东山中学 2024 届高三第一学期段考4 试题
英语
卷面满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。(2023.12)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Walled Cities Of The World
There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.
York, England
The city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71 AD which have been restored and extended with time.
Xi’an, China
The city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city.
Quebec City, Canada
Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权). A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
Mexico City, Mexico
Historically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city.
1. Which city has walls of the longest history
A. York, England. B. Xi’an, China.
C. Quebec City, Canada. D. Mexico City, Mexico.
2. What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common
A. They were once colonies of other countries.
B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire.
C. Their walls were once built under British regime.
D. Their walls were once damaged after construction.
3. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. Culture. B. Entertainment. C. Science. D. Society
B
It was the winter when I taught in a small country school on the west coast of Vancouver Island. I had three grades of little people in my class, all beaming with the desire to learn all they could. One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease—leukemia. More often than not, he would be missing from our classroom for rounds of treatments.
All of us were so pleased, then, to have that happy little boy with us for Christmas. We decorated our classroom, practised for the concert, and prepared Christmas stories to share.
Two days before school let out for the three-week Christmas holiday, I read a story to the class. It was the story of “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help.
As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. Everyone was sympathetic for his misfortune, including David.
The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.” Even before he told us the purpose of the box, we all seemed to know. Shiny tears went dot-to-dot down the faces of the other children. The rest of the day witnessed all of us carefully preparing items to fill David’s wooden box.
When the holidays came to a close, we all returned to our class—all except David. He had got a good chance and left for a big city to get better treatment, clutching the wooden box that held his hope and memories, and ours.
4. What can we learn about David from the first paragraph
A. His attractive smile impressed his teacher a lot.
B. Though seriously ill, he was passionate to learn.
C. His disease prevented him from going to school.
D. Though looking normal,he suffered from a fatal disease.
5. What does the underlined part “the plight” refer to
A. The past time. B. The promising future.
C. The awful situation. D. The daily routine.
6. Why did David prepare a wooden box
A. To share his items. B. To help the little angel.
C. To treat his disease. D. To hold the good memories.
7. Which of the following best describes David
A. Intelligent and diligent. B. Sociable and adventurous.
C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Optimistic and courageous.
C
In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.
As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with.
The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy.
The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls”. Trolls are actors who intentionally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.
By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
8. What’s the feature of the attention economy
A. It offers little information. B. It focuses on depressing stories.
C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click.
9. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3
A. To discuss the quality of information. B. To prove the benefits of healthy food.
C. To show the importance of environments. D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower.
10. What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text
A. Reveal their intention. B. Turn a deaf ear to them.
C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Reasons for developing critical thinking in modern times.
B. Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age.
C. Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet.
D. Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users.
D
Nocturnal (夜间的) exposure to blue light containing short wavelength emissions (450-500 nm) — the kind of light produced by the screens of many devices raises blood sugar levels and increases sugar intake, according to a study performed on Sudanian grass rats.
“Much of the artificial light we are exposed to comes from LED lights and screens, which emit high levels of blue light,” said Anayanci Masis-Vargas from the Universities of Strasbourg and Amsterdam and his colleagues. According to their study, retinal (网膜的) cells of the eye are sensitive to this blue light and directly convey information to areas of the brain that control appetite.
In the study, the scientists exposed diurnal Sudanian grass rats to nighttime blue light (490 nm) and measured their food consumption and glucose (葡萄糖) tolerance the following day. “In order to better model human light exposure, the rats were diurnal, meaning awake during the day and asleep at night, rather than the typical nocturnal laboratory rats which are awake during nighttime hours,” the researchers explained. They found that after only one hour of nocturnal blue light exposure, glucose tolerance was changed in the rats, a warning sign of pre-diabetes.
To investigate what happens with appetite control and food choice after exposure to blue light at night, in the follow-up study, the rats were given the option to choose among a nutritionally balanced food, water, pig fat, and sugar water. After the exposure to blue light, the study authors observed that the rats preferred sugar water and drank more of it that night than during the nights with no blue light exposure. As the experiment continued, the researchers noticed more exposure to blue light caused rats’ heavier bodies as well.
“Limiting the amount of time that we spend in front of screens at night is, for now, the best measure to protect ourselves from the harmful effects of blue light,” Masis-Vargas said. “In case it is necessary to be exposed to device s at night, I would recommend the night mode features on the devices, which turn the screens more orange and less blue or the use of blue light filtering glasses that are already available in the market.”
12. According to the study,nocturnal exposure to blue light will ________.
A. affect blood pressure B. influence appetite
C. disturb the delivery of information D. decrease retinal cells of the eye
13. Why were diurnal rats used instead of nocturnal rats in the study
A. Their sleep model is simpler to follow.
B. Their sugar intake is easier to measure.
C. Their light contact is similar to that of humans.
D. Their glucose tolerance is close to that of humans.
14. Which was NOT considered in the follow-up study
A. Food choice. B. Animal weight.
C. Food consumption. D. Animal gender.
15. Which is the most effective way to lessen the harm of blue light according to Masis-Vargas
A. Upgrading phone mode. B. Changing the color of the screen.
C. Restricting night screen time. D. Wearing blue light filtering glasses.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There were times when I thought success was about creating great work; times when I believed success was about making more money; and times when I thought success was about living in the present.____16____ but almost every single one of them is incomplete. Now, I usually describe success as combination of achievements and happiness. For me, success is about having fun and joy along the journey of creating the results you desire. Many habits help one achieve success.____17____.
Practicing self-awareness
Practicing self-awareness uses your ability to make the right choices for yourself. The best way to learn about yourself is to keep asking yourself difficult questions and answering them.____18____. Do this every day, write them down, and think carefully about them regularly.
Choosing the child-like attitude
____19____, and that's very true. First, kids don't over-think and always see the world as it is. We can act faster and live happier if we stop over-thinking. Second, kids don't stop playing. What do kids do when they fall down They get back up quickly and start playing again. And that's exactly what many of us need to achieve in order to get what we want in life.
Finding joy in hard work, challenges and setbacks
Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to.____20____.If you're a businessman, don't wait for customers to come knocking at your door. Go out, share your product, and get customers for your business.
Accept that success is not easy. Then, be the other group -- the group who finds joy in challenges and setbacks（挫折），the group who loves the things they do，and the group who puts in the hard work and gets devoted to the process.
A. The questions require you to think deeply
B None of the above sayings of success are wrong
C. Don't wish for more challenges, wish for more joy
D. These are what help us hold on and bring us pure joy
E. Hoping life gets easier, you will find it easy to be successful
F. Instead of hoping that life gets easier, hope that you will get better
G. There is a saying that kids are here to remind adults about how to live
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and ____21____ of consumer demands for environment friendly products have ____22____ the pollution problem. One ____23____ is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
____24____, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. ____25____ they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment ” “Can this metal container be ____26____ or can it only be used once ”
A recent study showed that two ____27____ five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the ____28____ they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products ____29____ labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling ____30____.
The ____31____ for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink ____32____ they do business. No longer will the public accept the old ____33____ of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public ____34____ is still here, and companies are ____35____ their act gradually.
21. A. part B. lack C. lots D. varieties
22. A. applied to B. contributed to C. exposed to D. devoted to
23. A. possibility B. chance C. result D. effect
24. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Similarly D. However
25. A. After B. Though C. Before D. Unless
26. A. reused B. safe C. friendly D. returned
27 A. of B. on C. from D. out of
28 A. rhyme B. way C. section D. branch
29. A. carry B. take C. include D. make
30. A. advantage B. technique C. point D. attraction
31. A. concern B. hope C. care D. plan
32. A. what B. how C. whether D. when
33. A. saying B. trust C. attitude D. fashion
34. A. pressure B. pleasure C. discussion D. interest
35. A. enlarging B. sharing C. cleaning D. improving
第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rice, commonly planted in many countries, serves ____36____ a major source of food for more than half of the global population.
People in ancient China ____37____ (begin) growing wild rice, learning how to cultivate rice in fields and improve its quality. ____38____ is widely believed that the cultivation (种植) of rice originated in China’s Yangtze River basin, around 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. Since then, rice ____39____ (pass) around the world through migration and trade.
Around 4,000 to 3,000 BC, rice was introduced to Southeast Asia, and during the Middle Ages people from India and southern Europe got to know the plant and took it home. Currently, half of the world’s population consumes rice, ____40____ (primary) in Asia, Southern Europe, and certain tropical regions in America and Africa. Over time, ____41____ (variety) of rice were developed to suit different regions and preferences. There are different rice dishes ____42____ (find) all over the world, including paellas, sushi, the bibimbap, risotto and jambalaya.
Today, rice plays a vital role in feeding billions of people while food ____43____ (short) is a worldwide problem. China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of rice. Yuan Longping, a renowned Chinese scientist ____44____ devoted his life to developing high-yielding rice, made significant contributions to improving rice quality and meeting the _____45_____ (rise) demand for food around the world.
第三部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你外国朋友Peter来你的学校做交换生，他对中国的文化很感兴趣。请写封电子邮件邀请他一起参观北京中华民族博物院（China Ethnic Museum），内容包括：
1.发出邀请；
2.主要活动；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. I met the Man of the Trees in summer ten years ago, when I was visiting Uncle Jita.
Those were difficult times. People were cutting down our forest, and there was often flooding. Sometimes our water supply was dirty. When our pump(水泵)did have clean water, we had to wait in line for ages. When the pump wasn’t working, we had to walk five kilometres to the closest stream.
But I was happy. I was going to see my favorite uncle. When the day finally arrived, Dad drove me to Uncle Jita’s house and left. Once he saw me, Uncle Jita announced, “Tomorrow we’re going to explore a magical place. Here is my camera, Amy. You can take photos of what you see.”
The following day, we woke up and left early on a boat. The trip was exciting. But when we got off, there was ... nothing in front of us. “I don’t want to take pictures of this,” I complained.
Uncle laughed,“Start walking, Amy. I promise you’ll be surprised.” After some time, I could see the outline of a forest in the distance. A little closer, there was a man waving to us.
“That’s Kabir. The forest you see is his. He planted every single tree.” As we walked towards Kabir, Uncle explained that thirty years ago, the whole area was a wasteland. But one day Kabir decided to change all that and started planting trees. Thanks to him, part of the wasteland is now a paradise(天堂).
Uncle introduced me to Kabir, who had gray hair and a determined face. “Jita told me you like animals. Are you ready to see some ” he asked. “Of course!” I replied. We continued walking and soon were under the trees. I turned my head and was amazed at the difference between the two places. All because of the efforts of one man.
Like Uncle said, Kabir’s forest was magical. We saw deer, rhinos, and even tigers. During lunchtime, Kabir explained how, by planting trees, it was possible to stop the land from eroding(侵蚀).
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Hearing this, I turned to my uncle, “I think we can plant trees too ”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the years that followed, people in our village worked hard to carry out our plan.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________东山中学 2024 届高三第一学期段考4 试题
英语
卷面满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。(2023.12)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Walled Cities Of The World
There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.
York, England
The city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71 AD which have been restored and extended with time.
Xi’an, China
The city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city.
Quebec City, Canada
Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权). A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
Mexico City, Mexico
Historically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city.
1. Which city has walls of the longest history
A. York, England. B. Xi’an, China.
C. Quebec City, Canada. D. Mexico City, Mexico.
2. What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common
A. They were once colonies of other countries.
B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire.
C. Their walls were once built under British regime.
D. Their walls were once damaged after construction.
3. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A. Culture. B. Entertainment. C. Science. D. Society
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是世界上有城墙的四座城市。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据York, England部分中“Located in the city are walls built in 71 AD which have been restored and extended with time.(城中有建于公元71年的城墙，随着时间的推移，城墙得到了修复和扩展。)”可知，英国的约克郡建于公元71年；根据Xi’an, China部分中的“The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty.(现存的城墙最初建于公元前770年，在明朝时期于14世纪重建。)”可知，西安现存的城墙最初建于公元前770年；根据Quebec City, Canada部分中的“The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权).(1608年，在英法两国的统治下，长城开始修建。)”可知，加拿大的魁北克城墙始建于1608年；根据Mexico City, Mexico部分中的“The walls protecting the city were built in 1521.(保护这座城市的城墙建于1521年。)”可知，保护这座城的城墙建于1521年，综合以上信息可知，中国西安的城墙修建历史是最悠久的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Quebec City, Canada部分中的“Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans.(魁北克城是一个殖民地城镇，由定居的欧洲人加强了防御。)”可知，魁北克城是一个殖民地城镇，结合Mexico City, Mexico部分中的“Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city.(墨西哥城也是许多殖民时代建筑的所在地，这些建筑和城墙一起成为该市的主要旅游景点。)”可知，墨西哥城是许多殖民地时代建筑的所在地，由此可知，这两座城市的共同点是他们曾经是其他国家的殖民地。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries.(世界上有许多历史悠久的城墙城市，它们的城墙可以追溯到几个世纪以前。)”以及下文中的“They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.(它们在现代被保存为历史遗迹和热门旅游景点。)”可知，本文介绍的是有许多历史悠久的城墙城市，他们被保存为历史遗迹和热门旅游景点，由此可知，本文应是出自于杂志的文化部分。故选A项。
B
It was the winter when I taught in a small country school on the west coast of Vancouver Island. I had three grades of little people in my class, all beaming with the desire to learn all they could. One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease—leukemia. More often than not, he would be missing from our classroom for rounds of treatments.
All of us were so pleased, then, to have that happy little boy with us for Christmas. We decorated our classroom, practised for the concert, and prepared Christmas stories to share.
Two days before school let out for the three-week Christmas holiday, I read a story to the class. It was the story of “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help.
As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. Everyone was sympathetic for his misfortune, including David.
The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.” Even before he told us the purpose of the box, we all seemed to know. Shiny tears went dot-to-dot down the faces of the other children. The rest of the day witnessed all of us carefully preparing items to fill David’s wooden box.
When the holidays came to a close, we all returned to our class—all except David. He had got a good chance and left for a big city to get better treatment, clutching the wooden box that held his hope and memories, and ours.
4. What can we learn about David from the first paragraph
A. His attractive smile impressed his teacher a lot.
B. Though seriously ill, he was passionate to learn.
C. His disease prevented him from going to school.
D. Though looking normal,he suffered from a fatal disease.
5. What does the underlined part “the plight” refer to
A. The past time. B. The promising future.
C. The awful situation. D. The daily routine.
6. Why did David prepare a wooden box
A. To share his items. B. To help the little angel.
C. To treat his disease. D. To hold the good memories.
7. Which of the following best describes David
A. Intelligent and diligent. B. Sociable and adventurous.
C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Optimistic and courageous.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者班上的“小天使”的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease—leukemia.(我一年级班上一个叫大卫的小男孩比其他所有的人都想学得更多。他那肿胀的圆脸会朝我微笑，一遍又一遍地提醒我他的病——白血病。)”可知，David比所有的人都想学的更多，但是他患上白血病，由此可知，David虽然病得很重，但他对学习充满热情。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo.(这个小天使在天堂过得很糟糕。他不能适应这种例行公事。他总是遇到麻烦，撞到其他天使，被云绊倒，或者掉下他的光环。)”可知，小天使在天堂上遇到很多的麻烦，境遇很糟糕，结合划线单词前的“As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in…(当我读到这个故事的时候，全班鸦雀无声，每个孩子都更加关注着……。)”可知，作者读完小天使的故事，孩子们都关注着的应是小天使的“困境”，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“困境”意义相近。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help.(似乎没有什么能让他的日子好过些，直到有一天，一位大天使建议小天使带走一些东西。只是一些能让他想起过去美好时光的东西，也许会有所帮助。)”可知，作者讲述的小天使的故事中，大天使建议小天使带走一些让他想起过去美好时光的东西，结合倒数第二段中的“The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.”(第二天，在我们的常规展示时间，大卫拿着一个小木盒开始分享，“这是我的第一颗牙齿，”他解释道。“这是我妹妹头发上的丝带，这是我小狗的项圈。我爸爸给了我一把旧钥匙。我妈妈说这个大硬币代表好运。”)”可知，David带来的盒子里都是一些让他能想起的过去美好时光的东西，由此可知，David准备一个木盒子是为了留住美好的回忆。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease—leukemia.(他那肿胀的圆脸会朝我微笑，一遍又一遍地提醒我他的病——白血病。)”可知，David患上白血病仍然对着作者微笑，说明David是一个乐观的孩子，结合倒数第二段中的“The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck. 第二天，在我们的常规展示时间，大卫拿着一个小木盒开始分享，“这是我的第一颗牙齿，”他解释道。“这是我妹妹头发上的丝带，这是我小狗的项圈。我爸爸给了我一把旧钥匙。我妈妈说这个大硬币代表好运。”)”可知，作者讲述完“小天使”的故事后，第二天David准备了一个小木盒与大家分享他的美好回忆，由此可知，在David知道自己患有重病，也许会离开大家，他仍能够勇敢面对，综上信息可知，David是一个乐观而又有勇气的孩子。故选D项。
C
In the days before the Internet, critical thinking was the most important skill of informed citizens. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.
As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers intentionally control their information environment to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves the removal of low-quality yet hard-to-resist information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with.
The next is to evaluate the reliability of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputations for being trustworthy.
The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls”. Trolls are actors who intentionally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.
By sharpening our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
8. What’s the feature of the attention economy
A. It offers little information. B. It focuses on depressing stories.
C. It saves time for Internet users. D. It seeks profits from each click.
9. Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3
A. To discuss the quality of information. B. To prove the benefits of healthy food.
C. To show the importance of environments. D. To explain the effectiveness of willpower.
10. What should we do to handle Internet trolls according to the text
A. Reveal their intention. B. Turn a deaf ear to them.
C. Correct their behaviour. D. Send hard facts to them.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Reasons for developing critical thinking in modern times.
B. Practising the skill of critical ignoring in the digital age.
C. Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet.
D. Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention.”（正如研究人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少，所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力。）可知，注意力经济的特点是它从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Likewise, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to bank on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it’s better to just keep them out of sight to begin with.”（成功的节食者需要把不健康的食物远离他们的家。同样，我们需要建立一个数字环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们藏起来。）可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线数字环境，展示环境的重要性。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Trolls are actors who intentionally spread false and hurtful information online to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.”（喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为。）可知，对付网络喷子，我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, and her colleagues, an even more important skill is critical ignoring.”（但马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃(Anastasia Kozyreva)和她的同事认为，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是至关重要的忽视。）和第三段中“According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring comprises three strategies.”（科兹列娃认为，批判性忽视包括三种策略）后文具体介绍这三种策略，所以本文主要讲的是在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。故选B项。
D
Nocturnal (夜间的) exposure to blue light containing short wavelength emissions (450-500 nm) — the kind of light produced by the screens of many devices raises blood sugar levels and increases sugar intake, according to a study performed on Sudanian grass rats.
“Much of the artificial light we are exposed to comes from LED lights and screens, which emit high levels of blue light,” said Anayanci Masis-Vargas from the Universities of Strasbourg and Amsterdam and his colleagues. According to their study, retinal (网膜的) cells of the eye are sensitive to this blue light and directly convey information to areas of the brain that control appetite.
In the study, the scientists exposed diurnal Sudanian grass rats to nighttime blue light (490 nm) and measured their food consumption and glucose (葡萄糖) tolerance the following day. “In order to better model human light exposure, the rats were diurnal, meaning awake during the day and asleep at night, rather than the typical nocturnal laboratory rats which are awake during nighttime hours,” the researchers explained. They found that after only one hour of nocturnal blue light exposure, glucose tolerance was changed in the rats, a warning sign of pre-diabetes.
To investigate what happens with appetite control and food choice after exposure to blue light at night, in the follow-up study, the rats were given the option to choose among a nutritionally balanced food, water, pig fat, and sugar water. After the exposure to blue light, the study authors observed that the rats preferred sugar water and drank more of it that night than during the nights with no blue light exposure. As the experiment continued, the researchers noticed more exposure to blue light caused rats’ heavier bodies as well.
“Limiting the amount of time that we spend in front of screens at night is, for now, the best measure to protect ourselves from the harmful effects of blue light,” Masis-Vargas said. “In case it is necessary to be exposed to device s at night, I would recommend the night mode features on the devices, which turn the screens more orange and less blue or the use of blue light filtering glasses that are already available in the market.”
12. According to the study,nocturnal exposure to blue light will ________.
A affect blood pressure B. influence appetite
C. disturb the delivery of information D. decrease retinal cells of the eye
13. Why were diurnal rats used instead of nocturnal rats in the study
A. Their sleep model is simpler to follow.
B. Their sugar intake is easier to measure.
C. Their light contact is similar to that of humans.
D. Their glucose tolerance is close to that of humans.
14. Which was NOT considered in the follow-up study
A. Food choice. B. Animal weight.
C Food consumption. D. Animal gender.
15. Which is the most effective way to lessen the harm of blue light according to Masis-Vargas
A. Upgrading phone mode. B. Changing the color of the screen.
C. Restricting night screen time. D. Wearing blue light filtering glasses.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，夜间暴露在蓝光下会提高血糖水平，增加糖的摄入量，研究人员建议限制晚上的屏幕使用时间，或者在电子设备上安装夜间模式功能或者使用蓝光过滤眼镜。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to their study, retinal (网膜的) cells of the eye are sensitive to this blue light and directly convey information to areas of the brain that control appetite.(根据他们的研究，眼睛的视网膜细胞对这种蓝光很敏感，并直接将信息传递给控制食欲的大脑区域)”可知，根据研究显示，夜间暴露在蓝光下会影响食欲，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘In order to better model human light exposure, the rats were diurnal, meaning awake during the day and asleep at night, rather than the typical nocturnal laboratory rats which are awake during nighttime hours,’ the researchers explained.(研究人员解释说：“为了更好地模拟人类的光暴露，这些老鼠是昼行性的，也就是说白天醒着，晚上睡觉，而不是典型的夜间活动的实验室老鼠，在夜间醒着。”)”可知，研究中使用昼行性老鼠是因为它们的光接触与人类相似。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“To investigate what happens with appetite control and food choice after exposure to blue light at night, in the follow-up study, the rats were given the option to choose among a nutritionally balanced food, water, pig fat, and sugar water. After the exposure to blue light, the study authors observed that the rats preferred sugar water and drank more of it that night than during the nights with no blue light exposure. As the experiment continued, the researchers noticed more exposure to blue light caused rats’ heavier bodies as well.(为了研究夜间暴露在蓝光下后食欲控制和食物选择的变化，在后续研究中，让大鼠选择营养均衡的食物、水、猪脂肪和糖水。在暴露在蓝光下后，研究作者观察到老鼠更喜欢糖水，并且当晚喝的糖水比没有蓝光的夜晚要多。随着实验的继续，研究人员注意到更多的蓝光照射也会导致老鼠的体重增加)”可知，后续研究考虑到了食物选择、动物的体重和食物消耗，D项“动物性别”不符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Limiting the amount of time that we spend in front of screens at night is, for now, the best measure to protect ourselves from the harmful effects of blue light,’ Masis-Vargas said.(Masis-Vargas说：“目前，限制我们晚上在屏幕前的时间是保护我们免受蓝光有害影响的最佳措施。”)”可知，Masis-Vargas认为限制晚上的屏幕使用时间是减轻蓝光危害的最有效方法，故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There were times when I thought success was about creating great work; times when I believed success was about making more money; and times when I thought success was about living in the present.____16____ but almost every single one of them is incomplete. Now, I usually describe success as combination of achievements and happiness. For me, success is about having fun and joy along the journey of creating the results you desire. Many habits help one achieve success.____17____.
Practicing self-awareness
Practicing self-awareness uses your ability to make the right choices for yourself. The best way to learn about yourself is to keep asking yourself difficult questions and answering them.____18____. Do this every day, write them down, and think carefully about them regularly.
Choosing the child-like attitude
____19____, and that's very true. First, kids don't over-think and always see the world as it is. We can act faster and live happier if we stop over-thinking. Second, kids don't stop playing. What do kids do when they fall down They get back up quickly and start playing again. And that's exactly what many of us need to achieve in order to get what we want in life.
Finding joy in hard work, challenges and setbacks
Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to.____20____.If you're a businessman, don't wait for customers to come knocking at your door. Go out, share your product, and get customers for your business.
Accept that success is not easy. Then, be the other group -- the group who finds joy in challenges and setbacks（挫折），the group who loves the things they do，and the group who puts in the hard work and gets devoted to the process.
A. The questions require you to think deeply
B. None of the above sayings of success are wrong
C. Don't wish for more challenges, wish for more joy
D. These are what help us hold on and bring us pure joy
E. Hoping life gets easier, you will find it easy to be successful
F. Instead of hoping that life gets easier, hope that you will get better
G. There is a saying that kids are here to remind adults about how to live
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了有助于成功的几个好习惯。
【16题详解】
上文“There were times when I thought success was about creating great work; times when I believed success was about making more money; and times when I thought success was about living in the present.(有时候，我认为成功就是创造出伟大的作品；当我相信成功就是赚更多的钱的时候；还有我认为成功就是活在当下的时候。)”提到了成功的几种说法，B选项中sayings是关键词，与上文呼应，所以B选项“以上关于成功的说法没有一句是错的”与上文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
【17题详解】
上文“For me, success is about having fun and joy along the journey of creating the results you desire. Many habits help one achieve success.(对我来说，成功就是在创造你想要的结果的过程中获得乐趣和快乐。 许多习惯有助于一个人取得成功。)”提到了许多好习惯的作用，D选项中these是关键词，指代上文的“许多习惯”，所以D项“这些都能帮助我们坚持下去，给我们带来纯粹的快乐”符合语境。故选D项。
【18题详解】
上文“The best way to learn about yourself is to keep asking yourself difficult questions and answering them.(了解自己最好的方法就是不断问自己一些困难的问题，然后回答它们。)”提到了要不断问自己一些困难的问题，A选项中The questions是关键词，与上文呼应，所以A选项“这些问题需要你深入思考”符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
下文“First, kids don't over-think and always see the world as it is.(首先，孩子们不会想太多，总是看到世界本来的样子)”和“Second, kids don't stop playing. What do kids do when they fall down They get back up quickly and start playing again.(第二，孩子们不停地玩耍。 孩子们摔倒时会做什么 他们很快重新站起来，重新开始比赛。)”都提到了“孩子们”，G选项中kids是关键词，与下文呼应，所以G选项“有一种说法是，孩子们在这里是为了提醒成年人如何生活”符合语境。故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“Life never goes as smoothly as we want it to.(生活永远不会像我们希望的那样顺利。)”提到了生活的不容易，F选项中 life是关键词，与上文呼应，所以F选项“与其希望生活变得轻松，不如希望自己变得更好”符合语境。故选F项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and ____21____ of consumer demands for environment friendly products have ____22____ the pollution problem. One ____23____ is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
____24____, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. ____25____ they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment ” “Can this metal container be ____26____ or can it only be used once ”
A recent study showed that two ____27____ five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the ____28____ they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products ____29____ labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling ____30____.
The ____31____ for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink ____32____ they do business. No longer will the public accept the old ____33____ of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public ____34____ is still here, and companies are ____35____ their act gradually.
21. A. part B. lack C. lots D. varieties
22. A. applied to B. contributed to C. exposed to D. devoted to
23. A. possibility B. chance C. result D. effect
24. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Similarly D. However
25. A. After B. Though C. Before D. Unless
26. A. reused B. safe C. friendly D. returned
27. A. of B. on C. from D. out of
28. A. rhyme B. way C. section D. branch
29. A. carry B. take C. include D. make
30. A. advantage B. technique C. point D. attraction
31 A. concern B. hope C. care D. plan
32. A. what B. how C. whether D. when
33. A. saying B. trust C. attitude D. fashion
34. A. pressure B. pleasure C. discussion D. interest
35. A. enlarging B. sharing C. cleaning D. improving
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. part部分；B. lack缺乏； C. lots许多； D. varieties种类。根据“Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.”可知，因为缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求，当今世界上许多城市污染严重。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. applied to适用于；B. contributed to导致； C. exposed to接触； D. devoted to致力于。根据“Careless methods of production and 1 of consumer demands for environment friendly products ”可知，这些原因导致污染问题。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器，而这些都很难处理掉。A. possibility可能；B. chance机会； C. result结果； D. effect效果。根据“millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of”可知，粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天，越来越多的消费者选择“绿色”，并要求他们购买的产品应该对环境安全。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外； C. Similarly相似； D. However然而。根据“Careless methods of production and 1 of consumer demands for environment friendly products have 2 the pollution problem.”可知，前后情况不同，表示转折，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在购买产品之前，他们会问这样的问题:“这种洗发水会破坏环境吗 ”A. After之后；B. Though尽管； C. Before之前； D. Unless除非。根据“today, more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’”以及“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it.”可知，消费者在购买前会问一些产品是否环保的问题。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这个金属容器可以重复使用还是只能使用一次 ”A. reused重新使用；B. safe安全的； C. friendly友好的； D. returned返回的。根据“or can it only be used once ”可知，消费者购买金属容器前会询问是否可以重复利用。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究表明，现在有五分之二的成年人在购买产品之前会考虑产品的环境安全性。A. of的；B. on在...之上； C. from来自； D. out of出去。根据“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product ”可知，这是描述有一定数量的成年人会考虑产品是否环保。two out of five表示五分之二，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着公司现在必须改变他们制造和销售产品的方式，以确保他们是“绿色的”，也就是说，对环境有益处。A. rhyme押韵；B. way方法，方式； C.section部分； D. branch树枝。根据“Careless methods of production ”可知，为了迎合消费者对环保产品的需求，公司要改变制造和销售产品方式。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些超市的产品带有绿色标签。A. carry携带；B. take带着； C. include包括； D. make制作。根据“to show that the product is green.”可知，产品标签是绿色标签。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些公司在广告中强调他们的产品是清洁和安全的，并以此作为主要卖点。A. advantage优势；B. technique技术； C. point点； D. attraction吸引。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，产品清洁安全是公司销售卖点。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. concern关注；B. hope希望； C. care关爱； D. plan计划。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，企业关注更安全更清洁的环境。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. what什么；B. how如何； C. whether是否； D. when当时。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是企业如何经营的方式。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众将不再接受“买它，用它，扔掉它，忘记它”的旧态度。A. saying谚语；B. trust信任； C. attitude态度； D. fashion时尚。根据“Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.”可知，这是旧的态度。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. pressure压力；B. pleasure乐趣； C. discussion讨论； D. interest兴趣。根据“No longer will the public accept the old 13 of‘Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.’”可知，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. enlarging扩大；B. sharing分享； C. cleaning打扫； D. improving改进。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是公司改善自己的行为。故选D。
第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rice, commonly planted in many countries, serves ____36____ a major source of food for more than half of the global population.
People in ancient China ____37____ (begin) growing wild rice, learning how to cultivate rice in fields and improve its quality. ____38____ is widely believed that the cultivation (种植) of rice originated in China’s Yangtze River basin, around 13,500 to 8,200 years ago. Since then, rice ____39____ (pass) around the world through migration and trade.
Around 4,000 to 3,000 BC, rice was introduced to Southeast Asia, and during the Middle Ages people from India and southern Europe got to know the plant and took it home. Currently, half of the world’s population consumes rice, ____40____ (primary) in Asia, Southern Europe, and certain tropical regions in America and Africa. Over time, ____41____ (variety) of rice were developed to suit different regions and preferences. There are different rice dishes ____42____ (find) all over the world, including paellas, sushi, the bibimbap, risotto and jambalaya.
Today, rice plays a vital role in feeding billions of people while food ____43____ (short) is a worldwide problem. China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of rice. Yuan Longping, a renowned Chinese scientist ____44____ devoted his life to developing high-yielding rice, made significant contributions to improving rice quality and meeting the _____45_____ (rise) demand for food around the world.
【答案】36. as 37. began
38. It 39. has passed
40. primarily
41. varieties
42. found 43. shortage
44. who##that
45. rising
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大米的历史和重要作用。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：水稻在许多国家普遍种植，是全球一半以上人口的主要食物来源。serve as意为“可用作，起……作用”，为固定搭配。故填as。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：中国古代的人们开始种植野生水稻，学习如何在田里种植水稻并提高其质量。根据句中的in ancient China可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：普遍认为，水稻种植起源于中国长江流域，距今约13500年至8200年。It is believed that...意为“人们认为……，据信……”，其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填It。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，大米通过迁徙和贸易在世界各地流通。根据句中的时间状语Since then可知，这里应该用现在完成时。主语rice为不可数名词，所以谓语应用单数。故填has passed。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：目前，世界上一半的人口食用大米，主要分布在亚洲、南欧以及美洲和非洲的某些热带地区。空处应用副词，修饰空后的介词短语。primarily意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
【41题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：随着时间的推移，水稻品种不断发展，以适应不同的地区和偏好。variety意为“品种”，为可数名词，空前没有限定词，再根据谓语were可知，空处应用名词复数，表示泛指。故填varieties。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地都有不同的米饭，包括西班牙什锦饭、寿司、石锅拌饭、意大利调味饭和美国南部什锦饭。本句为there be结构，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语rice dishes和find之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填found。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：如今，大米在养活数十亿人方面发挥着至关重要的作用，而粮食短缺是一个全球性问题。空处应用名词，作主语。shortage意为“缺少，不足”，为不可数名词。故填shortage。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：袁隆平是中国著名的科学家，他毕生致力于发展高产水稻，为改善稻米品质和满足世界各地日益增长的粮食需求做出了重大贡献。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词scientist，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。空处应用非谓语动词，作定语修饰demand。根据句意，rise和demand之间是主动关系，且这里表示持续性的动作，所以应用现在分词。故填rising。
第三部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter来你的学校做交换生，他对中国的文化很感兴趣。请写封电子邮件邀请他一起参观北京中华民族博物院（China Ethnic Museum），内容包括：
1.发出邀请；
2.主要活动；
3.期待回复。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing to invite you to visit the China Ethnic Museum this Saturday morning.
Covering an area of 50 hectares, the museum is well known for its ethnic activities. At the museum, as well as admiring varieties of buildings of ethnic features, we can watch diverse cultural exhibitions, including pictures, clothing and cultural relics. Additionally, we can watch wonderful folk performances. If you are interested, let’s meet at our school gate at 8:00 a.m.
Considering your deep interest in Chinese diverse cultures, I’m sure you will enjoy yourself there. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Peter来你的学校做交换生，他对中国的文化很感兴趣。请写封电子邮件邀请他一起参观北京中华民族博物院（China Ethnic Museum），内容包括：1.发出邀请；2.主要活动；3.期待回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：known→famous
各种各样的：diverse→all kinds of
此外：Additionally→In addition
玩得开心：enjoy oneself→have fun
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At the museum, as well as admiring varieties of buildings of ethnic features, we can watch diverse cultural exhibitions, including pictures, clothing and cultural relics.
拓展句：At the museum, as well as admiring varieties of buildings of ethnic features, we can watch diverse cultural exhibitions, which include pictures, clothing and cultural relics.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If you are interested, let’s meet at our school gate at 8:00 a.m.(运用了if引导的状语从句)
【高分句型2】Considering your deep interest in Chinese diverse cultures, I’m sure you will enjoy yourself there.(运用了非谓语动词作状语和省略连词that的宾语从句)
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. I met the Man of the Trees in summer ten years ago, when I was visiting Uncle Jita.
Those were difficult times. People were cutting down our forest, and there was often flooding. Sometimes our water supply was dirty. When our pump(水泵)did have clean water, we had to wait in line for ages. When the pump wasn’t working, we had to walk five kilometres to the closest stream.
But I was happy. I was going to see my favorite uncle. When the day finally arrived, Dad drove me to Uncle Jita’s house and left. Once he saw me, Uncle Jita announced, “Tomorrow we’re going to explore a magical place. Here is my camera, Amy. You can take photos of what you see.”
The following day, we woke up and left early on a boat. The trip was exciting. But when we got off, there was ... nothing in front of us. “I don’t want to take pictures of this,” I complained.
Uncle laughed,“Start walking, Amy. I promise you’ll be surprised.” After some time, I could see the outline of a forest in the distance. A little closer, there was a man waving to us.
“That’s Kabir. The forest you see is his. He planted every single tree.” As we walked towards Kabir, Uncle explained that thirty years ago, the whole area was a wasteland. But one day Kabir decided to change all that and started planting trees. Thanks to him, part of the wasteland is now a paradise(天堂).
Uncle introduced me to Kabir, who had gray hair and a determined face. “Jita told me you like animals. Are you ready to see some ” he asked. “Of course!” I replied. We continued walking and soon were under the trees. I turned my head and was amazed at the difference between the two places. All because of the efforts of one man.
Like Uncle said, Kabir’s forest was magical. We saw deer, rhinos, and even tigers. During lunchtime, Kabir explained how, by planting trees, it was possible to stop the land from eroding(侵蚀).
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing this, I turned to my uncle, “I think we can plant trees too ”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the years that followed, people in our village worked hard to carry out our plan.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hearing this, I turned to my uncle, “I think we can plant trees too.” Grabbing the camera in my hand, I added with excitement. “I’ve got a plan! I’ll show them the photos of Kabir’s magical forest! ” Seeing Uncle and Kabir’s encouraging smile, I immediately set down to my work, busily pressing my shutter and capturing the amazing scenes in the forest. When Uncle and I went back to the village several days later and showed these wonderful pictures to my neighbour, they were stunned by the beauty of the forest. “It was the trees that turned the place into a paradise! ” We then explained our tree-planting plan to the villagers, which was quickly accepted by all of them.
In the years that followed people in our village worked hard to carry out our plan. Instead of cutting down our forest, we started to plant trees, which has eventually helped protect the soil and stopped the land from eroding. Thanks to the trees, the water has been purified and we finally have clean and stable water supply. With our joint efforts, our village is now surrounded by small thriving forests with blooming flowers, lively animals and crystal-clear streams running through. Witnessing the gradual change of our village, we came to realize that only when we live in harmony with nature can we have a brighter future.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了十年前，吉塔叔叔带作者去探索一个神奇的地方。那里30年前一片荒地，卡比尔决定改变这一切，开始植树，最终变成了森林，并且带来生态环境改变的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“听了这话，我转向叔叔说：“我想我们也可以种树。””可知，第一段可描写作者通过宣传森林让更多人参与种树。
②由第二段首句内容“在接下来的几年里，我们村里的人努力工作来实施我们的计划。”可知，第二段可描写植树给村庄带来的变化。
2.续写线索：想到计划——分享计划——接受计划——实施计划——环境改变
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.抓住：grab/ take hold of
②.返回：go back to/return
③.展示：show/display
情绪类
①.鼓舞的：encouraging/inspiring
②.兴奋：excitement/ thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1]. We then explained our tree-planting plan to the villagers, which was quickly accepted by all of them.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Witnessing the gradual change of our village, we came to realize that only when we live in harmony with nature can we have a brighter future.（运用了现在分词作状语以及that引导的宾语从句）
