试卷类型：A
2023-2024 学年度上学期期末模拟考试
高三英语
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 个小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter. Students at the university automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
Opened in 1900, this library is part of the University of Manchester, one of the top five universities in the UK. This library offers limitless research potential for students. Whether you want to make use of the rich collections available, or simply explore the site, this library should be on everyone’s must-see list.
The Mitchell Library, Glasgow
The Mitchell Library is one of Glasgow’s most famous landmarks. On the top of the copper dome (圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.
1. Which library requires a reading pass to enter the reading room
A. The British Library. B. The Mitchell Library.
C. John Rylands Library. D. Bodleian Old Library.
2. At the Mitchell Library, tourists can .
A. join research groups
B admire Gothic architecture
C. enjoy Glasgow’s rooftop views
D. refer to Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook
3. In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A Culture. B. Fashion. C. Science. D. Entertainment.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在英国必须去的四个博物馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The British Library, London小标题下的“Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.(众所周知，有阅读证的学生一次会在阅览室里待上几个小时。)”可知，英国图书馆需要有阅读证才能进入阅览室。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Mitchell Library, Glasgow中的介绍“On the top of the copper dome(圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.(在铜圆顶的顶部是一尊罗马女神密涅瓦的青铜雕像。游客可以爬上圆顶，欣赏这座城市最独特的屋顶景色。)”可知，在米切尔图书馆，游客可以欣赏到格拉斯哥的屋顶景色。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选A。
B
A brilliant theoretical physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer was tapped to head up a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, as part of U.S. efforts to develop nuclear weapons. He succeeded — but would go on to advocate against developing even more powerful bombs.
Born in New York City in 1904, Oppenheimer studied theoretical physics at both Cambridge University and the University of G ttingen in Germany, where he gained his doctorate at age 23. Soon the young physicist “Oppie” rubbed shoulders with the greatest scientific figures of his age, and his academic work advanced quantum theory and predicted everything from the neutron to the black hole.
After the United States joined the Allies in 1941, Oppenheimer was asked to participate in the top-secret Manhattan Project, whose aim was to develop an atomic weapon.
On July 16, 1945, Oppenheimer and others gathered at the Trinity test site south of Los Alamos for the world’s first attempted nuclear blast. Conducted in secret, the test worked. On August 6 and August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped two of the bombs Oppenheimer had helped develop over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On the night of the Hiroshima bombing, Oppenheimer was cheered by a crowd of fellow scientists at Los Alamos, and declared that his only regret was that the bomb hadn’t been finished in time to use against Germany.
Twenty years after the attacks on both cities in Japan, Oppenheimer appeared in a 1965 NBC News documentary called The Decision to Drop the Bomb. “We knew the world would not be the same,” he said onscreen. “A few people laughed; a few people cried. Most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture (印度梵经), ‘Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.’ I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.”
However, Oppenheimer opposed America’s attempts to develop a more powerful hydrogen bomb. Did he really live to regret helping develop the atomic bomb No one knows. He doesn’t come into easy categories of pro-nuclear, anti-nuclear or anything like that. He’s a complicated figure.
4. What does the underlined phrase “rubbed shoulders with” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Thought highly of. B. Spent time with.
C. Taken the place of. D. Made trouble with.
5. What do we know about Oppenheimer according to the passage
A. He got his doctor’s degree in the year 1930.
B. The atomic bomb he developed first struck Nagasaki.
C. He felt guilty when the bomb caused numerous deaths.
D. He was firmly against developing the hydrogen bomb.
6. What’s the writing pattern of the passage
A. News. B. Fiction.
C. Biography. D. Journal.
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Controversial Man behind the Atomic Bomb
B. The Most Brilliant Physicist in the 20th Century
C. How Oppenheimer Rewrote the History of WWII
D. How Oppenheimer Developed the Atomic Bomb
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了理论物理学家奥本海默在原子武器开发中的重要角色，以及他对原子武器使用的道德和伦理考虑的后续反思。
4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Soon the young physicist “Oppie” rubbed shoulders with the greatest scientific figures of his age(不久，年轻的物理学家“奥皮”就与他那个时代最伟大的科学人物rubbed shoulders with)”中主语“the young physicist “Oppie””和宾语“the greatest scientific figures of his age”，及“and his academic work advanced quantum theory and predicted everything from the neutron to the black hole(他的学术工作推动了量子理论的发展，并预测了从中子到黑洞的一切)”可推知，奥本海默与同时代的其它科学家有了交集，与他们共事，才能推动量子理论的发展，结合选项，rubbed shoulders with与spent time with意思相近。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, Oppenheimer opposed America’s attempts to develop a more powerful hydrogen bomb.(然而，奥本海默反对美国发展威力更大的氢弹)”可知，奥本海默坚决反对发展氢弹。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A brilliant theoretical physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer was tapped to head up a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, as part of U.S. efforts to develop nuclear weapons. He succeeded — but would go on to advocate against developing even more powerful bombs.(杰出的理论物理学家J·罗伯特·奥本海默(J. Robert Oppenheimer)被任命为新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯(Los Alamos)的一个实验室的负责人，作为美国发展核武器努力的一部分。他成功了，但他继续反对开发更强大的炸弹)”可知，本文介绍了理论物理学家J·罗伯特·奥本海默的生平和贡献，揭示了奥本海默在原子武器开发中的重要角色，以及他对其使用的道德和伦理考虑的后续反思。由此推知，本文是一篇传记文学。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“He succeeded — but would go on to advocate against developing even more powerful bombs.(他成功了，但他继续反对开发更强大的炸弹)”和最后一段中“However, Oppenheimer opposed America’s attempts to develop a more powerful hydrogen bomb. Did he really live to regret helping develop the atomic bomb No one knows. He doesn’t come into easy categories of pro-nuclear, anti-nuclear or anything like that. He’s a complicated figure.(然而，奥本海默反对美国发展威力更大的氢弹。他真的后悔帮助研制了原子弹吗？没人知道。他不会轻易地把自己划分为亲核、反核或诸如此类的类别。他是个复杂的人)”可知，本文介绍了理论物理学家奥本海默在原子武器开发中的重要角色，以及他对其使用的道德和伦理考虑的后续反思。所以“The Controversial Man behind the Atomic Bomb(原子弹背后有争议的男人)”是最佳标题，此标题以“奥本海默”为核心，同时突显出对他的不同评价。故选A项。
C
The most beloved bird in history may very well have been a 29-year-old pigeon by the name of Martha. It was the early 1900s, and Martha was at the height of her fame. Perched on her humble roost at the Cincinnati Zoo, she was an object of fascination to the thousands of visitors who lined up just to catch a glimpse. Martha may not have looked the part of an animal celebrity, but she was hardly average—in fact, she was the very definition of one of a kind. After the death of her companion George in 1910, Martha had become the world’s last-living passenger pigeon.
There was a time not long before when her kind accounted for more than a quarter of the birds in North America and may have been the most abundant bird species on the planet. Passenger pigeons used to travel at 60 miles an hour in flocks a mile wide and 300 miles long. Witnesses compared them to a train rumbling through a tunnel.
Ironically, the passenger pigeons’ very abundance may have spelled their doom. An agricultural pest and reliable source of protein, they became easy targets for hunters who killed them in the tens of thousands. In a matter of decades, a bird that once numbered in the billions was reduced to a few, and then, eventually, to one.
Martha, who’d grown up in captivity, had no offspring of her own. At 1 p.m. on September 1, 1914, Martha fell from her perch, never to rise again—one of the rare occasions in which historians could identify the exact moment of a species’ extinction.
Of course, the real tragedy was that the loss of the passenger pigeon was neither surprising nor unique. For as long as the Earth has sustained life, it has also seen the permanent disappearance of life forms, the dinosaurs being a particularly extreme example. But Martha’s high-profile death trained national attention on an alarming new trend. Close to a thousand animal species alone have died off in the last 500 years, and the trend is only getting worse.
8. What caused the extinction of passenger pigeons
A. The loss of their habitats. B. The worsening of global warming.
C. The burning of fossil fuels. D. Their nutritional value and threat to farming.
9. Why are dinosaurs mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To illustrate we can do nothing to stop species extinction.
B. To show the extinction of a certain species is not a rare case.
C. To explain human activities are to blame for species extinction.
D. To stress immediate measures should be taken before it is too late.
10. What is the author’s attitude towards the new trend of species extinction
A. Optimistic. B. Confused. C. Relieved. D. Concerned.
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The most beloved bird George died.
B. Birds are the best friends of human beings.
C. The tragic loss of the last passenger pigeon.
D. The most abundant bird species are endangered.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最后一只旅鸽的死亡和旅鸽灭绝的原因，以及人们对此的担忧。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“An agricultural pest and reliable source of protein, they became easy targets for hunters who killed them in the tens of thousands. (作为一种农业害虫和可靠的蛋白质来源，它们很容易成为猎人的目标，成千上万的猎人捕杀了它们。)”可知，它们的营养价值和对农业的威胁导致了旅鸽的灭绝。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Of course, the real tragedy was that the loss of the passenger pigeon was neither surprising nor unique. For as long as the Earth has sustained life, it has also seen the permanent disappearance of life forms, the dinosaurs being a particularly extreme example. But Martha’s high-profile death trained national attention on an alarming new trend. Close to a thousand animal species alone have died off in the last 500 years, and the trend is only getting worse. (当然，真正的悲剧是，旅鸽的损失既不令人惊讶，也不独特。只要地球上有生命存在，它就见证了生命形式的永久消失，恐龙就是一个特别极端的例子。但玛莎高调的死亡让全国关注到一个令人担忧的新趋势。在过去的500年里，近1000种动物灭绝，而且这种趋势只会变得更糟。)”可知，最后一段提到恐龙表明某一物种灭绝的情况并不罕见。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But Martha’s high-profile death trained national attention on an alarming new trend. Close to a thousand animal species alone have died off in the last 500 years, and the trend is only getting worse. (但玛莎高调的死亡让全国关注到一个令人担忧的新趋势。在过去的500年里，近1000种动物灭绝，而且这种趋势只会变得更糟。)”可知，作者对物种灭绝的新趋势很担心。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“After the death of her companion George in 1910, Martha had become the world’s last-living passenger pigeon. (1910年她的同伴乔治去世后，玛莎成了世界上最后一只活着的旅鸽。)”可知，第一段引出旅鸽的现状，接着文章对此现象进行了解释，文章倒数第二段中“At 1 p.m. on September 1, 1914, Martha fell from her perch, never to rise again—one of the rare occasions in which historians could identify the exact moment of a species’ extinction.(玛莎在囚禁中长大，没有自己的后代。1914年9月1日下午1点，玛莎从她的栖木上掉了下来，再也没有爬起来——这是历史学家能够确定一个物种灭绝的确切时刻的罕见事件之一。)”阐述了这个物种的灭绝，故可推知，本文主要讲述了最后一只旅鸽的死亡和旅鸽灭绝的原因，以及人们对此的担忧。故选C。
D
Survivor bias (偏见，偏差), occurs when you tend to assess successful outcomes and disregard failures. This sampling bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality.
Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters, it feels natural to emphasize success, whether it’s entrepreneurs, or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures.
Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well.
Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.
Undeniably, successful cases are usually more visible and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and disregarding other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions.
To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.
12. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Making comparisons. B. Giving examples.
C. Describing facts. D. Analyzing data.
13. What may occur if you have a survivor bias
A. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis.
B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project.
C. You will only have partial data and reach an incorrect conclusion.
D. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances.
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. People tend to lose sight of the overall statistics.
B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories.
C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples.
D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school.
15. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias
A. Leave out the famous historic cases.
B. Collect a wide enough range of samples.
C. Focus on those most mentioned examples.
D. Select some successful and inspiring tales.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幸存者偏见现象和存在的原因，以及幸存者偏见的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. (想想马克·扎克伯格、史蒂夫·乔布斯和比尔·盖茨等著名的大学辍学生，他们都取得了巨大的成功。这些成功的例子可能会让你认为大学学位并没有什么好处。然而，这是幸存者偏见在起作用！这些名人都是媒体报道的热点人物。你会听到更多关于他们的消息，因为他们是非凡的。你没有考虑到其他数百万既不富有也不出名的大学辍学生。你也需要评估他们的结果。)”和第四段“Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. (幸存者偏见甚至出现在关于严重疾病的医学研究中。更年轻、更健康、更健康的患者往往更容易在疾病的最初诊断中存活下来。因此，他们更有可能加入医学研究。相反，年龄较大、身体较弱的患者不太可能存活足够长的时间来参与研究。因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人。)”可知，两个段落用举例说明幸存者偏见现象和原因。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. (毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据。不完整的数据会影响你的决策过程。简单地说，幸存者偏见会产生不准确的样本，导致你得出不正确的结论。)”可知，如果你有幸存者偏见，你只会得到部分数据，得出错误的结论。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well. (你会听到更多关于他们的消息，因为他们是非凡的。你没有考虑到其他数百万既不富有也不出名的大学辍学生。你也需要评估他们的结果。)”和第四段“Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis. (因此，这些研究高估了成功的疾病结果，因为它们不太可能包括那些在诊断后不久死亡的人。)”由文章第五段中“After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions. (毕竟，你漏掉了一个重要的部分，因为很难从人口中不太成功的成员那里收集数据。不完整的数据会影响你的决策过程。简单地说，幸存者偏见会产生不准确的样本，导致你得出不正确的结论。)”可知，人们往往忽视了总体统计数据。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.(为了尽量减少幸存者偏见的影响，你应该想办法从人群中抽取一个有代表性的样本，而不仅仅是几个成功的样本。这个过程可能需要更多的花费和努力，但你会得到更好的结果。)”可知，作者建议读者收集足够广泛的样本从而避免幸存者偏见。故选B。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2. 5 分, 满分 12. 5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. ___16___People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
___17___One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. ___18___There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings. ___19___This is expensive and has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. ___20___And it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.
A. It’s certain that economic growth contributes a lot to our society.
B. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.
C. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
D. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
E. Weather conditions, on the contrary, remains the same.
F. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected.
G. What’s more, to produce economically practical energy, people unavoidably have to transform natural site.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么经济发展无法避免环境破坏的原因。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. (自文明开始以来，人类就一直在努力提高生活水平。无论是过去还是现在，提供食物和保障都是一个人的基本任务。)”和后文“People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. (人们不仅需要一些基本的东西，比如一块面包和一个栖身之所，而且还需要各种设施和奢侈品。)”可知，此处是指人们需要的用于生活保障的东西比以前多得多，所以选项C“然而，如今所需商品的范围已经大大扩大了。”切合文意。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage. (问题是，我们今天使用的常见能源会造成污染，因此经济增长几乎不可避免地与环境破坏联系在一起。)”和后文“One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. (其中之一是，为了生产更多的商品和产品，需要建设大型工厂。)”可知，此处是介绍经济增长的哪些方面会影响环境，所以选项D“经济增长的某些方面会影响环境。”切合文意。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据后文“There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings. (也有所谓的环保能源。它们有时是首选，但用它们代替传统来源也需要时间，在此期间人们不得不做出一些牺牲来支持这些事业。)”可知，此处是指传统能源会对环境产生很大的污染，所以选项B“目前普遍使用的传统能源被认为是最大的环境污染者。”切合文意。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据后文“This is expensive and has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. (这是昂贵的，对环境有有害的影响。例如，风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度，这就是气流在穿过风车后强度下降的原因。)”可知，此处是指产生经济的能源需要改变自然，所以选项G“更重要的是，为了生产经济实用的能源，人们不可避免地要改造自然场地。”切合文意。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据前文“For example, application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. (例如，风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度，这就是气流在穿过风车后强度下降的原因。)”和后文“And it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. (重要的是要记住，环境和天气条件直接受到大气压力的影响。)”可知，此处是指气流的强度下降会导致大气压力的变化，所以选项F“因此，这种电流所带来的压力平衡将受到影响。”切合文意。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Patrick, Scheels store’s fishing manager, always helps customers with their angling (垂钓) needs, but one ___21___ stood out.
One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn. Patrick noticed his eye were filled with ___22___ about the world of fishing. For nearly half an hour, they ___23___ their shared passion.
Brynn shared the ___24___ of Xander’s connection to angling, explaining, “My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him. So over the last year, he’s been ___25___ grandpa, wishing he could go fishing with him.”
___26___ by Xander’s longing for a connection to his late grandfather, Patrick decided to take action and ___27___ Xander his first fishing pole. “It was sixty dollars and he bought it with his own money,” Xander said. This ___28___ gesture brought tears to Brynn’s eyes, and she acknowleged that such acts of kindness aren’t ___29___ .
However, Patrick’s generosity didn’t ___30___ here. The 22-year-old fishing enthusiast went a step further by ___31___ a memorable fishing trip for Xander and his family. To ___32___ that Xander had an enriching experience, two professional anglers from Scheels ___33___ him on the trip, offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills.
Patrick’s kindness was ___34___ a breath of fresh air for Xander and his family, who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime ___35___ . “I felt like it was my due diligence to pass on the good word of fishing,” Patrick said.
21.
A. argument B. journey C. adventure D. encounter
22
A. curiosity B. nervousness C. concern D. regret
23.
A. debated over B. bonded over C. stuck to D. turned to
24.
A. wisdom B. evidence C. significance D. definition
25.
A. missing B. blaming C. admiring D. persuading
26.
A. Annoyed B. Touched C. Amused D. Surprised
27.
A. gifted B. lent C. showed D. made
28.
A. ambitious B. strange C. genuine D. urgent
29.
A. practical B. avoidable C. secure D. common
30.
A. root B. stop C. appear D. reach
31.
A. recording B. postponing C. organizing D. canceling
32.
A. reveal B. stress C. prove D. ensure
33.
A. accompanied B. monitored C. assessed D. sponsored
34.
A. possibly B. initially C. truly D. mainly
35.
A. deal B. experience C. task D. performance
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。帕特里克是谢尔斯商店的钓鱼经理，他遇到了因为思念去世的爷爷而对钓鱼充满热情的赞德，帕特里克被赞德对爷爷的思念感动了，他把自己的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德，并为赞德和他的家人组织了一次难忘的钓鱼之旅，这让赞德和他的家人充满了感激。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克是谢尔斯商店的钓鱼经理，他总是帮助顾客满足他们的钓鱼需求，但有一次遇到了特别的问题。A. argument争论；B. journey旅行；C. adventure冒险；D. encounter邂逅，偶遇。根据后文“One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn.(一天，一个名叫桑德的小男孩和他的母亲布琳一起走进了商店。)”可知，此处是指一次邂逅非常特别。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克注意到他的眼睛里充满了对钓鱼世界的好奇。A. curiosity好奇；B. nervousness紧张；C. concern担忧；D. regret遗憾。根据后文“their shared passion(他们共同的热情)”可知，此处是指他的眼睛里充满了对钓鱼世界的好奇。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在将近半个小时的时间里，他们因为共同的激情拉近了距离。A. debated over对于……争论；B. bonded over因共同经历或兴趣建立联系；C. stuck to坚持；D. turned to向某人求助。根据“their shared passion”可知，此处是指因为共同的激情拉近了距离。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：布林分享了赞德与钓鱼的联系的意义，她解释说：“我的父亲是一名渔民，去年去世了，但赞德从来没有和他一起去钓鱼。所以在过去的一年里，他一直很想念爷爷，希望能和他一起去钓鱼。”A. wisdom智慧；B. evidence证据；C. significance意义；D. definition定义。根据“My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him.”可知，此处是指赞德与钓鱼的联系的意义。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：布林分享了赞德与钓鱼的联系的意义，她解释说：“我的父亲是一名渔民，去年去世了，但赞德从来没有和他一起去钓鱼。所以在过去的一年里，他一直很想念爷爷，希望能和他一起去钓鱼。”A. missing思念；B. blaming责备；C. admiring钦佩；D. persuading劝说。根据“wishing he could go fishing with him”和“My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him”可知，此处是指他一直很想念爷爷。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动，帕特里克决定采取行动，并将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。A. Annoyed恼怒的；B. Touched感动的；C. Amused愉悦的；D. Surprised惊讶的。根据“by Xander’s longing for a connection to his late grandfather”和“Patrick decided to take action”可知，此处是指被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被赞德渴望与已故祖父建立联系的愿望所感动，帕特里克决定采取行动，并将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。A. gifted赠送；B. lent借给；C. showed展现；D. made制作。根据后文“Patrick’s generosity(帕特里克的慷慨)”可知，此处是指将他的第一根鱼竿送给了赞德。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个真诚的举动让布琳热泪盈眶，她承认这样的善举并不常见。A. ambitious野心勃勃的；B. strange奇怪的；C. genuine真诚的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“brought tears to Brynn’s eyes”可知，此处是指这个真诚的举动。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个真诚的举动让布琳热泪盈眶，她承认这样的善举并不常见。A. practical实际的；B. avoidable可避免的；C. secure安全的；D. common常见的。根据“she acknowleged that such acts of kindness”可知，此处是指她承认这样的善举并不常见。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，帕特里克的慷慨并不止于此。A. root生根；B. stop停止；C. appear出现；D. reach到达。根据后文“The 22-year-old fishing enthusiast went a step further(这位22岁的钓鱼爱好者更进一步)”可知，此处是指帕特里克的慷慨并不止于此。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位22岁的钓鱼爱好者更进一步，为赞德和他的家人组织了一次难忘的钓鱼之旅。A. recording记录；B. postponing推迟；C. organizing组织；D. canceling取消。根据“a memorable fishing trip for Xander and his family”可知，此处是指为赞德和他的家人组织了一次难忘的钓鱼之旅。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验，两名来自Scheels的专业垂钓者陪同他一起旅行，提供指导并教他宝贵的技能。A. reveal揭露；B. stress强调；C. prove证明；D. ensure确保。根据“that Xander had an enriching experience”和“offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills”可知，此处是指为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确保赞德有一个丰富的体验，两名来自Scheels的专业垂钓者陪同他一起旅行，提供指导并教他宝贵的技能。A. accompanied陪伴；B. monitored监控；C. assessed评估；D. sponsored赞助。根据“offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills”可知，此处是指两名专业垂钓者陪同他一起旅行。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克的好意对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气，他们把这次钓鱼之旅描述为一生一次的经历。A. possibly可能地；B. initially起初；C. truly真正地，完全地；D. mainly主要地。根据“who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime”可知，此处是指帕特里克的好意对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕特里克的好意对赞德和他的家人来说真的是一股清新的空气，他们把这次钓鱼之旅描述为一生一次的经历。A. deal交易；B. experience经历；C. task任务；D. performance表演。根据“who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime”可知，此处是指他们把这次钓鱼之旅描述为一生一次的经历。故选B。
非选择题部分
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Gansu Jiandu (简牍) Museum in northwest China’s Gansu Province on Sunday launched four online exhibitions related to the ancient Jiandu culture.
“Jiandu” refers to the bamboo and wooden slips on which ancient Chinese people wrote ___36___ (use) ink and brushes before the invention of paper. Since 1907, over 80,000 slips ___37___ (unearth), in Gansu province, ___38___ is particularly abundant in bamboo and wooden slips, contributing to our understanding of ancient Chinese culture and knowledge. These artifacts hold significant historical, scientific, and ___39___ (art) value.
Additionally, the exhibitions feature high-resolution ___40___ (image) of the museum’s cultural artifacts, accompanied by detailed text and voice explanations ___41___ (help) audiences gain a deeper understanding of the items ___42___ display, said Xu Rui, the museum’s deputy curator. The digital exhibitions also include interactive experiences such as riddle challenges and Jiandu-making games, aiming to attract young visitors, Xu said.
Distinguished as China’s only provincial-level museum focusing on bamboo and wooden slips, the Gansu Jiandu Museum boasts ___43___collection of nearly 40,000 such slips ___44___ (date) back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) and Western Jin Dynasty (265-317). In addition, it ___45___ (house) more than 10,000 other artifacts, including paper, textiles, woodenware, lacquerware (漆器) and ironware.
【答案】36. using
37. have been unearthed
38. which 39. artistic
40. images 41. to help
42. on 43. a
44. dating 45. houses
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了甘肃简牍博物馆的四个网上展览。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“简牍”指的是中国古代人在纸发明之前用墨水和毛笔在竹木片上写的文字。定语从句“on which ancient Chinese people wrote ___ (use) ink and brushes before the invention of paper”的谓语为wrote，此处应用非谓语动词，且people与use“用”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填using。
【37题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自1907年以来，甘肃省出土了8万多张简牍，其中竹简和木简尤其丰富，有助于我们了解中国古代文化和知识。unearth意为“使出土，挖掘”，是动词，由时间状语Since 1907可知，此句时态用现在完成时，且主语slips与unearth为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，且slips是复数，助动词用have。故填have been unearthed。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：自1907年以来，甘肃省出土了8万多张简牍，其中竹简和木简尤其丰富，有助于我们了解中国古代文化和知识。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Gansu province，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些文物具有重要的历史、科学和艺术价值。根据句意可知，此处指“艺术价值”，用形容词修饰名词value，art意为“艺术”，是名词，其形容词是artistic，意为“艺术的”。故填artistic。
【40题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：此外，博物馆副馆长徐睿表示，这些展览还展示了博物馆文物的高分辨率图像，并配有详细的文字和语音解释，以帮助观众更深入地了解展出的物品。 image意为“图像”，是可数名词，此处不是单指一个图像，所以用复数形式。故填images。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，博物馆副馆长徐睿表示，这些展览还展示了博物馆文物的高分辨率图像，并配有详细的文字和语音解释，以帮助观众更深入地了解展出的物品。本句谓语为feature，此处应用非谓语动词，且the exhibitions与help“帮助”为主动关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式，作目的状语。故填to help。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：此外，博物馆副馆长徐睿表示，这些展览还展示了博物馆文物的高分辨率图像，并配有详细的文字和语音解释，以帮助观众更深入地了解展出的物品。on display意为“展出”，是固定短语。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：作为中国唯一一家专注于竹简和木简的省级博物馆，甘肃建都博物馆收藏了近4万件竹简，可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221-207年)和西晋(265-317年)。collection意为“收藏品”，是可数名词，此处泛指“一批收藏品”，所以用不定冠词，collection是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中国唯一一家专注于竹简和木简的省级博物馆，甘肃建都博物馆收藏了近4万件竹简，可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221-207年)和西晋(265-317年)。date back to意为“追溯到”，是固定短语。本句谓语为boasts，此处应用非谓语动词，且a collection of nearly 40,000 such slips与date back to为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填 dating。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，它还收藏了一万多件其他文物，包括纸张、纺织品、木器、漆器和铁器。house意为“收藏”，是动词，分析句子结构可知，此句缺少谓语动词，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填houses。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，你参加了本学期学校组织的“校园微农场”项目。请为校英文报写一篇稿件，内容包括：
1. 你的体验。
2. 你的期待。
注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
My Campus Micro Farming Experience
I’ve been an active participant in this semester’s “Campus Micro Farm” project. From planting seeds to witnessing the fruits of our labor, the hands-on experience enriched my knowledge of soil quality, proper watering techniques, and the life-cycle of various plants. It not only enhanced my understanding of agriculture, but also provided an excellent platform for collaboration and teamwork.
Looking ahead, I hope to see more workshops and professional guidance integrated into the project. This will not only deepen our understanding but also provide us with valuable insights into sustainable farming practices. I anticipate the steady growth of our crops and the project and ourselves.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生参加了本学期学校组织的“校园微农场”项目，要求考生就此为校英文报写一篇稿件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
积极的：active→ energetic
学期：semester→ term
增强：enhance→ strengthen
提供：provide→ offer
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：It not only enhanced my understanding of agriculture, but also provided an excellent platform for collaboration and teamwork.
拓展句：Not only did it enhance my understanding of agriculture, but also it provided an excellent platform for collaboration and teamwork.
【点睛】【高分句型1】From planting seeds to witnessing the fruits of our labor, the hands-on experience enriched my knowledge of soil quality, proper watering techniques, and the life-cycle of various plants.（运用了动名词planting和witnessing作宾语）
【高分句型2】Looking ahead, I hope to see more workshops and professional guidance integrated into the project.（运用了现在分词短语Looking ahead作状语）
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband and I had purchased the piano so our son and daughter could take piano lessons. But I had a secret dream that I did not share with anyone: I wanted to learn to play the piano and so that I could sit on a piano bench and perform one day.
Days later, I passed our announcement board, which listed items for sale, various jobs, and at the bottom, someone was offering piano lessons.
My voice trembled (颤抖) when I called the number the next day. When the tutor named Melody learned that I was the student, she hesitated. She had never taught a busy adult learner, but she was willing to try if I was determined to learn.
When my first lesson ended as arranged, Melody opened the door to her next student, a six-year-old boy full of enthusiasm. Melody introduced us and told me his name was Jeff. “I’m going to learn to play the piano,” he told me. No doubts or insecurities got in the boy’s way. His enthusiasm struck me, and on my way home, I whispered, “I’m going to learn to play the piano.”
However, I wasn’t a star pupil. I didn’t have instant recall on how to read music. Getting both hands to cooperate was difficult and then I was introduced to the pedal (踏板). Maybe I had been just too psychologically stressed out. Consequently, Melody blamed me for not practicing enough. Therefore, I had to look at my tight schedule to see where I could make time to improve myself.
The following week, Melody told me I would need to participate in the December performance and that I had to play by memory. I would have one month to memorize two pieces and I hadn’t even seen them yet! I was in despair and wanted to give up. “It’s the conventional (依照惯例的) way,” Melody said to me in a firm voice, “and even Jeff is memorizing the pieces he is playing. Think why you came here!”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Her words suddenly had reminded me of my secret dream.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the day of the performance, I stepped slowly onto the stage.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Her words suddenly had reminded me of my secret dream. I had wanted to play the piano not just to accompany my children but to express myself and to share with them something special that only I could offer. I began to practice diligently. I set aside time every day to practice, even if it was just a few minutes. Gradually, the pieces began to sound more and more like music. I could feel the notes under my fingers and the rhythm in my heartbeat. The final test came.
On the day of the performance, I stepped slowly onto the stage. I took a deep breath, and then I began to play. The music flowed from my fingers and filled the room. I played with all my heart, all my passion, all my love for the piano. When the last note sounded, the room erupted into applause. I had done it! I smiled and bowed, feeling proud under the approval and encouragement of the audience. It was a moment of pure joy and triumph that I would remember for a lifetime.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者有一个秘密的梦想：学习弹钢琴。她终于鼓足勇气找到叫梅洛迪的家庭教师教授她钢琴课，但她的表现不佳。在得知还要在近期要参加演出时，作者打起了退堂鼓。老师梅洛迪问她为什么来这里。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她的话突然让我想起了我的秘密梦想。”可知，第一段可描写老师的话让作者记起了自己的初衷，她开始勤奋练习并取得巨大进步。
②由第二段首句内容“演出那天，我慢慢地走上舞台。”可知，第二段可描写作者忘情表演，演出成功。这成为作者铭记一生的喜悦和胜利的时刻。
2.续写线索：忆起初衷——开始苦练——小有成就——忘情表演——演出成功——铭记一生
3.词汇激活
行为类
①表达：express/voice
②提供：offer/provide
③突然爆发：erupt into/burst into
情绪类
①勤奋地：diligently/industriously
②喜悦：joy/delight
【点睛】[高分句型1] I set aside time every day to practice, even if it was just a few minutes.(运用了even if引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] When the last note sounded, the room erupted into applause.(运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] It was a moment of pure joy and triumph that I would remember for a lifetime.(运用了关系代词that引导定语从句)试卷类型：A
2023-2024 学年度上学期期末模拟考试
高三英语
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 个小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter. Students at the university automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
Opened in 1900, this library is part of the University of Manchester, one of the top five universities in the UK. This library offers limitless research potential for students. Whether you want to make use of the rich collections available, or simply explore the site, this library should be on everyone’s must-see list.
The Mitchell Library, Glasgow
The Mitchell Library is one of Glasgow’s most famous landmarks. On the top of the copper dome (圆屋顶) is a bronze statue of the Roman goddess, Minerva. Visitors can climb the dome for the city’s most distinctive rooftop views.
1. Which library requires a reading pass to enter the reading room
A. The British Library. B. The Mitchell Library.
C. John Rylands Library. D. Bodleian Old Library.
2. At the Mitchell Library, tourists can .
A. join research groups
B. admire Gothic architecture
C. enjoy Glasgow’s rooftop views
D. refer to Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook
3. In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A. Culture. B. Fashion. C. Science. D. Entertainment.
B
A brilliant theoretical physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer was tapped to head up a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, as part of U.S. efforts to develop nuclear weapons. He succeeded — but would go on to advocate against developing even more powerful bombs.
Born in New York City in 1904, Oppenheimer studied theoretical physics at both Cambridge University and the University of G ttingen in Germany, where he gained his doctorate at age 23. Soon the young physicist “Oppie” rubbed shoulders with the greatest scientific figures of his age, and his academic work advanced quantum theory and predicted everything from the neutron to the black hole.
After the United States joined the Allies in 1941, Oppenheimer was asked to participate in the top-secret Manhattan Project, whose aim was to develop an atomic weapon.
On July 16, 1945, Oppenheimer and others gathered at the Trinity test site south of Los Alamos for the world’s first attempted nuclear blast. Conducted in secret, the test worked. On August 6 and August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped two of the bombs Oppenheimer had helped develop over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On the night of the Hiroshima bombing, Oppenheimer was cheered by a crowd of fellow scientists at Los Alamos, and declared that his only regret was that the bomb hadn’t been finished in time to use against Germany.
Twenty years after the attacks on both cities in Japan, Oppenheimer appeared in a 1965 NBC News documentary called The Decision to Drop the Bomb. “We knew the world would not be the same,” he said onscreen. “A few people laughed; a few people cried. Most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture (印度梵经), ‘Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.’ I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.”
However, Oppenheimer opposed America’s attempts to develop a more powerful hydrogen bomb. Did he really live to regret helping develop the atomic bomb No one knows. He doesn’t come into easy categories of pro-nuclear, anti-nuclear or anything like that. He’s a complicated figure.
4. What does the underlined phrase “rubbed shoulders with” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Thought highly of. B. Spent time with.
C. Taken the place of. D. Made trouble with.
5. What do we know about Oppenheimer according to the passage
A. He got his doctor’s degree in the year 1930.
B. The atomic bomb he developed first struck Nagasaki.
C. He felt guilty when the bomb caused numerous deaths.
D. He was firmly against developing the hydrogen bomb.
6. What’s the writing pattern of the passage
A. News. B. Fiction.
C. Biography. D. Journal.
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Controversial Man behind the Atomic Bomb
B. The Most Brilliant Physicist in the 20th Century
C. How Oppenheimer Rewrote the History of WWII
D. How Oppenheimer Developed the Atomic Bomb
C
The most beloved bird in history may very well have been a 29-year-old pigeon by the name of Martha. It was the early 1900s, and Martha was at the height of her fame. Perched on her humble roost at the Cincinnati Zoo, she was an object of fascination to the thousands of visitors who lined up just to catch a glimpse. Martha may not have looked the part of an animal celebrity, but she was hardly average—in fact, she was the very definition of one of a kind. After the death of her companion George in 1910, Martha had become the world’s last-living passenger pigeon.
There was a time not long before when her kind accounted for more than a quarter of the birds in North America and may have been the most abundant bird species on the planet. Passenger pigeons used to travel at 60 miles an hour in flocks a mile wide and 300 miles long. Witnesses compared them to a train rumbling through a tunnel.
Ironically, the passenger pigeons’ very abundance may have spelled their doom. An agricultural pest and reliable source of protein, they became easy targets for hunters who killed them in the tens of thousands. In a matter of decades, a bird that once numbered in the billions was reduced to a few, and then, eventually, to one.
Martha, who’d grown up in captivity, had no offspring of her own. At 1 p.m. on September 1, 1914, Martha fell from her perch, never to rise again—one of the rare occasions in which historians could identify the exact moment of a species’ extinction.
Of course, the real tragedy was that the loss of the passenger pigeon was neither surprising nor unique. For as long as the Earth has sustained life, it has also seen the permanent disappearance of life forms, the dinosaurs being a particularly extreme example. But Martha’s high-profile death trained national attention on an alarming new trend. Close to a thousand animal species alone have died off in the last 500 years, and the trend is only getting worse.
8. What caused the extinction of passenger pigeons
A. The loss of their habitats. B. The worsening of global warming.
C. The burning of fossil fuels. D. Their nutritional value and threat to farming.
9. Why are dinosaurs mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To illustrate we can do nothing to stop species extinction.
B. To show the extinction of a certain species is not a rare case.
C. To explain human activities are to blame for species extinction.
D. To stress immediate measures should be taken before it is too late.
10. What is the author’s attitude towards the new trend of species extinction
A. Optimistic. B. Confused. C. Relieved. D. Concerned.
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The most beloved bird George died.
B. Birds are the best friends of human beings.
C. The tragic loss of the last passenger pigeon.
D. The most abundant bird species are endangered.
D
Survivor bias (偏见，偏差), occurs when you tend to assess successful outcomes and disregard failures. This sampling bias paints a more promising or even misleading picture of reality.
Survivor bias is a sneaky problem that tends to slip into analyses unnoticed. For starters it feels natural to emphasize success, whether it’s entrepreneurs, or survivors of a medical condition. We focus on and share these stories more than the failures.
Think about the famous college dropouts who became highly successful, such as Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, and Bill Gates. These successful examples might make you think a college degree isn’t beneficial. However, that’s survivor bias at work! These famous individuals are at the forefront of media reports. You hear more about them because they are extraordinary. You’re not considering the millions of other college dropouts that aren’t rich and famous. You need to assess their outcomes as well.
Survivor bias has even occurred in medical studies about severe diseases. Younger, healthier, and more fit patients tend to survive a disease’s initial diagnosis more frequently. Hence, they are more likely to join medical studies. On the contrary, older, weaker patients are less likely to survive long enough to participate in studies. Consequently, these studies overestimate successful disease outcomes because they are less likely to include those who die shortly after diagnosis.
Undeniably, successful cases are usually more visible and easier to contact than unsuccessful cases. However, focusing on the high-performing successes and disregarding other cases introduces survivor bias. After all, you’re leaving out a significant part of the picture as it’s harder to collect data from the less successful members of a population. Incomplete data can affect your decision-making process. Put simply, survivor bias produces an inaccurate sample, causing you to jump to incorrect conclusions.
To minimize the impact of survivor bias, you should find ways to draw a representative sample from the population, not just a few of successful samples. That process might call for more expense and effort, but you’ll get better results.
12. What writing technique is used in Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Making comparisons. B. Giving examples.
C. Describing facts. D. Analyzing data.
13. What may occur if you have a survivor bias
A. You will take all factors into account before making a final analysis.
B. You will overestimate the failure rate so you may quit your project.
C. You will only have partial data and reach an incorrect conclusion.
D. You will be more likely to survive in unfavorable circumstances.
14. What can we infer from the passage
A. People tend to lose sight of the overall statistics.
B. People are unwilling to read unsuccessful stories.
C. Doctors don’t have enough expense to collect abundant samples.
D. The media should be responsible for kids’ dropping out of school.
15. What does the author suggest readers do to avoid survivor bias
A Leave out the famous historic cases.
B. Collect a wide enough range of samples.
C. Focus on those most mentioned examples.
D. Select some successful and inspiring tales.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2. 5 分, 满分 12. 5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. ___16___People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
___17___One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. ___18___There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings. ___19___This is expensive and has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. ___20___And it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.
A. It’s certain that economic growth contributes a lot to our society.
B. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.
C. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
D. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
E. Weather conditions, on the contrary, remains the same.
F. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected.
G. What’s more, to produce economically practical energy, people unavoidably have to transform natural site.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Patrick, Scheels store’s fishing manager, always helps customers with their angling (垂钓) needs, but one ___21___ stood out.
One day, a young boy named Xander entered the store with his mother, Brynn. Patrick noticed his eye were filled with ___22___ about the world of fishing. For nearly half an hour, they ___23___ their shared passion.
Brynn shared the ___24___ of Xander’s connection to angling, explaining, “My dad, a fisherman, passed away last year, but Xander never got to go fishing with him. So over the last year, he’s been ___25___ grandpa, wishing he could go fishing with him.”
___26___ by Xander’s longing for a connection to his late grandfather, Patrick decided to take action and ___27___ Xander his first fishing pole. “It was sixty dollars and he bought it with his own money,” Xander said. This ___28___ gesture brought tears to Brynn’s eyes, and she acknowleged that such acts of kindness aren’t ___29___ .
However, Patrick’s generosity didn’t ___30___ here. The 22-year-old fishing enthusiast went a step further by ___31___ a memorable fishing trip for Xander and his family. To ___32___ that Xander had an enriching experience, two professional anglers from Scheels ___33___ him on the trip, offering guidance and teaching him valuable skills.
Patrick’s kindness was ___34___ a breath of fresh air for Xander and his family, who described the fishing trip as a once-in-a-lifetime ___35___ . “I felt like it was my due diligence to pass on the good word of fishing,” Patrick said.
21.
A. argument B. journey C. adventure D. encounter
22.
A. curiosity B. nervousness C. concern D. regret
23.
A. debated over B. bonded over C. stuck to D. turned to
24.
A. wisdom B. evidence C. significance D. definition
25.
A. missing B. blaming C. admiring D. persuading
26.
A. Annoyed B. Touched C. Amused D. Surprised
27.
A. gifted B. lent C. showed D. made
28.
A. ambitious B. strange C. genuine D. urgent
29.
A. practical B. avoidable C. secure D. common
30.
A. root B. stop C. appear D. reach
31.
A. recording B. postponing C. organizing D. canceling
32.
A. reveal B. stress C. prove D. ensure
33.
A. accompanied B. monitored C. assessed D. sponsored
34.
A. possibly B. initially C. truly D. mainly
35.
A. deal B. experience C. task D. performance
非选择题部分
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Gansu Jiandu (简牍) Museum in northwest China’s Gansu Province on Sunday launched four online exhibitions related to the ancient Jiandu culture
“Jiandu” refers to the bamboo and wooden slips on which ancient Chinese people wrote ___36___ (use) ink and brushes before the invention of paper. Since 1907, over 80,000 slips ___37___ (unearth), in Gansu province, ___38___ is particularly abundant in bamboo and wooden slips, contributing to our understanding of ancient Chinese culture and knowledge. These artifacts hold significant historical, scientific, and ___39___ (art) value.
Additionally, the exhibitions feature high-resolution ___40___ (image) of the museum’s cultural artifacts, accompanied by detailed text and voice explanations ___41___ (help) audiences gain a deeper understanding of the items ___42___ display, said Xu Rui, the museum’s deputy curator. The digital exhibitions also include interactive experiences such as riddle challenges and Jiandu-making games, aiming to attract young visitors, Xu said.
Distinguished as China’s only provincial-level museum focusing on bamboo and wooden slips, the Gansu Jiandu Museum boasts ___43___collection of nearly 40,000 such slips ___44___ (date) back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) and Western Jin Dynasty (265-317). In addition, it ___45___ (house) more than 10,000 other artifacts, including paper, textiles, woodenware, lacquerware (漆器) and ironware.
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，你参加了本学期学校组织的“校园微农场”项目。请为校英文报写一篇稿件，内容包括：
1. 你的体验。
2. 你的期待。
注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband and I had purchased the piano so our son and daughter could take piano lessons. But I had a secret dream that I did not share with anyone: I wanted to learn to play the piano and so that I could sit on a piano bench and perform one day.
Days later, I passed our announcement board, which listed items for sale, various jobs, and at the bottom, someone was offering piano lessons.
My voice trembled (颤抖) when I called the number the next day. When the tutor named Melody learned that I was the student she hesitated. She had never taught a busy adult learner, but she was willing to try if I was determined to learn.
When my first lesson ended as arranged, Melody opened the door to her next student, a six-year-old boy full of enthusiasm. Melody introduced us and told me his name was Jeff. “I’m going to learn to play the piano,” he told me. No doubts or insecurities got in the boy’s way. His enthusiasm struck me, and on my way home, I whispered, “I’m going to learn to play the piano.”
However, I wasn’t a star pupil. I didn’t have instant recall on how to read music. Getting both hands to cooperate was difficult and then I was introduced to the pedal (踏板). Maybe I had been just too psychologically stressed out. Consequently, Melody blamed me for not practicing enough. Therefore, I had to look at my tight schedule to see where I could make time to improve myself.
The following week, Melody told me I would need to participate in the December performance and that I had to play by memory. I would have one month to memorize two pieces and I hadn’t even seen them yet! I was in despair and wanted to give up. “It’s the conventional (依照惯例的) way,” Melody said to me in a firm voice, “and even Jeff is memorizing the pieces he is playing. Think why you came here!”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Her words suddenly had reminded me of my secret dream.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the day of the performance, I stepped slowly onto the stage.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
