(共24张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
新 课 导 入
In our daily life, we have many ways to learn English or get information in English. Can you list some
watch English movies
watch English TV plays
read English magazines /newspapers
listen to English programs/songs
课 堂 学 习
1.According to Chart 1, which language has the largest number of native speakers
Chinese has the largest number of native speakers.
Starting out
According to Chart 2, which language has the largest number of learners
English has the largest number of learners.
2.What can you learn from Chart 3 Why do you think many people in China learn English
It tells us the number of English learners in China is increasing.
How to read a chart
The title of a chart will tell you what the chart is about.
Know clearly about what different color blocks represent (代表).
Compare the figures.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1.Which countries mentioned in the video have English as their first language
2. Where do a third of English words come from
What examples are given in the video
More than a third of English words come from French, such as fruit, table, crocodile, invasion.
The UK, Ireland, the USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.
Understanding ideas
1 Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Tick what you think the passage is about.
food
cooking
words
plants
fruit
Neither Pine
nor Apple
in Pineapple
2 Read the passage and check your answer to Activity 1.
1 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
2 For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we' re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
3 If "hard"is the opposite of "soft", why are "hardly"and "softly"not an opposing pair If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
4 When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say "it's raining"or "it's snowing". But when we see sunshine, we can't say "it's sunshining".
5 Even the smallest words can be confusing.When you see the capitalized "WHO" in a medical report,do you read it as the "who" in "Who's that " What about "IT" and "US"
6 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out,and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off !
7 English was invented by people,not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch,it starts,but when I wind up this passage,it ends.
food
cooking
words
plants
fruit
Check your answer to Activity 1
Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage.
1. To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
2. To give advice on how to learn English.
3. To show that English is interesting and creative.
4. To explain how English was created.
Para.1
no in eggplant
no ham in ____________
Neither pine nor apple in ____________
老婆饼
鱼香肉丝
egg
hamburger
pineapple
creative
interesting
4 Complete the notes with words from the passage.
In order to support his idea, the author uses many examples that show the ___________ madness of English.
unique
Para.2
sculpt a .
paint a .
But .
the car / taxi
the train / bus
sick at sea
sick in the air
sick in a car
But sick at home
sculpture
painting
take a photo
(derived from the verbs)
in
on
(use different prepositions)
seasick
airsick
carsick
homesick
(the same way of expression but different meanings)
Para.3
“Hard” is the opposite of “ ”
“Hardly” and “softly” are not an pair
“ ” is the opposite of “harmful”
Shameful and shameless _____________ are the same
soft
opposing
Harmless
(the same prefixes but different meanings)
behaviors
Para.4
When we see rain or snow, we can say
“ ” or “ ”
But when we see we can’t say “ ”.
it’s raining
it’s snowing
sunshine
it’s sunshining
The sun is shining.
(Some nouns can be used as verbs, some can’t)
Para.7
Stars are out - They are .
Lights are out - They are .
I wind up my watch - It .
I wind up the passage - It .
visible
invisible
starts
ends
(the same words but different meanings)
Para.6
burn up = burn .
fill in a form = a form
down
fill out
(some set phrases have the same meaning but are used with the opposite adverbs or prepositions)
The reason is that English was invented by people, and it ___________ the creativity of the human race.
reflects
5 Read the following information and answer the questions.
1.How did pineapples, hamburgers and eggplants get their names
The word “pineapple” developed from the Spanish word “pina”, which means pine cone when it came to England, “ apple” was added to show it is a kind of fruit.
The origin of “hamburger” was a hard beef steak called “ Hamburg steak” , eaten without bread. Later, people reinvented it and called it “hamburger”.
Eggplants used to be smaller and yellow or white. They looked a bit like eggs, which led to the name “eggplant”.
2.Does the information give you a better understanding of the passage Give your reasons.
1.Do you agree with the author’s opinion about the English language Give your reasons.
2. What do you find most challenging about learning English How do you deal with this
Think Share
Recall what you have learned from the chart on P13 and figure out the main idea of the text on P14~15.(共23张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
Can you guess the meanings of these expressions Have a try!
church mouse
Now I am as poor as a church mouse.
我现在真是一贫如洗啊。
dog day
The dog days will arrive soon. We’d better install an air conditioner.
三伏天就要来了，我们最好装一个空调。
go bananas
The drugs have made him go bananas.
毒品使他神魂颠倒。
课 堂 学 习
1 Read the following expressions and guess their meanings.
What’s up
ring a bell
small potatoes
(What’s going on )
(to sound familiar)
(something unimportant or insignificant)
toilet water
at sixes and sevens
green fingers
pull up one’s socks
(a light perfume that does not have a very strong smell)
(in a confused, badly-organised, or difficult situation)
(natural ability in growing plants)
(to make an effort to improve your work or behaviour because it is not good enough)
2 Read the passage and find the words or expressions that caused the misunderstandings.
1 What English expressions caused misunderstandings
2 What were their puzzles accordingly
Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. We didn’t expect to get so many posts! Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
366
325 comments
share
favourites
So many likes
and comments
Yancy
Sophie
Julien
Zheng Xu
People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. One day, a different teacher took our class. He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat. Poor Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
Yancy
Misadventures in English
English expressions:
Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat.
Puzzle:
People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. But why did she try to eat such a big frog
Reason:
Her throat was unable to speak clearly for a short time because her throat is dry or blocked.
Yancy
Sophie
When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where the shoe section was. She said that it was on the first floor. So I went up to the first floor, but couldn't find any shoes. I decided to leave. When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor Why did she give me the wrong information X-(
English expressions:
She said the shoe section was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor, but couldn’t find any shoes.
Puzzle:
Why did she give me the wrong information
Reason: The first floor is
(British English) the floor of a building above the one at ground level;
(American English) the floor of a building at ground level.
Sophie
I've got an English penfriend, who I finally got to meet in London this summer. He had told me that his grandfather was "really wicked". But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot. I found it very odd. Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
Julien
wicked
English expressions:
My English penfriend had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”. But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot.
Puzzle:
Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
Reason:
morally wrong and intending to hurt people; (informal) very good, fantastic
Julien
wicked
The British must have really high standards.I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back,I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” Not bad But there weren’t any errors in my paper. :-(
Zheng Xu
Not bad
English expressions:
I knew I had done a good job on my first English paper and was looking forward to getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back ,I found my teacher had written the comment ”not bad!”
Puzzle:
But there weren’t any errors in my paper.
Reason:
pretty good, better than you expected
Zheng Xu
Not bad
3 Read the definitions of the words and expressions that caused the misunderstandings. Match the definitions to the posts.
Sophie’s post
Zheng Xu’s post
Yancy’s post
Julien’s post
a (British English) the floor of a building above the one at ground level;
(American English) the floor of a building at ground level
b pretty good, better than you expected
c unable to speak clearly for a short time because your throat is dry or
blocked
d morally wrong and intending to hurt people; (informal) very good,
fantastic
Think Share
1.Which post do you find most interesting Why
2.How would you deal with the situations described in the posts
3.What examples of Internet language are used in the passage
What do they mean
4.Do you know of any Chinese expressions that often cause misunderstandings for people from other countries Share them with the class.
4. Work in pairs. Retell the situations in the four posts.
Who
Where
What happened
Post 1
Yancy
At a summer school
He is confused about why his English teacher was absent from the class because of having a frog in her throat.
Yancy
Who
Where
What happened
Sophie
At a shopping centre in New York
She was confused about why she was told the shoe section was on the first floor,while it was on the ground floor.
Sophie
Post 2
Who
Where
What happened
Julien
At his friend’s home in England
He found it odd that his friend described his grandfather as wicked while he was nice and easy to get along with.
Julien
Post 3
Who
Where
What happened
Zheng Xu
At a university in British
He had no idea why his teacher had written the comment “not bad” since his paper was fully prepared and had no errors
Zheng Xu
Post 4(共24张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 2
Grammar & Vocabulary
新 课 导 入
pineapple
basketball
butterfly
butter
fly
mooncake
moon
cake
课 堂 学 习
REVIEW： Word formation
a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b … sculpt a sculpture…
c When we… see rain…, we can say “it’s raining”…
d WHO
d
c
b
a
1 abbreviating 缩写
2 changing the part of speech 词性
3 adding a prefix 前缀 or suffix 后缀
4 combining two or more words
Look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage.
Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
abbreviating
combining two or more words
adding a prefix or suffix
Word Formation
IT, US
It’s snowing.
changing the part of speech
hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
paint – painting,
soft – softly,
harm – harmless/harmful,
shame – shameless/shameful,
visible – invisible
合成法 combining two or more words
把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成一个新词,构词方法较灵活。合成词的意思通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。
1. 合成名词 news + paper = newspaper
hair + cut = haircut
2. 合成动词 sleep + walk= sleepwalk
over + look = overlook
3. 合成形容词 good +looking = good-looking
kind + hearted = kind-hearted
4. 其他合成词 every + one = everyone
through + out = throughout
忽视、俯视
遍及
构成方式 例词
名词＋名词 weekend周末
名词＋动词 daybreak黎明
名词＋动名词 handwriting书法
名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药
名词＋介词＋名词 mother-in-law婆婆
动词＋名词 typewriter打字机
动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室
形容词＋名词 freshman大一新生
副词＋动词 outlook景色，风光
介词＋名词 afterbrain后脑
合成名词
派生法
adding a prefix or suffix
在词根上加前缀或后缀，构成新词。前缀和后缀有一定的含义或功能，有助于推测新词的词义。
前缀 含义/功能 例词
dis- 不 disagree dislike
im-, in- 不 impossible inexpensive
inter- 在……之间 相互 international
interconnect
mis- 错误地 mislead misunderstand
non- 不，非 non-nuclear non-smoker
pre- 在……之前 preschool preview
re- 再，重新 retell rewrite
un- 不 unable unhappy
相互联系
国际的
派生法
adding a prefix or suffix
在词根上加前缀或后缀，构成新词。前缀和后缀有一定的含义或功能，有助于推测新词的词义。
后缀 含义/功能 例词
-er, -or （做某事）的人，……者 dancer actor
-ment 表示动作、状态、结果 arrangement development
-tion 表示结果 graduation pollution
-able 表示可……的 有……性质的 washable comfortable
-ful 表示有……性质的 充满……的 useful mouthful
-ous 表示有……特征的 dangerous nervous
-ly 表示方式 carefully quickly
满口的
构成n.的后缀
-er, -or, -ess, -ance, -sion, -ee, -ist, -ture, -ness, -ship, -ment, -tion
farmer professor actress importance discussion interviewee scientist furniture business friendship government education
wind- comfort-
nation- expense-
economy- nerve-
self- meaning-
windy
comfortable
national
expensive
economic
nervous
selfish/selfless
meaningful/less
构成adj.的后缀
-y, -ful, -less, -able, -ive, -al, -ic,
-ish, -ous, -ly, -ible
构成V.的后缀
-en
-fy
wide
simple
apology
-ize/-ise
widen
simplify
apologize
转化法 changing the part of speech
把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。转化后的词义可以通过原词义推断得出。
1. 动词转化为名词 Let’s talk about it.
I think we’d better finish the talk now.
2. 名词转化为动词 She gave me a glass of water.
You should water the flowers twice a week.
3. 形容词转化为名词 She is wearing a black dress.
The girl in black is very beautiful.
4. 形容词转化为动词 Tom is a brave man.
He always braves the difficulties in life.
谈话 n.
交谈 v.
给……浇水 v.
水 n.
黑色的 adj.
黑色 n.
勇敢的 adj.
勇敢地面对 v.
缩写 abbreviating
首字母缩写
ASAP – as soon as possible
WTO – World Trade Organization
单词截短
advertisement – ad
laboratory – lab
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example,l___________(a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and 2_____________(known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn't correct it's 3_________ , and if someone isn't happy they' re 4_________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns.For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5____________.
2.Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round.When we calm somebody down, they become 6__________. And we can give someone a present by 7____________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words:
"World Trade Organization" can be referred to as 8__________,and 9______________ is short for "as soon as possible"
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
3.Work in groups.Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.
abbreviating
changing the part of speech
adding a prefix or suffix
combining two or more words
√
like
Group A
Group B
unlike,dislike,likely,likelihood
unlike,dislike,likeness,likely,liking,unlikely
American and British English
4 Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.
AmE BrE
subway underground
highway motorway
theater theatre
gas petrol
apartment flat
elevator lift
Spelling
American English British English
color colour
organize organise
Vocabulary
Pronunciation
Grammar
garbage rubbish
cell phone mobile phone
on the weekend at the weekend
Do you have… Have you got…
/ ntr st / interesting / ntr st / interesting
/d ns/ dance /da:ns/ dance
Now complete the passage with the words above.
Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America's first dictionaries. He changed "-re"spellings to "-er", which is why 1__________ is spelt 2 __________ in American English.
theatre
theater
The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting 3__________ in their cars and driving along the 4 __________, whereas in the UK, people put 5 __________ in their cars and drive along the 6 __________.Americans take the 7 __________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the 8 __________.In the US, they take the 9 __________ but in the UK, people travel on the 10 ____________. Americans live in a(n) 11 __________,while the British live in a(n) 12 _______.
It's not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn't stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the "right" one!
gas
highway
petrol
motorway
elevator
lift
subway
underground
apartment
flat
5 Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English.Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.
second floor
/ first floor
bus/ coach
grain/ corn
fall/ autumn
rock/ stone
candy/sweets
flashlight/ torch
corn/maize(共11张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 3
Listening and speaking
新 课 导 入
Do you know the meaning of the following words
selfie
netizen
BTW
COZ
BBL
unfamiliar English expressions
a photo that you take of yourself
a citizen who use the Internet
by the way
because
be back later
课 堂 学 习
Unfamiliar English expressions
Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions include “ selfie”( a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen”( a citizen who uses the Internet).
Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB( be right back) , COZ( because) and G2G(got to go).
6 Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.
3 1 2
a
c
b
7 Listen again and complete the table.
Words Meaning Origin
dim sum a kind of traditional 1__________ from 2___________________
3________ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words 4_________ and 5__________
6________ a shorter way of saying 7_______________ from the Internet
Chinese food
the Guangdong dialect
cellfish
cellphone
selfish
LOL
“laugh out loud”
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words. Listen again if necessary.
Unfamiliar
English
expressions
How to ask for:
How to explain:
Unfamiliar
English
expressions
How to ask for:
1.Some what
2.What kind of food is that
3.What does it mean
4.I have no idea what she's talking about.
How to explain:
1.It’s a kind of...
2.It means...
3.It’s a shorter way of saying...
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words.Listen again if necessary.
8 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions.
Student A
Situation 1:
You are a waiter/waitress (student A) in a restaurant. You ask your customer (student B) whether he/she needs a doggy bag.
(Note：A “doggy bag” is a bag or box in which you take unfinished food home from a restaurant.
Useful expressions
Situation 1
1.It means…
2.You use it to…
3.I beg your pardon
4.What does ... mean
5.What's that for
6.When you say...you mean..., right
Student B
Situation 1:
You are asking for the bill in a restaurant. Student A, the waiter/waitress asks you if you need a doggy bag. You don’t know what it is and ask him/her to explain.
Useful expressions
Situation 2
1.I beg your pardon
2.What does ... mean
3.What's that for
4.When you say...you mean..., right
5.It means…
6.It’s a shoter way of saying...
7.You use it to...
Student A
Situation 2:
You see a sign in a supermarket saying “3 for 2”.You don’t know what it means and ask the shop assistant to explain.
Student B
Situation 2:
You are a shop assistant.A customer asks you what “3 for 2” means.
(Note: “3 for 2” means that if you buy two items,you get a third one for free.
8 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of expressions.
Work in pairs. Find new words and their meanings on the Internet, and have a similar conversation.
Learning to learn
Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in other forms of communication.It may be a quick and, to you,clear way to communicate,but before you use it,stop and think:who do you want to communicate with and why Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis you use are appropriate for the situation,and consider whether your readers will even know what you mean by BRB or COZ.
From this lesson, we know some of the lauguages on the Internet is different from the languages in our formal（正式的) communication. It may be a quick way to communicate.(共16张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
A toad in the hole
课 堂 学 习
Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
5 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1.Who were the people in the story
2.Where did the story take place
3.What happened
4.What caused the misunderstanding
1 They were a girl and her British host family.
2 It took place in the girl's British host family's home.
3 The boy told the girl that they were going to have toad-in the-hole for dinner. The girl wasn’t sure whether it would be a real toad in a hole.
4 The girl didn't know that “toad-in-the-hole ” is actually the name of a dish.
Write a paragraph to tell the story. Use the expressions in the box to help you.
Toad-in-the-hole
Toad-in-the-hole is a traditional British dish. It consists of sausages in a Yorkshire pudding mix, usually served with vegetables. The origin of the dish's name isn't quite clear, but a common explanation is that it gets its name because it resembles a toad sticking its head out of a hole.
背景信息
Last summer, I stayed with a British host family.One day, I was really surprised when Jeremy, the son of the family, told me that we would have toad-in-the-hole for dinner. I wasn’t sure whether we were going to eat a real toad in a hole. If so, how terrible! I joined them at dinner time with butterflies in my stomach. To my astonishment, a dish of sausages cooked in Yorkshire pudding (a mix that tastes a bit like pancakes) was served on the table, and it tasted delicious. It turned out that toad-in-the-hole is a typical dish for a British dinner, and there’s no toad! What an amazing experience! It was interesting to try such yummy food with a strange name.
Share your story with the class.
Presenting ideas
Talk about creative ways to learn English.
changing your mobile phone language to English
doing a voice-over for English language films
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
1 Work in groups. Talk about creative ways to learn English. List your ideas on a piece of paper.
2 Choose the most creative idea and prepare a short presentation following the steps below.Use the expressions in the box to help you.
Introduce the idea.
Explain why it is useful.
Describe what you should do.
Useful expressions
I think ... is the most creative idea.
It can help us...
At first,we can...
Then,...
3 Present your idea to the class.
I think watching English TV series is the most creative idea of learning English.
At first, we can practice listening when watching English TV series. The TV plays always happen in a situation so we can easily get what they may mean. Then, we can know some cultural backgrounds in the plays. The plays presents English natives’ daily life which is different from what we learn in class.
So I think we should watch English TV series to help us have a better understanding of English.
Sample
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or 3 (in need of improvement).
□ recognize differences between American English and British English
□ ask for and give clarification
□ write a story based on given pictures
□ notice and analyse specific language phenomena
□ be aware of cultural differences
2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following words and expressions:
title, behavior, unique, alarm, reflect, creativity, creative, type, unfamiliar, contact, organization, likely, subway, gas, petrol, apartment, flat, context, addition, resource, misadventure, remind, rather, comment, downtown, boot, entrance, section, exit, actually, downstairs, odd, negative, error, intend, informal, recognize, base, aware,come across, have a frog in one’s throat, burn up, burn down, wind up, be aware of
3 I still need to improve:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Choose an idiom you like best and write a situation on your own according to what we have learnt in this unit.
