(共24张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 2
Grammar & Vocabulary
新 课 导 入
Please find out the attributive clauses using “介词+关系代词” in the passage “Longji Rice Terraces” and translate them into Chinese.
1.These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
2.Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
龙脊梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民。
建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。
1.进一步了解定语从句的结构和表意功能，掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，并在真实语境中运用；
2.通过阅读语篇，了解并掌握描述地形地貌的词汇，能够从位置、特征等方面恰当、具体地描述地理景观。
课 堂 学 习
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Attributive clauses (3)
a … they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
b … these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.
1. What do “which” and “whom” refer to in each sentence
In sentence (a), “which” refers to “the areas”.
In sentence (b), “whom” refers to “the local people”.
2. Why do we use prepositions before “which” and “whom”
We use prepositions before “which” and “whom” because “which” and “whom” serve as the object of the action phrases that end with a preposition.
3. In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the meaning
Yes, because “in which” and “where” both mean “in the areas”.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
4. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
Sentences(a) and (b) both contain a clause defining a noun in the sentence. Sentences (c) and (d) are constructed with a pair of simple sentences, with one defining a noun in the other sentence in each pair.
c … they could increase the areas. They could grow crops in these areas.
d … these terraces still mean a lot to the local people. Traditions hold much value for them.
5. Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage
The author chooses to use sentences (a) and (b)
1) to create a closer link and connection between the item and the clause defining it.
2) to make the passage clearer.
3) to emphasize the item being defined.
Now look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
1. …what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature…
2. This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语
关系代词指人 介词 + whom
关系代词指物 介词 + which
a. The man by whom the thief was caught was a good policeman.
b. This is the reason for which I was praised by my chemistry teacher.
二、“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
1. 一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。
① Language is one of means by which people can communicate ideas and emotions with each other. (by means 为固定搭配，表示“通过某种手段”。)
② What is at issue is the extent to which exam results can reflect a student's ability.
(to the extent 为固定搭配，表示“在某种程度上”。)
2. 二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。
①There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting for an hour. (wait for sb 等候某人)
汤姆总算来了，我等了他一个小时了。
②Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking (talk to sb和某人交谈)
你认识那个刚才和我们老师交谈的女孩吗？
③My mother missed her best friend with whom she worked in her youth.
(work with sb和某人一起工作)
母亲很想念她最好的朋友，在年少时期，她们曾经一起工作过。
像look after, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
① This is the watch which I am looking for. (T)
This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
② This is the old lady whom Harold has taken care of. (T)
This is the old lady of whom Harold has taken care. (F)
补充拓展：
3. 三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
① He was educated at a local high school，after which he went on to Beijing University.
他在当地的一所高中上学，之后他继续在北京大学学习。
② Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he easily found a job in a big company.
艾瑞克接受了为期一年的电脑培训，之后他顺利在一家大公司找到了工作。
4.四特殊：介词of 常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”结构。
表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any；数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数)；数词＋名词；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half, a quarter。
① There are ten books on the reading list, three of which are my favourite.
阅读书单上有10本书，其中3本是我最喜欢的。
② The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，其中的80%销往国外。
③ There are two rooms facing the south, the smaller of which is my study room.
有两个朝南的房间，其中较小的那个是我的书房。
2 Connect the sentences with a preposition + whom/ which.
1. The Zhuang is an ethnic group. Its population is the largest of all ethnic groups in China.
The Zhuang is an ethnic group of which the population is the largest of all ethnic groups in China.
2. Guangxi is a province. The Longji Rice Terraces are located in it.
Guangxi is a province in which the Longji Rice Terraces are located.
3. I want to visit this cultural landscape. The title of UNESCO World Heritage Site was given to it in 2016.
I want to visit this cultural landscape to which the title of UNESCO World Heritage Site was given in 2016.
4. He is an expert on rice planting. The local Zhuang people have learnt a lot from him.
He is an expert on rice planting from whom the local Zhuang people have learnt a lot.
3 Complete the passage with a preposition + whom/ which.
Among the many beautiful treasures people can
receive from nature are natural dyes. The most
common natural source 1__________ natural dyes come is plants. Materials for making natural dyes can often be found in gardens 2_________ colourful flowers are planted. Other natural dyes are made from insects, sea creatures and mineral compounds.
from which
in which
Natural dyes are now returning to popularity, especially with artists and craftspeople. The reasons 3___________they prefer natural dyes are that the colours are brighter and can be kept longer. Natural dyes are also becoming more popular with consumers 4_________ caring for the environment is a priority. More and more people feel that by using natural dyes, we can remind ourselves of nature’s beauty and protect the natural world.
for whom
for which
Geographical features
4 Read the descriptions and match them with the pictures.
Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms. You can explore the Great Barrier Reef by visiting an underwater observatory.
Part of the Colorado River Basin, the Grand Canyon is a valley that is almost two kilometres deep. Tourists can stand on a narrow glass platform called the Skywalk to see the Grand Canyon.
Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world. The local people call it “the smoke that thunders”. The Victoria Falls Bridge connects the countries Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The English Channel separates England from France. These two countries are joined by the Channel Tunnel, a rail tunnel with a length of about 50 kilometres, most of which is under the sea.
reef
channel
tunnel
sea
basin
canyon
valley
waterfall
Words and expressions for geographical features
located off the coast…
…kilometres deep
separate…from…
with a length of …
Match the words and expressions to their Chinese meanings.
盆地
海峡
瀑布
大堡礁
山谷
海底隧道
峡谷
waterfall
channel
Channel Tunnel
valley
canyon
basin
the Great Barrier Reef
5 Complete the email with the words in bold in Activity 4.
From: Emma To: Jane Subject: Hello from Guizhou!
Hi Jane,
I'm now back in the hotel after a fantastic day exploring Huangguoshu National Park. The park is most famous for its 1____________. Check out this video that I made-it shows the water falling into the deep 2________ below.
Next week we are flying to the Turpan 3________ in Xinjiang, which is famous for its sweet grapes. I've heard that grapes are dried in drying houses to make raisins.The walls of the houses have a lot of holes in them to allow wind to pass through.How clever! We are also going to ride camels,"the ships of the desert". It sounds like I will be sailing on a(n) 4________ of sand!
See you soon.
Emma
waterfall
valley
Basin
sea
6 Work in pairs. Talk about other geographical features in the world.
Located in Northern Sichuan Basin, Jiuzhai Valley is
the kingdom of waterfalls and has Karst land forms
for which it is famous. Looking up at the sky, you
will be amazed to find a sea of clouds. Apart from
the breath-taking scenery, Jiuzhai Valley is home to nine villages and some unique wildlife. This wonderland is sure to attract more and more tourists to admire its beauty.(共22张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
1 b 2 c 3 b
1 Complete the quiz to see how much you know about British gardens.
British
gardens
What conclusions can you draw about the British gardening
British gardening has a long history.
British people have great passion for gardening.
British gardening is beneficial to biodiversity.
课 堂 学 习
2 Look at the title of the passage and the picture. Tick what you think is mentioned in the passage.
A Love of
Gardening
√
√
√
Now read the passage and check your answer.
1
"If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden." These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built.
________________________________________________________
Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have "green fingers", with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
2 _____________________________________________________________
Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest. Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
3 ___________________________________________________________
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.
4 _____________________________________________________________
What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things And if you’re in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden: "Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot grow."
What is a topic sentence
3 Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
a As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.
b But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
c For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world.
d This is what started the British love of gardening!
d
c
b
a
When there are beautiful and positive ideas in our minds, we will feel fulfilled , and won’t be easily influenced by negative thoughts and ideas.
Think Share
1 What do you think the sentence “Where you tend a rose…A thistle cannot grow” means
Gardening is good for the environment .
Gardening is good for people’s soul.
2. What are the benefits of gardening
good for the environment good for people’s soul
inspire healthy eating
teach responsibility
reduce stress
beautiful plants
pleasant smelling flowers
fresh fruit and vegetables
You can bring nature into your lives by gardening. Your garden is your own private world. You can plant beautiful flowers inside, grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions, or just sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world. While spending free time gardening, you will relax yourself and get close to nature.
2. In what ways do people bring nature into their lives
2. In what ways do people bring nature into their lives
As a nature photographer, you can take every opportunity to get outside and admire the natural world. While taking photos, you will not only enjoy the bright light and amazing colors: red rocks, green plants, blue-green waters and blue skies, but also be able to observe animals in their natural environment.
Besides, when getting close to nature, you will pay more attention to environmental issues. By posting your pictures online, you can make others aware of the environmental pollution. It is an influential way to draw public attention to the natural environment.
2. In what ways do people bring nature into their lives
4 Work in pairs. Act out an interview about gardening in Britain.
1 Read the passage again and find out important information.
2 Prepare questions for the interview. Use the information from the passage.
3 Decide the roles of interviewer and interviewee. Act out the interview.
Language points
1. expert adj. 内行的，专家的 n. 专家，行家
Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetabls to enter into competitions.
专业的园丁知道玫瑰生长的最佳位置,其他人则花费大量时间力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞争。
an expert at/on/in…… 在……方面的专家/ 行家
be expert at/in（doing） 在（做）……方面在行
a medical/technical /financial expert 医学/ 技术/ 金融专家
【知识归纳】
limited resources / time 有限的资源 / 时间
set a limit to/on…… 限制，控制
within（the）limits 不超出限度
limit...to... 把……限定在…… be limited to 限定在……
【知识归纳】
2. limited adj. 有限的
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。
【知识归纳】
3. rent v. 租用，租借；出租 n. 租金
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.
那些房屋没有外部空间的人们可以租用小块土地来种植作物。
(1) rent sth. from sb. 从某人那里租用某物
rent sth. out to sb. 把某物租给某人
(2) a month’s rent in advance 预付的月租金
a high/low/fair rent 高的/ 低的/ 合理的租金
for rent（尤用于告示）出租；招租
【易混辨析】rent，hire 与 employ
(1) rent “租用”，指长期租赁土地、房屋等；
(2) hire “雇用，租用”, 指按工作量或时间雇用人或租用物；
(3) employ “雇用”，指商店或公司长期雇用人。
【图解助记】
【知识归纳】
4. benefit n. 好处，益处 v. 使受益；得益于
What are the benefits of gardening 园艺的好处是什么？
be of benefit to...=be beneficial to... 对……有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
benefit sb./sth. 对某人/ 某事物有益
benefit from/by... 得益于……，从……中受益
beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的，有帮助的
Give a brief introduction about him or her.
Describe how he or she shows the love for gardening.
Do you know anyone who loves gardening (共19张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
新 课 导 入
视频：英国下午茶
1.深入了解英国人喜爱饮用水果茶和花果茶的传统；
2.通过本单元的学习，能够恰当地运用本单元所学谈论自己的理想居住地及生活方式。
课 堂 学 习
5 Read the passage and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs. With pleasant flavours and scents, and coming in a variety of colours, fruit and herbal teas make a nice change to traditional teas. Many people grow their very own tea gardens, in which they plant easy-to-grow herbs such as mint and lemongrass.
Flavours such as lemon and ginger have long been popular in the UK.However,recent years have seen more and more unusual flavours come onto the market.Fruit teas now include mango,strawberry,apple and pear.Herbal teas include blackberry leaf and dandelion.
Herbal tea has various health benefits.Many people enjoy herbal tea because it can have a positive effect on energy levels.If you need a good night's sleep, choose a tea that helps you relax.If you haven’t been feeling very well,drink some ginger tea to give your immune system a helping hand.Mint tea,meanwhile, is good for digestion.
Para.1
Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Para.2
Para.3
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.
However, recent years have seen more unusual flavours come onto the market.
Herbal tea has various health benefits.
Fruit and herbal teas
Their popularity
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Unusual flavours
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Health benefits
________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy-to-grow herbs.
mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion
It can help people relax. It can help people's immune systems. It can be good for digestion.
Make notes under the headings.
How to write a summary
连贯
简洁自然
6 Write a summary of the passage. Use the notes in Activity 5 to help you.
What should a good summary be like
A summary contains only the main ideas (usually from topic sentences)
A summary is written in your own words.
A summary should be in the form of one paragraph.
What kind of linking words can you use in a summary to connect the sentences
因果关系：so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result
条件关系：as(so)long as，on condition that，if，unless
并列关系：first，second，third... ； firstly，secondly，thirdly ； first，next，then... ； in the first place，in the second place... ； for one thing，for another thing...
转折关系：however，nevertheless，though，yet，otherwise
对比关系：on the contrary，in contrast，by contrast，in comparison，by comparison
层递关系：also，further，furthermore，likewise，similarly，moreover，in addition，what’s more
解释关系：for example，for instance，in fact，actually
总结说明：in conclusion，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word
Use the opposite way (正话反说)
Use words of similar meanings (同义替换)
Change the part of speech (词性转换)
Change the structure of a sentence (句型转换)
How to reconstruct/rewrite the topic sentences
It is difficult to find the correct way to raise a child.
正话反说 同义替换
difficult:
correct:
way:
raise a child:
How to rewrite the topic sentences
句型转换
You will find it challenging to bring up a child correctly and properly.
not easy/ hard/ challenging/ demanding
right/ proper/ suitable
method/ means
bring up a child
词性转换
It is challenging to find the suitable method of bringing up a child.
Fruit and herbal teas
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs. Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their own tea gardens. There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas, including traditional lemon and ginger,as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear,blackberry leaf and dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits. Some can help people relax, and some, like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion.
Sample:
7 Share your summary with the class.
Presenting ideas
in the mountains
in a jungle
out in the grasslands
You would most like to live…
on a tropical island
1 Work in groups. Look at the pictures and decide in which place you would most like to live.
2 Think about why you want to live there and make notes.
benefits of living there
disadvantages of living there
things you need to bring
how you deal with the local environment
…
3 Prepare a talk about your chosen place. Use the notes in Activity 2 and the expressions in the box to help you.
We think the best place to live in would be…
Although we like…, we prefer …
The problem with… is that…
The good thing about… is …
If we lived in…, we would miss…
I would love to have…
4 Present your talk to the class.
Reflection
After completing this unit, I can rate my performance 1(excellent), 2 (good) or 3 (in need of improvement).
describe natural landmarks
talk about advantages and disadvantages
write a summary using topic sentences
respect the traditions of different cultures
appreciate the wisdom of living in harmony with nature
I’ve learnt to make use of the following words and expressions: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I still need to improve:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Retell how to write a summary according to what we learnt today.(共20张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 3
Listening and speaking
新 课 导 入
视频：居住在零下60度的因纽特人，他们是怎么抗寒的？
1.通过完成听力活动，进一步熟悉涉及人与自然关系的一般性话题，并能够恰当地运用功能表达描述不同地区的生活方式，谈论其优势和不足；
2.能够思考人与自然的关系，认识到人尊重自然、合理利用与改造自然、与自然和谐相处的重要性。
课 堂 学 习
Life in different climate zones
Did you know
Around four million people live in the Arctic region, of whom around 170,000 are Inuit.
In the Arctic, the temperature can reach as low as -70℃.
The Arctic includes parts of eight countries:
Canada, Russia, the United States,
Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Sweden
and Finland.
a. a dog sled
b. a special house made of snow
c. a school bus
d. vegetables and fruit
e. a tourist ship
c
b
e
d
a
Making a prediction
What is it in each picture
7 Listen to a girl talking about Inuit life and identify the things that are mentioned.
c
b
e
d
a
b, d, e
8 Listen again and complete the table.
Inuit life Advantages Disadvantages
Housing Igloos are quite warm inside and it’s easy to find the 1___________________. Igloos can only 2_________ for around 50 days.
Food Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps our bodies strong so that we can 3____________. The 4____________ makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
Polar night It gives us more 5______ to be with our family and friends. Life can be 6________ sometimes.
Tourism It brings more money and 7________________. Our environment is being 8________.
building materials
be kept
fight the cold
cold weather
time
boring
job opportunities
polluted
Learning to learn
When you hear a word that you don’t recognise, don’t panic! Try to note down how it sounds, and keep listening. When you have finished listening, try to work out the meaning from the context of the word.
Listen again and identify the language the girl uses to discuss advantages and disadvantages.
My name’s Marly. I’m from an Inuit village in the far north of Canada. Our lives are closely connected to the natural world of the Arctic.
Although we live in regular houses, we stay in temporary shelters called “igloos” when we go hunting. Igloos are made of snow or ice. On the one hand, they’re quite warm inside and the building materials can be found everywhere. But on the other, they can only be kept for around 50 days.
We get our food from the nearby sea. Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps our bodies strong so that we can fight the cold. But the downside is that the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
It’s completely dark here for three months of the year, which is a period called “polar night”. So, life can sometimes be boring! But the good thing is, during that time the elders tell us stories about our people. It gives us more time to be with our family and friends.
Nowadays, ships bring tourists to the Arctic. The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job opportunities, but the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted.
One thing is for sure, though: no matter how things change, our traditions will remain an important part of our lives.
Useful expressions
On the one hand, ... But on the other, ...
But the downside is...
But the good thing is...
The advantage to this is..., but the disadvantage is...
9 Work in pairs. Talk about life in the tropics and the Arctic.
Students A:
You live in the tropics. Talk about your life with Student B from the Arctic.
Disadvantages of living in the tropics:
It can get too hot to go outside.
There are tropical storms.
Food can go bad quickly.
Advantages of living in the tropics:
It’s usually warm all year round.
It’s easy to grow food.
The jungles are full of beautiful plants and animals.
Students B:
You live in the Arctic. Talk about your life with Student A from the tropics.
Advantages of living in the Arctic:
The Northern Lights are amazing.
Food can be preserved for a long time.
It’s not too crowded.
Disadvantages of living in the Arctic:
It gets very cold and is dark during much of the year.
Fruit and vegetables don’t grow naturally.
Life can sometimes be boring and dull.
Useful expressions
This can only be a good / bad thing.
The upside / downside to this is...
The advantage / disadvantage is...
There are pros and cons to this.
Another good / negative aspect is...
Best / Worst of all, ...
Student A: I live in the tropics. On the one hand, it’s usually warm all year round. But on the other, it can sometimes get too hot to go outside, and even dangerous when the tropical storms hit, which can bring strong winds and heavy rain.
Student B: But it’s easy to grow food. Tropical fruit and vegetables are delicious.
Student A: Yes. Another good aspect is that the jungles are full of beautiful plants and animals. I heard you came from the Arctic. The Northern Lights are amazing, right I’ve seen it from the pictures.
Sample
Student B: Absolutely! The best time to see the Northern Lights is from August to April the next year, when it gets cold. But you know, this can be a bad thing. It’s very cold and dark during much of the year. Fruit and vegetables don’t grow naturally. Another negative aspect is that life can sometimes be boring and dull.
Student A: But the upside to this is that you have the natural refrigerator. Food can be preserved for a long time. You know food can go bad quickly in the tropics.
Student B: Yes. Best of all, it’s not too crowded in the Arctic. I enjoy peaceful life.
Student A: Every coin has two sides. There are pros and cons to our life in the Arctic and the tropics.
Student B: I can’t agree more.
10 Work in pairs. Talk about the differences between life in southern China and northern China.
Student A: Living in northern China, sometimes I really want to experience life in southern China, especially in winter, when it’s freezing cold and dry in our city.
Student B: Actually, this can be a good thing. We enjoy all sorts of winter activities, such as going skating, playing in the snow and so on.
Sample
Student A: It is said that people can usually swim outdoor in winter in southern China. How exciting!
Student B: But sometimes, it can get too hot in summer, and it rains a lot. We know that due to the geographical location and climate type, the main crop in southern China is rice. People there live on rice. Believe it or not, it will take you some time to get used to the food in southern China if you go there.
Student A: Yes. It’s quite different from us. Most of our northern Chinese prefer food made of flour.
Student B: Even the Chinese New Year celebration varies in southern and northern China. The New Year food, decorations as well as activities are all different.
Student A: One thing is for sure, though, no matter how different life is in the north and south China, we share the same root.
Student B: You said it! To tell the truth, I’d like to try different life in southern China too.
Summary
1. Learn more about the Arctic region.
2. Listen to a girl talking about Inuit life. Identify the language uses to discuss advantages and disadvantages.
3. Talk about life in the tropics and the Arctic.
4. Make a new conversation about the differences between life in southern China and northern China.(共34张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
新 课 导 入
Video: The Floating City
课 堂 学 习
Starting out
Venice is faced with the problems by water. Salt water is slowly damaging the bases of Venice’s buildings, making the city gradually sink. Floods also hit the city each winter, causing more problems.
1.What are the problems faced by Venice
1 Watch the video and answer the questions.
2. Are there any similar cities or towns in China Introduce one to the class.
2 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1.How does the natural environment influence the lives of the local people in each picture
2.What is the natural environment of your home town like How is your life influenced by it
Russia
United Kingdom
China
Myanmar
In Russia, it can get very cold with heavy snow in winter, so people live in houses with inclined roofs and wear thick clothes for outdoor activities.
In the UK, the mild climate and parks in towns and cities provide a pleasant natural environment in which people can relax and enjoy life.
In north-west China, the yellow earth is thick and compacted, so people build cave dwellings as their place of residence.
北京四合院
福建土楼
湘西吊脚楼
苏州水镇
In Myanmar, the climate is hot and humid and there are many rivers. Many people live in bamboo houses on stilts, which keep them above the water.
Understanding ideas
1 Look at the pictures and talk about what you know about the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups.
the Zhuang ethnic groups
Zhuang People
As one of the ethnic minority groups in China, the Zhuang ethnic group maily live in provinces of Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan, of which Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has the largest population of Zhuang people.
The Zhuang ethnic group has its own language, but most people use Han-Chinese characters.
The Zhuang people are good at both singing and dancing. The Zhuang nationality had already created their own style of dancing as early as the Tang Dynasty. They even have a singing festival every year.
The Yao Ethnic Groups
The Yao people inhabit Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Jiangxi in South China, mainly in Guangxi. The Yao people live maily in forests and mountains that are above 1000 meters in altitude.
The Yao people have their own language, but they also speak Chinese or Zhuang language, and they use the Chinese writing system.
Agriculture plays a central role in most places where the Yao people live. Self-sufficient natural economy dominates, with widespread family businesses, such as the handicraft industry, commerce and forestry.
The Yao people live on corn, rice and sweet potato and their daily meals include taro, millet and wheat. The Yao costumes show a variety of patterns, and reflect great skill.
Yao People
2 Read the passage and find out what problems the local people solved by working with nature.
Can you imagine the mountains wrapped in silver water shining the spring sun
spring
summer
Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
autumn
winter
During autumn, these same mountains are gold.
In winter the mountains are covered in sheets of white frost.
1 Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water,
shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the
mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
During autumn, these same mountains are gold,
and in winter they are covered in sheets of white
frost. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.
2 These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
3 So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
Longji Rice
Terraces
4 But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour. This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
5 Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.
Para 1:
Para 2:
Para 3:
Para 4:
Para 5:
the scenery/colours of terraces
the history of terraces
the reasons to build
the working principle
1. To increase the land areas to grow rice.
2. To prevent the soil from being washed away.
the meaning and influence of terraces today
Read the passage again and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Pay attention to the first and the last sentences of each paragraph.
What problems did the local people meet
Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.
Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
How did the local people solve the problems by working with nature
in harmony with nature
During the rainy season, rainwater moves down the mountains along hundreds of waterways that connect with each other and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour. This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
To praise the wisdom of the ethnic groups living in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
To explain how people worked in harmony with nature to create the Longji Rice Terraces.
To describe the beauty of the Longji Rice Terraces and to attract visitors to this scenic spot.
3 Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage.
4 Read the summary of the passage and correct four factual mistakes.
The Longji Rice Terraces were built by the local Zhuang ethnic group alone. Though there are many large, flat areas in the region, they built terraces on the mountains to have more areas to grow rice. The terraces are cleverly designed, and can wash away the shallow soil. There are hundreds of waterways, along which rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. Today, local people use modern methods to maintain the terraces, and they attract lots of visitors from all over the country.
The Longji Rice Terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people. Since there are few large, flat areas of land in the region, they built terraces on the mountains to have more areas to grow rice. The terraces are cleverly designed, and can hold the shallow soil. There are hundreds of waterways, along which rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. Today, local people use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces, and they attract lots of visitors from all over the country.
rainwater
mountain
terraces
water
heat
vapour
cloud
sun
fall down
turn into
form
5 Work in pairs. Read the passage again and find out the working principle of the Longji Rice Terraces. Then use the picture to retell the working principle in your own words.
A. The vapour forms clouds.
B. The sun heats the water.
C. The rain falls down onto the mountain terraces again.
D. Rainwater falls down the mountains and into the terraces.
E. The water turns into vapour.
F. The clouds form rain.
Put the steps into correct order.
1
4
2
3
5
6
Think Share
1.Why do the local people still keep their traditional way of growing rice
Because the knowledge is passed down through generations of families, and it suits the natural environment.
2.In what other ways do people live in harmony with nature Give examples.
Words and expressions
1. wrap v. 包，裹
① Harry bought a beautiful scarf for Julie and he wrapped it carefully in a lovely box.
哈里为朱莉买了一条漂亮的围巾，他把围巾仔细地包在了一个盒子里。
② Use a cloth to wrap up the wound. 用布把伤口包起来。
③ You can't wrap fire in paper. 纸包不住火。
2. sheet n. （冰或水等的）一大片；床单；一张
① A sheet of ice covered the road.
地面上覆盖了一层薄薄的冰。
② It's better to change the sheets regularly.
最好定期更换床单。
③ You can lay a sheet of newspaper on the floor.
你可以在地上铺一张报纸。
3. region n. 地区；区域
① the Arctic/tropical/desert, etc. regions
北极、热带、沙漠等地区
② The region is remarkable for its woodland scenery.
这个地区以森林景色著称。
③ South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the world.
南亚仍然是世界上经济最活跃的地区。
4. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away. (教材P63)
平坦的梯田能够储存雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/某物做某事
=stop sb/sth (from) (doing) sth
=keep sb/sth from doing sth
① He said this would prevent companies (from) creating new jobs.
他说这将使公司无法创造新的工作机会。
② Once I'm determined to do a thing, no one can stop me from doing it.
一旦我下决心做一件事情，没有人能够阻止我去做它。
③ I hope you will keep yourself from doing anything rash.
我希望你能克制自己不做任何鲁莽的事。
5. But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
(教材P63)但也许最令人惊叹的是人们与自然和谐相处建造这些梯田和种植水稻的方式。
harmony n. 融洽相处，和谐
harmonious adj. 和谐的，协调的
in harmony with 与……融洽；与……一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调，不一致
6. The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. (教材P63)
梯田设计巧妙，有数百条水道相互连接。
design vt. 设计；打算；意欲，意图 n. 设计；图案
designer n.设计者；设计师
be designed for/to do... 专为……设计的；目的是……
by design 有意地，故意地
7.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. (教材P63)
这些梯田还为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，其中一些鸟类和鱼类又以危害水稻作物的昆虫为食。
◆feed on(＝live on) 以……为食
◆harm vt.& n. 伤害，损害
harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的
harmless adj. 无害的
do...harm/do harm to... 对……有害
be harmful to... 对……有害处
【拓展】harm, hurt, injure, wound 词义辨析
hurt “弄疼，使受伤”，可指肉体上的伤害，更多用于情感上的伤害。
injure “使受伤，伤害”，尤其指在事故中受到的伤害。
harm “危害，使受伤害”，常用于抽象事物。
wound “伤害，使受伤”，主要用于刀、枪、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤。
Retell the working principle of the Longji Rice Terraces.
