Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 知识点归纳+单元训练人教版八年级英语下册（含解析）

Unit 2
知识点归纳
重点短语:
clean up by oneself cheer up
put off give out put on
used to give away take after
set up make a difference care for
come up with
语言知识归纳：
1. give out 分发，发放
【拓展】give构成的短语还有：
give away 赠给，赠送 give in 屈服，投降
give up 放弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等）
2.come up with 提出，想出
(1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于think of
I think she can come up with a good idea
(2)come up with还可表示 “赶上”,相当于catch up with.
We should study hard to come up with them
【例题】( ) We must _____a plan to improve your math.
A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up
3. I’v run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。
run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。
【拓展】run out of 还可表示“从……跑出来”。
Bill ran out of the room. Bill从房间里跑出来。
run构成的短语还有
run away 逃走 run after追赶
run into difficulties遇到困难
【例题】( ) When your money____, please come to me for some.
A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out
I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。
【辨析】take after 与look like
take after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。
The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。
look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。
The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。
The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座桥。
【拓展】take 构成的短语
take up take off take place
take one’s time take care
【例题】( ) -You’ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I ____my mother.
A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for
set up 创办，建立
set up 为副词短语，与start, establish同义
They’ve set up a company. 他们创办了一家公司。
与set 相关的短语还有：
set out 动身，开始（做某事）
set off 出发，引起，激发
You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky.
it是形式宾语
You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你让我有可能赶上其他人。
【例题】( ) He found ___hard to go to sleep with the light on.
A. it B. that C. he D. him
7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
make a big difference 意为“对……产生很大的影响”，difference在此为“影响”的意思。
【例题】( ) The heavy snow didn’t ___ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to
8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以为，认为
imagine （v.想象）→ imagination（n.想象）→ imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）
9.help... out 帮……克服困难，帮……分担工作
The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。
10.be excited about... 对……兴奋
I’m excited about the game of Li Na. 我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。
exciting 修饰物
重点语法：动词短语
动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：
(1) 动词+介词
这类动词短语主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。
这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
I’m looking for my pen. Don’t laugh at the poor man.
(2)动词+副词
这类动词短语有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out等。
这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在
副词前面。
Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up.
It took him two hours to work it out.
(3) 动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。
在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。
You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.
(4) 动词+形容词+介词
这类动词短语有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in,
be good at等。
单元训练
一、单项选择
1．He lacks the courage to speak in public. So all his friends encourage him ________ part in the speaking competition.
A．take B．taking C．to take D．took
2．Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again Stop being so ________!
A．funny B．foolish C．serious D．clever
3．Margaret is still trying ______ the Physics problem by herself in the classroom.
A．to work out B．working out C．to working out D．worked out
4．We were without electricity for two hours but it’s ________ again now.
A．on B．away C．off D．alone
5．All the students in Class Five ________ an English contest.
A．joined B．took part in C．attended D．take part
6．The teacher often warns us ______ tricks on our classmates.
A．don’t play B．not to play C．not playing D．not play
7．—What do you think of this plan
—This plan seems so perfect that we all ________ it.
A．agree on B．ask for C．talk about D．agree with
8．Though that old man lives ________, he never feels ________.
A．alone, alone B．lonely, lonely C．lonely, alone D．alone, lonely
二、短文填空
在空白处填写一个合适的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式完成短文。
I will introduce my friends’ plans for the future to you. I’m 9 outgoing girl and I like making friends. I have two pen pals from foreign countries.
Alice, a 20-year-old girl, lives in London, the UK. Both 10 her parents would like her to be a doctor when she 11 (grow) up. However, Alice thinks it’s boring to work in the hospital. She wants to be a professional(专业的) 12 (write) after she finishes university. She is good at writing and still 13 (keep) on writing even though she has to spend time on her schoolwork. She writes 14 (article) and 15 (send) them to magazines and newspapers. She expects to be another Mo Yan. 16 she doesn’t make sure if her dream can come true, she still tries her best.
Bob is from Pennsylvania, the USA, a state which becomes famous because of Kobe, a wonderful NBA star. Kobe is his idol. That’s why he hopes to become a basketball 17 (play). Bob is going to eat 18 (healthy) food so that he can be taller and stronger. Bob also plans to go to a basketball camp where he is able to practice basketball every day to improve his skills. He believes his dream can come true as long as he works hard.
What’s your plan for the future And how are you going to do that Please write to me and tell me about it.
三、选词填空
用方框里所给单词的适当形式填空。
on holiday, excited, tour, relax, French
19．Do you like food
20．I was to climb the Eiffel Tower.
21．I went to Paris last year.
22．I liked the boat in the West Lake.
23．Last Sunday, I stayed at home and myself.
四、补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: 24
B: I often go fishing in my free time. 25
A: I like playing basketball. There will be a basketball match in our school this Sunday afternoon. 26
B: Of course, I’d love to. I also like watching TV sports shows very much.
A: 27
B: Because I think they are interesting.
A: By the way, do you like watching talk shows
B: 28 . I think they are boring.
五、完形填空
It’s well known that New Year’s resolutions don’t have a high success rate(成功率). But why do people make 29 every year even though so few of them follow through
One reason is the idea of 30 . The beginning of a year gives people a fresh start. The idea of making themselves better is another 31 . Most people have a natural habit of self-improvement, and New Year gives 32 a special day to get ready for improvement.
Many people 33 making New Year’s resolutions can go as far back as Babylonian(巴比伦的) times. It’s said that Julius Caesar started the tradition 34 making resolutions on January 1st.
It’s 35 to make a New Year’s resolution. People keep making resolutions every year 36 they don’t always follow through in the end; but the fact is that they try to improve themselves and become better.
Some studies 37 making a New Year’s resolution could get people closer to their goals. One study found people who made resolutions were more 38 than those who had a goal and thought about it, but at last didn’t make a resolution.
29．A．predictions B．resolutions C．competitions D．preparations
30．A．starting B．improving C．meaning D．refusing
31．A．talent B．education C．service D．reason
32．A．it B．him C．them D．us
33．A．promise B．believe C．expect D．wonder
34．A．in B．on C．of D．for
35．A．good B．careless C．creative D．difficult
36．A．because B．or C．so D．though
37．A．showed B．chose C．discussed D．questioned
38．A．outgoing B．successful C．popular D．friendly
六、阅读理解
A Trip to Sunshine Island
Day 1 (Oct. 6)9:00 Meet at Red Star Airport →The Old Town →Great Bridge →The Historical House 12: 30 Lunch (The famous fish dinner) →Windmill Park →Turtle watching →Sunset on the beach 18:00 Dinner (Rice noodles) →Rainbow Bridge →Hotel Day 2 (Oct.7) 9:00 Breakfast (At a hotel) →Rose Mountain 12:30 Lunch (A BBQ) →Waterside Farm →Back 18:00 End at Green Bush Airport
Cost(费用): $200 each person PS1: If you book this trip before Farmers’ Harvest Festival (Sept. 23), you can get 20% off. PS2: Kids under 9 are free.
39．What will tourists have for supper on Day 1
A．Rice noodles. B．A BBQ. C．Fish. D．Some Bread.
40．What will tourists do after breakfast on Oct. 7
A．Visit Great Bridge. B．Climb Rose Mountain. C．Go to Waterside Farm. D．Go fishing.
41．Mr. Li will visit Sunshine Island with his parents. If he books the trip on Sept. 24, how much should he pay
A．$600. B．$160. C．$480. D．$900.
42．How will tourists leave Sunshine Island
A．By train. B．By boat. C．By plane. D．By coach.
43．What’ s the purpose(目的) of the text
A．To help people choose an interesting place. B．To give some funny facts about Sunshine Island.
C．To introduce a trip plan of Sunshine Island. D．To ask people not to travel.
Most children like the summer holiday. It is usually long. During the summer holiday, children like to have a good time outdoors (在户外).
Jimmy is a 15- year- old American boy. His summer holiday is coming. It is from July 1st to August 20th. He wants to travel. He usually travels in America, but this summer he wants to do something different. He learns a lot about China on the Internet, so he wants to take a trip to China. He also wants to learn about Chinese history, so he plans to visit Beijing and Xi’an. He is going to leave on August 3rd and take a plane to Beijing first. He plans to stay in the two places for 10 days. During these days, he plans to visit the Summer Palace, the Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑) and Huashan Mountain. He hopes he will have a great time in China. He can’t wait!
44．How long is Jimmy’s summer holiday
A．About 30 days.
B．About 40 days.
C．About 50 days.
D．About 60 days.
45．Jimmy usually takes a holiday ________ .
A．in America B．in China
C．at home D．in a library
46．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Jimmy plans to visit Xi’an first, then Beijing.
B．It’ll be Jimmy’s second time to go to China.
C．Jimmy takes a holiday every two years.
D．Jimmy is interested in Chinese history.
七、任务型阅读
阅读短文，根据短文内容完成句子，使句意完整、正确。
Kim made some New Year’s resolutions this year. First, she’s going to learn to play the piano. She’s going to take piano lessons and practice it every day. Next, she wants to get good grades. She’s going to study harder and she’s going to do all her homework before she watches TV. Finally, she wants to learn a new language. She’s going to buy some Japanese CDs and practice them at home.
Kim’s brother Danny made some New Year’s resolutions this year, too. He wants to become fit, so he’s going to exercise more and eat healthier food. He also wants to improve his English. He’s going to get a pen pal in the United States or Australia, and he’s going to write letters in English to his pen pal. When Danny grows up, he wants to be an engineer. So he’s going to work harder in his math and science classes.
47．Kim and Danny made some New Year’s this year.
48．If Kim wants to get good grades, she has to and do all her homework watching TV.
49．Kim is going to buy some Japanese CDs for .
50．Danny is going to do more exercise and eat healthier food to .
51．Danny is going to get a pen pal from the USA or Australia his English.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：他缺乏在公众面前讲话的勇气。所以他所有的朋友都鼓励他参加演讲比赛。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：你为什么再次熬夜到这么晚玩电脑游戏啊？不要再这样傻了。
考查形容词辨析。funny有趣的；foolish傻的，愚蠢的；serious严重的；clever聪明的。根据“Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again ”，可知熬夜玩电脑游戏是一种愚蠢的行为。故选B。
3．A
【详解】句意：Margaret仍然正在教室独自尽力解答物理难题。
考查不定式结构。try to do侧重努力，为了达到目的而努力；try doing只是一种新的尝试，不带明显的目的性。根据“the Physics problem by herself”可知，应是尽力解答出难题。故选A。
4．A
【详解】句意：我们停电了两个小时，但现在又有电了。
考查副词辨析。on开着地；away距离……有多远；off离开；alone独自。根据“We were without electricity for two hours but”及but表示转折可知，此处是指现在又有电了，表示已连接或处于工作状态中，用介词on，故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：五班的所有学生都参加了一场英语比赛。
考查动词（短语）辨析。joined加入，通常指加入俱乐部、组织等；took part in参加，通常是参加活动；attended参加，通常表示参加会议；entered进入，走进。根据“an English contest”可知，这是一场活动。故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：老师经常警告我们不要捉弄同学。
考查非谓语动词。warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”，故选B。
7．A
【详解】句意：——你觉得这个计划怎么样？——这个计划看起来太完美了，我们都同意了。
考查动词短语。agree on意为“一致同意”，ask for意为“要求”，talk about意为“谈论”，agree with意为“同意某人（的意见、想法等）”。根据“This plan seems so perfect that we all… it.”可知，计划看起来很完美，所以是一致同意了。故选A。
8．D
【详解】句意：虽然那个老人独自居住，但是他从不感到孤独。
考查形容词和副词的用法。alone单独地，副词，强调单独一人；lonely孤独的，形容词。根据“lives...”可知是自己一个人住，用alone；根据“feels...”可知是感到孤独，用形容词lonely。故选D。
9．an 10．of 11．grows 12．writer 13．keeps 14．articles 15．sends 16．Though/Although 17．player 18．healthier
【导语】本文作者介绍了两位朋友未来的计划。
9．句意：我是一个外向的女孩，我喜欢交朋友。根据“I’m...outgoing girl and I like making friends.”可知，此空缺冠词，为泛指，且outgoing为元音音素开头的单词，用冠词an，故填an。
10．句意：她的父母都希望她长大后成为一名医生。both of sb.“两者都”，固定搭配，故填of。
11．句意：她的父母都希望她长大后成为一名医生。根据“Both of her parents would like her to be a doctor when she...up.”可知，grow up“长大”。因为本句为时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，所以从句为一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用三单，故填grows。
12．句意：大学毕业后，她想成为一名职业作家。根据“She wants to be a professional(专业的)...after she finishes university.”可知，本空缺名词，writer“作家”符合题意，故填writer。
13．句意：她擅长写作，即使她不得不花时间在功课上，她仍然坚持写作。根据“She is good at writing and still...”可知，本句为一般现在时态，且主语she为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用三单，keep“保持”的三单形式为keeps。故填keeps。
14．句意：她写文章并将其发送到杂志和报纸上。因为article“文章”为可数名词，且前没有冠词，所以此空应填复数形式，故填articles。
15．句意：她写文章并将其发送到杂志和报纸上。and连接的动词时态相同，因为“writes”为三单形式，所以此空应填send“邮寄”的三单形式，故填sends。
16．句意：尽管她不确定自己的梦想能否实现，但她还是尽力了。根据“she doesn’t make sure if her dream can come true, she still tries her best.”可知，本句为让步状语从句，though和although均可引导让步状语从句，故填Though/Although。
17．句意：这就是他希望成为一名篮球运动员的原因。basketball player“篮球运动员”，固定搭配，故填player。
18．句意：鲍勃要吃更健康的食物，这样他才能更高更强壮。根据“Bob is going to eat...food so that he can be taller and stronger.”可知，此处应填healthy“健康的”比较级形式，意为吃更健康的食物，才能更高更强壮，故填healthier。
19．French 20．excited 21．on holiday 22．tour 23．relaxed
【解析】19．句意：你喜欢法国菜吗？根据“food”以及所给词可知是法国菜，French“法国的”。故填French。
20．句意：我很兴奋能爬上埃菲尔铁塔。根据“climb the Eiffel Tower”可知爬埃菲尔铁塔很兴奋，excited“兴奋的”。故填excited。
21．句意：去年我去巴黎度假。根据“went to Paris”可知是去巴黎度假，on holiday“度假”。故填on holiday。
22．句意：我喜欢西湖的游船。根据“the boat...in the West Lake”以及所给词可知是西湖上的游船，tour“游览”。故填tour。
23．句意：上周日，我待在家里放松了一下。根据“stayed at home...”以及所给词可知是待在家里放松，relax“放松”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填relaxed。
24．What do you often do in your free time 25．What/How about you 26．Would you like to see/watch it 27．Why do you like them 28．No. I don’t
【导语】本文是一篇对话，两人主要谈论了在空闲时间自己喜欢做什么。
24．根据“I often go fishing in my free time”可知此处询问对方在空闲时间做什么。故填What do you often do in your free time。
25．根据“I like playing basketball.”可知此处询问对方喜欢做什么，此处应询问“你呢”。故填What/How about you。
26．根据“Of course, I’d love to”可知此处询问对方想不想看篮球赛。故填Would you like to see/watch it。
27．根据“Because I think they are interesting”可知此处询问为什么喜欢看运动节目。故填Why do you like them。
28．根据“I think they are boring”可知此处作否定回答。故填No. I don’t。
29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．A 38．B
【导语】本文谈论的是新年决心的话题，分析了虽然下了决心而很少有人能做到的两点原因，追溯了新年下决心的起源，指出新年决心可以让人们更接近自己的目标。
29．句意：但为什么人们每年都要做决定，即使很少有人能做到？
predictions预测；resolutions决心；competitions竞争；preparation准备。根据“It’s well known that New Year’s resolutions don’t have a high success rate(成功率).”可知此处是说为什么要做决定，故选B。
30．句意：一个原因是有开始的意思。
starting开始；improving改进；meaning意义；refusing拒绝。根据“The beginning of a year gives people a fresh start.”可知应是说开始，故选A。
31．句意：使自己更好的想法是另外一个原因。
talent天赋；education教育；service服务；reason原因。根据“One reason is the idea of…”可知此处应是说另一个原因，故选D。
32．句意：新年给了他们一个特别的日子，让他们做好改进的准备。
it它；him他；them他们；us我们。根据“Most people have a natural habit of self-improvement, and New Year gives…a special day to get ready for improvement.”可知and连接并列结构，give的对象是前句的Most people，需用them代替，故选C。
33．句意：许多人相信制定新年计划可以追溯到巴比伦时代。
promise承诺；believe相信；expect期望；wonder想知道。根据“Many people…making New Year’s resolutions can go as far back as Babylonian(巴比伦的) times.”可知此处应是说人们认为，故believe“相信”，符合语境，故选B。
34．句意：据说尤利乌斯·凯撒在1月1日开始了制定新年计划的传统。
in在……里；on在……上；of……的；for为了。根据“Julius Caesar started the tradition…making resolutions on January 1st.”可知此处应是the tradition of“……的传统”，故选C。
35．句意：制定新年计划是很好的。
good好的；careless粗心的；creative有创意的；difficult困难的。根据“It’s…to make a New Year’s resolution”可知制定新年计划好的事情，故选A。
36．句意：人们每年都在做决定，尽管他们不总是坚持到底。
because因为，表原因；or或者，表选择；so所以，表结果；though尽管，表让步。根据“People keep making resolutions every year…they don’t always follow through in the end”可知此处是让步状语从句，需用though连接，故选D。
37．句意：一些研究显示新年决心可以让人们更接近自己的目标。
showed显示；chose选择；discussed讨论；questioned怀疑。根据“One study found people who made resolutions were more…than those who had a goal and thought about it, but at last didn't make a resolution.”可知此处应是说许多研究表明，故选A。
38．句意：一项研究发现，下定决心的人比那些有目标和思想但最后没有做出决心的人更成功。
outgoing外向的；successful成功的；popular流行的；friendly友好的。根据“making a New Year’s resolution could get people closer to their goals”可知此处应是说制定计划的人要比只是想的人要更成功，故选B。
39．A 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了去阳光岛旅行的计划，包括日程安排、旅游景点、食物、交通方式等信息。
39．细节理解题。根据Day 1 (Oct. 6)中“18:00 Dinner (Rice noodles)”可知第一天的晚餐是米线。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据Day 2 (Oct. 7)中“9:00 Breakfast (At hotel)→Rose mountain”可知10月7日早饭后的活动是爬玫瑰山。故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据“Cost: $200 each person”及“PS1: If you book this trip before Farmers’ Harvest Festival (Sept. 23), you can get 20% off.”可知在9月23日之前订票可享20%的折扣，李先生在9月24日订票，需全额支付，票价是每人200美元，故李先生和父母共支付600美元。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“→Back 18:00 End at Green Bush Airport”可知游客将乘飞机离开阳光岛。故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据标题“A Trip to Sunshine Island”及全文可知，本文主要是为了介绍去阳光岛旅行的计划。故选C。
44．C 45．A 46．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jimmy的暑期旅行计划。
44．推理判断题。根据“Jimmy is a 15- year- old American boy. His summer holiday is coming. It is from July 1st to August 20th.”可知Jimmy的假期从七月一日到八月二十日，所以判断他的假期共大约50天，故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据“He wants to travel. He usually travels in America”可知他通常在美国旅游，故选A。
46．推理判断题。根据“He also wants to learn about Chinese history”可知他想要了解中国的历史，所以推断他对中国的历史感兴趣，故选D。
47．resolutions 48． study harder before 49．practicing/learning Japanese 50．become/keep fit 51．to improve
【导语】本文主要讲述了Kim和Danny下了一些新年决心。
47．根据“Kim made some New Year’s resolutions this year.”及“Kim’s brother Danny made some New Year’s resolutions this year, too.”可知，他们两个今年下了一些决心。故填resolutions。
48．根据“She’s going to study harder and she’s going to do all her homework before she watches TV.”可知，如果Kim想要得到好的成绩，她应该更加努力学习，并且在看电视之前完成所有的作业。故填study harder；before。
49．根据“Finally, she wants to learn a new language. She’s going to buy some Japanese CDs and practice them at home.”可知，kim准备买一些日语CD在家练习日语，介词for后面用动名词形式。故填practicing/learning Japanese。
50．根据“He wants to become fit, so he’s going to exercise more and eat healthier food.”可知，Danny做运动和吃健康的食物是为了变得健康，动词不定式to do作目的状语。故填become/keep fit。
51．根据“He also wants to improve his English. He’s going to get a pen pal in the United States or Australia, and he’s going to write letters in English to his pen pal.”可知，他交笔友是为了提高英语水平。故填to improve。