课时作业(五) Unit 8 Part A Topic Talk
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Soda (苏打汽水), while sweet and inexpensive, may not be worth drinking. Sugary drinks can have many bad health effects, including a 26% greater risk of diabetes (糖尿病) for regular soda drinkers. And men drinking one can of sugary drinks per day have a 20% higher risk of having or dying from a heart attack than those who rarely drink them. The health effects of drinking soda also affect pre school children, heightening their chances of becoming obese at a very young age. According to Harvard School of Public Health, one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled (增至三倍) in the last 30 years. Should government get people to reduce their drinking of soda and sugary drinks due to health effects
People in San Francisco were given the opportunity to voice their opinion on Proposition E, which suggested a soda tax (税). The tax, which needed to pass with a two thirds majority, would have provided money for health and physical education programs, and the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks. Although San Francisco's Proposition E failed to be passed, Berkeley citizens succeeded in passing the nation's first ever sugary drink tax on their similar Measure D.
People who were for the tax hoped that the price of sugary drinks would discourage people from buying them. Mexico recently introduced a tax on drinks, which, though not well received by the public, was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought. After the tax was put into effect, Mexico's biggest soda production company's sales dropped by 6.4%.
People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks they wanted, without any additional taxes. Those who also disagreed were the market, the bar, and soda industries, which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost. And although the Proposition E tax money was supposed to go to city op erated programs, some citizens were doubtful about how well this plan would have been carried out.
1．Harvard School of Public Health found that in America ________.
A．soda drinkers doubled in recent 30 years
B．26% of children are suffering from diabetes
C．the number of obese children has increased greatly
D．young soda drinkers often suffer from heart attacks
2．What do we know about Proposition E
A．San Francisco citizens accepted it.
B．It was passed successfully in Berkeley.
C．It aimed to reduce the sales of sugary drinks.
D．It was meant to raise money for poor children.
3．According to the text, the tax in Mexico ________.
A.helped prevent people buying sugary drinks
B.greatly reduced the production of soda drinks
C.received a warm welcome from the local citizens
D．forced many soda production companies to close down
4．Those who were against the tax worried that it might ________.
A．not be carried out smoothly
B．affect their rights and interests
C．fail to achieve the expected goal
D．do no good to society or the economy
B
Everybody, at some point in his or her life, has experienced setbacks. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting lower marks even after hard work. How you get back up after being hit makes you successful.
Once, a young schoolboy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school, and then ran to school, and then ran for the joy of running. Later in college he was in the track team.
In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run—this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in oneself, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration (鼓舞人心的人) for many, and his story is brilliant evidence to show how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled on one, to the degree that death seems the preferable option.
5．What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn
A．Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.
B．There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.
C．Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.
D．Glenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body.
6．What do we know about Glenn
A．Glenn practiced walking in hospital.
B．Glenn won first place in the marathon.
C．Glenn organized a track team in college.
D．Glenn inspires people with his moving story.
7．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Strengthen Determination
B．Stand up after Failure
C．Go after Dreams
D．Face Difficulty Bravely
Ⅱ.完形填空
At 13, I read a magazine filled with all sorts of easy tips to go green. I started doing that __1__. I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited __2__ of fresh water.
My parents were also __3__ for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who __4__ rejected containers and used them for __5__， and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own __6__ to the coffee shop.
Later, I tried to let my __7__ flag fly! I either called out to whoever littered in public or collected magazines from my friends to __8__. Then the strangest thing happened: people started __9__ me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and __10__ paper back into the printer to make use of the other __11__. It's not that they were so __12__ about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.
I'm wild about environmental protection and would stand __13__， saying, “Yeah, this is what I'm into.” __14__ others don't share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means __15__ your example.
1．A.at times B．right away
C．after all D．at last
2．A.amount B．control
C．use D．flow
3．A.famous B．sorry
C．eager D．suitable
4．A.washed out B．took away
C．gave out D．threw away
5．A.collection B．show
C．storage D．decoration
6．A.drinks B．books
C．coins D．cups
7．A.noble B．high
C．ambitious D．green
8．A.recycle B．process
C．resell D．donate
9.A.serving B．copying
C．observing D．reminding
10.A.pay B．take
C．feed D．turn
11.A.sheet B．part
C．version D．side
12.A.curious B．concerned
C．optimistic D．serious
13．A.proudly B．politely
C．calmly D．patiently
14．A.Now that B．Even if
C．Unless D．Before
15．A.setting B．making
C．giving D．Following
课时作业(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有很多不利的影响，政府是否应该向碳酸饮料征税呢？
1．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。由第一段中的“one in three children in America are...in the last 30 years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发现美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。
2．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。由第二段中的“the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks”可知，对碳酸饮料征税，其目的是为了劝人们不要购买不健康的饮料。
3．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought...sales dropped by 6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收成功降低了碳酸饮料的销量。
4．答案与解析：B'推理判断题。由最后一段中的“were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks...additional taxes”和“which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost”可知，反对征税的人士担忧税收会损害他们的权力和利益。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述Glenn Cunningham在火灾中受了重伤后顽强幸存下来，并用自己的意志力克服困难，努力训练双腿，最终成为一名优秀的田径运动员的事迹，告诉我们：想要成功，你要在被打击后重新站起来。
5．答案与解析：B'考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“His mother was told that he was sure to die”和第三段中的“Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive”可知，医生认为Glenn幸存的可能性很小。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D'考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in oneself, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration (鼓舞人心的人) for many”可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励着人们。故选D。
7．答案与解析：B'考查主旨大意。通读全文并根据第一段最后一句可知，想要成功，你要在被打击后重新站起来。故本文最佳标题是B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者热衷环保的健康生活。
1．答案与解析：B'根据下文“I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn't have an unlimited __2__ of fresh water.”可推知，作者认为节约用水事关重大，于是立马行动。
2．答案与解析：A'作者意识到地球上的淡水资源总量是有限的。amount“数量”。
3．答案与解析：C'根据下文可知，作者的父母也加入进来，践行环保。be eager for“渴望”。
4．答案与解析：A'与空前的“reusing”呼应可推知，作者一家把遗弃的容器清洗后用来贮存(storage)。
5．答案与解析：C'参见上题解析。
6．答案与解析：D'根据空前的“carried our own bags to the grocery store”和作者一家的环保理念可推知，他们应该是带着自己的杯子去咖啡店。
7．答案与解析：D'根据上文“filled with all sorts of easy tips to go green.”可推知，之后作者试着把自己的环保理念传播给他人，故选D。
8．答案与解析：A'结合作者的环保理念并根据语境可推知，作者从朋友那里收集杂志，循环利用。
9．答案与解析：B'根据下文“One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights...make use of the other __11__.”可推知，作者的朋友开始效仿作者，加入环保行动。
10．答案与解析：C'根据空后的“paper back into the printer to make use of the other __11__”并结合语境可知，此处应是一种环保做法，即把纸重新放进打印机，使用纸的另一面(side)。feed“把……放进……”。
11．答案与解析：D'参见上题解析。
12．答案与解析：B'根据该句“It's not that...drawn to my confidence.”可推知，他们这样做并不是他们关注环境，而是被作者的信心吸引，与上文作者的朋友开始效仿作者，践行环保理念呼应。
13．答案与解析：A'根据上文中的“but they were drawn to my confidence”可推知，作者热衷环保，信心满满，并以此为傲。
14．答案与解析：B'根据语境可知，此处表示即使其他人不能分享你的热情，但他们将羡慕你的信心，并且想像你一样。
15．答案与解析：D'结合语境“they will envy your confidence and want to be like you”可推知，这意味着人们会被你的信心所感染，效仿你的环保行为。课时作业(六) Unit 8 Part B Lesson 1 The Last Leaf
阅读理解
A
Most parents realize that a diet of soda and candy isn't a healthy choice, but what should they do if their children are picky eaters who prefer sugary food but refuse fruit and vegetables or just skip meals There are ways to help kids eat healthily and avoid involving many fights at the dinner table.
Jane E. Brody wrote an article for TheNewYorkTimes in August 2015. The title of the article is “Another Approach to Raising Healthy Eaters”. In this article, she shares her experience as a child who was a picky eater. She provides some useful views for parents who have children that are very picky about what foods they will eat.
It turns out that demanding that a child eat something doesn't really work well. The command to “clean your plate” can end up teaching children that it is normal to continue eating after their stomach is full. This habit may continue into adulthood, and can lead to overweight bodies or food disorders.
Instead, parents can try other methods that might actually influence their children to try new foods. One very simple method is to offer your children a small amount of newly introduced food. A large amount can seem intimidating (令人生畏的). One or two bites might feel less scary to try.
Another really easy thing parents can do is to read the ingredients (成分) on food instructions. You might be surprised by the kinds of food that have some form of sugar added to them. One way to be a healthier eater is to reduce the amount of sugar a person eats. Read the ingredient labels, and pick a product that doesn't have extra sugar added. Start making your own type of your child's favorite foods at home instead of buying processed ones, which can enhance their interest in home made food. Consider organic foods over the popular, well known foods that are full of sugar.
Sometimes, all it takes to get a child to eat healthily is to offer a food in a different way. Kids that hate raw cauliflower (菜花) might eat it after the vegetable is roasted. It is possible to turn a head of cauliflower into rice. It looks the same and your child may not notice the difference between it and real rice.
1．What do we know about Jane E. Brody
A．She wrote a book to help kids eat less.
B．Her article for TheNewYorkTimes was written in winter.
C．She shared some methods with parents having picky children.
D．Her experience as a picky eater once made her parents annoyed.
2．The command to clean one's plate usually ________.
A．doesn't work at all
B．leads to children's stomachache
C．ends up with children's hating eating
D．gets children into a bad eating habit
3．What can parents do if they want their children to try a new food
A．Offer a small amount of it.
B．Give all of the food to them.
C．Tell them the ingredients in it.
D．Reduce the amount of sugar in it.
4．Which of the following can help your kid become a healthy eater
A．Making him eat up all food.
B．Only eating organic foods.
C．Buying processed foods.
D．Eating less sugar.
B
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50 kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
5．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
6．What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
7．What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions.
B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.
D．Doing regular exercises.
8．Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
C
In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the first time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her.
Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help.
Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200，000 participants find a new friend. On the day when Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3，000 participants. “This was around the time when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it，” she said.
One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15 year old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman. “Sometimes it's frustrating because people don't think what I do is needed or they don't think I'm professional，” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20 year old girl is running this and that it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project.”
9．Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project
A．To treat her mental disease.
B．To know what causes mental illness.
C．To help her friend to fight the mental disease.
D．To cure those with mental disease.
10．What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．Americans pay little attention to mental health.
B．Many Americans have trouble with mental health.
C．Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients.
D．Buddy Project can cure those with mental disease.
11．What problem did Frost face
A．She couldn't get support from her mother.
B．She couldn't help so many patients at a time.
C．She wasn't able to attract enough participants.
D．She wasn't thought well of because of her age.
12．How do most people feel about young Frost's running the project alone
A．Completely defeated.
B．Totally convinced.
C．Strongly impressed.
D．Fully satisfied.
课时作业(六)
阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大多数父母都知道苏打水和糖果不是健康的选择，但如果孩子挑食、吃甜食、拒绝水果和蔬菜，他们该怎么办呢？本文为父母介绍了几条可以帮助挑食的孩子们吃得健康，而且可以避免在餐桌上发生争吵的建议。
1．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第二段中的In this article, she shares her experience as a child who was a picky eater.可知，她在自己的书中和有挑食习惯的孩子的父母分享了一些方法。
2．答案与解析：D'细节理解题。根据第三段中的The command to “clean your plate”．..and can lead to overweight bodies or food disorders.可知，清空盘子的指令最终可能会教导孩子们在吃饱后继续吃东西，这种习惯延续到成年可能导致身体超重或饮食失调。因此，清空盘子的指令通常会让孩子们养成坏的饮食习惯。
3．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。根据第四段中的One very simple method is to offer your children a small amount of newly introduced food. A large amount can seem intimidating (令人生畏的). One or two bites might feel less scary to try.可知，如果父母想让孩子尝试一种新食物，应该给他们一次提供较少的量。
4．答案与解析：D'细节理解题。根据第五段中的One way to be a healthier eater is to reduce the amount of sugar a person eats.可知，成为一个更健康的饮食者的一个方法是减少糖的摄入量。
B
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主题语境是人与社会，主题语境内容是竞走运动。文章介绍了竞走运动的特点及其利弊。文章旨在培养学生了解运动，认识体育，积极、科学地参加体育活动的品质。
5．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么竞走运动员是受制约的运动员？根据文章的第二段可知，竞走运动有非常特殊的动作要求，所以C项(他们不得不遵守特别的规则)正确。A：他们必须跑长距离；B：他们有跑马拉松的资格；D：他们善于摆腿。
6．答案与解析：D'细节理解题。本题题干意为：和跑步相比，竞走有什么优势？根据文章最后一段的第一句可知，一些和跑步相关的身体损伤，如膝盖损伤，在竞走中就不常见，故D项正确。A：它在奥运会中更受欢迎；B：它对身体的要求更小；C：它对健身更有效果。
7．答案与解析：A'细节理解题。本题题干意为：Norberg博士对想尝试竞走的人的建议是什么？根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句话可知，博士认为，任何一个想尝试竞走运动的人都要先向教练或有经验的竞走运动员学习正确的技巧。故A项正确。B：做医疗检查；C：雇一个有经验的教练；D：经常锻炼。
8．答案与解析：B'推理判断题。本题题干意为：哪个单词可以最准确地描述作者对竞走的态度？在文章中，作者客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点，因此B项(客观的)正确。A：怀疑的；C：宽容的；D：保守的。
C
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Gabby Frost在15岁的时候为了帮助自己的朋友战胜心理疾病而成立了Buddy Project。Buddy Project帮助了很多有心理健康方面问题的人。尽管遇到了很多的困难，但她仍坚持不懈。
9．答案与解析：C'细节理解题。根据第一段中的“her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition...She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project。故答案为C。
10．答案与解析：B'细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句的“Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健康方面的问题，故答案为B。
11．答案与解析：D'细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“One of the biggest social barriers...she's still a young woman.”和第二句中的“people don't think what I do is needed...professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿，认为她不专业，故答案为D。
12．答案与解析：C'推理判断题。根据题干可知，本题解题依据是文章最后一段中的“Most people are blown away...one person doing this but not a whole team.”，如果理解are blown away就可以得出答案。根据语境可知，大多数人对一个20岁的女孩独自(而不是靠一个团队)运营这个项目这一事实应感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻，故C项最能体现大多数人的心理。课时作业(七) Unit 8 Part C Lesson 2 Poetry
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Asian elephants are an endangered species. Their numbers are somewhere between 39，000 44，000 and they spread across the vast continent—though almost half are located in India.
The main threat faced by Indian elephants, like all Asian elephants, is loss of habitat, which then results in human elephant conflict. In South Asia, an ever increasing human population has led to much illegal occupation of elephant habitat. Many construction projects of roads and railway tracks also break habitat into separate areas. Unable to mix with other groups, they run the risk of reproducing. Habitat loss also forces elephants into farmers' fields for food. Once a farmer's crops are destroyed, a conflict between humankind and the elephant is unavoidable.
Even if suitable habitat exists, illegal hunting remains a threat to elephants in many areas. In 1989, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in ivory (象牙). However, there are still some ivory markets in a number of countries which make an illegal international trade. Although most of this ivory comes from poaching African elephants, Asian elephants are also poached for their ivory, as well as for their skin.
Catching wild elephants has become another threat to some wild populations, seriously reducing some numbers. Men would catch elephants to live with them and carry their heavy loads. India, Vietnam and Myanmar have banned catching elephants in order to protect their wild groups, but in some countries elephants are still caught each year for tourist industries. Tourists pay to ride the animals to the scenic spots to have their pictures taken.
Why are their numbers becoming so desperate It is time that we humans should pause and reflect.
1．Which is the main cause of human elephant conflict
A．The loss of the elephants' habitat.
B．The construction of new roads.
C．The failure of the elephants' reproduction.
D．The increase of human population.
2．What does the underlined word “poaching” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Raising. B．Stealing.
C．Illegally hunting. D．Fiercely fighting.
3．Why do people catch wild elephants
A．To decrease the elephants' numbers.
B．For industrial research.
C．To watch over people's homes.
D．For family use and income.
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Reflection on Ivory Trade
B．Asian Elephants Are in Danger
C．Effects of Protecting Elephants
D．Indians Face Elephant Problems
B
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the human environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The latest World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades (游行), concerts, cleaning, tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learning about green foods, raising money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learning about the effects of different products on the earth.
5．Why was World Environment Day set up
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D.To encourage people to plan for the earth's future.
6．What do people do on World Environment Day
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
7．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“disposable” in Paragraph 3
A．High cost. B．Poor quality.
C．Second hand. D．Single use.
8．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Ⅱ.完形填空
My twin sister, Dawn, born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫) , has to wear braces (支架) on her legs and walk with the help of a stick, often causing people to __1__ and point.
As Dawn was the only “different” child in our neighborhood, we were constantly made fun of. We never had any friends because of her condition. I began to __2__ Dawn and was embarrassed to be seen with her. So I did everything to get her into trouble to __3__ her being born mentally and physically disabled.
When I turned twelve, my mother was so displeased with my behavior. She figured I was __4__ enough to know better. One day she gave me a thick yellow book. What I saw in that book __5__ the way I viewed my disabled sister.
There were many baby __6__ of Dawn and me dressed alike. And the only __7__ is that I looked small and peaceful while Dawn was hooked up to tubes and machines. If you looked closely, you could see the __8__ in her eyes though she was always smiling. One picture stood out: we were __9__ each other. The words below read, “I'm so happy to have a twin sister, Netti. The doctors make me cry. She makes me __10__．” Looking back, I realized how __11__ I had been! I had never put myself in Dawn's shoes! Feeling __12__，I cried myself to sleep. Later, Dawn came to wake me up for dinner. I kissed her and hugged her __13__ like in the picture.
From then on, I was Dawn's __14__. No one was going to hurt her for any reason. We were __15__. I am her other half and she is my world.
1．A.complain B．wander
C．stare D．envy
2．A.hate B．pity
C．disturb D．warn
3．A.put up with B．make use of
C．keep track of D．get back at
4．A.patient B．old
C．clever D．confident
5．A.formed B．changed
C．explained D．confirmed
6．A.pictures B．clothes
C．toys D．stories
7．A.problem B．mark
C．similarity D．difference
8．A.courage B．disappointment
C．pain D．concern
9．A.hugging B．supporting
C．comforting D．praising
10．A.improve B．think
C．laugh D．survive
11．A.rude B．selfish
C．responsible D．innocent
12．A.helpless B．unhappy
C．desperate D．ashamed
13．A.politely B．seriously
C．tightly D．nervously
14．A.protector B．assistant
C．educator D．consultant
15．A.irreplaceable B．unimaginable
C．unchangeable D．inseparable
课时作业(七)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，介绍了亚洲象所面临的严重威胁——栖息地丧失、非法捕猎及野生象被捕捉等。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The main threat faced by Indian elephants, like all Asian elephants, is loss of habitat, which then results in human-elephant conflict”可知，大象失去栖息地是造成人类和大象冲突的主要原因，应选A项。
2．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“illegal hunting remains a threat”及最后一句并结合《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的禁令可推知，poach为“偷猎，偷捕”之意，应选C项。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“carry their heavy loads”及“Tourists pay to ride the animals”可知，人们捕捉野生象是为了帮他们运载重物、增加收入，故选D项。
4．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是文章首句“Asian elephants are an endangered species”可知，本文主要介绍了亚洲象所面临的严重威胁，应选B项。A、C项偏离主题，D项为文中细节内容，不能概括全文。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的World Environment Day...was created to inspire...可知，设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并了解多种方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others以及第二段最后一句可知，在世界环境日这一天人们主要讨论环境问题。C项符合题意，故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Beat Plastic Pollution及现实情况可知，文中提到的最近一个世界环境日即2018年世界环境日的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的It urged people to explore and choose alternatives like paper or cloth bags和画线词后面的which makes up 10% of all of the waste可知，disposable plastic(一次性塑料)造成大量资源浪费，所以D项“供一次使用的”符合语境，故选D。
8．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它呢？后面又列举了一些可以起作用的小事，所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边的小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者曾因为患有脑瘫的妹妹而感到难堪，但是后来在妈妈的教育下，作者意识到了自己的错误，从此做起了妹妹的保护者。
1．答案与解析：C 根据上文内容可知，Dawn一出生就患有脑瘫，不得不在腿上佩戴支架并且走路时要借助拐棍，因此经常会使得人们盯着看并且指指点点。故选C。
2．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“was embarrassed to be seen with her”“get her into trouble”可知，作者开始憎恨妹妹。故选A。
3．答案与解析：D 根据句中的“I did everything to get her into trouble”可知，作者在报复妹妹。get back at意为“向……报复”，符合语境。put up with“忍受”；make use of“利用”；keep track of“了解……的动态”。
4．答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“When I turned twelve”并结合下文内容可知，此时母亲认为作者已长大了，该更懂事了。
5．答案与解析：B 根据下文内容可知，作者对待妹妹的态度发生了改变，故这里指作者在这本书里看到的内容改变了她看待妹妹的方式。
6．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“One picture stood out”可知，此处指作者和Dawn小时候的照片。
7．答案与解析：D 根据空前的“dressed alike”和空后的“I looked small and peaceful while Dawn...and machines”可知，这里指两个人之间的不同之处。
8．答案与解析：C 根据上文中的“Dawn was hooked up to tubes and machines”可知，当时Dawn的身上插着管子和机器，故从Dawn的眼里可以看到痛苦。故选C。
9．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“I kissed her and hugged her __13__ like in the picture”可知，这是一张两人相拥的照片。
10．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，此处与“The doctors make me cry”形成对比，表示“医生让‘我’哭，而她让‘我’笑”。
11．答案与解析：B 根据上文中作者对待妹妹的不友好的态度和下文中的“I had never put myself in Dawn's shoes”可知，回顾过去，作者意识到自己以前是多么地自私。
12．答案与解析：D 根据语境尤其是空后的“I cried myself to sleep”可知，作者为自己曾经对Dawn所做过的事感到羞愧。
13．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，此处指作者紧紧地拥抱妹妹。
14．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“No one was going to hurt her for any reason”可知，作者成了妹妹的保护者。protector“保护人”；assistant“助理”；educator“教育工作者”；consultant“顾问”。
15．答案与解析：D 根据语境以及空后的“I am her other half and she is my world”可知，两个人从那以后形影不离。inseparable“形影不离的”。课时作业(八) Unit 8 Part DLesson 3 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Gases, like black carbon, methane (甲烷) and ozone (臭氧) in city smog, are called “short lived climate pollutants (污染物)”， which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.
WHO says emissions from these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change. But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds, or even thousands of years.
According to Maria Neira, when you address the short lived pollutants, you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.
WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short lived climate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards. More emissions are released when engines are running.
Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low income households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.
Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes. These investment could have many benefits, including safer travel, reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.
The WHO report also calls for encouraging high income and middle income populations to include more plant based foods in their diets. It says this could the risk of developing reduce heart disease and some cancers, and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal sourced foods.
1．The “short lived climate pollutants” are so called because ________．
A．they cause many to die young
B．they exist shorter than the greenhouse gas
C．they live indoors for a short time
D．they have a short effect on people's health
2．The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．live on B．talk about
C．deal with D．turn to
3．What can be inferred from the whole passage
A．Rich people hardly ever eat plant based foods in daily life.
B．No emissions are released from stopped engines.
C．Governments should take measures to fight pollution.
D．Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.
4．Which of the following may be the best title of the text
A．The ways to fight air pollution
B. Reducing “short lived climate pollutants” to save lives
C．Some sources of serious air pollution
D．A report on pollution from WHO
B
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples(样品) from the trees—which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine—and analyzed the tree rings.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. “We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease，” Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
“I am getting worried，” says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think, Houghton says.
5．Paragraph 1 is written to ________．
A．prove an idea
B．introduce the topic
C．give an example
D．describe a fact
6．What does the study show
A．Farming slows trees' growth.
B．More areas are covered with forests.
C．Global warming changes the quality of wood.
D．Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
7．What does Richard Houghton mean
A．Great loss might be caused.
B．Storm damage can be prevented.
C．The size of forests might be increased.
D．Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
8．What is the best title for the passage
A．We only have one earth
B．Trees—our best friends
C．The influence of climate change
D．Trees are growing faster, but weaker
Ⅱ.七选五
Solutions to Climate Change
There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference.
Move closer to work.
Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions. __1__ One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy.
Consume less.
__2__ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe.
__3__
A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy wasters, whether by speeding in a gas wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room． Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. __4__ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office.
Stop cutting down trees.
When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been sustainable harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. __5__
A．Be energy efficient.
B．Use few electrical appliances.
C．But it doesn't have to be that way.
D．Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work.
E．They may also be humans' short term hope for limiting climate change.
F．The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff.
G．Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they're off than when they're on.
课时作业(八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”，它们会给人类带来的危害以及可以减少这些污染物排放的方法。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds，or even thousands of years.可知，“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得此名。故选B。
2．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。由画线单词后的you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution可知，这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知，画线单词的意思是“处理掉，解决掉”。live on以……为食；talk about谈论；deal with处理，应付；turn to转向。故选C。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。由第五段中的cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher...standards以及倒数第二段中的Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport.可推知，政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害，剩下的五段内容提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“short-lived climate pollutants”可与本文主题“‘短期气候污染物’”呼应，其中的 Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。对森林的研究表明，气候变暖会改变木材的质量——树生长得越来越快，但树也越来越脆弱。
5．答案与解析：B 写作目的题。根据第一段中的“Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的)as it used to be”可知，第一段提出问题，启发读者进行思考，从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable”可知，对森林的研究表明，全球变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide than scientists think”可知，Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低，其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多，树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“As global temperatures rise，trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster”和第三段中的“the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable“可知，本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长，但同时树木的密度降低，使树木更脆弱。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些我们在日常生活中可以采取的简单易行的环保措施。这些措施看似微小，却会为应对气候变化贡献力量。
1．答案与解析：C 上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放物的主要来源之一。C项紧承上文，点明情况不一定非得那样，同时引出了下一句介绍的能帮助我们减少这类温室气体排放物的措施。
2．答案与解析：F 该空对应的措施是减少消费。F项点明减少温室气体排放物的最简单的方法是少购物，符合本段的语境。
3．答案与解析：A 该空是本段的小标题，本段主要建议我们有效利用能源，尽可能减少对能源的浪费，用更少的能源做更多的事，故用A项概括本段的主旨。
4．答案与解析：D 上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费，该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项恰好能用来承上启下。
5．答案与解析：E 上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项紧承上文，点出它们可能还是人类在短期内控制气候变化的希望。
