Unit 10 Connections
Part A Topic Talk
【学习目标】
课时词汇 conflict, disagreement, envy, encouragement, disturb, apologise, link, argue
常用短语 be related to, hang out, sort out
典型句式 have problems with...
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾
2．____________ n. 美术馆，画廊
3．____________ vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断
4．____________ vt. 羡慕，妒忌
5．____________ n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
6．____________ n. 体育场，运动场
7．____________ n. (工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂
8．____________ n. 不和，冲突，摩擦
9．____________ n. (互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．clinic n．诊所，(医院)门诊部→____________ adj.临床的；有关临床的
2．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪→____________ n．道歉；谢罪；认错
3．grocery n．食品杂货；超级市场→____________ n．食品杂货商
4．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店→____________ vt. &vi. 烘烤
5．intervention n．干涉，干预→____________ v. 干涉，干预
6．agree v．同意→____________ n．同意；一致；协议→____________ v．不同意→____________ n．意见不合，分歧，争论
7．courage n．勇气；胆量→____________ vt.鼓励；激励→____________ n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
第一版块：核心单词
1.conflict
(教材P6)conflicts, arguments, interventions, issues, disagreements, envy, friction冲突、争论、干预、问题、分歧、嫉妒、摩擦
(1)n.抵触，冲突，矛盾
in conflict with 与……相冲突
come into conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future occupation.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。
(2)vi.冲突，抵触
conflict with 与……相冲突/矛盾
These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
归纳拓展：
conflict over对……的争议/冲突
the conflict between...and...
……和……之间的冲突
bring sb. into conflict with
使某人与……发生冲突
armed/military/cultural conflict
武装/军事/文化冲突
conflict of interest(s)
利益(或利害)冲突
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Mary often comes ________ conflict with her boss.
完成句子
②She is unwilling to ____________________________ (与……发生冲突) the people around her.
③The results of the new research would seem to ________________ (与……相矛盾) existing theories.
④There was ____________________ (在……之间的冲突) the accounts of the witnesses.
2．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论 disagree vi.不同意；意见不合
be in disagreement with sb. 与某人意见不合
have disagreements with 与……存在分歧
sharp/fundamental disagreement 尖锐/根本的分歧
disagreement on the method to be used 在要采用的方法上的争论
There is considerable disagreement over the safety of the treatment.
这种疗法是否安全争论很大。
归纳拓展：
(1)disagree vi.不同意；有分歧；不符，不一致；不适合
disagree with sb. (on/about/over sth.)(在某事上)与某人意见不合
disagree with sth.与某事物不符/不一致
disagree with sb.(食物、气候等)使某人不舒服
(2)agree with同意(某人的看法)；(气候、食物等)适合；与……一致
agree to同意(计划、安排、建议等)
agree to do sth.同意做某事
agree on就……达成一致(主语是双方或多方)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Money is often a source of ________ (disagree) in young married couples.
②They disagreed ________ each other on the matter, so they didn't reach an agreement.
③I agree ________ his suggestion as long as he drops all charges.
④They have agreed ________ the date for the wedding and will get married on Oct.1st.
⑤The manager, making it clear to us that he didn't agree ________ us, left the meeting room.
⑥When Jack asked me if my wife agreed ________ (spend) the holiday in the north, I said she agreed ________ my suggestion, so we agreed ________ a date for it, and my wife agreed ________ what we did.
完成句子
⑦I am a hundred percent ________________________ (与……意见不合) you.
⑧Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which __________________________ (导致分歧).
3.envy vt. &n．羡慕，妒忌 envious adj.妒忌的；羡慕的
(1)vt.羡慕，妒忌
envy sb. sth. 妒忌/羡慕某人有某物
envy sb. doing sth. 妒忌/羡慕某人做某事
To be honest, we all envied him his talent in literature.
说实话，我们都羡慕他在文学方面的才华。
I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有一个这么亲密的家庭关系。
(2)n.羡慕，妒忌
one's envy of sb./sth. 某人对某人/某事的羡慕
with envy 羡慕地
be green with envy 非常羡慕
out of envy 出于羡慕；出于妒忌
be the envy of sb. 成为某人嫉妒或羡慕的对象
After he was promoted, the colleagues came into conflict with him out of envy.
他被提拔后，同事们出于妒忌和他起了冲突。
I watched with envy as the certificate was awarded to Anna.
我羡慕地看着那个证书被颁发给了安娜。
归纳拓展：
be envious of羡慕……
We are all envious of his great progress in English.
我们都羡慕他在英语上所取得的巨大进步。
即学即练 完成句子
①The kids stared at Claire's parrot and tortoise ________________
(羡慕地).
②We all ____________________________ (羡慕他有好机会) to make a profit.
③He showed a casual attitude __________________________ (出于妒忌).
单句语法填空
④He looked at his friend's car ________ envy and made up his mind to buy himself a new one.
⑤I envy him ________ (work) in such a friendly atmosphere.
4.encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 encourage vt.鼓励，激励
(教材P6)support, help, love, encouragement, company...
支持、帮助、爱、鼓励、陪伴……
(1)give sb. encouragement 给予某人鼓励
encourage sb. 鼓励某人
with encouragement 在鼓励下
under the encouragement of... 在……的鼓舞下
words of encouragement 鼓励的话
the encouragement to do sth. 做某事的鼓励
a great encouragement 一个巨大的鼓励(抽象名词具体化)
(2)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb. in... 在……方面鼓励某人
discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻碍某人做某事
a few words of encouragement
几句鼓励的话语
support and encouragement from a friend
朋友的支持与鼓励
Her words were a great encouragement to me.
她的话对我是很大的鼓励。
词语积累：
courage n．勇气
encourage vt.鼓励
encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的
encouraged adj.受鼓舞的
encouragement n．鼓励
discourage vt.劝阻；使灰心
discouraging adj.令人灰心的
学法点拨：
discourage vt.使气馁，阻止。常用结构：discourage sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。Nothing can discourage him from reporting what is related to the case to the police.
什么也不能阻止他向警方报告与此案有关的事情。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①With the ________ (encourage) from her father, the shy girl made her way to the stage.
②I'm so ________ (encourage) and happy to see the orphans succeed.
③________ (encourage) by his parents, he composed his own fairy tales.
④Sometimes, some ________ (encourage) words can make a great difference to a discouraged person.
⑤Our teacher encourages us ________ (raise) disagreement in class.
完成句子
⑥We should ______________________ (鼓励孩子们) to take part in outdoor activities.
⑦His parents tried to ________________________ (阻止他成为) an actor.
5.disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断；弄乱 disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturbed adj.烦恼的 disturbance n．干扰，打扰
(教材P107)．..it was really disturbing us.……这真的很困扰我们。
(1)disturb sb. 打扰某人，使某人心神不宁
disturb sth. 弄乱某物
(2)a disturbing piece of news 一则令人不安的消息
be disturbed by/about/at... 对……感到忧虑
be seriously/deeply/greatly disturbed 非常/深感/极其不安
be disturbed to find/see/discover/learn...
因发现/看到/发现/获悉……而感到不安
be disturbed to hear the disturbing news 听到这个令人不安的消息感到烦恼
be disturbed that... 对……感到不安
If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
Don't disturb the papers on my desk.别把我桌上的文件弄乱了。
[易混比较]
-ing形容词常用来形容事物，表示事物本身具有的性质、特点；-ed形容词常用来修饰人或人的音容笑貌。
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.他们都对这个令人不安的消息深感不安；也就是说，这个消息使他们都感到不安。
词语辨析：disturb与interrupt
(1)disturb有“打扰，扰乱，使人心神不宁”之意，侧重“打扰”；
(2)interrupt有“打断，打扰”之意，侧重“打断”。
New procedures often disturb the comfortable habits of the personnel.
新的程序常常会打乱全体员工习以为常的习惯。
He wanted to relate what he experienced last night but his wife interrupted him.
他想把他昨晚的经历讲出来，但他妻子打断了他。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①How can you deal with these ________ stories and images I am really ________. (disturb)
②It is ________ (disturb) to think a dangerous wild animal is still in the quiet countryside.
③Thanks to your timely help, we finally rid ourselves of the ________ (disturb) problem.
完成句子
④__________________________ (很抱歉打扰你), but can I talk to you for a moment
选词填空(disturb/interrupt)
⑤I'm terribly sorry to ________， but may I use your phone It's rather urgent.
⑥He has had some ________ experiences.
6.apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 apology n．道歉，认错
(教材P107)．..they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on.……他们道歉并说从那之后他们会减少噪音。
(1)apologise to sb. 向某人道歉
apologise to sb. for (doing) sth.＝say sorry to sb. for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而向某人道歉
(2)accept/demand an apology 接受/要求道歉
refuse an apology 拒绝接受道歉
owe sb. an apology 欠某人一个道歉
The student apologised to his teacher for contradicting him.
那个学生因为顶撞老师而向他道歉。
The film star made an apology to her fans for leaving them waiting outside for a long time.
那位影星因让她的影迷们在外面等了很长时间而向他们道歉。
I owe you an apology for disturbing you.
因打扰了你，我应该向你道歉。
归纳拓展：
因(做)某事向某人道歉：
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
＝apologise to sb. for (doing) sth.
＝offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.
＝offer sb. an apology for (doing) sth.
经典例句：
They do not have the courage to apologise for their actions.
他们没有勇气为自己的行为道歉。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I do think I should apologise ________ you ________ coming into conflict with you in public.
②The boy made ________ apology for breaking the glass.
完成句子
③He __________________________ the clerk ________ (因……向……道歉) making fun of him.
④昨晚他冲她大嚷，为此他今早向她道歉了。
He shouted at her last night, ______________________ to her this morning.(用定语从句)
⑤He __________________________ (欠她一个道歉) for tearing her book out of envy.
7.link n．联系，纽带 v．把……联系起来；连接
link up with 与……连接起来
link...to... 把……连接到……上
link...with... 把……和……连接
inner link 内在联系；内链节
download link 下载链接
close link 紧密联系
wireless link 无线电联系
Exactly how do we link words to objects
我们到底如何把词语和所指物体联系起来？
The research shows a link between high-sugar diets and heart diseases.
研究表明，高糖饮食和心脏病存在联系。
归纳拓展：
be linked有联系，有关联
be linked to和……有关联
link...together将……联系在一起；连接……
key link关键环节；中心环节
link up会合；连接；联系
即学即练 单句语法填空
①You can click this link ________ (view) the product details.
②A bridge ________ (link) the two islands.
③He linked the printer ________ the computer.
④The channel Tunnel links Britain ________ the rest of Europe.
⑤High-sugar diets are closely ________ (link) ________ heart diseases.
8.argue v．争论，争吵；论证，争辩
argue with sb. 与某人争论/争吵
argue about/over sth. 为某事争论/争吵
argue that... 主张/认为……
argue for/against (doing) sth. 赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
归纳拓展：
argument n．争论，争吵
have an argument with sb.
与某人争论/争吵
have an argument about/over sth.
为某事争论/争吵
get into an argument争论/争吵起来
即学即练 单句语法填空
①We're always arguing ________ each other ________ management.
②The governments argue ________ this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
③She had a long ________ (argue) with the man who was selling the tickets.
第二版块：重点短语
1.be related to与……相关；与……有联系
(教材P6)Use the diagram to talk about your connections or people who are related to you.用这个图表来谈论你的关系或与你有关系的人。
relate v. 叙述，讲(故事)；联系，把……联系起来
relate A to B 把A与B联系起来
relate sth. to sb./relate to sb. sth. 向某人讲述某事
relate to 涉及，与……相关；了解，能够理解并同情
The participant related his experience in this activity to us.
这位参与者向我们讲述了他在这次活动中的经历。
I can relate to his feelings.我能理解他的感受。
The results of the experiment are related to the temperature.
实验结果与温度有关。
These problems are closely related to each other.这些问题彼此密切相关。
归纳拓展：
与……有关：
be relevant to
be linked to/with
be involved in
be associated with
be connected with
have something to do with
即学即练 单句语法填空
①In the future, pay increases will be related ________ productivity.
②He related the facts of the case ________ journalists.
③She ________ (relate) how he had run away from home as a boy.
④The lawyer's high salary is strongly ________ (relate) to the high education level.
完成句子
⑤His words ________________ (与……有联系) the topic under discussion.
2．hang out闲待，厮混；逗留；泡在某处
(教材P6)we were hanging out 我们在厮混
If you are limiting your intake of sweets, don't hang out in the bakery.
如果你正在限制自己对甜食的摄入，那就不要在面包房闲逛。
hang on 别挂断(电话)；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持；不放弃(to)
hang up 挂断电话
hang about/around/out 闲逛；徘徊；逗留
hang about/around with sb. 和某人长时间待在一起/泡在一块儿
Hang on a minute. I'll just get a pen.请稍等。我要拿支钢笔。
经典例句：
Hang on to your faith, otherwise you won't obtain your initial goal.
坚持自己的信仰，否则你就达不到最初的目标。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Many people go there to hang ________ after supper.
②Women like to hang ________ in the supermarket.
完成句子
③I'm sorry I have to __________________ (挂断) now. Someone is knocking at the door.
④____________________ (坚持) your aim until you make a breakthrough.
3.sort out解决；整理；挑出；弄清
(1)sort out the problems 解决问题
sort out the emails 整理电子邮件
sort out the papers to be thrown away 把要扔掉的文件挑出来
(2)sort...by size 把……按大小分类
sort...into piles 把……分类整理成几堆
Perri admits that she can't sort out all the mess in the house, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.佩里承认她不能把家里所有的乱七八糟的东西都整理好，尽管她知道这让她妈妈发疯。
We should sort out our financial problems in a week or two.
我们应该在一两个星期内解决我们的财政问题。
归纳拓展：
a sort of一种
all sorts/kinds of各种各样的(名词前)
of all sorts各种各样的(名词后)
sort of＝kind of有几分，有点儿；稍微(作副词用，修饰其后的形容词和动词)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①After supper, we would play card games of all ________ (sort) in the sitting room.
②It takes me a long time to sort ________ my thoughts before I can start writing.
③You'd better sort the apples ____________ size before selling.
第三版块：典型句式
have problems with...在……方面有问题
(教材P107)Max, are you still having problems with your neighbours in Flat 304？马克斯，你和304公寓的邻居之间还有问题吗？
[句式分析]
(1)句式have problems with意为“在……方面有问题”，也可替换为“have problems (in) doing sth.”，介词in常可省略。
(2)“做某事有困难”的其他常用表达：
have difficulty/trouble with sth.
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
(注意：以上表达中trouble, difficulty前面可用some, no, little, much等词修饰)
have a hard/difficult time (in) doing sth.
They had some difficulty (in) finishing the task on time.
他们按时完成任务有困难。
I have some difficulty (in) getting used to the life here.
我有些难以习惯这儿的生活。
They had much trouble (in) rescuing people buried in the building.
他们救援被掩埋在大楼里的人们时很费力。
The old man had no trouble (in) chatting on the Internet.
这位老人网上聊天毫无困难。
经典例句：
Do you think you have Problem with high technological Product
你认为你使用高科技产品有困难吗？
易错点提醒：
have (no) problems with.../in doing中的problem常用复数形式，但have (no) difficulty/trouble with sth./in doing sth.中的difficulty/trouble则不能用复数形式。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble ________ (improve) your English at your new school.
②She's having many problems ________ the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to turn to.
③Such a person has problems in ________ (wake) up in the mornings.
④On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble ________ (find) a hotel with a vacancy.
⑤You'll imagine what difficulty we had ________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
⑥She had much difficulty ________ (keep) focused.
⑦By then, Steve was having a hard time ________ (remember) the names of some of his friends.
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．Sara sensed that there had been ________ (摩擦) between the assistant and her consumer.
2．This chemical factory is located in the ________ (郊区) of the city.
3．Greater outside ________ (干涉) in businesses would represent a step backwards.
4．It seems that what lay behind the clashes was ________ (分歧) over the list of candidates.
5．Quite a few schoolmates ________ (羡慕) Jenny her intelligence.
6．The physicians of the college ________ (诊所) were very busy in the afternoon.
7．We would like to ________ (道歉) once again for the inconvenience this has caused.
8．His uncontrolled behaviour ________ (打扰) the entire class and made the teacher angry.
9．The city fathers have just given final approval to a new ________ (体育场).
10．The ________ (鼓励) that young boys receive builds greater self-confidence.
Ⅱ.短语填空
come up with, call on, deal with, hang out, get on well with, sort out, instead of, have problems with, believe in, argue with
1．It is also important to ________________ people to learn from those heroes and encourage more people to stand up to crime.
2．Therefore, we call on people to use cloth bags and baskets ________________ plastic bags.
3．All you had to do was think a little harder and ________________ a brilliant solution.
4．People won't ________________ a man who always breaks his promise.
5．I ________________ customers on the phone and rarely meet them face to face.
6．The young people may ________________ or go to the cafeteria with friends on this special day.
7．It is an important task for us to ________________ and analyse his various kinds of materials.
8．A psychiatrist can often help people who ________________ their mental health.
9．I ________________ him the whole day but failed to convince him.
10．If Alice follows the advice, I think she will ________________ her new employer.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I disagree ________ the remark that economic development has priority over the environment.
2．The government needs to clearly state its policy on UN ________ (intervene).
3．They danced gracefully and that made everyone present green ________ envy.
4．The violence was the result of political and ethnic ________ (conflict).
5．My parents argued ________ studying at home versus studying abroad.
6．He ________ (apologise) and because of the inconvenience he gave me some free tickets.
7．The animals are very sensitive to ________ (disturb) and have never bred in captivity.
8．They bought ________ (grocery) on a monthly basis and sent them home using a private delivery company.
9．Your ________ (encourage) will stimulate me to further efforts.
10．It is a unique component and a creative ________ (invent) of the Chinese traditional calendar.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他先是因为接待客户来晚了礼貌地向我道歉。
He first __________________________ due to the reception of his clients.
2．你是如何处理与生产部门、采购部门的关系的？
______________________________ the relationships with the production department and the procurement department
3．现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。
There are far more opportunities for young people than there ____________________________．
4．如果清单有问题，请访问作者网站以获取更新。
If you____________________________ a listing, visit the author's website for updates.
5．最重要的事情是我们要对这样的现象给予足够的关注。
The most important thing is __________________________ such phenomena.
Unit 10 Connections
Part A Topic Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．conflict 2.gallery 3.disturb 4.envy 5.canteen
6．stadium 7.cafeteria 8.friction 9.forum
Ⅱ.
1．clinical 2.apology 3.grocer 4.bake 5.intervene
6．agreement disagree disagreement
7．encourage encouragement
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①into ②come into conflict with ③conflict with ④a conflict between
2．①disagreement ②with ③to ④on ⑤with
⑥to spend to on with ⑦in disagreement with
⑧lead to disagreement
3．①with envy ②envy him the good chance ③out of envy ④with ⑤working
4．①encouragement ②encouraged ③Encouraged
④encouraging ⑤to raise ⑥give the children encouragement/encourage the children ⑦discourage him from being
5．①disturbing disturbed ②disturbing ③disturbing
④I'm sorry to disturb you ⑤interrupt ⑥disturbing
6．①to for ②an ③apologised to/said sorry to/made an apology to for ④for which he made an apology/for which he apologised ⑤owed her an apology
7．①to view ②links ③to ④with ⑤linked to
8．①with about/over ②that ③argument
第二版块：重点短语
1．①to ②to ③related ④related ⑤were/are related to
2．①out/about/around ②out/about/around ③hang up ④Hang on to
3．①sorts ②out ③by
第三版块：典型句式
①improving ②with ③waking ④finding
⑤walking ⑥keeping ⑦remembering
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．friction 2.suburb 3.intervention 4.disagreement
5．envied/envy 6.clinic 7.apologise 8.disturbed
9．stadium 10.encouragement
Ⅱ.
1．call on 2.instead of 3.come up with 4.believe in
5．deal with 6.hang out 7.sort out 8.have problems with 9.argued with 10.get on well with
Ⅲ.
1．with 2.intervention 3.with 4.conflicts
5．about/over 6.apologised 7.disturbance
8．groceries 9.encouragement 10.invention
Ⅳ.
1．apologised to me for being late 2.How did you deal with 3.used to be 4.have problems with 5.that we should give enough attention toPart B Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We？
【学习目标】
课时词汇 contact, average, impression, random, attempt, target, deliver, release, series, confirm
常用短语 refer to, be based on
典型句式 1.同位语从句；2.现在分词(短语)作定语；3.It takes...to do sth.；4.强调句式
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ adj. 随机的，随意的
2．____________ vt. &n. 发表，发布；释放
3．____________ n. 成语，习语；警句
4．____________ n. 包裹；邮包
5．____________ n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．theory n．学说，理论→____________ adj.理论性的
2．bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的→____________ n．双周刊→____________ adj.两种语言的→____________ adj.两色的
3．network n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统→____________ n．作业→____________ n．团队工作→____________ n．家务活儿
4．impression n．印象，感想→____________ v．使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象→____________ adj.感人的，给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的
5．sociology n．社会学→____________ n．社会学家
[词语积累]
[1] average person普通人
[2] regular communication定期交流，定期沟通
[3] Six Degrees of Separation六度分隔
[4] theory/'θ ri/n.学说，理论
[5] chain/t e n/n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条
a chain of一系列，一连串(人或事)
[6] concept n．观念，概念
[7] impression/ m'pre n/
n．印象，感想
[8] network/'netw k/n.人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统
[9] make an attempt试图；尝试
[10] mathematically adv.数学地
mathematical adj.数学的
mathematics n．数学
[11] sociologist/ s si' l d ist/
n．社会学家
[12] random/'r nd m/adj.随机的，随意的
[13] target n．目标，指标；(攻击的)对象；靶子
v．把……作为攻击目标；面向，把……对准(某群体)
[14] parcel/'pɑ s l/n.包裹；邮包
[15] contact v．联系，联络
n．联系，联络；熟人
[16] amazingly adv.令人惊讶地；令人惊奇地
[17] get the parcels delivered (get sth. done结构)使包裹被递送出去
[18] release/r 'li s/vt. &n．发表，发布；释放
[19] bimonthly/ba 'm nθli/
adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
[20] phrase/fre z/n.成语，习语；警句
[21] in the last few decades
在过去的几十年里
[22] be based on基于，以……为根据；在……基础上
[23] apart adv.相距；分离
[24] randomly adv.随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地
[25] link...to...把……连接到……；把……和……连接；把……和……联系起来
[26] no more than只是；仅仅
[27] try to do sth.
尽力做某事
[28] become known as
被称为……，作为……而闻名
[29] involve vt.包含；牵涉；使参加，加入
[30] confirm vt.确认；确定；证实
[31] analyse vt.分析；分解
analysis n．分析；分解
[32] social media users
社交媒体用户
[33]think about考虑
Research shows the average person[1] only has regular communication[2] with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us 【1】. However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation[3]” refers to the theory[4] that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain[5] of no more than five other people 【2】．
【1】shows后跟了两个并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句省略了that；在第二个宾语从句中含有who引导的定语从句。
【2】that引导同位语从句，对the theory的内容进行解释说明。
The concept[6] was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called EverythingIsDifferent in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions[7] of social networks[8] 【3】．
【3】此句中in which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a book; called...为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a book。
In the 1950s, an attempt was made[9] by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically[10]； but after twenty years, they still had not had any success 【4】. In 1967, an American sociologist[11] called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small-world problem” 【5】. He chose a random[12] sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger 【6】. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target[13] stranger 【7】. Once the parcel[14] had been received by this person 【8】， he/she would send the parcel onto a contact[15] of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. Amazingly[16]， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered[17]， and once released[18]， the results were published in the bimonthly[19] magazine PsychologyToday. It was this research that inspired the phrase[20] “Six Degrees of Separation” 【9】．
【4】此句为并列句，以分号为界，前一个并列分句为被动语态句，其主动形式为：In the 1950s，two scientists made an attempt to prove the theory mathematically。
【5】此句为主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the theory。
【6】此句为简单句，sending the packages为现在分词短语作后置定语，The people与send之间是主动关系。
【7】此句为主从复合句，含有两个定语从句；they knew personally为第一个定语从句，省略关系代词that或who，修饰先行词a person；第二个是who引导的定语从句，先行词同样是a person，其中they thought为插入语。
【8】Once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。
【9】此句为强调句，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．”。此句强调主语，还原后为“This research inspired the phrase ‘Six Degrees of Separation’．”。
In the last few decades[21], the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast 【10】. For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on[22] the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart[23] 【11】. The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”， as almost all the characters had randomly[24] met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid-1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to[25] Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than[26] six links. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
【10】此句为简单句，based on the concept为过去分词短语作后置定语，所修饰的词语more films and TV programmes与base之间是被动关系。
【11】此句为主从复合句，其中although引导让步状语从句。
In 2003, Columbia University tried to recreate[27] Milgram's experiment on the Internet. This became known as[28] the “Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved[29] 24, 163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. The results confirmed[30] that the average number of links in the chain was six.
Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed[31] the relationship between 721 million social media users[32] and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.
So, think about[33] it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？
研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个与我们最亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论(theory)说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结(chain：一连串)与其他任何一个人联系起来。
这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被首次提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，在书中他介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络(network)的构想(impression)都受到他思想的影响。
20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，他们仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家(sociologist)斯坦利·米尔格兰姆尝试用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。他在美国中部随机(random)抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格兰姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给他们认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹(parcel)，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布(release)，便发表在双月(bimonthly)刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法(phrase：习语)。
在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。在20世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与著名的美国演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。
2003年，哥伦比亚大学试图在互联网上重现米尔格兰姆的实验，被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24 163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个不同国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数是6。
最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段，或五度分隔，就可以建立联系。
所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车的司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．What does the concept “Six Degrees of Separation” mean
A.People can be connected by six degrees.
B．People can be separated by six degrees.
C．People can be connected through a chain of no more than five other people.
D．People can be separated through six other people.
2．Who tested the theory by using a new method and inspired the phrase
A．Frigyes Karinthy. B．Stanley Milgram.
C．Kevin Bacon. D．PsychologyToday.
3．How many experiments are mentioned to confirm the theory in the passage
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
4．Why is the Oscar-winning film Babel mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To show the theory was widely used.
B．To show all the characters were closely connected.
C．To introduce the film.
D．To confirm the theory.
第一版块：核心单词
1.contact n．[C]熟人 [U]接触；联系 vt.联系
(1)make contact with sb. /get in contact with sb.
与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系
lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系
be in contact with sb. 与某人有联系
be out of contact with sb. 与某人失去联系
physical/eye contact 身体/目光接触
(2)contact sb. immediately/directly 立即/直接与某人联系
contact sb. by email/telephone 通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
If the red light is not blinking, contact residence hall staff immediately.
如果红灯不闪烁，请立即联系宿舍工作人员。
After hours in the cold and wet, he reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver...
在又冷又湿的天气里待了几个小时后，他把手伸进车里，把钱包掏了出来，希望能找到一些身份证件，以便与司机取得联系……(现在分词短语hoping to...作伴随状语)
It's unusual for a grouse to have any contact with people.
松鸡与人有任何接触都是不寻常的。(It is＋adj.＋for sb./sth. to do sth.对某人/某物来说做某事是……的。)
学法点拨：
contact用作动词时，不用contact with而是用作及物动词；contact sb.和某人联系
知识拓展：
①与某人取得联系
get in touch with sb.(动作)
②与某人保持联系
keep in touch with sb.或be in touch with sb.(状态)
③与某人失去联系
lose touch with sb.(动作)或be out of touch with sb.(状态)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I come into contact ________ all kinds of people in my work.
②He has many ________ (contact) in the city.
③She contacted ________ doctor at once.
④We have kept in contact ________ each other since childhood but I am afraid we will lose contact one day in the future.
2.average adj.平均的；普通的；适中的 n．平均数；平均水平vt.平均为……
an average cost/price 平均成本/价格
a child of average intelligence 智力平常的孩子
an average of 平均有……
above/below average 高于/低于平均水平
on average 平均来看
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.
弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但不是一个普通人。
经典例句：
Her work was well below average for the class.
她的功课远在班上的中等水平以下。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①His work is ________ the average.
②The expenses ________ (average) ten dollars a day.
③He is ________ average height.
完成句子
④On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), ______________________ (平均来看), during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
3.impression n．印象，感想；印记
(教材P8)．..his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.……许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。
get/have a good/bad impression of 对……的印象好/不好
leave/make a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
give an impression of 给人……的印象
first impression 第一印象
be under the impression that... 误认为……
I'm uncertain whether you have a very different impression of him.
我不确定你是否对他的印象大不相同。
The way he dealt with the conflict with his colleague left a deep impression on me.他处理与同事冲突的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
There are impressions of shoes in the mud.泥地里留下了鞋印。
What were your first impressions of the college
你对这所大学的第一印象是什么？
归纳拓展：
impress sb. with sth.某事物给某人留下深刻印象
be impressed with/by对……印象深刻
impress sth. on sb.＝impress on sb. sth.向某人强调某事的重要性
We were impressed with your positive attitude.你乐观的态度给我们留下了深刻的印象。
He impressed on us the need for immediate action.他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要性。
impressive adj.令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的
Most of the works displayed in the gallery are impressive. I like the one hanging in the middle of the wall in particular.这家画廊里展示的大部分作品都令人赞叹，我尤其喜欢挂在墙中间的那一幅。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The splendid scenery left a deep impression ________ us.
②Father impressed ________ me the value of hard work.
③The historical architecture of London attracts visitors from all over the world, and leaves a deep ________ (impress) on them.
④The most ________ (impress) memory of my high school life is the constant encouragement from my English teacher.
完成句子
⑤As a candidate, you must ________________________(给……留下好印象)everyone you meet if you want to win the election.
⑥We ________________ (对……印象深刻) the enjoyable experience in the countryside.
4.random adj.随机的，随意的；胡乱的 n．随意
(教材P9)He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America...他在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本……
a random sample/selection 随机抽样/选择
the random killing of innocent people 对无辜者的随意杀戮
arrange...in a random order 随机排列……
at random 胡乱地；随便地；任意地
choose/select/pick...at random 随意选择……
a few random remarks 随便说的话
He went into a grocery and picked some snacks from the shelf at random.
他走进一家食品杂货店，从架子上随便挑了些零食。
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
词语积累：
randomly adv.随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地
My phone seems to switch itself off randomly．我的手机好像随时自动关机。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The winning numbers are ________ (random) selected by the computer.
②The lucky fans will be picked ________ random rather than chosen beforehand to perform with the singer during the party.
③There is no doubt that it is better to read a few books carefully than to read many ________ random.
5.attempt n. &vt.企图；试图；尝试 attempted adj.未遂的
at one's first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时
a hopeless attempt 没有成功希望的努力
attempt a rescue 设法实行营救
attempted crime 犯罪未遂
归纳拓展：
attempt to do sth.(＝try to do sth.)
＝make an attempt to do sth./at (doing) sth.企图/试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
attempt, ability, chance, promise, way等后常用不定式作定语
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He tried hard to practise and attempted ________ (pass) the driving test ________ his first attempt.
②Writers of history books often attempt ________ (associate) the past with the present and make comparisons.
③Every year about 40，000 people attempt ________ (climb) Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
6.target v．把……作为目标；面向 n．目标；对象；靶子
(1)target sth. at/on sth./sb. 把……对准……
target sb./sth. 把某人/物作为目标
(2)set oneself targets 给自己制订指标
meet/achieve a target 完成/达到目标
a target area/audience/group 目标区域/观众(听众)/群体
aim at a target 瞄准靶子
hit/miss the target 中/脱靶
We were still right on target for our deadline.
我们那时仍然很有希望在最后期限之前完成目标。
The arrow flew straight towards the target.
箭不偏不斜地朝靶子飞去。
Woodcutters targeted big trees.伐木工人的目标是大树。
He missed the target only once yesterday.昨天他只有一次脱靶。
Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
给自己制订有望达到的指标。
归纳拓展：
on target击中目标；击中要害
off target脱靶；偏离目标
make an easy target for sb.成为某人容易下手的目标
target practice射击练习
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The radar beam can track a number of ________ (target) at the same time.
②Politically speaking, his jibes (嘲讽) were right ________ target.
③The old men and women make an easy target ________ thieves.
④He fired at the enemy soldier, but ________ (miss) the target.
⑤We should set ________ (oneself) targets and work hard at our lessons.
7.deliver v．递送；生(孩子)；接生；发表(演说等)；解救，拯救 delivery n．递送；分娩
deliver sth. to... 把某物送到……
deliver a baby 接生孩子
deliver a speech 作报告；发表演说
deliver a judgment 做出判决
deliver papers 送报纸
deliver the goods 发货
deliver sb. from danger 救某人脱险
归纳拓展：
be delivered of a baby分娩；生孩子
have your milk delivered找人给你送牛奶
Do you have your milk delivered
你的牛奶是让别人送吗？
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He delivered my package ________ me.
②The president will come to our school ________ (deliver) a speech tonight.
③The online store offers free ________ (deliver) ________ its customers.
④Whenever Mom and I ________ (deliver) the “buddies” to the agencies, the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down, too shy ________ look but shaking with excitement.
⑤Once his message ________ (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
8.release vt.发表，发布；释放；放开，松开；宣泄；解雇 n．发表，发布；释放；排放；解脱
(教材P9)．..once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine PsychologyToday.
……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
release sb. from... 从……释放某人；免除某人的(职责、义务等)
release sth. into sth. 把某物排放到某物中
release a prisoner 释放囚犯
a good way of releasing stress 释放压力的好方法
The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.
那名犯人已服刑期满，明天将获释。
10，000 balloons were released at the ceremony.典礼上放飞了一万个气球。
The club is releasing some of its older players.
那家俱乐部正在解聘一些老队员。
归纳拓展：
the release from从……的释放
the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere二氧化碳向大气层的排放
即学即练 单句语法填空
①After he ________ (release) from prison, he was determined to devote most of his time to his work and family.
②She burst into tears, ________ (release) all her pent-up emotions.
③The new law released employers ________ their obligation to recognize unions.
④When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release ________ the jail of your mind.
完成句子
⑤He refused ____________________________ (放开她的胳膊).
9.series n．连续；系列
a series of 一系列
a series of events/attacks 一连串事件/袭击
a TV series 一部电视连续剧
a sociology series 一套社会学丛书
the crime story series 推理小说系列
The scientist conducted a series of experiments.
这位科学家进行了一系列的实验。
What's your favorite TV series？你最喜欢的电视连续剧是什么？
教师提醒：
(1)series单复数形式相同。“a series of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
(2)series虽带有复数的词尾，但与a连用成单数。这种词还有species (种), summons (召唤)等。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Napoleon won a series of ________ (victory).
②A series of lectures ________ (schedule).
完成句子
③In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened ________________ (一系列) shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consommé.
10.confirm vt.确认；使确信；证实；证明；批准 confirmation n．确认；证实；批准
sth. confirms 事实证实了……
What he observed confirmed his judgement.
他观察到的现象证实了他的判断。
The announcement confirmed that the election would take place on Jun. 20th.
公告证实选举将于六月二十日举行。
sb. confirms sth. 某人批准某事
The agency confirmed the contract.经销处批准了此合同。
sb. confirms sb. as＋职位 某人任命某人为……
The president confirmed him as secretary of state.
总统任命他为国务卿。
归纳拓展：
confirm in使更坚定
confirm rumours证实传言
confirm the flight确认航班
to confirm an oppointment确定约定
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign ________ (confirm) their child's choices.
②His words confirmed me ________ my belief that our cause was right.
完成句子
③____________________________________ (已经证实) water is fundamental to the development of life.
第二版块：重点短语
1．refer to
(教材P8)“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that...
“六度分隔”理论说的是……
(1)指的是，提及，谈到
refer to...as... 称……为……
He likes to be referred to as “Doctor Khee”．他喜欢别人叫他“基博士”。
(2)查阅，参考
He made the speech without referring to his notes.他脱稿发表了演讲。
(3)涉及，关于
The figures refer to our sales in Europe.这些数字涉及我们在欧洲的销售额。
归纳拓展：
refer to/turn to/consult the dictionary查词典
look up... in the dictionary在词典中查阅……
经典例句：
When he referred to the gallery, I knew it was the one at the end of this street.当他提到画廊的时候，我知道就是在这条街的尽头的那家。
They agreed never to refer to the matter again.
他们同意永远不再提这件事了。
即学即练 写出refer to在句中的含义
①I was not referring to her when I said so.____________
②Now that the boy has been punished, please don't refer to that matter again.____________
③The teacher asked us not to refer to our books or dictionaries when we were in the exam.____________
一句多译
不要老是查词典，你要学会猜测生词在文章中的含义。
④Don't always ________________________； you should learn to guess the meaning of the new words in the passage.
⑤Don't always ____________________________； you should learn to guess the meaning of the new words in the passage.
⑥Don't always ______________________________； you should learn to guess the meaning of them in the passage.
2.be based on基于，以……为根据；在……基础上
(教材P9)For example, the Oscar-winning film Babelis based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”．
例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。
base...on/upon... 使……以……为基础/根据
base opinions on facts 以事实为依据发表观点
be based on/upon... 基于……
at the base of 在……底部
have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础
return to the air base 返回空军基地
One should always base his opinions on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
词语积累：
basic adj.基本的，基础的；初级的；必需的
basically adv.基本上；从根本上说
经典例句：
People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often random rather than based on fixed criteria.
人们抱怨，批准或拒绝许可的决定往往是随机的，而不是根据固定的标准。
In my diary, I set down a series of things that was based on facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The research group produced two reports ________ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
②________ (base) on a true story, the film attracts many people, whether they are old or young.
③________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
完成句子
④The new film ____________________________ (以……为根据) a true incident.
⑤The report __________________________ (以数据为根据) from six countries.
⑥The dog had initially been knocked unconscious but had survived by drinking water from a stream ____________________________ (在……底部) the cliff.
第三版块：典型句式
1.同位语从句
(教材P8)“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结与其他任何一个人联系起来。
[句式分析] that引导同位语从句，解释说明the theory的具体内容。在复合句中，充当同位语成分的从句称为同位语从句。由that或wh-类连接词引导，常放在doubt，fact，news，idea，truth，hope, problem，information，impression，thought等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
He left the first impression to us that he was not only handsome but also reliable.
他给我们的第一印象是他不仅英俊而且可靠。
易混比较：同位语从句与定语从句
类别 同位语从句 定语从句
共同点 从句前都有一个与从句相关的名词
从句作用 对名词解释、说明 对名词(先行词)修饰、限定
引导词that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，但一般不能省略 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There was too much work to do.
②There's a tradition in our office ________ when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
③I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me
④The hope ________ they expressed is that they would go to visit that country again.
⑤But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact ________ we will be able to build these systems.
2.现在分词(短语)作定语
(教材P9)The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger.
这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。
[句式分析] 现在分词短语sending...作后置定语，修饰the people，相当于定语从句(who sent...)。被修饰词The people与send之间是主动关系。
现在分词(短语)作定语时，其逻辑主语与分词动作之间存在主动关系，表示主动。
The child standing over there is my brother.
站在那边的那个孩子是我的弟弟。(The child与stand之间是主动关系)
The girl working in the bakery is a graduate who chose the independent employment.
在面包店工作的那个女孩是一个选择独立就业的毕业生。(The girl与work之间是主动关系)
学法点拨：
过去分词(短语)作定语：过去分词(短语)作定语，其逻辑主语与分词动作之间是被动关系，表示被动或完成。
You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.
你不能接受别人给你的意见，除非它是建立在事实基础上的。(an opinion与offer之间是被动关系)
His first book published last month is based on a true story.
他上个月出版的第一本书是根据一个真实故事改编的。(His first book与publish之间是被动关系)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Do you want to see the doctor ________ (work) on the case report in the office
②Do you know the boy ________ (stand) at the door
③They lived in a house ________ (face) the south.
④The window ________ (break) yesterday was repaired this morning.
⑤The hamburgers ________ (sell) in this chain are not to my taste.
⑥The news ________ (release) last night raised a heated discussion among the young workers.
3.It takes... to do sth.花费……做某事。
(教材P9)Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine PsychologyToday.令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
[句式分析] it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered为it takes... to do sth.结构；once released为状语从句的省略。
It took him about thirty minutes to have his parcel delivered in the post office.
他花了大约30分钟才在邮局把包裹寄了。(该句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。)
归纳拓展：
sb. spends some time/money on sth.
某人在某事物上花一些时间/钱
sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.某人花一些时间/金钱做某事
sb. pays some money for sth.
某人花一些钱买某物
sth. costs sb. some money
某物花某人一些钱
I hate to spend a long period of time playing computer games.我讨厌花长时间玩电脑游戏。
He paid $50 for the dessert in the bakery for his girlfriend.他花了50美元在面包店给他的女朋友买甜点。
The skirt cost her $100．这条裙子花了她100美元。
即学即练 选词填空(take/spend/pay/cost)
①The girl often ________ money on books which she likes very much. Last Sunday it ________ her 10 minutes to go to the bookstore to buy her favourite book. When she was going to ________ for the book, the salesman told her it only ________ half the price because of the broken cover.
单句语法填空
②According to a recent U．S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ________ (watch) TV.
③It only took him a few minutes ________ (solve) the disagreement between him and his colleague.
4.强调句型
(教材P9)It was this research that inspired the phrase“Six Degrees of Separation”．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
[句式分析] 本句是一个强调句，强调句子的主语this research。
(1)基本结构是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．”；若强调的是人，也可以用who替换that；
(2)强调句的一般疑问句式是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？”；
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是“疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？”；
若该结构用于宾语从句，则要用陈述语序。
It was in the gallery that he came across one of his old friends.
他是在画廊里遇到了他的一位老朋友。(强调状语)
Was it because of the disagreement between him and his partner that they delayed the project
是不是因为他和他的合伙人意见不合，他们才推迟了这个项目？(强调状语，一般疑问句式)
What is it that he is doing in the suburb
他正在郊区做什么？(强调宾语，特殊疑问句式)
学法点拨：
判断句子是不是强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
宾语从句中的强调句式：
He told us that it was because of the disagreement between him and his partner that they delayed the project.他告诉我们，是由于他和他的合伙人的意见不合，才推迟了这个项目。(句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句是一个强调句式，是对原因状语的强调)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①It was when he worked in the canteen in the college ________ he taught himself English.
②It is my English teacher in senior school ________ is always giving me encouragement.
③________ was in the grocery that he picked up a wallet containing a large sum of money.
用强调句型改写
④He came across his client when he hung out in the suburb yesterday.
→______________________________ he came across when he hung out in the suburb yesterday.(强调宾语)
→______________________ he came across his client.(强调时间状语)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The survey used a ________ (随机的) sample of two thousand people across England and Wales.
2．She could scarcely contain herself with delight when she opened the ________ (包裹).
3．The government restricts ________ (发行) of new foreign films to about 30 a year.
4．The financial report was made by the company ________ (两月一次地).
5．A ________ (短语) from the conference floor set my mind wandering.
6．The comparison shows considerable disagreement between ________ (理论) and practice.
7．Volunteers formed a human ________ (链) to rescue precious items from the burning house.
8．Doctors can get the wrong ________ (印象) from an accurate description.
9．A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer ________ (网络).
10．One ________ (社会学家) has suggested that the government should provide more low-skilled positions to people with less schooling.
Ⅱ.短语填空
refer to, be connected to, be impressed with, a series of, on average, be based on, pass through, carry out, participate in, in the end
1．The operator has to be able to ________________ routine maintenance of the machine.
2．Customs officials have made ________________ contradictory statements about the equipment.
3．________________， an agreement was reached between managers and employees.
4．The teacher ________________ in my last letter has gone abroad.
5．This ridiculous theory ________________ a series of wrong assumptions.
6．At the university, I ________________ a number of social events and accumulated some experience.
7．Your application has been carefully reviewed and we ________________ your academic background.
8．The brilliant man disguised himself as a merchant and managed to ________________ the blockade line.
9．Full-time employees who do have two weeks' paid vacation only use half of them ________________．
10．Passages ________________ one another, which will enhance the children's reasoning power.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The police have several ________ (theory) about the case, but no hard evidence.
2．Even in the age of open-plan offices and social ________ (network) some work is best left to the individual.
3．________ (sociologist) have also found that increasing wealth and increasing education bring a sense of tension about time.
4．In her study, participants were ________ (random) assigned to two groups.
5．At 3：30 p．m. a bulletin ________ (release) announcing that the president was out of immediate danger.
6．________ (average), 10 pieces of news are reported bimonthly on each newspaper.
7．As the son of a participant, he'd spent the summers of his childhood ________ (deliver) food in Bernardsville.
8．A parcel containing $100，000 in cash ________ (deliver) to his home.
9．I was ________ (impress) by his straightforward manner.
10．The dogs were leaping and growling at the full stretch of their ________ (chain).
Ⅳ.汉译英
1．这位老板用现金支付员工工资而不是用信用卡。(get sb. /sth. done)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．巧妙的照明确实会让人有屋子空间增大的感觉。(do/does/did＋动词原形)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．安全专家证实说此网站可能会给个人电脑用户带来安全隐患。(宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这个设计是为了尽可能节省空间。(as...as)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．布莱恩·阿尔迪斯写的小说肯定是科幻小说，因为他是著名的科幻作家。(过去分词短语作定语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part B Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．random 2.release 3.phrase 4.parcel 5.chain
Ⅱ.
1．theoretical 2.biweekly bilingual bicolour
3．homework teamwork housework
4．impress impressive 5.sociologist
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．C 2.B 3.B 4.A
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①with ②contacts ③the ④with
2．①above/below ②average ③of ④on average
3．①on ②on ③impression ④impressive ⑤leave/make a good impression on ⑥were impressed with/by
4．①randomly ②at ③at
5．①to pass at ②to associate ③to climb
6．①targets ②on ③for ④missed ⑤ourselves
7．①to ②to deliver ③delivery to ④delivered to
⑤was delivered
8．①was released ②releasing ③from ④from
⑤to release her arms
9．①victories ②is/are scheduled ③a series of
10．①to confirm ②in ③It has been confirmed that
第二版块：重点短语
1．①指的是 ②提及 ③查阅，参考 ④refer to the dictionary/turn to the dictionary ⑤consult the dictionary ⑥look up the new words in the dictionary
2．①based ②Based ③Basing ④is based on ⑤is based on the data ⑥at the base of
第三版块：典型句式
1．①that ②that ③why ④that/which ⑤that
2．①working ②standing ③facing ④broken
⑤sold ⑥released
3．①spends took pay cost ②watching
③to solve
4．①that ②that/who ③It ④It was his client that/who It was when he hung out in the suburb yesterday that
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．random 2.parcel/package 3.releases
4．bimonthly 5.phrase 6.theory 7.chain
8．impression 9.network 10.sociologist
Ⅱ.
1．carry out 2.a series of 3.In the end 4.referred to
5．is based on 6.participated in 7.are impressed with
8．pass through 9.on average 10.are connected to
Ⅲ.
1．theories 2.networks 3.Sociologists 4.randomly
5．was released 6.Averagely 7.delivering
8．was delivered 9.impressed 10.chains
Ⅳ.
1．The boss got his employees paid in cash instead of by credit card.
2．Clever lighting does create an impression of space in a room.
3．Security experts confirmed that the site could compromise PC users' security.
4．The design is intended to use space as economically as possible.
5．The novel written by Brian Aldiss must be science fiction, because he is a well known science fiction writer.Part C Lesson 2 Community Spirit
【学习目标】
课时词汇 additionally, frequently, household, bond, frequently, consequence
常用短语 consist of, be/get involved in, rather than, keep up
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ n. 一家人，同住一栋房子的人
2．____________ n. 市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区
3．____________ n. 纽带，联系
4．____________ vt. 包括，使参加，使参与，需要
5．____________ vt. 拒绝，不接受
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．add v．增加→____________n．增加，加法；增加物→____________ adj.额外的；附加的；另外的→____________ adv.除此之外，此外
2．frequency n. [C，U]频率，频繁→____________ adj.经常发生的→____________ adv.经常地，频繁地
3．consequence n．结果，后果→____________ adj.随之发生的→____________ adv.结果；因此
4．reject vt.拒绝，不接受→____________ n．拒绝
5．bond n．细带，联系→____________过去分词→____________现在分词
第一版块：核心单词
1.additionally adv.除此之外，此外
(教材P108)Additionally, there was very little crime.此外，犯罪很少。
Additionally, you do not have access to the forum freely.
此外，你无权自由访问这个论坛。
add v. 增加
addition n. 增加；加法
additional adj. 附加的，额外的
I am writing in response to your request for additional information.
鉴于您要求额外的信息，我正在写信回复。
词语辨析：in addition与in addition to
in addition“除此之外，另外”，是副词性短语，单独作状语。
in addition to“除……之外(还)”，是短语介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
经典例句：
The products are of high quality. In addition, the price is low.产品质量上乘。另外，价格低廉。
In addition to swimming, she likes playing the guitar.除了游泳，她还喜欢弹吉他。辨析填空：in addition/in addition to
即学即练 单句语法填空
①________ (addition), you can get a participant list and some meeting information.
②The trains and the ships would carry these supplies for a(n) ________ (addition) price.
③________ (addition), they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well.
④I can post the letter for you. ________________， doing some walking does me good.
⑤________________ the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
⑥________________ giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
2．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地 frequent adj.经常的，频繁的 frequency n．发生率；频繁；频率
(教材P12)frequently organised经常组织
I know him, but we don't frequently see each other.
我认识他，但我俩并不常见面。
My mother goes to the grocery frequently to buy what we need.
我妈妈经常去杂货店买我们需要的东西。
frequent adj. 频繁的；经常的
frequency n. 频率；频繁
I am a frequent visitor to the nearby bakery and am familiar with every clerk there.
我是附近那家面包店的常客，熟悉那里的每一个店员。
图文助记：
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He was so engrossed in his work that he ________ (frequent) stayed up until the small hours.
②Still, the ________ (frequent) of whale sightings in the broader area has gone up rapidly in recent years.
③Buses run ________ (frequent) between the city and the airport.
3.household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人 adj.家庭的
(教材P108)In Roseto, almost all households consisted of three generations.
在罗塞托，几乎所有家庭都是三代同堂。
Every household in the district is supposed to be proud of their happy life.
该地区的每个家庭都应该为他们的幸福生活而感到自豪。
There are some similarities between the two households.
这两个家庭之间有一些相似之处。
经典例句：
Being a household name, the director is still modest about his achievements.
作为一个家喻户晓的人物，这个导演对自己的成就仍然很谦虚。
即学即练 完成句子
①The local government provided ________________ (许多家庭) with accommodations after the disaster.
②She was angry with her husband for some ____________________ (家庭琐事).
4．bond
(教材P108)They rejected traditional social bonds.
他们拒绝传统的社会联系。
(1)n.纽带，联系；保释金；结合；枷锁
A bond of friendship has been forged between them.
他们之间形成了一种友谊的纽带。
He was released on $5，000 bond.他以5 000美元取保释放。
a firm bond between the two surfaces两个面之间的牢固接合
to release sb. from their bonds给某人脱去枷锁
(2)v.使牢固结合，把……紧紧地连接到；增强(与某人的)信任关系
bond with 与……建立联系
bond A and B 把A和B牢牢地结合在一起
bond A to B 把A紧紧地连接到B上
bond wood to metal 把木料粘贴在金属上
Being close to nature offers you a chance to bond with your children.
亲近大自然让你有机会和孩子建立(亲子)关系。
经典例句：
Second, the weather allows you to bond with colleagues by giving you a shared interest.
其次，通过给你们一个共同的兴趣，天气可以帮你与同事建立感情。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The agreement strengthened the bonds ________ the two countries.
②It cannot be used ________ (bond) wood to metal.
③Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond ________ their children.
完成句子
④It is a great thing to __________________________ (跟别人建立联系) and it will make some of the best memories.
⑤I do think __________________________ (他与……有联系) the boy in the clinic for they look so alike.
5.consequence n．后果；结果；影响
(教材P108)Well, the consequences of the change followed quickly.
好吧，变化的后果很快就来了。
in consequence/as a consequence 因此，所以
in consequence of/as a consequence of 因为，由于
have consequences 产生后果
accept/take/suffer the consequences 承担后果
face the consequences 面对后果
In his judgement, poverty is a consequence of overpopulation.
在他看来，贫困是人口过多的结果。
Some animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical.已经有一些动物因为接触了这种化学制品而死亡。
词语积累：
consequently adv.因此，所以
consequent adj.随之发生的，作为结果的
consequence n．后果；结果
即学即练 完成句子
①She was over the age limit and, ________________ (因此), her application was rejected.
②She doesn't feel like eating anything ________________ (因为) her sickness.
单句语法填空
③Drunk driving has been banned. ________ (consequent), the traffic accidents are decreasing.
④The fire that broke out in the gallery last night caused great ________ (consequent).
⑤My teacher gave me a lot of encouragement. ________ consequence, I had no difficulty passing the exam.
第二版块：重点短语
1.consist of由……组成/构成(不用于进行时态和被动语态)
This investigation group consisted of ten experts.
这个调查小组由十名专家组成。
consist in 在于，存在于(＝lie in)
consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的
be consistent with 与……一致
Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggles. Remember that your ideal life is not always consistent with reality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，你理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。
易混比较：
The book consists of nineteen chapters.
＝ The book is made up of nineteen chapters.
＝Nineteen chapters make up the book.全书共有19章。
即学即练 完成句子
①The scientific research team ________________ (由……组成) ten experts from different provinces.
＝Ten experts from different provinces ________________ (组成) the scientific research team.
单句语法填空
②Listening is thus active, not passive, behaviour ________ (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering.
③The beauty of the city consists ________ its splendid buildings.
④She came into conflict with her partner for she found what he had done wasn't consistent ________ what he had said.
⑤Life ________ (consist) of not only sunshine but also hard times.
2.be/get involved in参与；与……有关；卷入；专心地(做)
Two cars were involved in the accident.这场事故涉及两辆汽车/两辆汽车卷入这场事故。/两辆汽车与这场事故有关。
involve oneself in sth.＝participate in sth. 参与/参加某事
involve doing sth. 包括做某事
involve sb./sth. doing sth. 需要某人/某物做某事
be involved with 与……关系密切
I regularly involve myself in community activities.
我经常参加社区活动。
The job involves a lot of travel.这工作需要大量的出差。
I don't want to get involved in the quarrel.
我不想卷入这场争吵之中。
归纳拓展：
“与……有关/有联系”的多种表达：
be related to
be linked to
be involved in
be associated with
be connected with
have something to do with
即学即练 单句语法填空
①His job involves ________ (spend) a lot of time with other people.
②We need to consider all the costs ________ (involve) in the project first.
③She was so ________ (involve) in the book ________ she didn't hear the knock.
④Mastering a foreign language involves a lot of ________ (patient).
3.rather than conj. &prep.而不是
(1)rather than常用于平行结构中，连接两个并列成分。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、不定式、动词等。
The problem was psychological rather than physiological.
这个问题是心理方面的而不是生理方面的。
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
He rather than I is wrong.是他，而不是我错了。
(3)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则通常接不带to的不定式。
Rather than surrender to their enemy, the brave soldiers chose to die.
这些勇敢的士兵宁死也不向敌人投降。
学法点拨：
宁愿做……而不愿做……
prefer to do...rather than do...
＝would do...rather than do...
＝would rather do...than do...
这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开而不愿扔掉。
The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
＝The boy would take the toy apart rather than throw it away.
＝The boy would rather take the toy apart than throw it away.
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Who leaves a voice mail message rather than ________ (text) to you
②Facing up to your problems rather than ________ (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.
③Tom rather than you ________ (be) supposed to lose weight.
④Rather than ________ (go) there by air, I'd take the slowest train.
完成句子
⑤We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our disagreements unite, ________________ (而不是) divide us.
⑥It was the culture, ________________________ (而不是语言), that made it hard for the physicist to adapt to the new environment abroad.
4.keep up继续；坚持；保持；维持
We have kept up our friendship for over 20 years.我们的友谊已持续了20多年了。
keep back 阻止；隐瞒；保留；扣下
keep off 避开，不接近
keep on 继续；保持
keep to 坚守；遵守；守信
keep up with 跟上；与……并驾齐驱
keep away from 离开；避开
经典例句：
If you do not keep up with the payments you could lose your home.
如果你不继续付款，你的住房就可能保不住了。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Neither of the librarians told the whole truth and they ________ (keep) something back.
完成句子
②I probably would have continued trying to ________________ (跟上) him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________ (此外), the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions.
2．If you travel ________ (频繁地), find an agency that can change one foreign currency directly into another.
3．She became cooperative: willing to do her homework or help with any ________ (家庭的) chores.
4．The agreement strengthened the ________ (联系，纽带) between the two countries.
5．This decision could have serious ________ (后果) for the agriculture and industry.
Ⅱ.短语填空
consist of, be involved in, keep up, in consequence, be friendly to, rather than
1．He ________________ a correspondence with his friend for over a year now.
2．Generally, Chinese ancient architecture ________________ government architecture and civil architecture.
3．His car alarm had been going off frequently for two days and, ________________， the battery was flat.
4．A team of four ________________ the compilation (编写) of the book and as a consequence, they finished it in time.
5．The girl ________________ me and left me a good impression.
6．I'd like to stay at home, ________________ go out for swimming.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of ________ (addition) stress.
2．However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (婴儿车), she ________ (frequent) records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.
3．This led to an unexpected ________ (consequent), though she had a wonderful time there.
4. A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols ________ (consist) of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward.
5．While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) ________ (consist) of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
6．It was a special time to bond ________ my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
7．I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the ________ (consequent).
Ⅳ.汉译英
1．她不喜欢被别人打扰，是不是？(反意疑问句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．尽管那个年轻人在面试中给我们留下了很好的印象，但我不赞成他的想法。(让步状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．请你把我的电话转给你们的顾客服务部好吗？(Would you please...？)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．在他的鼓励下，我们决定步行去那里而不想等候下一趟公共汽车。(rather than)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．调查显示因特网是世界上最受欢迎的网络。(宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part C Lesson 2 Community Spirit
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．household 2.outskirts 3.bond 4.involve 5.reject
Ⅱ.
1．addition additional additionally 2.frequent frequently
3．consequent consequently 4.rejection 5.bonded bonding
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①Additionally ②additional ③Additionally ④In addition ⑤In addition to ⑥In addition to
2．①frequently ②frequency ③frequently
3．①many households ②household affairs
4．①between ②to bond ③with ④bond with others
⑤there is a bond between him and
5．①in consequence/as a consequence/consequently
②in consequence of/as a consequence of
③Consequently ④consequences ⑤In
第二版块：重点短语
1．①consists of/is made up of make up ②consisting
③in ④with ⑤consists
2．①spending ②involved ③involved that ④patience
3．①texts ②running ③is ④go ⑤rather than
⑥rather than the language
4．①kept ②keep up with
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．Additionally 2.frequently 3.household
4．bond(s) 5.consequences
Ⅱ.
1．has kept up 2.consists of 3.in consequence
4．were involved in 5.was friendly to 6.rather than
Ⅲ.
1．additional 2.frequently 3.consequence
4．consisting 5.consisting 6.with 7.consequences
Ⅳ.
1．She doesn't like being disturbed by others, does she
2．Although the young man made us a good impression in the interview, I don't approve of his idea.
3．Would you please transfer my call to your customer service department
4．With his encouragement, we decided to go there on foot, rather than wait for the next bus.
5．The survey shows that the Internet is the most popular network in the world.Part D Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables
【学习目标】
课时词汇 adopt, apply, freeze, amazement, proceed, reveal, investigate, dare, dive
常用短语 burst into, leave alone, take up
典型句式 1.从属连词as引导的五种状语从句 2．if引导的虚拟条件句
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ vt. 握紧，抱紧
n. 紧握，紧抱
2．____________ adj. 挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
3．____________ vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水
4．____________ vi. 继续进行，继续做
5．____________ adj. 空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的
6．____________ n. 绝望
7．____________ n. 孤儿
8．____________vt. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露
9．____________ vi. 皱眉
10．____________ n. &vi. 胆敢，敢于
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．investigate vi. &vt.查明，调查，侦查→____________ n．调查，侦查
2．adopt vi. &vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度→____________ n．采用；收养；领养→____________ adj.收养的，有收养关系的
3．bone n．骨头；骨质物→____________ adj.骨瘦如柴
4．resolute adj.坚决的→____________ adv.坚决地，坚定地
5．amaze v．使惊奇；使惊愕→____________ n．吃惊，惊奇
6．storm n．风暴→____________ adj.暴风雨的；激烈的→____________ adv.剧烈地，暴风骤雨地
7．approve vt.批准，赞成→____________ vi.不赞成，不同意→____________ n．同意，赞成，批准
8．pain n．疼痛 vt.使痛苦；使烦恼→____________ adj.令人痛苦的，令人疼痛的→____________ adv.令人痛苦地，费力地
9．orphan n．孤儿→____________ n．孤儿院
10．deep adj. &adv.深的(地)→____________ adv.深深地→____________ vt.加深→____________ n．深度
[词语积累]
[1] gable/'ɡe b l/n.山墙，三角墙
[2] be set on以……为背景；以……为场景
[3] apply to do sth.申请做某事
[4] adopt/ 'd pt/vi. &vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度
[5] orphanage n．孤儿院
[6] due to由于；因为
[7] mix-up n．错误；混乱
[8] stiff/st f/adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
[9] freeze/fri z/vi. &vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结
[10] amazement/ 'me zm nt/
n．吃惊，惊奇
in amazement惊讶地，吃惊地
[11] clasp/klɑ sp/vt.握紧，抱紧
n．紧握，紧抱
[12] burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
[13] proceed/pr 'si d/vi.继续进行，继续做
[14] stormily adv.剧烈地；暴风骤雨般地
[15] reveal/r 'vi l/vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露
[16] tear-stained/'t ste nd/
adj.有泪痕的
[17] orphan/' f n/n.孤儿
[18] investigate/ n'vest ɡe t/
vi. &vt.查明，调查，侦查
[19] have no appetite没有胃口；没有食欲
[20] sigh/sa /n. &vi.叹息，叹气
[21] in the depths of在……的深处
[22] despair/d 'spe /n.绝望
[23] decide on决定；选定
[24] three-legged adj.三条腿的
[25] bedclothes n．床上用品
[26] dare/de /n. &vi.胆敢，敢于
[27] put out熄灭；出版；生产
[28] set...on fire放火烧……
[29] look around环顾四周
[30] painfully adv.令人痛苦地，费力地
painful adj.令人痛苦的；令人疼痛的；不愉快的
pain n．疼痛 v．使痛苦；使烦恼
[31] bare/be /adj.空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的
[32] faucet/'f s t/n.水龙头
[33] shiver/' v /n. &vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖
[34] bone/b n/n.骨头；骨质物
[35] sob/s b/n. &vi. &vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉
[36] pillow/'p l /n.枕头
[37] awkwardly adv.笨拙地；局促地
awkward adj.令人尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的
[38] disapprovingly adv.不以为然地；不赞成地
disapproving adj.表示反对的；不赞成的
disapprove v．不赞成；不同意
approve v．批准；赞成；认可
[39] dive/da v/vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水
[40] put away放好；储存
[41] frown/fra n/vi.皱眉
[42]resolutely/'rez lu tli/
adv.坚决地，坚定地
Anne of Green Gables[1]
Thestoryisseton[2]Canada'sPrinceEdwardIslandearlyinthe 20thcentury. Abrotherandsister, MatthewandMarillaliveonafarmcalled “GreenGables”. Theyapplyto[3]adopt[4]aboyfromanorphanage[5]astheyneedhelpontheirfarm 【1】. Dueto[6]amix-up[7]， theyaresentared-haired 11-year-oldgirlnamedAnne. Onthedaysheisduetoarrive, Matthewpicksherupatthetrainstation...
【1】此句为主从复合句，其中as引导原因状语从句。
Marilla saw Matthew in the front yard and immediately rushed to the door. But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff[8]， ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze[9] in amazement[10]. “Matthew Cuthbert, who's that？” she asked. “Where is the boy？”
“There wasn't any boy，” said Matthew. “There was only her.”
He nodded at the child, remembering that he had never even asked her name 【2】．
“No boy! But there must have been a boy 【3】，” insisted Marilla. “We sent word to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy.”
“Well, she didn't. She brought her. She arrived at train station and couldn't be left there alone 【4】．”
During this dialogue the child had remained silent. Suddenly she seemed to grasp the full meaning of what had been said 【5】. She sprang forward a step and clasped[11] her hands.
“You don't want me！” the girl cried. “You don't want me because I'm not a boy! I might have expected it. I might have known it was all too beautiful to last. I might have known nobody really did want me 【6】. Oh, what am I going to do I'm going to burst into[12] tears！”
Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded[13] to cry stormily[14] 【7】. Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of them knew what to say or do. Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child.
“Well, well, there's no need to cry so about it.”
“Yes, there is need！”The child raised her head, revealing[15] a tear-stained[16] face 【8】. “You would cry, too, if you were an orphan[17] and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn't want you because you weren't a boy 【9】．”
“Well, don't cry anymore. We're not going to send you off tonight. You'll have to stay here until we investigate[18] this affair. What's your name？”
“Anne，” said the child sadly.
“Well, come along, Anne. It's dinner time.”
【2】此句为主从复合句，句子主干为He nodded at the child，现在分词短语remembering...作伴随状语，that he had never even asked her name作remembering的宾语。
【3】此句为must have done结构，用于肯定句中，对过去发生的事进行肯定推测。
【4】此句为简单句，含有两个并列谓语，其中第二个谓语为情态动词的被动形式。此句可转换为并列句“She arrived at the train station and we couldn't leave her there alone.”。
【5】此句为主从复合句，what引导的从句作介词of的宾语。
【6】此处连续三个句子含有might have done结构。may/might have done表示“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
【7】此句为简单句，其中三个并列的现在分词短语Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it和burying her face in them作伴随状语。
【8】此句为简单句，revealing a tear-stained face作伴随状语，表示与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生的动作。
【9】此句为主从复合句，if引导的从句是一个虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，这时条件状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
They all sat down for dinner but Anne could not eat. She tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam out of the little glass dish by her plate but she had no appetite[19]. “You're not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply, eying her as if it were a serious problem 【10】. Anne sighed[20].
“I can't. I'm in the depths of[21]despair[22]. Can you eat when you are in the depths of despair？”
“I've never been in the depths of despair, so I can't say，” responded Marilla.
“Weren't you Well, did you ever try to imagine you were in the depths of despair？”
“No, I didn't.”
“I guess she's tired，” said Matthew. “Best put her to bed, Marilla.”
【10】此句是主从复合句，现在分词短语eying her后面跟了由as if引导的状语从句。该状语从句是虚拟语气在as if/though引导的状语从句中的应用。若表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，从句中的谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
Marilla had been wondering where Anne should be put to bed 【11】. She decided on[23] the small bedroom on the first floor. She lit a candle and told Anne to follow her, which Anne did, taking her hat and bag from the hall table as she passed 【12】. The hall was perfectly clean; the little room in which she found herself seemed still cleaner 【13】．
Marilla set the candle on a three-legged[24] table and turned down the bedclothes[25].
“Well, undress as quick as you can and go to bed. I'll come back in a few minutes for the candle. I daren't[26] trust you to put it out[27] yourself. You'd likely set the place on fire[28].”
When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around[29] her sadly. The whitewashed walls were so painfully[30]bare[31]. The floor was bare, too. In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. Midway between table and bed was the window, with an icy white curtain over it 【14】. There was no restroom, but there was a wash stand with a faucet[32] in the other corner. The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming, which sent a shiver[33] through Anne's bones[34]【15】. With a sob[35] she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow[36] and pulled the clothes over her head.
When Marilla came up for the light, she saw the untidy way the clothing had been thrown on the floor. She carefully picked up Anne's clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking up the candle, went over to the bed.
“Good night，” she said, a little awkwardly[37], but not unkindly.
Anne's white face and big eyes appeared over the bedclothes. “How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I've ever had？” she said disapprovingly[38]. Then she dived[39] down into the bedclothes again.
To bed went Matthew. And to bed, when she had put her dishes away[40] , went Marilla, frowning[41] most resolutely[42] . And up-stairs, in the east gable, a lonely, heart-hungry, friendless child cried herself to sleep.
【11】此句为主从复合句，where引导的从句作wondering的宾语；主句时态为过去完成进行时，它表示该动作从过去的过去开始，一直延续到过去某个时间点。
【12】此句为主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句；as引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语taking...作伴随状语。
【13】此句以分号为界，前后为并列分句；后一个分句是主从复合句，含有in which引导的定语从句。
【14】此句为倒装句，表方位的词位于句首引起完全倒装，with an icy white curtain over it为with复合结构作定语，修饰the window。
【15】此句为主从复合句，which指代前面整个主句的内容。
绿山墙(gable)的安妮
(故事以20世纪初加拿大的爱德华王子岛为背景。马修和玛丽拉是一对兄妹，他们住在一个叫做“绿山墙”的农场里。他们申请从一家孤儿院领养(adopt)一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。因为出了差错，一个名叫安妮的红头发的11岁女孩被送来了。她应该到达的日子到了，马修去火车站接她……)
玛丽拉看见马修到前院了，立刻冲到门口。但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身(stiff：硬的)又难看、长着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊(amazement)呆(freeze)了。
“马修·卡斯伯特，她是谁？那个男孩子呢？”她问道。
“没有男孩子，只有她在那里。”马修答道。
他向那孩子点了点头，突然想起自己甚至还没有问过女孩儿的名字。
“没有男孩儿！可是一定得有个男孩儿，”玛丽拉坚持说。“我们给斯宾塞太太捎口信要带个男孩子来的呀。”
“好吧，她没有。斯宾塞太太只带来了这个孩子。她到了火车站，总不能把她一个人扔在那儿吧。”
俩人说话时，这孩子一声不吭。突然，她似乎完全明白了他们说话的意思。她冲上前一步，双手紧握(clasp)。
“你们不想要我！”她大喊道。“你们不想要我，就因为我不是男孩儿！我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。哦，我该怎么办呀？我马上就要(burst into：突然……起来)哭出来了！”
她立刻哭了起来。她一下坐到桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，放声大哭(proceed：继续进行)。玛丽拉和马修面面相觑，都不知道该说什么，也不知道该做点儿什么。最后玛丽拉走上前试图安慰这个孩子。
“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”
“有，有必要！”那孩子抬起头，露出(reveal)一张泪痕斑斑的(tear-stained)脸。“如果你是个孤儿(orphan)，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。”
“好吧，别再哭了。今晚我们不会送你走的。在我们搞清楚(investigate)这件事之前，你先待在这儿。你叫什么名字？”
“我叫安妮，”孩子悲伤地说。
“好的，来吧，安妮，该吃晚饭了。”
他们都坐下来吃饭，但安妮吃不下。她试图吃点儿面包、黄油和摆在她盘子旁边小玻璃碟里的苹果酱，但一点胃口都没有。
“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。安妮叹了口气(sigh)。
“我吃不下。我彻底绝望(despair)了。你彻底绝望的时候还能吃得下东西吗？”
“我从来没有完全绝望的时候，所以没法回答，”玛丽拉回答道。
“你没有过吗？好吧，那你有没有试图想象自己陷入了绝望的深渊？”
“不，没想过。”
“我想她一定是累了，”马修说，“最好让她去睡觉吧，玛丽拉。”
玛丽拉一直在想应该让安妮睡在哪里，最后决定安排在二楼的小卧室。她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌子上拿起自己的帽子和包。大厅非常干净，她发现自己进来的这间小屋似乎更干净。
玛丽拉把蜡烛放在一张三腿桌上，铺开床褥。
“好了，赶快脱掉衣服上床睡觉吧。几分钟后我会回来拿蜡烛。我可不放心(dare：胆敢)让你自己吹灭蜡烛。你很可能会放火烧了这个地方。”
玛丽拉走后，安妮悲伤地环顾四周。四周的墙壁粉刷得雪白，什么装饰也没有(bare：空的)。地板上也空荡荡的。角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。桌子和床的中间有一扇窗，窗上挂着一块冰白色的窗帘。房间里没有洗手间，但另一个角落有一个带水龙头(faucet)的洗漱台。整个房间让人感到寒冷而陌生，安妮浑身(bone：骨头)打了个冷战(shiver)。她抽泣(sob)着，迅速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头(pillow)里，拉过棉被蒙住脑袋。
玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上，便仔细地拾起衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。
“晚安，”她口气有些生硬，但透着一丝温情说。
安妮从被子里露出苍白的脸蛋和大眼睛。“你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？”她反驳道。然后她又钻进(dive)了被子里。
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地(resolutely：坚决地)皱着眉头(frown)，也回到房间休息了。楼上东山墙那边的房间里，一个孤独、心灰意冷、没有朋友的孩子，哭泣着进入了梦乡。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．How did Marilla feel the first time she saw Anne
A．Surprised. B．Delighted.
C．Sad. D．Calm.
2．When did Anne burst into tears
A．After Marilla saw her.
B．After Marilla quarrelled with Matthew.
C．After they had dinner.
D．Before she got to sleep.
3．Why did Marilla come back and take away the only candle
A．She had no other candle to use.
B．She was cruel to Anne.
C．She was afraid that Anne would set the place on fire.
D．She didn't like Anne.
4．Why couldn't Anne eat when she tried to enjoy the food
A．She hated all those foods.
B．She was tired.
C．She didn't like Marilla at all.
D．She was in the depths of despair.
第一版块：核心单词
1．adopt vi. &vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度
(教材P14)They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.
他们申请从一家孤儿院领养一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
To be accurate, the woman adopted 11 children in her life.
准确地说，这个女人一生中收养了11个孩子。
adopt an approach/a policy/an attitude采取某种方法/政策/态度
They adopted a new technique in raising sheep.
他们采用了一种新的养羊技术。
adopt a new technique 采用新技术
adopt an approach/a policy/an attitude 采取一种方法/政策/态度
adopt a suggestion 采纳某一建议
adopt a child 收养孩子
归纳拓展：
adopted adj.收养的，领养的
adoption n．收养；采用；选定
His adopted son paid a visit to him frequently when he lived in the countryside.
他住在乡下时，他的养子经常去看他。
形近词：adapt v．(使)适应；改编
adapt (oneself) to(使自己)适应……(to是介词)
be adapted for被改编成……
be adapted from改编自……
经典例句：
The TV play was adapted from a novel.
这部电视剧是由一部小说改编而来的。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①They had to have their son ________ (adopt) for lack of money in the past.
②With a new teaching approach ________ (adopt), the students are becoming more and more interested in their study.
③We argued her into the ________ (adopt) of the plan.
辨析填空：adopt/adapt
④To his parents' satisfaction, he ________ a positive attitude to his study and life.
⑤The young couple had no children of their own and ________ an orphan. After a few months, the orphan came to ________ to his new life.
2.apply v．申请；适用；应用
apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply to... 适用于……
apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply oneself to... 致力于……，专心于……
They may apply to join the organization.他们可以申请加入该组织。
You should apply in person/by letter.你应该当面/写信申请。
The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术被应用于农业。
She applied for a job with the local newspaper.
她申请当地报社的一个职位。
归纳拓展：
applied adj.应用的；实用的
applied science应用科学
applied psychology应用心理学
application n．申请；应用；涂抹
an application form申请表
an application letter申请信
applicant n．申请人
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Students learned the practical ________ (apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
完成句子
②当面临作出选课的最终决定时，我决定申请反映我兴趣的那门课。
When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to ________________ the one that reflected my interest.
③我写信是想申请加入其中，我认为我能胜任这份工作。
I'm writing to ________________ join it, thinking that I'm well qualified for the job.
④如果你尽全力做这份工作，我认为你很快就会得到提升。
If you ________________ the job, in my opinion, you'll soon get promoted.
3.freeze vi. &vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结
(教材P14)．..she froze in amazement.……她惊呆了。
(1)nearly freeze to death 差点冻死
freeze with horror 吓呆了
freeze up (突然)呆住；冻住
freeze over (表面)结冰，封冻
freeze wages 冻结工资
sb.'s blood freezes 某人的血液凝固
(2)frozen adj. 冻僵的；冷冻的
be frozen with horror 吓呆
be frozen to death 被冻死
The ground froze solid.地面冻实了。
It's so cold that even the river has frozen.天气冷得河都封冻了。
The cold weather has frozen the ground.寒冷的天气使地面都冻硬了。
归纳拓展：
freezing adj. &adv.冰冻的(地)，极冷的(地)
n．冰点
freezing cold严寒；相当冷
a freezing winter寒冷的冬季
freezing fog冰雾
freezing point冰点
above/below freezing在冰点以上/以下
学法点拨：
freezing cold极冷
burning hot炎热
pretty ill病得厉害
freezing，burning，pretty用作副词，意为“非常，颇”
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be ________ (freeze) cold.
②I nearly ________ (freeze) to death watching that football match.
③Her fingers were ________ in the ________ weather. (freeze)
完成句子
④__________________________ (气温仅仅到冰点以下) when we left.
4．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇
(1)to one's amazement 令某人惊奇的是
in amazement 惊奇地
(2)an amazing achievement/discovery/performance
惊人的成就/发现/表演
find sb. /sth. amazing 觉得……了不起
It is amazing that/how... ……真是惊人
(3)be amazed at/by/that... 对……大为惊奇
be amazed to do sth. 因做某事而感到惊讶
Much to my amazement, the fire led to such a serious consequence.
令我非常吃惊的是，这场火灾导致了如此严重的后果。
He stood there, staring at the painting hanging in the gallery in amazement.
他站在那里，吃惊地盯着挂在画廊里的那幅画。
词语积累：
amaze vt. 使惊奇
amazed adj. 惊奇的，惊讶的
be amazed at/by对……感到惊讶
be amazed to see/find惊讶地看到/发现……
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
amazement n．吃惊，惊奇
即学即练 单句语法填空
①It is ________ (amaze) that such a girl working in a bakery to make a living should be so honest.
②Visitors are often ________ (amaze) to discover how little the ancient town has changed.
③From his ________ look, I knew John couldn't understand your ________ opinion about the universe. (amaze)
④I'm amazed ________ (hear) from my school teacher again. It has been ten years since we met last time.
⑤To our ________， the boy should have completed such an ________ performance, at which we were so ________ that we all watched in ________． (amaze)
5．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做；行进；前往
(教材P14)．..she proceeded to cry stormily.……她继续放声大哭。
proceed with 继续做
proceed to do sth. 接着做某事
Work is proceeding slowly.工作进展缓慢。
Having said she wasn't hungry, she then proceeded to order a three-course meal.她先说不饿，接着点了一份有三道菜的饭。
Passengers for Rome should proceed to Gate 32 for boarding.
前往罗马的旅客，请到32号登机口登机。
归纳拓展：
proceed from从……出发
proceed against起诉；控诉
to proceed接着
即学即练 单句语法填空
①We're not sure whether we still want to proceed ________ the sale.
②He outlined his plans and then proceeded ________ (explain) them in more detail.
6．reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露
(教材P14)The child raised her head, revealing a tearstained face.
那孩子抬起头，露出一张泪痕斑斑的脸。
reveal...to... 向……泄露……
Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper.
地方报纸披露了谋杀的细节。
经典例句：
It was revealed that important evidence had been given away.
据透露，重要的证据被泄露了。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She revealed the secret ________ her best friend accidentally.
完成句子
②________________________________ (据透露) he would be sent to the city and work there for two months.
③In some cases, a simple search on the Internet can ________________________________ (透露你想什么).
7．investigate vi. &vt.查明，调查，侦查
(教材P15)You'll have to stay here until we investigate this affair.
在我们搞清楚这件事之前，你先待在这儿。
investigate the incident 调查此事件
investigate the accident 调查此次事故
investigate their suggestions 调查他们的建议
The police set out to investigate whether the author had some sorts of links with the media.警方着手调查那位作者是否与媒体有某种联系。
The FBI has been called in to investigate.联邦调查局奉命进行调查。
词语积累：
investigation n．调查；侦查
investigator n．调查者；侦查员
经典例句：
The research investigates how foreign speakers gain fluency.
这项研究旨在调查讲外语的人如何增加流利程度。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①This is not the first time that he has been investigated by the police ________ breaking the rules.
②The police have completed their ________ (investigate) into the accident.
③The poisoning incident in the canteen ________ (investigate).
完成句子
④Scientists ________________________ (正在研究……的作用) diet on fighting cancer.
8.dare
(教材P15)I daren't trust you to put it out yourself.
我可不放心让你自己吹灭蜡烛。
(1)n.胆敢，敢于；挑战，激将
He climbed onto the roof for a dare.他受到激将爬上了房顶。
(2)v.胆敢，敢于
①通常与一般动词一样构成否定式和疑问式，后接带to的动词不定式，常用于否定句中：
He didn't dare to tell his wife that he had their daughter adopted.
他不敢告诉他的妻子他把女儿送人了。
②dare亦可作情态动词，尤其在英式英语中的现在时否定式中，后接不带to的动词不定式：
Dare we admit this？我们敢承认这件事吗？
The little girl daren't go out on such a freezing night for fear that she would be frozen to death.这个小女孩不敢在这样寒冷的夜晚出去，她怕被冻死。
归纳总结：
情态动词：多用于否定句和疑问句中
dare not (daren't) do不敢做……
Dare I/you/he...？我/你/他敢……吗？
How dare you...？你竟敢……？
I dare say....我想……；我认为……
实义动词：在人称、数和时态等形式变化上与其他实义动词相同
dare to do敢做……
don't/doesn't dare to do不敢做……
即学即练 完成句子
①He ________________ (不敢说出) what he thought.
②They ____________________ (不敢要) any more money.
③____________________(你竟敢)talk to me like that
9．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水；俯冲 (dived/dove; dived)n．跳水，潜水；猛扑，冲
(教材P15)Then she dived down into the bedclothes again.
然后她又钻进了被子里。
dive into 一心投入；迅速把手伸入；(头朝下)跳入
dive for sth. 扑向某物
dive from the diving board 从跳板上跳水
go diving 去潜水
dive from 10，000 feet to 5，000 从一万英尺下降到5000英尺
dive vertically 垂直俯冲
dive forward 向前俯冲
As soon as he undertook this task, he dived into his work.
他一承担这项任务，就埋头于工作。
She dived into her pocket and took out a gold chain.
她迅速把手伸入口袋掏出了一条金链子。
He dived into the river to save the goat.他一头跳进河里，去救那只山羊。
归纳拓展：
go into a steep dive开始陡直俯冲
pull out of a dive停止俯冲
make/take a dive for...冲向……
经典例句：
She made a dive for the door.
她冲向门口。
There would be a dive for the bar as soon as the show finished.
表演一结束，人们就会冲向酒吧。
即学即练 写出句中dive into的含义
①Just then, the man dived into the bag and took out a sharp knife.____________
②Find a hobby or an activity you enjoy and dive into it.____________
③You should dive into the sea to find a pearl.____________
单句语法填空
④She did a beautiful dive ________ the pool.
⑤She ________ (dive) into academic studies.
⑥All the pupils made a dive ________ the playground the moment the bell began ringing.
第二版块：重点短语
1.burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
(教材P14)I'm going to burst into tears！我马上就要哭出来了！
The little girl burst into tears when she heard the news that her parents intended to have her adopted.
当听到她的父母打算让别人收养她的消息时，那个小女孩突然哭了起来。
When I was fixing my eyes on the theory on the forum, I burst out laughing.
当我的眼睛盯着论坛上的理论时，我突然大笑起来。
burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
burst into laughter＝burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
误区警示：
burst into＋n.＝burst out＋doing，意为“突然开始(某事)，突然发生……”。burst into除了表示“突然……起来”之外，还可表示“突然闯入”之意。into是介词，后接宾语。burst in也表示“突然闯入”之意，但in是副词，后不接宾语。burst in on sb./sth.突然闯进而打断某人/某事物。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I walked in and everyone burst ________ laughter, which made me embarrassed.
②One minute she burst into ________ (tear) and the next minute she burst out ________ (laugh). We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment.
完成句子
③On hearing the joke，we ________________________ (突然大笑起来).
④When he found his lost son in the bakery, he ________________________ (突然大哭起来).
2.leave alone不管；不打扰；让(某人)独自待着；不处理(某事)
I wish you just go away and leave me alone.
我希望你走开，让我一个人待着。
They left the child alone in the house all night.
他们把那孩子整夜独自留在家中。
归纳拓展：
leave for动身去
leave behind落下，忘带；留下；把……抛在后面
leave aside搁置一边，不考虑
leave out遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落
feel left out感觉被冷落
leave off停止，中断
即学即练 单句语法填空
①When it comes to other people's arguments, it's better ________ (leave) them alone.
②We were never actually ________ (leave) behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.
3．take up拿起；占用；开始从事；接受；继续
These boxes of yours took up too much room/space.
你这些箱子占去了太多的空间。
The man took up English at fifty, and now he can use the language freely.
那个人50岁开始对学习英语感兴趣，现在他能自如地运用这门语言了。
take up room/space 占空间
take up one's time 占用某人的时间
take up duties 履行职责
take up writing 开始从事写作
take up a new subject 开始研究一个新课题
take up the challenge 接受挑战
take up the story 把故事继续讲下去
归纳拓展：
take away带走；拿走；清除
take after长得像
take notice of注意到
take in吸收；欺骗
take on呈现；雇用
take back收回(诺言)；带回
take over接管；占领
take off(飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)；突然大受欢迎；休假
即学即练 完成句子
①你能推荐一位能承担相应工作的同学吗？
Can you recommend a classmate who can ________________ the corresponding job
②他听了天文学家作的报告，但没听懂多少。
He listened to the lecture made by the astronomer, but did not ________________ much.
③一些昆虫通过呈现它们周围环境的颜色来保护自己。
Some insects ________________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
④亨利写道，是他的一些同事激励他接受这次挑战的。
Henry wrote that it was some of his colleagues who inspired him ________________ the challenge.
⑤汽车与减少扩张的观念背道而驰，它们占用的地方和产生的影响使城市体验不那么令人愉快。
Cars go against the idea of reducing spread and make city experience less enjoyable by the area they ________________ and the impact they have.
第三版块：典型句式
1.从属连词as引导的五种状语从句
(1)as引导原因状语从句
(教材P14)They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.他们申请从一家孤儿院领养一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
[句式分析] 此句是主从复合句，其中从属连词as引导原因状语从句。
As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.
由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。
(2)as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.她在我做饭时走过来。
(3)as引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。
Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。
Try as he might, he still found the work in the clinic in the suburb more than a little challenging.尽管他努力了，他还是觉得郊区诊所的工作很有挑战性。
(4) as表示“按照”“依照”“像”，引导方式状语从句，从句置于主句之后。
You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当按照老师告诉你的去做。
(5) as引导比较状语从句
Jack doesn't study as hard as Tom does.杰克学习不如汤姆努力。
知识归纳：
as的用法归纳总结：as作为介词时，用法和意义较单一，其含义为“作为”。但是as作为连词词性时，其用法和功能较多，可以引导各类从句，as引导原因状语从句、时间状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和定语从句。
经典例句：
Much as I like it, I won't buy it.
虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买它。
Young as my sister is, she often gives me encouragement when I am in despair.虽然我妹妹很年轻，但她经常在我绝望时给我鼓励。
教师提示：
在做as引导的让步状语从句时，首先要分清句子从句属于哪种结构，然后对照例题和讲解，弄清倒装的具体方式和该注意的易错点。只有这样才能把题做对。
即学即练 判断as引导的是哪种状语从句
①The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth.____________
②Fast as you read, you can't finish the book in two days.____________
③As he hasn't finished his homework, he can't go hiking in the suburb with his friends.____________
④Hard as steel is, it will bend or break under the action of a strong force.____________
⑤As the steam expands, the temperature falls.____________
⑥The necklace was as good as the one he lent me.____________
单句语法填空
⑦The runners started ________ the gun went off.
⑧Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
⑨________ time goes by, he gradually takes an interest in his work and dives into it heart and soul.
2.if引导的虚拟条件句
(教材P14)You would cry, too, if you were an orphan and had come to a place...如果你是个孤儿，来到一个……的地方，你也会哭的。
[句式分析] (1)if引导的从句是一个虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，这时条件状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
If I were you, I wouldn't turn down his invitation to the cinema.
如果我是你，我就不会拒绝他看电影的邀请。
If he had time，he should go with you.如果他有时间，他会和你一起去。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination.
如果他采纳了我的建议，他就能成功通过考试。
(3)表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时或“should/were to＋动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
如果明天下雨，足球赛就延期。
误区警示：
if引导的虚拟条件句中谓语部分有were，助动词had，should时，可省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装结构。
Were I in his position (＝If I were in his position), I wouldn't do it that way.如果我在他的位置，我不会那么做。
Hadn't you helped me (＝If you hadn't helped me), I would have failed.
要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Should it snow tomorrow (＝If it should snow tomorrow), what should we do？万一明天下雪，我们该怎么办？
即学即练 单句语法填空
①If I ________ (have) HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
②If I were you, I ________ (give) the AIDS patient a hug.
③If I ________ (take) your advice, I wouldn't have made a mistake.
④If he ________ (be) there, it wouldn't have happened.
⑤If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, they wouldn't go for an outing.
⑥I think we ________ (do) it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.
⑦If we were to have three days off, we ________ (enjoy) a very happy life.
⑧Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
将下列句子改为倒装句
⑨If I were you, I would accept the part-time job in the bakery.
→__________________________， I would accept the part-time job in the bakery.
⑩If I should have time tomorrow, I would ride to the suburb with my best friends.
→____________________________ tomorrow, I would ride to the suburb with my best friends.
If I had adopted the homeless dog, it wouldn't have been frozen to death.
→__________________________ the homeless dog, it wouldn't have been frozen to death.
3.情态动词＋have done
(教材P14)I might have expected it.我早就应该料到。
[句式分析] might have expected为“情态动词＋have done”结构，表示对过去发生事情的推测，表示过去可能发生了什么。
“情态动词＋ have done”结构既可以表示虚拟语气的意义，也可以表示对过去发生事情的推断。
must have done 过去一定做了……
can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做过……
might have done 过去或许做了……
should/ought to have done 本该做……而未做
shouldn't/ought not to have done 本不该做……却做了
needn't have done 本没有必要做……却做了
could have done 本来能够做……而未做
To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.
想想看，他本可以偷走这些钱，花钱找个地方住下，今晚他却睡在大街上。
George can't have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.
乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。
经典例句：
They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.他们如果再往前开几千米，也许会找到一家更好的旅馆。
经典例句：
You needn't have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health.你昨晚本来不必工作到那么晚的。那对你的健康有害。
即学即练 根据上下文，完成句子
①They ________________ (could, help) us, but they didn't.
②You ________________ (can, catch) the bus, but you didn't. What a pity!
③If you ________________ (listen) to her carefully, you ________________ (could, understand) what she taught us in class.
④My umbrella is gone. I ________________ (must, leave) it on the bus.
⑤Bill ________________ (must, play) all night—he falls asleep in class.
⑥You ________________ (must, have) a pleasant time yesterday.
⑦I ________________ (should, watch) the match last night, but I was too busy.
⑧You ________________ (ought to, not, leave) the baby alone at home. It's not safe!
⑨I haven't seen Ben for weeks. He ________________ (may, go) on holiday.
⑩It's only ten minutes' walk. You ________________ (need, not, take) a taxi.
4.as if仿佛，好像(＝as though)
(教材P15)“You're not eating anything，” said Marilla sharply, eyeing her as if it were a serious problem.
“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。
[句式分析]
(1)as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气表示所述的情况与事实不符。
虚拟情况 as if从句谓语动词
与现在事实不符 过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实不符 had＋过去分词
与将来事实不符 would/could/might＋动词原形
They treat me as though I were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。(实际上我和他们是熟人)
(2)as if引导的从句有时也可以用陈述语气，表示说话者认为从句所述的情况是事实。
He looked as if he was about to burst into tears.
他看上去好像要哭起来了。(事实上真是要哭)
(3)as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式。结构：as if＋分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语等。
She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。
用法讲解：
as if/though在look, seem, feel等连系动词后引导表语从句，还可引导方式状语从句。
经典例句：
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟，实际上没断)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①It seems as if he ________ rapidly ________ (be, leave) the others behind.
②More generally, the Internet functions as if it ________ (be) my memory.
③He talks about Rome as if he ________ (be) there before.
完成句子
④他完全无视这些事实，好像它们根本不存在似的。
He completely ignored these facts as if/though they ________________．
⑤除去食物中的脂肪和盐时，食物尝起来好像少了什么。
When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes ________________ it is missing something.
5.There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要。
(教材P14)Well, well, there's no need to cry so about it.
好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。
归纳拓展：
There is no point in doing sth.
做某事没有道理或意义
There is no question of sb. doing sth.某人做某事是不可能的
There is no possibility that...
……是不可能的
There is no doubt that...
……是毫无疑问的
即学即练 单句语法填空
①There is no doubt ________ it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
②I could see that there was no need ________ (apologise) to her.
③There was no point ________ having an argument with your classmates.
④There is no question ________ me ________ (go) to her help.
⑤There is no ________ (possible) ________ we will leave the baby alone at home.
6．完全倒装：介词短语＋谓语＋主语
(教材P15)In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood.角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。
[句式分析]
(1)完全倒装就是将谓语全部置于主语之前。表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词如lie，stand，sit，exist等或系动词be，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装。
In front of our house stands a big tree.我们的房子前有一棵大树。
(2)完全倒装的其他情况：
①当副词here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away等置于句首，谓语动词是come，go，run，rush，fly等，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装。这种情况常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
②there be/lie/stand/appear/remain...结构。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有座庙。
经典例句：
Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
Out rushed a dog.
一条狗冲了出来。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①On the wall ________ (hang) a map of the world.
②Above me ________ (be) the calm surface of the sea.
③By the window ________ (sit) a young man with a magazine in his hand.
完成句子
④大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。
The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. ________________ many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
⑤这里有一些技巧可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的好感。
________________ a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
⑥接下来到了分享这一天新学到的东西的时刻了。
________________ the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
7．insist＋宾语从句
(教材P14)She insisted that there must have been a boy.
她坚持说一定得有个男孩儿。
[句式分析] insist用法
(1)作“坚持要求”讲，从句用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形，should可省略)。
(2)作“坚持认为，坚持说”讲，从句用陈述语气，用所需的各种时态。
She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station.
她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
教师提醒：
同类用法的词还有suggest：
(1)suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后面的that从句的谓语用陈述语气。
The expression on his face suggested that he was angry.
他脸上的表情表明他生气了。
(2)suggest作“建议”讲时，其后面的that从句的谓语用“(should＋)do”形式。
He suggested that we (should) start early.他建议我们早动身。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I insist that the project ________________ (carry) out on schedule.
②He insisted that the identity of a person couldn't ________________ (change).
③Papa insisted that we ________________ (learn) at least one new thing each day.
④The astronomer insisted that he ________________ (act) out of compassion.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Detailed study of folk music from a variety of countries ________ (显露) many close parallels.
2．Born an ________ (孤儿), he applied to the school for financial help.
3．The government is determined to ________ (调查) this case thoroughly.
4．Mother ________ (叹息) as she listened to the latest argument coming from the living room.
5．She hated being disturbed and finished what she had to say with a gesture of ________ (绝望).
6．Her gown was thin, and she ________ (发抖), partly from the freezing weather.
7．The company ________ (采取) different management methods according to different network members.
8．When it came to the forum, they stopped in their tracks and stared at him in ________ (吃惊).
9．With one last ________ (紧握) of his hand, she left him and went to the bakery.
10．Passengers for Rome should ________ (继续进行) to Gate 32 for boarding.
Ⅱ.短语填空
burst into, be the despair of (sb.), in amazement, leave alone, turn down, take up, put away, look around, approve of, pick up
1．Tomorrow I want you to ________________ the canteen to see if other people are eating by themselves.
2．I make sure my house is thoroughly clean, and all knives ________________.
3．She ________________ tears, releasing all her pent-up emotions.
4．Additionally, I didn't understand why they ________________ your proposal.
5．We watched ________________ as she tore up the contract and threw it.
6．He ________________， with no one to look after him when the depressing disease broke out.
7．Remember that time she ________________ my daughter during the outbreak of the disease
8．My handwriting ________________ my teachers.
9．I know you have some crucial tasks to deal with so I don't want to ________________ too much of your time.
10．You arrive at a good decision, and I thoroughly ________________ it.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The company has announced that it will undertake a full ________ (investigate) into the accident.
2．The boy had ________ (bare) started to learn the new phrases when his parents interrupted him.
3．The household might need some new blankets and ________ (pillow) to decorate the apartment.
4．He ________ (frown) with displeasure as he learned about the frictions between his two sons.
5．Mr Clarke has shown himself to be ________ (resolute) opposed to compromise.
6．The local government ________ (adopt) effective measures to decrease unemployment.
7．When we finally arrived at the gallery, we were ________ (freeze) to the marrow.
8．With the development of computer technology, the research of complex networks has also made ________ (amaze) results.
Ⅳ.汉译英
1．他太疲惫了，说不了更多了，但她已经明白了他对冲突的歉意。(too...to)
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2．消息已在报纸发布，因此你没必要再告诉我们。(there is no need to...)
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3．看这家人的表现就像根本没有发生过什么大事似的。(as if)
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4．他整天闲荡，看起来好像时间对他来说是无穷无尽的。(as if)
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5．许多人坚持认为环境保护应被看作基本而又首要。(insist that)
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Part D Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．clasp 2.stiff 3.dive 4.proceed 5.bare
6．despair 7.orphan 8.reveal 9.frown 10.dare
Ⅱ.
1．investigation 2.adoption adoptive 3.bony
4．resolutely 5.amazement 6.stormy stormily
7．disapprove approval 8.painful painfully
9．orphanage 10.deeply deepen depth
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．A 2.B 3.C 4.D
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①adopted ②adopted ③adoption ④adopted
⑤adopted adapt
2．①application ②apply for ③apply to ④apply yourself to
3．①freezing ②froze ③frozen freezing ④It was merely below freezing
4．①amazing ②amazed ③amazed amazing ④to hear ⑤amazement amazing amazed amazement
5．①with ②to explain
6．①to ②It was revealed that ③reveal what you think
7．①for ②investigations ③is being investigated
④are investigating the effects of
8．①didn't dare to say/daren't say ②don't dare to ask for/daren't ask for ③How dare you
9．①迅速把手伸入 ②一心投入 ③跳入 ④into
⑤dived/dove ⑥for
第二版块：重点短语
1．①into ②tears laughing ③burst into laughter/burst out laughing ④burst into tears/burst out crying
2．①to leave ②left
3．①take up ②take in ③take on ④to take up
⑤take up
第三版块：典型句式
1．①方式状语从句 ②让步状语从句 ③原因状语从句 ④让步状语从句 ⑤时间状语从句 ⑥比较状语从句 ⑦as ⑧as ⑨As
2．①had ②would/should/could/might give ③had taken ④had been ⑤rained/should rain/were to rain ⑥could/would/should/might do ⑦would/should/could/might enjoy ⑧had ⑨Were I you ⑩Should I have time
Had I adopted
3．①could have helped ②could have caught
③had listened could have understood ④must have left ⑤must have played ⑥must have had
⑦should have watched ⑧ought not to have left
⑨might/may have gone ⑩needn't have taken
4．①is leaving ②were ③had been ④had never existed ⑤as if
5．①that ②to apologise ③in ④of going
⑤possibility that
6．①hangs ②was/is ③sat/sits ④There stand
⑤Here are ⑥Then came
7．①(should) be carried ②be changed ③learn/should learn
④was acting
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．reveals 2.orphan 3.investigate 4.sighed
5．despair 6.shivered 7.adopts 8.amazement
9．clasp 10.proceed
Ⅱ.
1．look around 2.are put away 3.burst into
4．turned down 5.in amazement 6.was left alone
7．picked up 8.is/was the despair of 9.take up
10．approve of
Ⅲ.
1．investigation 2.barely 3.pillows 4.frowned
5．resolutely 6.(has) adopted 7.frozen 8.amazing
Ⅳ.
1．He was too exhausted to say anything further, but she already knew that he felt sorry for the conflict.
2．The news has been released in the newspaper so there is no need for you to tell us again.
3．The household behaved for all the world as if nothing unusual had happened.
4．He hung out all day, looking as if he had all the time in the world.
5．Many people insist that environmental protection should be considered to be essential and primary.Part E Grammar——过去时的被动语态
1．被动语态的概念
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者时，为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，为被动语态。
即学即练1 完成句子
①The book ________________________ (已经借出去了) when I got to the library.
②He ________________________________ (被嘲笑) by all people around him.
③Two paintings displayed in the gallery ________________________ (被卖出) yesterday.
④Several factories ________________________________ (在郊区被建造) before a school was set up.
2．被动语态的构成
(1)被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过助动词be表现出来。
Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
昨天山上种了许多树。
①现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋及物动词的过去分词
A new teaching building is being built in our school.
我们学校正在建一栋新的教学楼。
②含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词
Your homework must be handed in now.
你的家庭作业必须现在上交。
(2)过去时包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时，其被动语态分述如下：
①一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词
Quite a few masterpieces painted by the famous painter were displayed in the gallery last week.
这位著名画家画的许多杰作上周在美术馆里展出了。
②过去进行时：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
那时我们城市正在建一座新工厂。
③过去将来时：
a．would/should＋be＋及物动词的过去分词
b．was/were＋going to be＋及物动词的过去分词
They told us that the conflict would be settled soon and the plan would be carried out as planned.
他们告诉我们，冲突将很快得到解决，计划将按计划执行。
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
他认为你的表一小时后就会被修。
④过去完成时：had＋been＋及物动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
他说在这座城市里已经建了一些新工厂。
即学即练2 把主动语态改为被动语态
①My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I _______________________________________________ on my birthday (by my father).
→A new book __________________________________________________ on my birthday (by my father).
②My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
→I __________________________________________________________ yesterday (by my father).
→A new computer ___________________________________________________________ yesterday (by my father).
[误区警示]
①“get＋及物动词的过去分词”表被动。指主语遭遇变化或不好的事件。
He got caught in the rain last night.
他昨晚被雨淋了。
②动词带有双宾语时，可把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，变为被动句主语的通常是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
他妈妈送给他一件生日礼物。
→He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(也可改A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.)
③当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
The manager found a cook smoking in the canteen and fired him on the spot.
经理发现一个厨师在食堂抽烟，当场解雇了他。
＝A cook was found smoking in the canteen by the manager and was fired on the spot.
一个厨师被经理发现在食堂抽烟，当场被解雇了。
④在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear, feel, observe等后用不定式作宾语补足语时，to通常省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进那栋大楼。
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by someone).
⑤有些由“动词＋介词/副词”构成的动词词组，也可用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词不能省略。
My sister was taken care of by Grandma when my parents went out to work.
我父母出去工作时，我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
⑥“It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句/to do sth.”是固定句型：
Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers are required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
因为人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，所以志愿者们被要求在实验前八小时内不能进食或饮水。
即学即练3 单句语法填空
①Diana couldn't move into her new house as it ________ (decorate).
②The teacher said that we ________ (give) another chance some time the next month if we failed in the exam.
③They said great changes ________ (take) place in my village and some factories ________ (set) up since 2015.
④She ________ (praise) for her fine work in the Youth League.
⑤He told me that a new stadium ________ (build) and it ________ (finish) the next year.
⑥After they ________ (seat), the father found a friend and went out to greet him.
⑦Many beautiful cherry trees ________ (plant) outside the grocery last year and they are booming now.
⑧By the time he got to the school, the first period ________ (finish).
⑨The news ________ (release) last Friday and drew a lot of attention.
⑩The media reported more than 1，000 people ________ (kill) in the earthquake.
Ⅰ.单词语法填空
1．He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow).
2．Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures ________ (paint) a rainbow of striking colours.
3．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who ________ (cheat) of her money.
4．Rather than getting ________ (catch) up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response
5．If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they ________ (reward) with seven drops of water or juice...
6．They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
7．I literally cried when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party ________ (blow) away by this “miracle (奇迹)”．
8．Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
9．About one month after this photo ________ (take), I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.
10．One must know how one object ________ (make) in order to preserve it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。
________________________________ every encouragement to try something new.
2．此外，有人曾经认为铅可以变成黄金。
Additionally, it was once thought that lead ________________________________．
3．据报道因为这次冲突，已有数人被捕。
It was reported that ________________________________________ because of the conflict.
4．当我们进入糕饼店时，机器的发动机正在被一个老工人修理。
When we came into the bakery, the engine of the machine ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
5．在一个故事被讲述时，经常有人擦擦眼泪或轻微地笑一下。
Somebody wiped a tear away or smiled gently frequently as ________________________________________________________________________.
Part E 过去时的被动语态
即学即练1 ①had been lent ②was/is laughed at ③were sold out ④had been built in the suburb
即学即练2 ①was given a new book was given to me
②was bought a new computer was bought for me
即学即练3 ①was being decorated ②would be given
③had taken had been set ④was praised ⑤was being built would be finished ⑥were seated
⑦were planted ⑧had been finished ⑨was released ⑩had been killed
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．was being followed 2.were painted 3.had been cheated 4.caught 5.would be rewarded 6.will have been installed 7.was blown 8.were used 9.was taken 10.was made
Ⅱ.
1．She was given
2．could be transmuted into gold
3．several people had been arrested
4．was being repaired by an old worker
5．a story was being told
