Unit 12 Innovation
Part A Topic Talk
【学习目标】
课时词汇 entertainment, gifted, productive, garbage, device, innovation, distinguish, incredible, transform
常用短语 in general, put...into operation
典型句式 1.疑问词＋do you think＋陈述语序？ 2．不定式主动形式表达被动意义
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ n. 维生素
2．____________ n. 垃圾
3．____________ n. 质量
4．____________ adj. 执着的
5．____________ adj. 节省劳力的
6．____________ n. 优点，长处
7．____________ n. 奥秘
8．____________ n. (复数)特征，特点，特性
adj. 独特的，显示……特性的
9．____________ vt. 使改观，使变形，使转化
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．innovate v．革新，创新，变革→____________ n．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新→____________ n．创新者，革新者→____________ adj.新颖的；有革新精神的
2．device n．设备，装置；修辞手段→____________ vt.设计，发明
3．produce vt.生产→____________ n．生产→____________ n．产品→____________ adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→____________ n．生产者
4．entertain vt.使快乐→____________ n．娱乐节目
5．gift n．天赋，天才→____________ adj.有天赋的，有才华的
6．persistent adj.执着的；顽固的→____________ n．执着，顽固，固执→____________ vi.坚持到底
7．amaze vt.使大为吃惊，使惊愕→____________ n．大为吃惊→____________ adj.令人吃惊的→____________ adj.感到吃惊的
8．imagine vt.想象→____________ n．想象，想象力
9．distinguish vt.区分；辨别；分清→____________ adj.尊贵的；杰出的，著名的
10．transform vt.使改观，使变形，使转化→____________ n．转变；转化；改革
第一版块：核心单词
1.entertainment n．
(教材P50)Entertainment and Communication娱乐与交流
provide simple entertainment 提供简单的娱乐
arrange entertainments 安排娱乐活动
a public place of entertainment 一个公共娱乐场所
social entertainment 社交娱乐活动
the entertainment of friends 招待朋友
entertain sb. with sth. 用某物使某人快乐
entertain an idea/a hope/a thought 怀有某种看法/希望/想法
(1)娱乐节目；娱乐活动
The town provides a wide choice of entertainment, which sometimes disturbs the life of local people.
该镇提供各种各样的娱乐活动，有时这会打扰当地人的生活。
Radio and television are different forms of entertainment.
无线电广播和电视是不同形式的娱乐活动。
(2)款待，招待
I can't tolerate the poor entertainment of this hotel any more and have made up my mind to head for another one.
我再也不能忍受这家旅馆的低劣招待了，决定去另一家。
She entertained the children with stories and songs.
她又讲故事又唱歌，把孩子们逗得很开心。
词语积累：
entertain v．使快乐；招待
entertainment n．娱乐节目；款待
entertaining adj.有趣的，使人愉快的
经典例句：
Dance is an entertainment without language barriers.
舞蹈是一种没有语言障碍的娱乐形式。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Not only did they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for ________ (entertain) when they had a picnic in the forest.
②Some guests made complaints about the poor ________ (entertain) and required the manager to give an explanation.
③She is always so funny and ________ (entertain).
④He entertained us for hours ________ his stories and jokes.
完成句子
⑤A cinema is a public ____________________________ (娱乐场所).
2.gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的 gift n．天赋；礼物
(教材P50)creative, curious, smart, persistent, hardworking, gifted
有创造力的，好奇的，聪明的，执着的，勤奋的，有天赋的
(1)be gifted with... 天生具备……
be gifted in/at 在……方面有才能
(2)have a gift for 有……天赋，有……才能
(3)have talent for 在……方面有天赋
show talent for 展现出……方面的天赋
be talented in/at 在……方面有才能
As a child, he was gifted in the areas of maths and science.
小时候，他在数学和科学领域很有天赋。
She was gifted with a charming smile, which left us a good impression.
她天生具有迷人的微笑，给我们留下了很好的印象。
She has a great gift/talent for music.她极有音乐天赋。
归纳拓展：
gifted with有……的天赋
gifted child天才儿童
gifted student资优生；高材生
a gifted musician/player天才的音乐家/运动员
gifted children天资聪慧的孩子
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The little boy is ________ (gift) in playing football.
②He has a gift ________ music, and everybody admires him for his ________ (gift) performance.
完成句子
③Now that you ____________________ (有……的天赋) music, you are sure to appeal to your audience.
3.productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的
(教材P50)light, small, useful, helpful, convenient, productive, environment-friendly, fast轻的，小的，有用的，有帮助的，方便的，多产的，环保的，快捷的
(1)a productive writer 一位多产的作家
(2)production costs 生产成本
a production process 生产工序
a production line 生产线
a production plan 生产计划
in production 投产
out of production 停产
industrial production 工业生产
increase production levels 提高生产水平
a series of new production plans 一系列新的生产计划
a new production of KingLear 新制作的《李尔王》
He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive.
他对下一轮会谈也会富有成效充满了希望。
The local government has ordered the factory to cease producing this kind of medicine.当地政府已下令这家工厂停止生产这种药品。
We should make more high-tech products so as to make full use of solar energy.我们应该制造出更多的高科技产品，以便能充分地利用太阳能。
Anyhow, what we need to do now is to speed up production.
无论如何，我们现在需要做的是加快生产速度。
归纳拓展：
produce vt.生产，制造n.[U]产品；(尤指)农产品
product n．产品
production n．[U]生产；产量
producer n．生产商
dairy/meat products乳制品/肉制品
advertise products为产品做广告宣传
develop products开发产品
produce rubber生产橡胶
produce a film拍摄电影
produce lambs生小羊羔
produce wonders创造奇迹
即学即练 单句语法填空
①I take it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their ________ (produce).
②As a result of Yuan Longping's efforts, Chinese rice ________ (produce) rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990s.
③They ________ (produce) more than 5，000 cars so far this year.
④I do think the ________ (produce) of this movie lacks the spirit of innovation.
⑤My time spent in the library was very ________ (produce) and I had no difficulty finishing my report.
4.garbage n．垃圾，废物
garbage bags 垃圾袋
garbage can/bin 垃圾桶
garbage truck 垃圾车
garbage collection 垃圾收集
garbage disposal 垃圾处理
garbage removal 垃圾清除
recycle garbage 回收垃圾
There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.我们如果要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.史蒂文·斯坦喜欢跟着垃圾车。
近义词：
rubbish n．垃圾，废弃物
waste n．废料，垃圾
litter n．废弃物，垃圾
即学即练 完成句子
去散步时，带上一个小垃圾袋。
When going for a walk, take along a small ________________．
5.device n．设备，精巧的装置，仪器；手段，谋略
(1)a device for doing sth. 用于做某事的设备
a device to do sth. 做某事的设备
(2)a device for separating metal from garbage 将金属与垃圾分开的设备
digital devices 数字设备
electronic devices 电子设备
a water-saving device 节水装置
electrical labour-saving devices around the home
节省劳力的各种家用电器
He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置，指向犯罪嫌疑人，然后打开它。
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.
佐治亚理工学院的研究人员表示，他们已经想出一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。(关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a low-cost device, that在从句中作主语。)
归纳拓展：
devise vt.设法；想出；发明
devise a new method想出一个新办法
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He bought a device ________ lighting gas stove.
②We employed all kinds of superb ________ (device).
③I ________ (device) a new method.
6.innovation n．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新
(教材P51)Every once in a while, a new technology, an old problem, and a big idea turn into an innovation.
每隔一段时间，一项新技术、一个老问题和一个大想法就会变成创新。
encourage innovation 鼓励创新
technology innovation 技术革新
Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.
领导者和跟随者的区别在于创新。
The gallery promotes originality, inspires creativity and encourages innovation.
画廊提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。
词语积累：
innovate v．创新；改革，革新
innovative adj.创新的
经典例句：
There is no end to practice or innovation．
实践和创新永无止境。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①There will be a prize for the most ________ (innovation) design.
②Anyhow, I don't need to tell you what I think about her ideas of ________ (innovate)，do I
完成句子
③This ________________ (技术革新) will save us much time and labour.
④In the age of global competition, ________________ (设计革新)is vital.
⑤We must ________________ (鼓励创新) if the company is to remain competitive.
7.distinguish v．看清；认出；辨别；使……有所不同；使出众，使著名
distinguish...from... 区分……与……
distinguish (between)...and... 区别/区分……与……
distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名；表现突出
This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这种任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。
No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.没有人会知道是什么样的天赋、抱负、精力和运气的结合使狄更斯成为如此杰出的作家。
归纳拓展：
distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的
be distinguished for＝be famous/well－known for因……而著称
be distinguished as＝be famous/well－known as作为……而著名
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Can you distinguish Venus(金星) ________ the other stars
②Diligence distinguished him ________ them.
③Speech ________ (distinguish) man ________ the other animals.
④I can't distinguish ________ the two.
⑤Luxun is distinguished ________ a great writer.
完成句子
⑥He ________________ (扬名) on the battlefield.
⑦She is a ________________ (著名的歌唱家).
8．incredible adj.极好的；极大的；不可相信的，难以置信的
It's incredible that... ……真不可思议。
The view is just incredible.景色简直太好了。
It's incredible that he survived the fall.
他跌下去竟然能够生还，这真不可思议。
It was incredible how much Tom has changed since he met Sally.
自从遇见萨莉后，汤姆的变化之大简直令人难以置信。
It is incredibly easy to understand and use.它极其容易理解和使用。
归纳拓展：
incredibly adv.极端地，极其；令人难以置信地
incredibly lucky极其幸运
incredibly stupid极其愚蠢
incredibly difficult极其困难
incredibly beautiful极其美丽
credible adj.可信的
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Finally he found a ________ (incredible) witness, and was set free with no crime.
②The story he told is ________ (credible) and nobody believes it.
③He failed in all the exams before college entrance examination, but succeeded in the college entrance exam. It's really ________ (credible).
④Nicotine in cigarettes is ________ (incredible) addictive.
9．transform v．使改观，使变形，使转化 transformation n．转变，转化，改革
transform...(from sth.) into sth. 把……(从……)变为……
transform my life 改变我的一生
Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm－based society into an industrial power.
从那以后，这个社会一直向前发展，从不回头，因为汽车把美国从一个以农业为基础的社会变成了一个工业强国。
归纳拓展：
transform the old train station into an art gallery
把旧火车站改造成一个艺术画廊
transform the British entertainment industry改变英国的娱乐产业
transform your bedroom使你的卧室焕然一新
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ________ (transform).
完成句子
②他们成功地把公司变成了一家全球性的公司。
They successfully ________ the company ________a global one.
第二版块：重点短语
1.in general 通常，大体上，总的来说
as a general rule 通常；一般而言
generally speaking 一般而言；总的来说
It's generally believed that... 普遍认为……
on the whole 总的来说；大体上；基本上
as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上
in a word 总之
In general, I prefer a comedy to tragedy.
一般说来，比起看悲剧，我还是喜欢看喜剧。
Children in general are fond of candy.大多数儿童都爱吃糖果。
易混比较：
in short简短地说，简言之(强调的是话语的精炼。)
in general通常，大体上，总的来说(是就大体情况来说。)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Those in business are not, ________ the whole, conversant with basic scientific principles.
②________ a whole they do not eat enough fibre in Britain.
完成句子
③People, ________________ (总的来说), are less warm here and it's hard to make friends.
④The twins are no longer fed from the bottle; ________________ (简言之) they are weaned(断奶了).
2.put...into operation 实行；投入运营
(教材P112)I hope it will be put into operation soon.
我希望这工程很快投入运营。
have an operation to do 有个要做的手术
carry out/perform an operation on sb. (医生)给某人动手术
an operation for a kidney problem 肾病手术
an operation on sb.'s heart 对某人心脏进行的手术
归纳拓展：
come into operation开始生效
put/bring sth. into operation使……生效
cease operation停止运转
in operation在运转中
in full operation/into full operation处于/进入全面运转
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The patient came through/survive the ________ (operate) well.
②The surgeon is performing the operation ________ the patient for heart problem.
③I have an operation ________ (do) tomorrow morning.
④The current tax system has been ________ operation ________ 10 years.
完成句子
⑤这项法律将于元月一日开始生效/实行。
The law will be put ________ operation from January 1 st.
第三版块：典型句式
1.疑问词＋do you think＋陈述语序？
(教材P111)Susan, what characteristics do you think inventors have
苏珊，你认为发明家有什么特点？
[句式分析] 这一句型又称复杂疑问句，常用来征询别人对某一观点的看法、判断、认识和猜测等，表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陈述语序，可用于此结构的还有do you believe/say/suggest/suppose/guess/consider/imagine等。
Who do you think is to blame for the accident
你认为谁该为这次事故负责？
What did you say that doctor's name was？你说那个医生叫什么名字来着？
学法点拨：
(1)检查这种特殊疑问的方法是把表疑问的插入语移到句首，看看这个特殊疑问词是否引导了一个宾语从句，并且宾语从句用陈述句语序。
(2)观察下列的典型例句：
When do you suppose they will be back？你认为他们何时回来？
How do you imagine he will come here By bus？你认为他如何来这儿？乘公交吗？
How long do you believe they will stay here？你认为他们会在这儿待多久？
Who do you guess will come to our help tomorrow？你猜猜明天谁会来帮助我们？
即学即练 完成句子
①“你认为你在哪里？”他问。
“Where ________________ you are？” he asked.
②在下面列的这些杰出的女性中，你认为谁是过去100年里最重要的女性？
Of the outstanding ladies listed below, ________ do you think ____________ of the past 100 years
③你认为我应该做什么？
What do you think ________________？
2．不定式主动形式表达被动意义
(教材P111)The biggest advantage is that it is easy to use.最大的优点是易于使用。
[句式分析]
(1)从句主语it是不定式(to use)的逻辑宾语。
(2)这个结构中常用表特征或性质的形容词difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant，interesting，exciting等。句子的主语与不定式之间是被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质，用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
This machine is very easy to operate.这机器很容易操作。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Today's homework was easy ________ (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
完成句子
②在许多人看来，这位艺术家是很难相处的。
In many people's opinion, the artist is hard ________________．
③我们发现这张椅子坐着很舒服。
We found that the chair was comfortable ________________．
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Living in the suburb with green spaces has a long－lasting positive impact on people's mental ________ (健康).
2．It made sense to adopt ________ (节省劳力的) technology.
3．The farmers have used scientific methods to turn the barren land into ________ (多产的)fields.
4．His parents always have him weeding the garden, carrying out the ________ (垃圾)and distributing newspapers.
5．There is a new ________ (设备)for cars that warns drivers of traffic jams ahead.
6．To our amazement, he rang the First Secretary and ________ (要求)an appointment with the Ambassador.
7．Try to eat foods that are rich in ________ (维生素)and minerals.
8．TV stations have produced many ________ (娱乐)programmes that provide constant visual stimulation.
9．This example clearly showed the conflict between tradition and ________ (创新).
10．He was witty, amusing and ________(有天赋的)with recent innovations in English teaching.
Ⅱ.短语填空
adapt to, in general, put into operation, once in a while, distinguish from
1．Human beings will continue to ________________ the changing climate in both ordinary and amazing ways.
2．In everyday life you may have a friction with other people ________________．
3．The innovation ________________ in some countries since last year.
4．Minerals, ________________ ，are not nearly so well absorbed as vitamins.
5．The two soldiers look too similar to ________________ each other.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．A quarter of students report that their use of digital ________ (device) during class causes their grades to decline.
2．We have provided free network for the ________(convenient) of our customers.
3．The new device is comparatively easy ________ (install)and operate.
4．They worked furiously all weekend, trying to get the assignment ________ (finish) on time.
5．They ________ (entertain) constantly by top singers, dancers and celebrities.
6．The finding shows that ________ (vitamin) are found in fresh vegetables and fruit.
7．Our restaurant serves a variety of instant foods, charging less for the best ________ entertain).
8．Anyhow, technical ________ (innovate) plays an important role in increasing production.
9．As a surgeon, Philip was exceptionally ________ (gift).
10．We had a ________ (product) meeting that resolved some problems.
11．The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of ________(entertain).
12．Brian is ________ (gift) in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
13．[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Some individuals are born with a gift ________ public speaking.
Ⅳ.汉译英
1．这种新型设备很轻，容易携带。(形容词＋不定式)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．我工作了9个小时才把这个任务完成。(get sth. done)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．是当地一位商人捐赠的钱。(强调句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．你认为是什么原因导致他们行为过激，滥用暴力？(do you think作插入语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．我们校长是个鼓励教学创新的人。(定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 12 Innovation
Part A Topic Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．vitamin 2.garbage 3.quality 4.persistent
5．labour-saving 6.advantage 7.mistery
8．characteristic 9.transform
Ⅱ.
1．innovation innovator innovative 2.devise
3．production product productive producer
4．entertainment 5.gifted 6.persistence persist
7．amazement amazing amazed 8.imagination
9．distinguished 10.transformation
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①entertainment ②entertainment ③entertaining ④with ⑤place of entertainment
2．①gifted ②for gifted ③have a gift/talent for
3．①products ②production ③have produced ④producer ⑤productive
4．garbage bag
5．①for ②devices ③devised
6．①innovative ②innovation ③technology innovation
④design innovation ⑤encourage innovation
7．①from ②from ③distinguishes from ④between ⑤as ⑥distinguished himself ⑦distinguished singer
8．①credible ②incredible ③incredible ④incredibly
9．①transformation ②transformed into
第二版块：重点短语
1．①on ②As ③in general ④in short
2．①operation ②on ③to do ④in for ⑤into
第三版块：典型句式
1．①do you think ②who was the most important woman ③I should do
2．①to do ②to get along with ③to sit on
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．well－being 2.labour－saving 3.productive
4．garbage 5.device 6.requested 7.vitamins
8．entertainment 9.innovation 10.gifted
Ⅱ.
1．adapt to 2.once in a while 3.has been put into operation 4.in general 5.distinguish from
Ⅲ.
1．devices 2.convenience 3.to install 4.finished 5.were entertained 6.vitamins 7.entertainment 8.innovation 9.gifted 10.productive 11.entertainment 12.gifted 13.for
Ⅳ.
1．The new devices are light and easy to carry.
2．I worked for nine hours before I got the assignment finished.
3．It was a local businessman that/who donated the money.
4．What do you think causes them to go overboard and use excessive violence
5．Our headmaster is a man who encourages innovation in teaching.Part B Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
【学习目标】
课时词汇 scientific, committed, donate, correspond, instant, launch, orbit, split, subsequently, constant, perceive, outcome, efficiently, propose
常用短语 not to mention, range from A to B, figure out, single out
典型句式 1.so... that...引导结果状语从句 2．疑问词＋动词不定式 3．含蓄虚拟条件
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ num. 百万
2．____________ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
3．____________ n. 结果，后果
4．____________ vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉
5．____________ vi.&vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
6．____________ adj. 最好的；最重要的
7．____________ adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的
8．____________ vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事
9．____________ n. 人造卫星；卫星
10．____________ n. 轨道
vi.&vt. 沿轨道运行
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．biology n．生物学→____________ n．生物学家
2．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的；n.常量，恒量→____________ adv.时常地；持续不断地
3．accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确→__________ adj.正确的，精密的→____________ adv.准确地
4．physics n．物理学→____________ n．物理学家
5．join vt.连接；加入→____________ adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
6．part n．部分→____________ n．粒子，质点
7．circle n．圆(形)→____________ n．电路，线路；环形道路
8．efficient adj.有效率的→____________ adv.有效率地，高效能地→____________ n．效率，效能
9．propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→____________ n．提议
10．navy n．海军→____________ adj.海军的→____________ vt.航行，驾驶(船、飞机等)
[词语积累]
[1] not to mention更不用说
[2] microscope /'ma kr sk p/ n．显微镜
[3] stage vt.组织；筹划；举行
[4] donate /d 'ne t/ vi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
[5] correspond / k r 'sp nd/ vi.通信
[6] instant /' nst nt/ adj.立刻的，马上的
[7] launch /l nt / vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
[8] satellite /'s t la t/ n．人造卫星；卫星
[9] orbit /' b t/ n．轨道 vi.&vt.沿轨道运行
[10] split /spl t/ vi.&vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
[11] previously adv.以前；之前
[12] particle /'pɑ t k l/ n．粒子，质点
[13] single out单独挑出；特别选出
[14] premier /'premi / adj.最好的；最重要的
[15] outspoken /a t'sp k n/
adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
[16] rock v．摇动；使摇晃
[17] subsequently /'s bs kw ntli/
adv.后来，随后
[18] mass n．块；团
[19] unbelievable adj.难以置信的
[20] relativity / rel 't v ti/ n．相对性
[21] constant /'k nst nt/ adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量
[22] finding /'fa nd / n．研究的结果；发现
[23] biologist /ba ' l ? st/ n．生物学家
[24] bacteria n．细菌
[25] double-check v．仔细检查；复核
[26] mould /m ld/ n．霉，霉菌
[27] penicillin / pen 's l n/ n．青霉素，盘尼西林
[28] perceive /p 'si v/ vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
[29] mass-produce vt.大量生产
[30] million /'m lj n/ num.百万
[31] humble /'h mb l/ adj.谦虚的，谦卑的
[32] outcome /'a tk m/ n．结果，后果
[33] cure vt.治愈
[34] navy /'ne vi/ n．海军
[35] accuracy /' kj r si/ n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确
[36] missile /'m sa l/ n．导弹，飞弹
[37] turn to求助于
[38] physicist /'f z s st/ n．物理学家
[39] joint /d nt/ adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
[40] nothing like一点儿也不像
[41] measure linkingv. (尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……
[42] tube /tju b/ n．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
[43] circuit /'s k t/ n．电路，线路；环形道路
[44] switch n．开关
[45] efficiently / 'f ntli/ adv.有效率地，高效能地
[46] propose /pr 'p z/ vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
[47] enable vt.使能够
[48] mini-network n．小型网络
[49] establish vt.建立
[50] connect v. (使)连接；联结
[51] unimaginable adj.难以想像的
[52] be dedicated to奉献；从事于；献身于
[53] quality n．质量
[54] transform vt.改变，使……变形；转换
[55] the chain of common interests共同利益链
[56]there is no doubt毫无疑问
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.【1】In just 100 years, the world has changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention[1] our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes[2] to staging[3] operations to replace diseased organs with donated[4] munications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond[5] went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant[6] messages.【2】We started flying around the world, launching[7]satellites[8] into orbit[9] and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split[10] the atom, previously[11] thought to be the smallest particle[12] of matter in the universe.【3】
【1】虚拟条件句，与现在事实相反的假设。主句谓语用“would＋动词原形”，从句谓语用did或were。
【2】and连接两个并列分句，在第二个分句中， we correspond是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，引导词that/in which习惯省略。
【3】and连接两个并列分句。launching...是现在分词短语作状语； how to split the atom是“疑问词＋不定式”结构，作figured out的宾语； previously thought to be...作后置定语。
Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out[13] a few pioneers of the 20th century.【4】 Here are some of them.
【4】本句包含着Although引导的让步状语从句。主从句结构一致，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
One of the 20th century's premier[14] scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken[15] young man was rocking[16] his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.【5】 Subsequently[17]，“E＝mc2”was born. It showed how a small piece of mass[18] could produce an unbelievable[19] amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity[20]” that not even time, mass or length are constant[21] — they change according to our experience of them.
【5】本句中含有be doing... when...结构，意为“正在……，这时……”。
In 1928, another important finding[22] was made by biologist[23] Alexander Fleming. Before he went on holiday, Fleming left a dish of bacteria[24] in his laboratory. When he came back, he noticed something strange. He double-checked[25] and saw a blue mould[26] in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.【6】 This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin[27]， which Fleming perceived[28] could be used to kill bacteria.【7】 A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced[29] and helping to save the lives of millions[30]. Fleming remained humble[31] about the amazing outcome[32] of his discovery. “Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.”
【6】本句的主句是He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish; around which the bacteria had been destroyed是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a blue mould。
【7】which引导非限制性定语从句，Fleming perceived为插入语，关系词which在从句中作主语。
During World War Ⅱ， when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure[33] people, the US Navy[34] was looking for ways of improving the accuracy[35] of their missiles[36]. The navy turned to[37] Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist[38]， to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint[39] effort. Although they only finished after the war in 1946, it did not matter. This huge machine was the world's first computer, but it was nothing like[40] our computers today. It measured[41] 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms. With 18，000 tubes[42]， thousands of circuits[43] and 6，000 switches[44]， it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out！【8】
【8】本句中包含着so... that...结构，that引导结果状语从句，在这个从句中，when it was turned on是时间状语从句。
With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently[45].【9】 During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed[46] by two American scientists. With computers talking to one another, it would enable[47] government leaders to communicate with each other.【10】 By the end of the 1960s, some mini-networks[48] were established[49]， but only a few computers could connect[50] to them. In 1990.Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.【11】 Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable[51].
【9】本句中get more things done是get的复合结构。
【10】With computers talking to one another是with复合结构，现在分词短语talking to one another作宾补。
【11】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the World Wide Web。
These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to[52] improving the quality[53] of human life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been transformed[54] into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests[55].【12】 There is no doubt[56] about it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.【13】
【12】本句中with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests是with复合结构。
【13】本句用without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件句。
如果你必须在20世纪的重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜(microscope)揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠(donate)的器官置换病变的器官。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，我们的通信(correspond)方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时(instant)信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星(satellite)发射(launch)至轨道(orbit)。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂(split)原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒(particle)。
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。
20世纪最杰出的(premier)一位科学家是爱因斯坦。1905年夏天，这个坦率的(outspoken)年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。随后(subsequently)，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对(relativity)论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的(constant)，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
1928年，另一项重要的发现(finding)由生物学家(biologist)亚历山大·弗莱明发现了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过仔细检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌(mould)，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素(penicillin)，弗莱明认为(perceive)它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万(million)人的生命。弗莱明对他这一发现的惊人结果(outcome)保持谦虚的(humble)态度，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。”
第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈病人时，美国海军(navy)正在寻找提高导弹(missile)精准度(accuracy)的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家(physicist)莫克利来解决这一问题，两人共同(joint)努力制造一台机器来完成
这项工作。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10多英尺，重30 000多千克。它有18 000个阴极射线管(tube)，数千条电路(circuit) 和6 000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地(efficiently)完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出(propose)建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·伯纳斯·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。
这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。这是毫无疑问的。如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To tell us atom is not the smallest particle.
B．To warn us scientific breakthroughs come with problems.
C．To choose the most important discovery of the 20th century.
D．To show some of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century.
2．In what order are the pioneers arranged
A．Time. B．Logic.
C．Space. D．Importance.
3．The pioneers mentioned have all the following in common except that ________．
A．they made their discoveries by accident
B．all of them have made a difference to the world
C．their breakthroughs were in science and technology
D.they were all devoted to improving the quality of human life
4．Which of the following involves joint work of more than one pioneer
A．E＝mc2.
B．Penicillin.
C．The world's first computer.
D．The World Wide Web.
5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
第一版块：核心单词
1.scientific adj.科学(上)的
(教材P52)Scientific breakthroughs科学突破
a scientific worker 一名科学工作者
a scientific discovery 科学发现
a scientific experiment 科学实验
scientific research/studies 科学研究
scientific knowledge 科学知识
the scientific method 科学方法
scientific progress 科学进步
The scientific innovation is beneficial to the whole factory.
科学创新对全厂都有益。
The scientists have made great scientific breakthroughs in the field of science.
科学家们在科学领域取得了重大的科学突破。
词语积累：
scientist n．科学家
science n．科学
scientifically adv.科学(上)地
构词知识：-fic形容词后缀，表示“致……的”、“令……的”，“产生……的”，或表示具有某种性质的(变作-ific)。如：
colorific adj.产生颜色的
terrific adj.令人害怕的
horrific adj.可怕的
acidific adj.化为酸性的
calorific adj.生热的
specific adj.特殊的
somnific adj.催眠的
honorific adj.尊敬的
scientific adj.科学的
pacific adj.和平的
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The ________ (science) is gifted in innovation and has made great contributions to our country.
②We have found further ________ (science) evidence for this theory.
③However, this entire conception is ________ (science) inaccurate.
④In general, ________ (science) don't have much free time as ________ (science) research takes almost all their time.
2.committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的 commit vt.犯(错误、罪行)，干(坏事)；承诺，保证；投入(钱、时间、人力等)vi.忠于 commitment n．投入，奉献；承诺
(1)be committed to (doing) sth. 尽力做某事；承诺做某事
(2)commit an error 犯错
commit murder 犯凶杀罪
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
(3)commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事
commit sb. to do sth. 承诺做某事
commit sth. to sth. 把某物投入到某事上
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.
最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒中犯的。
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of view.
然而，我们一定不能犯只从一个角度分析进步的错误。
常见搭配：
commit to sb./sth.忠于……
commit an hour to reading English抽出一小时读英语
即学即练 单句语法填空
①And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ________ (commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
②He went to jail ________ committing a crime.
③We lost the contest for ________ (commit) a mistake.
④The company committed millions of dollars ________ the project.
⑤She commits two hours a day to ________ (practise) the piano.
⑥He committed ________ (pay) the workers high wages.
⑦I committed myself ________ (help) him.
3.donate vi. &vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠；捐献 donation n．捐赠，捐赠物
donate...to... 向……捐赠……
donate money to a worthy cause 为有价值的事业捐款
donate some money to help the people in need 捐一些钱来帮助有需要的人
donate blood 献血
donate organs 捐献器官
He frequently donates large sums to charity.
他常常向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款。
Last year he donated $1，000 to cancer research.
去年他捐了1 000美元支持癌症研究。
The work of the charity is funded by voluntary donations.
这家慈善机构工作所需资金是人们自愿捐赠的。
词语积累：
donation n．捐赠物；捐赠
make a donation to向……捐赠
donor n．捐赠者
近义词：
contribute (只能表示捐献财物，不表示献血或捐献器官)
即学即练 单句语法填空
① The schoolmaster urged that we should donate some books ________ the children in the poor area.
②He made a generous ________ (donate) to the charity.
③All the ________ (donate) money will be used to help the homeless children.
完成句子
④The retired man ________________________________ (把他的大部分积蓄捐给了) the schools damaged by the earthquake.
⑤The children in the storm?stricken area showed their appreciation for the money and goods we ________________ (向他们捐献) in their letters.
4．correspond vi.通信；符合，一致，相对应；相当于
(教材P52)．..the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
……我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
correspond to/with 与……相符
correspond to 相当于
correspond regularly 经常通信
Although he stays abroad alone, he frequently corresponds with his friends.
尽管他独自一人待在国外，但是他常和他的朋友们通信。
His actions do not correspond to/with his words.他言行不一致。
词语积累：
corresponding adj.符合的；相应的；相关的
correspondence n．通信；一致；符合
keep up a correspondence (with sb.)(与某人)保持通信
in correspondence with与……一致；与……有通信联系
经典例句：
The function of this machine corresponds to that of the human brain.
这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。
Your account of the incident is in correspondence with hers.
对这件事你的说法和她的说法是一样的。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①We've corresponded ________ each other by email for years.
②Profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the ________ (correspond) period last year.
③I've been corresponding ________ several experts in the field.
完成句子
④She still ________________ (和……通信) friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
⑤The American Congress ________________ (相当于) the British Parliament.
⑥The result of the scientific experiment doesn't ________________ (与……相符) what we predicted.
⑦我们已相互通信多年了，可是我从未见过他。
We ________________________________________ each other for years but I've never actually met him.
5．instant adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的 n. [C]瞬间，片刻；某一时刻
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
instant noodles 方便面
at that instant 在那一瞬间
the instant (that) 一……就……(相当于as soon as)
for an instant 一瞬间(指动作持续的时间)
in an instant 立即，马上(指动作不久将发生)
instantly adv. 立即；马上；即刻
I felt instant relief after taking a couple of tablets.
服用了几片药以后我立即感到轻松了。
I recognised her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出她来了。
He froze with shock for an instant.刹那间他惊呆了。
She is gifted in picking up a tune instantly on the piano.
她很有天赋，听到曲子就能马上用钢琴弹出来。
表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的单词和短语常见的有：
①as soon as
②immediately, directly，
instantly
③the moment, the minute, the second, the instant
④hardly (scarcely, rarely) ...when, no sooner...than
⑤on/upon＋名词/动名词
经典例句：
The show was an instant success.
演出一炮打响。
The pain disappeared in an instant．疼痛立刻就消失了。
He got into a panic instantly he saw smoke rising from his room.
他看到他的房间里冒出了烟，顿时惊慌起来。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The birds flew away in all directions ________ instant they caught sight of a man coming near.
②These boys and girls jumped with joy ________ (instant) the chairman announced the result of the game.
③The representatives of the international company will arrive ________ an instant and we should get prepared to greet them.
④He stood there ________ an instant and then made up his mind to donate blood to the poor boy.
完成句子
⑤The show was ________________________ (立即成功了)。
6．launch v. &n．发射；发动，发起，开始从事；使(船，尤指新船)下水 v. &n．(首次)上市，发行
(教材P52)We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit...我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道……
launch a communications satellite 发射通信卫星
launch an investigation 开始调查
launch an attack 发起攻击
launch a national campaign against smoking 发起一场全国性的禁烟运动
Another Chinese designed and built ship was recently launched.
又一艘中国设计制造的船最近下水了。
He took advantage of his sporting background to launch a new brand of sportswear.他利用他的体育背景推出了一种新品牌的运动服。
经典例句：
The company launched an investigation into the market demand and decided to launch their new product.
这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The new model will ________ (launch) in July.
②With an instant campaign ________ (launch) at midnight last night, those people in the hotel were arrested.
完成句子
③The organisation has ________________ (发起一场活动)to raise money.
④The police are planning to ________________ (开始调查)into the murder.
⑤He ________________ (创办了一个企业)when he was 30 years old.
⑥We ________________ (发射了另一颗卫星)last month.
7．orbit n．轨道 vi. &vt.沿轨道运行
the Moon's orbit around the Earth 月球环绕地球运行的轨道
in orbit 在轨道上
go into orbit 进入轨道
put/send...into orbit 将……送入轨道
orbit the Earth 绕地球运行
China first had to put a satellite into orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。
While astronauts cannot go to watch a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.(while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句)
虽然宇航员不能在轨道上看棒球比赛或看电影，但他们仍然可以享受许多熟悉的活动。
经典例句：
Mars and Earth have orbits which change with time.
火星与地球的运行轨道随着时间而变化。
The planet is probably in orbit around a small star.
这颗行星可能正环绕着一颗小恒星运行。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①They succeeded in putting a man－made satellite ________ orbit.
②The satellite will remain ________ orbit ________ several years.
③The moon's orbit ________ the earth is an ellipse.
8.split vi. &vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) vt.分享，分摊，分担
split up 把……分小组；分解；使断绝关系，拆散
split (up) ...into... 把……分成……
split sth. between 在……之间分配，分摊
She split the class into groups of four.她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。
经典例句：
In a severe gale the ship split in two.
在一次强劲的大风中那艘船断成了两半。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Just split the cake ________ three and leave one piece for Mary.
②The old farm has been split ________ into house lots.
③Profits will be split ________ three major charities.
9.subsequently adv.后来，随后(近义词later; afterwards)
(教材P52)Subsequently, “E＝mc2” was born.随后，“E＝mc2”诞生了。
The original interview notes were subsequently lost.
采访记录原稿后来丢失了。
Subsequently, new guidelines were released to all surgeons.
随后，新的准则发放给了所有外科医生。
The book was subsequently translated into 15 languages.
这本书后来被翻译成了15种语言。
词语积累：
subsequent adj.随后的；随后发生的
Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report.
这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Although he ________ (subsequent) became a successful businessman, he never forgot the bitter days when he had picked up something to eat in the garbage.
②He said he was a doctor, but it ________ (subsequent) turned out that he was a cheat.
完成句子
③________________ (他们后来听说)he had made a great scientific breakthrough.
10.constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量，常数
(教材P52)Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant...爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的……
a constant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的游客
keep in constant contact with sb. 一直与某人保持联系
travel at a constant speed 以恒定速度行驶
The constant friction between the young couple finally caused divorce.
这对年轻夫妻之间经常的冲突最终导致了离婚。
The speed of light is an important constant.光速是一个重要的常数。
词语积累：
constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地
constancy n．坚定不移；恒久不变
It is annoying that the direction of the wind is constantly changing.
风向一直变化，真烦人。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①We are ________ (constant) working to improve access to the gallery and its collections displayed.
②Scientists are ________ (constant) developing new technology and they make scientific breakthroughs from time to time.
完成句子
③I am fed up with his ________________ (没完没了的抱怨).
④In our world nothing ________________ (似乎是永恒不变的).
⑤The Forbidden City appeals to ________________ (络绎不绝的游客)every day, especially during national holidays.
11.perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉；认为
(教材P53)This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。
perceive... as/to be... 认为……是……
perceive that... 注意到……
We can perceive his sorrow and annoyance by the looks on his face.
我们从他脸上的表情可以察觉出他的悲伤和气愤。
Indeed, this problem is greater than you may perceive.
确实，这个问题远大于你所能感知到的。
误区警示：
perceive不能用于进行时态。
经典例句：
They perceive television as entertainment.他们将电视视为娱乐。
Adults learn what they perceive to be beneficial in their life situations.
成年人学习他们认为对其生活处境有帮助的东西。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Often what ________ (perceive) to be aggressive is simply fear.
完成句子
②Children who do badly in school tests often ________________ (认为自己是失败者).
③Nobody seemed to ________________ (注意到)the boy should answer violence with violence.
④That morning, he ________________ (注意到变化)in Franca's mood.
12．outcome n．结果，后果
(教材P53)Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.
弗莱明对他这一发现的惊人结果保持谦虚的态度。
v．＋adv.→n.(由动词短语转化而来的合成名词)
break down出故障→breakdown n．故障
break out 爆发→outbreak n．爆发
put out生产，输出→output n．产量，输出量
come in进来→income n．收入
break through突破→breakthrough n．突破
Always carry your toolbox in case your car has a breakdown on the motorway.
总是带着工具箱，以防汽车在高速公路上抛锚。
The research project was put off because of the outbreak of the war.
由于战争的爆发，这个研究项目被延期了。
经典例句：
No one could have predicted the final outcome．
谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。
The outcome is still far from clear.结果还很不明朗。
即学即练 完成句子
①It was impossible to ________________ (预测结果)of the election.
②Subsequently，the biologists are confident of ________________ (一个成功的结果).
选词填空(breakdown/outbreak/income/outcome)
③He said people will be the winner, whatever the ________．
④The ________ from visitors makes the museum self－supporting.
⑤He is optimistic that the government will be able to manage the ________ of the virus effectively.
⑥The ________ in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process.
13.efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地
(教材P53)With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently.
随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。
efficient adj. 效率高的
the efficient use of energy 能源的有效利用
fuel－efficient cars 节能汽车
efficiency n. 效率
with efficiency 高效地
We can arrange time efficiently and know how long a single task will take.
我们可以有效地安排时间，并知道每项任务要花费多长时间。
To work more efficiently, the representative has adopted a different approach.
为了工作更有效率，那个代表采用了一种不同的方法。
经典例句：
Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective.边做边学可能效率不高，但却很有效。
It didn't say much for their efficiency that the order arrived a week late.订货晚到了一个星期，可见他们的效率难以恭维。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①She was very ________ (efficiency) in reducing waste.
②His scientific innovation has greatly increased the work ________ (efficient).
③You should exercise more so as to keep energetic and you can work ________ (efficient) .
④I was impressed by the efficiency ________ which she handled the crisis.
⑤People have figured out how to use water more ________ (efficient) in order not to waste water.
完成句子
⑥________________ (能源效率)can play a vital role in reducing pollution.
14.propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
(教材P53)During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。
propose
He resolutely proposes investing in the property market.
＝He resolutely proposes investment in the property market.
＝He resolutely proposes that they should invest in the property market.
他坚决提议投资房地产市场。
词语积累：
proposal n．提议；建议
make/submit/accept/reject a proposal提出/提交/接受/拒绝一项提议
学法点拨：
(1)proposal后的同位语从句或者表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do，其中should可以省略。
At last, he turned down my proposal that we should invest more money in the factory in the countryside.
最后，他拒绝了我提出的增加农村工厂投资的建议。
(2)v.＋－al构成抽象名词
survive v．→survival n．幸存
remove v．→removal n．移动
arrive v．→arrival n．到达
refuse v．→refusal n．拒绝
propose v．→proposal n．建议
approve v．→approval n．赞成
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The engineer proposed ________ (inquire) about train times before setting off.
②The ________ (propose) made by Mike is quite reasonable.
③Various ________ (propose) were put forward by the employees for increasing sales.
④The monitor proposed last night that we ________ (launch) an activity aimed at studying more efficiently.
一句多译
⑤他们提议建造一个新的机场。
a．________________________________________________________________________
b．________________________________________________________________________
c．________________________________________________________________________
同义句转换
⑥In terms of the bad weather, we propose starting early tomorrow.
→In terms of the bad weather, we propose __________________ tomorrow.
第二版块：重点短语
1.not to mention更不用说
(教材P52)Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
He knows French and German, not to mention English.
他熟悉法语和德语，更不用说英语了。
He knows little about the technique, not to mention making innovation in it.
他对这项技术知之甚少，更不用说对它创新了。
We can't afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage.
我们买不起汽车，更不用说我们没有车库的事实了。
词语积累：
近义词组：let alone
The baby can't even sit up yet, let alone walk.
这个婴儿甚至都不会坐，更不用说走了。
He can't walk, let alone run.他连走都不会，更不用说跑了。
即学即练 完成句子
①He has two big houses in this country, ________________ (更不用说) his apartment in France.
②It's too far to walk, ________________ (更不用说)the fact that it'll probably be closed by now anyway.
翻译句子
③Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the city, not to mention the damage to the environment.
________________________________________________________________________
2.range from A to B包括从A到B之间的各类事物
(教材P52)Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠的器官置换病变的器官。
range between A and B 在A和B之间变化
a range of 一系列
within/in range (of sth.) 在(……)可及的范围内
out of range (of sth.) 超出(……)范围
She has had a number of different temporary jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的临时性工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
经典例句：
The prices of the trousers here range between 30 yuan and 1，300 yuan.
这里裤子的价格从30元到1 300元不等。
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
Their ages range from six to twelve.他们的年龄从6岁到12岁。
He ranged the books according to size.
他按照大小顺序排列这些书。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②It is stated in the report that the age of the applicants should range from 21 ________ 23.
③Estimates of the damage range between $1 million ________ $5 million.
完成句子
④Take it easy! Your blood pressure is well __________________________ (在正常范围内).
⑤The prices of the bread in this bakery ____________________________ (在5元到20元之间).
⑥The coat is ________________ (我买不起).
3．figure out计算出；弄清楚，理解
(教材P52)．..scientists figured out how to split the atom...
……科学家们发现了如何分裂原子……
figure n. (绘画或故事中的)人，动物；塑像；人物；人影；身材；数字；图形；(书中的)图，表
a leading/key/central figure 领军/关键/核心人物
a tall figure in a hat 一个戴帽子的高个子人影
keep one's figure 保持身材
a five－sided figure 五边形
He couldn't figure out all the money he invested in his son's company.
他已经算不出他在他儿子的公司投入了多少钱。
I have figured out the procedure of complaint.我已弄清楚投诉的程序了。
经典例句：
She has a good figure．她身材很好。
The figure of the figures on show is 108.正在展出的雕像数是108。
The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.画中间那个人物是画家的女儿。
I simply couldn't figure out his resolution.
我简直揣摩不透他的决定。
即学即练 完成句子
①If you don't understand, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you ________________ (弄清楚它)。
②He hasn't ________________ (弄明白该如何) be productive in the office.
写出下列句子中figure的含义
③She instantly revealed her secret of keeping her figure to me.____________
④Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding figures.____________
⑤By last month, this figure had risen to 14 million.____________
⑥Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building.____________
第三版块：典型句式
1．so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P53)With 18, 000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches, it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out!
它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
[句式分析]
so是副词，其后跟形容词或副词。常用结构：
(1)so＋＋that...
(2)such...that...常用结构：
such＋＋that...
易混比较：
so lovely a girl＝such a lovely girl如此可爱的一个女孩
so many students那么多的学生
such good students那么好的学生
误区警示：
so/such...that...中，当so/such...置于句首时，其所在句子用部分倒装。
So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.天气如此热，他们都去游泳了。
即学即练 完成句子
①我太紧张了，几乎分辨不出哪个方向是左。
I was ________________ I could hardly tell which direction was left.
②此外，我的英语很好，我被选为英语老师的助手。
Besides, I have ________ a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
③它是一个如此令人激动的消息，我们都高兴地跳了起来。
It was ________________ that all of us jumped with joy.
④这是一本非常有趣的小说，我们都想看。
It is ________________ that all of us want to read it.
2.疑问词＋动词不定式
(教材P52)．..at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom...……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子……
[学法点拨]
(1)可用于该结构的疑问词
疑问代词：who, whom, what, which
疑问副词：when, where, how
疑问词：whether
(2)常接该结构的动词：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, explain, learn, wonder等。
(3)该结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
When to decorate the house hasn't been decided.
什么时候装修房子还不确定。(作主语)
They didn't decide whether to tell the old lady the news.
他们没有决定是否告诉那位老太太这个消息。(作宾语)
The question is how to take apart the machine.
问题是如何拆卸这台机器。(作表语)
经典例句：
How to increase the work efficiency is very important.
如何提高工作效率非常重要。
教师提醒：
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作主语、宾语和表语，相当于他们相对应的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。如例 分别可转换为：
①When we will decorate the house hasn't been decided.
②They didn't decide whether they should tell the old lady the news.
③The question is how we shall take apart the machine.
即学即练 完成句子
①Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________________(如何快速阅读).
②________________(何时何地投票) hasn't been decided.
③—It's no use having ideas only.
—Don't worry. Peter can show you ________________(如何将想法转变为行动).
单句语法填空
④We haven't decided who ________ (search) for the missing painting.
⑤When ________ (launch) the campaign will be determined by how well we get prepared.
3．含蓄虚拟条件
(教材P53)Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，as引导方式状语从句；其中Without the breakthroughs...为含蓄虚拟条件，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。
有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过if条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如without, with, but, but for, otherwise, or等，或通过上下文暗示。
Without your advice, I would have failed.
没有你的忠告，我早就失败了。
But for your help, I wouldn't have made such a great scientific breakthrough.
要不是你的帮助，我不会有一个这么大的科学突破。
He was ill yesterday. Otherwise, he would have donated blood to the poor girl.
他昨天病了，否则他就会给那个可怜的女孩献血了。
经典例句：
My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't ________ (write) AFarewelltoArms.
②Without your help, we would ________ (run) out of petrol halfway.
③I could have gone through bitter days ________ your generous help.
④We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise, we ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
⑤But for renewable energy, there ________ (be) more environmental problems.
同义句转换
⑥If there were no air, there wouldn't be living things in the world now.
→________________， there wouldn't be living things in the world now.
4.single out挑出，挑选
come out 出版，发行
turn out 结果是，证明是
pick out 精心挑选；辨认出
put out 扑灭
He was singled out as the outstanding performer of the games.
他被评选为这次运动会表现出色的运动员。
You have been singled out to represent the school.
你已被选为学校的代表。
归纳拓展：
go out(火或灯光)熄灭
give out发出，放出(光、热等)；分发，散发；用完，耗尽
hold out伸出(手)；维持，坚持
学法指导：
turn out是“结果是”“证明是”之意时，通常被视为系动词，也可以与“be”动词连用，后跟形容词或名词作表语。如：
It turned out (to be) true.那件事结果是真的。
Some predictions made by famous people turned out to be wrong.名人所做出的预言被证明是错的。
即学即练 完成句子
①你会选谁当年度最有潜力的学生呢？
Who would you ________________ as the most promising student of the year
②结果并没有如我所愿。
It didn't ________________ as I had wished.
③她疯了似地跑来跑去，试图把火扑灭。
She was rushing around madly trying to ________________ the fire.
④所以在上学的时候，学生们会向全班发出邀请。
So during the school day, students will ________________ invitations to the class.
⑤我被选出来代表全队。
I have been ________________ to represent the whole team.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I soon ________ (察觉，注意到) that I could not make him give up smoking cigarettes.
2．The gifted professor was surprisingly ________ (谦虚的) at the meeting.
3．We are waiting to hear the final ________ (结果) of the negotiations.
4．It was also agreed to set up two ________ (联合的) committees on negotiations.
5．A closed ________ (线路) TV system has been installed in the gallery.
6．We found further ________ (科学的) evidence for this theory.
7．The astronauts will attach a motor that will boost the satellite into its proper ________ (轨道).
8．He was ________ (随后) put in charge of the temporary investigation.
9．These devices are ________ (持续不断地) updated by improving the design of the computers.
10．Wise ________ (生物学家) do not struggle too much with such annoying questions.
Ⅱ.短语填空
range from, be replaced with, figure out, single out, on holiday, deal with, connect...to, be dedicated to, complain about, donate...to
1．In the Song Dynasty (960－1279), bamboo tubes ________________ paper coverings.
2．Who would you ________________ as the most promising soldier of the year
3．Her emotions ________________ anger to forgiveness in the space of a few seconds yesterday.
4．About thirty years later, the old building ________________ a modern stadium that was added.
5．All the money she received as gift ________________ helping orphans.
6．It is difficult to ________________ why she said the outcome at the meeting.
7．My family planned to find pleasant places and go ________________ bimonthly.
8．The company ________________ improving people's health throughout the world resolutely.
9．His only resolution of ________________ his problems was to go out and get drunk.
10．All of them ________________ the parcel but none of them tried to move it.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Convinced of the ________ (accurate) of the data, the surgeons stuck to their opinion.
2．Many famous ________ (physicist) said they wouldn't stand for that theory.
3．This labour－saving method can help people work ________ (efficient) to meet their goals.
4．The report ________ (propose) that students should be allowed to work off their debt through community service.
5．Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it's ________ (relative) small when compared with obesity.
6．The well－known businessman ________ (donate) millions of pounds to local schools last month.
7．Thanks to innovation, profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the ________ (correspond) period last year.
8．What had bonded them ________ (instant) and so completely was their similar background.
9．The police ________ (launch) a major operation against violence and drug since last week.
10．He told us that the device was not designed to transmit to ________ (satellite).
Ⅳ.汉译英(用上括号内的短语)
1．毫无疑问老师给每个孩子都布置了不同的作业。(no doubt)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．在一定的条件下，有害的东西可以转化为有益的东西。(transform...into)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．没有什么比得上和朋友一起学习投资更好的了。(nothing like)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．内网下载方面也有不错的表现，外网就更不用提了。(not to mention)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．尽管已经达成了协议，但不满的抱怨声仍能听到。(让步状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part B Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．million 2.penicillin 3.outcome 4.perceive
5．split 6.premier 7.humble 8.launch 9.satellite 10.orbit
Ⅱ.
1．biologist 2.constantly 3.accurate accurately
4．physicist 5.joint 6.particle 7.circuit
8．efficiently efficiency 9.proposal 10.naval navigate
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①scientist ②scientific ③scientifically ④scientists scientific
2．①commitment ②for ③committing ④to ⑤practising
⑥to pay ⑦to help
3．①to ②donation ③donated ④donated most of his savings to ⑤had donated to them
4．①with ②corresponding ③with ④corresponds with ⑤corresponds to ⑥correspond to/with
⑦have kept up a correspondence with
5．①the ②instantly ③in ④for ⑤an instant success
6．①be launched ②launched ③launched a campaign
④launch an investigation ⑤launched a business
⑥launched another satellite
7．①into ②in for ③around
8．①into ②up ③between
9．①subsequently ②subsequently ③They subsequently heard
10．①constantly ②constantly ③constant complaints
④seems constant ⑤a constant stream of visitors
11．①is perceived ②perceive themselves as/to be failures
③perceive that ④perceived a change
12．①predict the outcome ②a successful outcome
③outcome ④income ⑤outbreak ⑥breakdown
13．①efficient ②efficiency ③efficiently ④with
⑤efficiently ⑥Energy efficiency
14．①inquiring ②proposal ③proposals
④(should) launch
⑤a.They proposed building a new airport.
b. They proposed the building of a new airport.
c. They proposed that a new airport (should) be built.
⑥an early start/that we (should) start early
第二版块：重点短语
1．①not to mention ②not to mention ③污染对生活在这个城市里的每个人的健康都有负面影响，更不用说对环境的破坏了。
2．①ranging ②to ③and ④within/in the normal range ⑤range between 5 yuan and 20 yuan/range from 5 yuan to 20 yuan ⑥out of my price range
3．①figure it out ②figured out how to ③身材 ④人物 ⑤数字 ⑥人影
第三版块：典型句式
1．①so nervous that ②such ③such exciting news ④such an interesting novel/so interesting a novel
2．①how to read fast ②When and where to vote
③how to turn an idea into an act ④to search
⑤to launch
3．①have written ②have run ③without ④would have visited ⑤would be ⑥Without air
4．①single out ②turn out ③put out ④give out ⑤picked out
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．perceived 2.humble 3.outcome 4.joint 5.circuit
6．scientific 7.orbit 8.subsequently 9.constantly 10.biologists
Ⅱ.
1．were replaced with 2.single out 3.ranged from 4.was connected to 5.was donated to 6.figure out 7.on holiday
8．is dedicated to 9.dealing with plained about
Ⅲ.
1．accuracy 2.physicists 3.efficiently 4.proposes/proposed
5．relatively 6.donated 7.corresponding 8.instantly
9．have launched 10.satellites
Ⅳ.
1．There was no doubt that the teacher assigned each of the children different tasks.
2．Under given conditions, the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial.
3．There is nothing like studying investment with a few friends.
4．Download Intranet also has a good performance, not to mention the external network.
5．Although an agreement has been reached, rumbles of complaint can still be heard.Part C Lesson 2 Aha Moment
【学习目标】
课时词汇 emerge, evaluation, flash, clueless, misunderstanding, invest
常用短语 bury oneself in, can't help doing sth., in other words, draw one's attention
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ n. 意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
2．____________ n. 重力，引力
3．____________ vi. 减少，降低
4．____________ adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
5．____________ vi. 出现，浮现
6．____________ n. 宇宙论，宇宙学
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．evaluate v．估价，评价→____________ n．评估，评价
2．incubate vt.孵化→____________ n．孵化
3．clue n．线索，提示；迹象→____________ adj.一无所知的，一窍不通的
4．incident n．事情，发生的事→____________ n．事情发生或具有影响的程度；发生率；影响范围→____________ n. 运气；巧合
5．theory n．理论；学说→____________ adj.理论的
第一版块：核心单词
1．emerge vi.出现，浮现vt. &vi.暴露
(教材P56)to emerge出现
emerge prominently 涌现
emerge ahead 展现在前面
emerge from... 从……中出现
It emerges that... (事实)暴露
The two soldiers suddenly emerged from the trees and both seemed to be calm and unhurt.
那两个士兵突然从树丛中冒了出来，他们看起来都很镇静也没受伤。
It emerged that he had deserted his household.他遗弃家人的事实暴露了。
We emerged into the pleasant sunlight.我们来到令人愉快的阳光下。
经典例句：
Many facts emerged as a result of the investigation.
由于调查，许多事实暴露了出来。
The flowers emerge in spring.
花儿在春天开放。
即学即练 完成句子
①The sun ________________ (从……出来) the clouds.
②However, when we look a bit deeper, problems ________________________ (开始出现).
③A wonderful idea ________________ (出现在我的脑海中).
2.flash n．闪光(灯) v．(使)闪耀；闪光；发出信号；突然想起；(使)闪现
a flash of lightning/inspiration 一道闪电/灵机一动
in a flash/like a flash 转瞬间；立即
flash back (to sth.) 回忆；回想；回顾
flash up (屏幕上)显示
flash through/into one's mind 闪过某人的脑海
flash a warning at them 朝他们发出警告
the flashing blue lights of a police car 警车闪烁的蓝灯
归纳拓展：
flashlight n．手电筒
flash card教学卡片；识字卡
a flash in the pan昙花一现
即学即练 完成句子
①在这儿等一等。我马上回来。
Just wait here. I'll be back ________________．
②我很快回想起兰斯洛特小姐给我布置任务的那一天。
Quickly, I ________________ to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the assignment.
③一个念头闪过我的脑海：她可能在分发食物。
The thought ________________ that she could be distributing foods.
3.clueless adj.一无所知的，一窍不通的 clue n．线索；提示
a clue to/about ……的线索
the only clue 唯一的线索
useful clues 有用的线索
vital clues 重要线索
归纳拓展：
be clueless about
对……一无所知
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Archaeological evidence will provide clues ________ what the building was used for.
②The vital clue ________ the killer's identity was his nickname, Peanuts.
4.misunderstanding n．误解；误会；意见不一；争执 misunderstand v. (misunderstood, misunderstood)误解；误会
clear up the misunderstanding 消除误会
have a misunderstanding about/of sth. 对某事的看法有分歧
have a misunderstanding with my deskmate 与我的同桌发生争执(误解)
mishear 误听；听错
mislead 误导
misdirect 误导；误用
misjudge 对(时间、距离等)判断错误；形成错误认识
misreport 误报
There is a misunderstanding about our publishing aim.
关于我们的出版目的，存在着误解。
学法指导：
前缀mis?意为“坏(或错)的；糟糕(或错误)地”，常见的以mis?为前缀的派生词：
misfortune不幸
misread读错；误解
misbehaviour行为不端
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He pointed out that I focused on the intention while Eleanor focused on the result. Thus, both of us felt ________ (misunderstand) and crazy.
②Many Chinese people have a ________ (misunderstand) of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past.
③He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's ________ (fortune).
5.invest v．投资；授予(权力等)，使穿着 investment n．投资 investor n．投资者
make an investment (in sth.) (对某事)进行投资
return on an investment 投资的收益
Oliver made a fortune by investing in antique furniture.
奥利弗投资古董家具发了财。
Now it is a good time to invest in the property market.
现在是对房地产市场投资的好时机。
Tom's heavy?rimmed glasses invest him with an air of dignity.
汤姆的厚边眼镜使他显得很威严。
归纳拓展：
invest in投资；买进
invest sb./sth.with sth.使似乎具备某性质；授予某人……
invest a lot of money in sth.在某事上投资很多钱
spend a lot of money on sth.
invest one's time in doing sth.把时间投入到做某事上
即学即练 单句语法填空
①He invested his spare time ________ learning English.
②The king invested him ________ a decoration.
完成句子
③他曾经帮我把钱投资到合适的公司。
He used to help me ________ my money ________ the right companies.
④这些课程花了我五百多美元，但我认为这是一笔很好的投资。
The lessons cost me over $500, but I consider them a ________________．
6.evaluation n．评估，评价
(教材P113)And the next three stages are incubation, evaluation and elaboration.
接下来的三个阶段是孵化、评估和细化。
policy evaluation 政策评价
function evaluation 功能评价
economic evaluation 经济评价
quality evaluation 质量评价
environmental evaluation 环境评价
expert evaluation 专家评估
evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计
We took some samples of products for evaluation.
我们取了一些产品样品作评估。
They are requested to evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.
他们被要求对这次火灾造成的后果进行评估。
It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.
对不同治疗方法的效果做出评估会很难。
词语积累：
evaluate the costs of评估……的费用
evaluate one's ability评估某人的能力
evaluate the value/quality of...评估……的价值/质量
evaluate the service of the hotel评价旅馆的服务
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The effects of the drug on patients' behaviour are extremely difficult ________ (evaluate).
②It is widely acknowledged that students should ________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
③We need to carry out a proper ________ (evaluate) of the new system.
完成句子
④I can't ____________________ (评估他的能力) without seeing his work.
⑤________________ (服务质量评估) is the core of library information service measuring.
第二版块：重点短语
1．bury oneself in专心致志于
(教材P112)But actually, he had buried himself a great deal in the study of it for years.但实际上，多年来他一直潜心研究这个问题。
(1)bury oneself in＝be buried in 专心致志于
bury...in sth. 使陷入，把……插入某物
(2)devote oneself to＝be devoted to 专心于……，致力于……
lose oneself in＝be lost in 沉迷于；专心致志于
seat oneself＝be seated 就座
You will have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the exam.
你如果想通过考试，就得专心致志地学习。
The researcher buried himself in the investigation with the hope of a new finding.那个研究人员专心致志于研究工作，希望能有新的发现。
经典例句：
He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着埋头看书。
He stood there with his hands buried in his pockets.
他站在那里，手插在口袋里。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①________ (bury) himself in his book, he didn't notice what had happened.
②________ (bury) in his book, he didn't notice what had happened.
③________ (bury) his face in his hands, he burst into tears.
一句多译
自来到这家工厂以来，他一直专注于革新。
④He has ________________ innovation ever since he came to this factory.
⑤He has ________________ innovation ever since he came to this factory.
⑥He has ________________ innovation ever since he came to this factory.
2.can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事
can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱(困境)
help sb. with sth. 在……方面帮助某人
I can't help feeling sorry for the poor man.我不禁为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
归纳拓展：
help (to) do sth.帮着做某事
help oneself (to)
自用；擅自支取(……)
can't help (it)
没有办法，控制不了
can't help but (to) do sth.
不得不做某事
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Hearing the bad news, he can't help ________ (cry) instantly.
②I'm very busy now, so I can't help ________ (clean) the room.
③I can't help ________ (think) he knows more than he has told us.
④I can't work out this maths problem. Please help me ________．
3.in other words换句话说
in a word 总之，简言之
word for word 逐字地
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 食言，违背诺言
In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.
换句话说，流言蜚语是令人满足的，因为它给人一种归属感，甚至是优越感。
In other words, there's a reason why people like the productive island.
换句话说，人们喜欢这个富饶的岛屿是有原因的。
归纳拓展：
have a word with sb.
和某人谈一谈
have words with sb.
与某人吵架(话多words容易吵架，话少a word就要谈谈)
同义表达：namely, that is, that is to say
即学即练 单句语法填空
①They are letting me go— ________ other words, I have been sacked.
②I've had a few words ________ John, and he's quite happy for you ________ (stay).
③Once he has made a promise, he never breaks his ________ (word).
④I don't want to have ________ (word) with you, I only need a few minutes to have ________ (word) with you.
4．draw one's attention引起某人的注意
hold/keep one's attention 保持某人的注意力
attract/catch one's attention 吸引/引起某人的注意
bring sth. to one's attention 使某事引起某人的注意
turn attention to 将注意力转向
His appearance at the meeting drew the attention of the participants.
他在会议上出现引起了参会者的注意。
归纳拓展：
pay more attention多注意
pay attention to...注意……，留心……(to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)
即学即练 完成句子
①If you ________________(更认真些) in class, you might actually learn something!
②They no longer ________________(注意) the bird and never learned what it was doing.
③They could ________________(保持注意力) for long.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have found that some drivers are ________ (一无所知的) about the ban.
2．________ (孵化) services usually include legal support, accounting services, talent training and IT support.
3．The surgeon will first send in trained nurses to ________ (评估) the needs of the individual situation.
4．From the files that have now been released, a truer picture ________ (出现，浮现).
5．What a ________ (巧合): my immediate boss is the man I greeted in the street.
Ⅱ.短语填空
by coincidence, all of a sudden, in other words, lead to, keep calm
1．The mobile gallery service has been reorganised—________________， they visit fewer places.
2．________________， I realised that something was wrong with the new device.
3．The new system may be more economic but ________________ a decline in programme quality.
4．________________， his teaching contract finished at about the same time his first paper was released.
5．________________ during the exam or competition and don't panic.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．After the routine ________ (evaluate), he was regarded as the person to donate blood to the patient.
2．After retiring, she became involved ________ the voluntary service in the celebration ceremonies.
3．Whenever I read this article, a lovely soldier ________ (emerge) in my mind.
4．The timing was a ________ (coincident) and his decision was unrelated to Mr. Roman's departure.
5．Most people are completely ________ (clue) about his advanced theory.
6．He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something ________ (occur) to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar.
7．Now it occurred to him ________ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
8．No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get ________ (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
9．When these organisms die, they bury carbon ________ the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.
10．A wide smile emerged ________ his blank expression. How beautiful his smile was!
11．If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course ________ (evaluate) to calmly offer your comments.
Part C Lesson 2 Aha Moment
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．bonus 2.gravity 3.decline 4.grand 5.emerge 6.cosmology
Ⅱ.
1．evaluation 2.incubation 3.clueless 4.incidence coincidence 5.theoretical
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①emerged from ②begin to emerge ③emerged into my mind
2．①in a flash ②flashed back ③flashed through my mind
3．①about ②to
4．①misunderstood ②misunderstanding ③misfortune
5．①in ②with ③invest in ④good investment
6．①to evaluate ②be evaluated ③evaluation
④evaluate his ability ⑤Service quality evaluation
第二版块：重点短语
1．①Burying ②Buried ③Burying ④been buried in/buried himself in ⑤been devoted to/devoted himself to ⑥been lost in/lost himself in
2．①crying ②to clean ③thinking ④out
3．①in ②with to stay ③word ④words a word
4．①paid more attention ②paid attention to ③hold their attention
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．clueless 2.Incubation 3.evaluate 4.emerges 5.coincidence
Ⅱ.
1．in other words 2.All of a sudden 3.will lead to
4．By coincidence 5.Keep calm
Ⅲ.
1．evaluation 2.in 3.emerges 4.coincidence
5．clueless 6.occurred 7.that 8.involved 9.in 10.from 11.evaluationsPart D Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking
【学习目标】
课时词汇 overcome, decline, separate, therefore, version, gravity, evidence
常用短语 in spite of, put together
典型句式 1.not just...but also... 2．that引导表语从句
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：根据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词
1．____________ n 导弹，飞弹
2．____________ vi. &vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮
n. 沸腾
3．____________n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力
4．____________ n. 水壶，壶
5．____________ n. 海军
6．____________ n. 大量，大宗
adj. 大量的
7．____________ n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式
1．regulate vt.控制，管理→____________ n．管理；规定；调整，调节→____________ adj.管制的，调整的，控制的
2．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→____________ n．图解，图示，示例，举例说明→____________ adj.作为图例或图解的，作说明用的，解说性的→illustrator n．为书制作插图的人
3．evolution n．进化→____________n．彻底变革，革命→revolutionary adj.革命的
4．sail v．航行→____________n．水手，海员
5．electricity n．电→____________adj.用电的，带电的，电动的
6．specific adj.特定的，特有的；详明的，明确的→____________adv.特定地，专门地
7．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护n．腌菜，果酱→____________ n．[U]保护，保存
8．available adj.可获得的，可用的→____________ n．可能性
9．mechanic n．技工，机修工→____________ adj.机械的→____________ adv.机械地；呆板地；无意识地
10．explode vi. &vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→____________ n．爆炸(声)
[词语积累]
[1] influential adj.有影响的
[2] aged adj.……岁的
[3] brilliant adj.杰出的；绝妙的
[4] theoretical/θ 'ret k l/ adj.理论的
[5] cosmology/k z'm l d i/n.宇宙论，宇宙学
[6] overcome/ v 'k m/vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
[7] challenge n．挑战
[8] physician n．医师；内科医生
[9] slow－progressing adj.进展缓慢的
[10] rather than而不是
[11] speech－generating
equipment语言生成设备
[12] lose the use of丧失……功能
[13] decline/d 'kla n/vi.减少，降低
[14] cease vt.停止
[15] a sort of一种
[16] lead to通向
[17] separate adj.单独的；不受影响的
[18] copy n．一册
[19] version n．版本
[20] grand/gr nd/adj.
宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
[21] argue v．论证；说理；主张
[22] look up向上看
[23] in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
[24] prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
[25] reduce vt.减少；降低
[26]bonus/'b n s/n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利
On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's most influential[1] scientists, Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, aged[2] 76.【1】 Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant [3] work in theoretical[4] physics and cosmology[5]， but also for overcoming[6] the challenges[7] of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).【2】
【1】本句的主干是one of the world's most influential scientists died at his home in England。 Stephen Hawking是同位语，形容词短语aged 76作状语。
【2】not just...but also...也作not only...but also...，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，在本句中连接两个并列的原因状语。
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942, in Oxford. He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959. At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians[8] discovered he had a rare, slow－progressing[9] form of ALS.【3】 He was only expected to live for a few years.
【3】本句的主干是physicians discovered he had a rare, slow－progressing form of ALS，介词短语At the age of 21是时间状语，when引导时间状语从句。
Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than[10] teach, which was easier for him.【4】 In 1985, he had to have an operation. As a result, he lost his speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech－generating equipment[11] that allowed him to speak.【5】 However, as his illness became worse, he lost the use of[12] his hands.【6】
【4】本句是but连接的并列句，在第二个分句中，which was easier for him是定语从句，关系词which在从句中作主语。
【5】本句中的that allowed him to speak是定语从句，修饰a piece of speech－generating equipment。
【6】本句中包含了一个as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
Although Hawking's physical abilities declined[13] over decades, he never ceased[14] his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.【7】 Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. His theory was that there was a sort of[15] hole in the centre of a black hole.【8】 This hole led to[16] another universe, completely separate[17] from our own.
【7】Although引导让步状语从句，主句是由and连接的并列句。
【8】在本句中，that引导表语从句。
Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book, ABriefHistoryofTime: FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles, sold one copy[18] for every 750 people on Earth. However, many people could not really understand what he had written.【9】 Therefore, Hawking decided to write a simpler version[19]，ABrieferHistoryofTime (2005).
【9】本句是一个复合句，what he had written是宾语从句，作understand的宾语。
In TheGrand[20]Design (2010, with Leonard Mlodinow), Hawking argued[21] that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have. 【10】
【10】在本句中，that they already have是定语从句，修饰all the ideas。介词短语Instead of trying to find one big new explanation作状语，也可置于句末。
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up[22] at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.”
In spite of[23] his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had not prevented him from[24] having a family, and being successful in his work. “My expectations were reduced[25] to zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus[26].”And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.【11】
【11】本句中believed后是宾语从句；because of the help作表语，he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations是定语从句，修饰the help。
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，史蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论(theoretical)物理学和宇宙学(cosmology)方面的杰出研究而著名，而且因克服(overcome)了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
1942年1月8日史蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降(decline)，但他从未停止过研究，并对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)创造了许多小黑洞，他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《大(grand)设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说试图寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。
2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
尽管(in spite of)霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠(bonus)。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人和许多人与机构的帮助。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．Where is the passage taken from
A．A book. B．The Internet.
C．The newspaper. D．The TV news.
2．When was Stephen Hawking discovered to suffer from ALS
A．When he was born.
B．When he was studying at the University of Oxford.
C.When he was studying at the University of Cambridge.
D．When he was working at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Stephen Hawking was famous for his theory of black holes.
B．Stephen Hawking was the co－author of the book TheGrandDesign.
C.The book ABriefHistoryofTime: FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles was popular because it is easy to understand.
D．The book ABrieferHistoryofTime (2005) is easier than the book ABriefHistoryofTime: FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.
4．Which of the following can be used to describe Hawking
A．Optimistic and grateful.
B．Unlucky and miserable.
C．Generous and determined.
D．Humorous and academic.
第一版块：核心单词
1．overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜(overcame, overcome)
(教材P58)to overcome the challenge of...克服……的挑战
overcome difficulties/bad habits 克服困难/改掉恶习
overcome fear 克服恐惧
overcome disadvantage 克服不利条件
overcome obstacles 克服障碍
overcome enemies/the enemy 战胜敌人
overcome shyness 克服羞怯
be overcome with sorrow 伤心欲绝
be overcome with joy 喜不自胜
We are confident that we can overcome these difficulties.
我们相信我们能克服这些困难。
Molly fought and overcame her fear of diving into the water.
莫莉经过努力克服了对潜水的恐惧。
The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.
考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。
She was overcome with grief when her husband died.
她的丈夫去世时她悲痛欲绝。
易混词语辨析：
overcome强调克服困难、障碍等。
beat后常跟表示人的名词。
defeat侧重指在战场上打败敌人。
win后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品等。
归纳拓展：
be overcome with excitement/horror/grief因兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持
be overcome with/by往往表示“被某种情绪所控制/制服”，表示人的一种情绪状态。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Although there were lots of difficulties ________ (overcome), she never let her problems defeat her.
②Even today, I would ________ (overcome) with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
完成句子
③I think you'd better read some books in Chinese to ________________ (克服困难) in understanding the language before you come here.
④Actively getting involved in various social activities is the best way to ________________ (克服文化冲击).
2．decline vi.减少，降低 vt. &vi.婉言谢绝，拒绝 n．衰落，衰退；减少，下降
(教材P59)Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies...尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究……
(1)vt. &vi.婉言谢绝，拒绝
decline to 减少到……
decline by 减少了……
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
(2)n.减少；下降；衰退
fall/go into decline 开始衰落
on the decline 在下降；走下坡路
in decline 在衰退中；在衰落
a rapid/sharp/gradual decline 迅速/急剧/逐渐下降
The price of 14?inch TV sets declined from 400 yuan to 320 yuan each.
14英寸的电视机的价格每台从400元降到了320元。
He is overcome with disappointment because of the fact that the funding for technological innovation has declined by 40%.
他很失望，因为用于技术创新的资金已经减少了40%。
教师提醒：
on the decline的反义词组为on the increase，意思是“正在增长，不断增长”。
经典例句：
Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline．
令人高兴的是吸烟的人正在减少。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①At that time, the economy of the country is ________ the decline.
②It is reported that the profit declined ________________ 4.1% last year.
③The number of staff has declined from 217, 000 ________________ 114, 000 in the company.
完成句子
④According to scientists, our mental abilities ________________ (开始衰退) from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
⑤As far as we know, the port ________________ (开始衰落) in the 1990s.
3.separate adj.分开的；独立的；不相关的；不同的 v．分开 separated adj.分居的 separation n．分开；分离；分居
separate from the rocket 离开火箭
separate A from B 把A和B分开
separate the land from the island 把陆地和岛屿分开
separate the good from the bad 把好的和坏的分开
divide them into six groups 把他们分成六组
易混比较：
separate与divide
separate指把原来连在一起的东西分开，后接介词from。
divide指把整体分成若干部分，后接介词into。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Those suffering from the outcome were separated ________ the other patients.
②Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate ________ one another at times.
③We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than ________ (divide) us.
④The ability ________ (separate) reusable elements ________ other waste is crucial.
⑤Our class ________ (divide) ________ seven groups.
4．therefore adv.所以，因此
therefore是副词，意为“因此，所以”，在句中的位置灵活，常和句子其他部分用逗号隔开；也可放在and后省略主语，用于承接上文表示严密的推理，此时不用逗号隔开。
He was busy, therefore, he couldn't come.他忙得很，所以他来不了。
＝He was busy and therefore couldn't come.
She was sad, so she began to weep.她很悲伤，所以哭了起来。
易混比较：
therefore与so
therefore adv.“因此”，正式用词，表示严密的推理，相当于for that reason。
so conj.“因此”，可连接两个并列分句。常用于会话和日常文体中，推论不必严密。
即学即练 用therefore, and therefore或so完成句子
①发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。
Glowing plants could reduce this distance ________________ help save energy.
②他们曾见过他用拖网捕鱼，因此知道有鱼。
They had seen him trawling; ________， they knew that there were fish.
③I didn't go to bed until 12：00 last night, ________ I got up late.
5．version n．版本；描述，说法
a simplified version 简化版
the English version 英语版本
a new version 新版本
a TV version 电视版
the original version 原版
two different versions of the event 这件事的两种不同说法
This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”．
这个新的开始让我有机会重新定义自己，发现“酷”的全新版本。
There are two versions of the game, a long one and a short one.
这游戏有两个版本，一长一短。
经典例句：
There are two different versions of the event.
这件事有两种说法。
即学即练 完成句子
①________________ (新版本) of the dictionary will be available next week.
②Yesterday I bought ________________ (原版) of Mao's Selected works published in 1972.
③Do you know ________________ (不同说法) of the incident
6.gravity n．重力，引力；(令人忧虑的)重要性；严重性；庄严
the center of gravity 重心
the force of gravity 重力
by gravity 由于重力
Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律
without gravity 没有重力
in zero gravity 失重
When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.
当我们更靠近月球时，我们就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样强。
I don't think you realize the gravity of the situation.
我认为你没有意识到局势的严重性。
常见搭配：
gravity熟词生义：严重性；庄严
grasp the gravity理解严重性
realise the gravity of the situation认识到情况的严重性
keep one's gravity保持庄重
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Apples fall ________ the ground because ________ gravity.
②They are still unaware ____________ the gravity ________ the problem.
③For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria ________ zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution.
7.evidence n．证据，证明 evident adj.显然的，显而易见的
have evidence 有证据
find evidence 找到证据
give evidence 作证
clear/strong evidence 明显的/有力的证据
medical/scientific evidence 医学/科学证据
It is evident that... 显然……
There is (some) evidence that... 有证据表明……
误区提示：
evidence后常跟that引导的同位语从句。
There is (some) evidence that...
有证据表明……
一项证据
a piece of evidence (√)
an evidence (×)
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
②“That is only evidence ________ traditions once existed，” he said.
③Now we have the most direct ________ (evident) yet that he is right.
④Yet there is ________ (evident) suggesting that the trend is growing.
⑤It is ________ (evidence) that all the students can get good marks in the future exam.
第二版块：重点短语
1.in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管……
(教材P59)In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
in spite of＝despite 虽然；尽管……仍；不管；不顾
regardless of 不顾；不加理会
in spite of oneself 不由自主地
We proceeded with the work in spite of the coldness.
尽管天气寒冷，我们还是继续工作。
In spite of his advanced age, the biologist is still buried in his research.
那位生物学家尽管年事已高，但仍埋头于他的研究工作。
The arts of China have not declined in spite of the Western influence.
尽管受到西方的影响，中国的艺术并没有衰落。
In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
经典例句：
Despite the fact that we may fail, we still try to team up with each other efficiently.尽管我们可能会失败，但我们仍然努力有效地相互合作。
He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequences.
他说干就干，没有考虑后果。
He fell asleep, in spite of himself.他还是不由自主地睡着了。
Though it was cold, he had to go to work.
虽然天气很冷，但他还是得去上班。
即学即练 完成句子
①______________________ (尽管) his old age, he still leads an active life.
②He has decided on the date of the opening of his own company ____________________________ (尽管事实是) that his parents don't agree with him.
同义句转换
③In spite of our joint effort, we still can't make a great breakthrough.
→________ our joint effort, we still can't make a great breakthrough.
2.put together汇集
put away 将……收起
put aside 储存；保留
put down 写下；放下；卸下；平定
put forward 提出(意见、建议)
put on 表演；上演(戏剧)；增(肥)；戴上
London has more pubs and clubs than the rest of the country put together.
伦敦的酒馆和俱乐部比国家其他地区所有的加在一起还要多。
归纳拓展：
put off推迟；延期
put out熄灭；扑灭
put up举起；张贴；搭建；提供(食宿)
put up with忍受；容忍
即学即练 完成句子
①Your department spent more last year than all the others ______________ (合起来).
②We can't ________________ (推迟) buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn't work.
③He couldn't ________________ (忍受) the noise, so he kept the windows shut all day long.
④One should always ____________________ (储存点钱) for a rainy day.
⑤She washed the cups and ________________ (把它们收了起来).
第三版块：典型句式
1.not just...but also...不但……而且……
(教材P58)Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control).
霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，而且因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
归纳拓展：
(1)not only... but also...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近”原则。
(2)not only放在句首时，所在的句子要用倒装结构，但but also后的句子不倒装。
(3)A as well as B“不但B，而且A”，该结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与A保持一致。
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours.护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。
The boy's brother as well as his parents is willing to donate blood to him.
不仅那个男孩的父母，而且他弟弟也愿意给他献血。
not just... but also...也作not only... but also...，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，在本句中连接两个并列的原因状语。
经典例句：
This is not just/only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国所有科学家的认可和鼓励。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Not only Tom but also his parents ________ (be) invited the other day.
②Not only his parents but also Tom ________ (be) invited the other day.
完成句子
③The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ______________________ (节省了老师的精力), but students also became more interested in the lessons.
④They ________________ (不但扑灭了大火) but also saved people who were in danger.
同义句转换
⑤He is not only a gifted musician, but also a great speaker who can always give us students encouragement.
→He is a gifted musician ________________________ a great speaker who can always give us students encouragement.
2．that引导表语从句
(教材P59)His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.
他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞。
表语从句的引导词有
that和whether
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等。
连接副词when, where, why, how等。
其他连接词as if, as though, because等。
My idea is that we should support the reform of the legal system.
我的想法是我们应该支持法律体系的改革。
The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
好消息是，我可以帮助我的孩子比我更早地学会如何用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。(“疑问词＋不定式”作learn的宾语)
This is what my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难，并且抱最好的希望。
误区警示：
whether引导表语从句时不能替换成if。
经典例句：
The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①The reason for your mistake is ________ you lack confidence in yourself.
②The question is ________ we can reduce the cost of the product.
③This place isn't ________ it used to be.
④The doubt is ________ has got away with the document.
⑤That was ________ we camped last time.
⑥The question is ________ we can do the work better.
⑦It sounds ________________ Laura has been really ill.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I read a lot on ________ (宇宙学) and subsequently a reasonable amount of philosophy.
2．The ________ (宏伟的) design of Europe's monetary union is already agreed.
3．With no ________ (重力), it's just as easy to pedal violently.
4．His theories give us an active ________ (理论的) and practical significance.
5．His evaluation gave me the strength to ________ (克服) the difficulty.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in spite of, on the decline, separate from, look up, argue about, be diagnosed with, regard as, be proud of, point to, with the help of
1．The residents of the town ________ the new stadium.
2．She ________ temporary depression, and had to go to hospital during the day.
3．Can you ________ the opening ceremony on the website
4．They went swimming ________ all the danger signs and warnings.
5．A number of gifted people ________ the successor to the now vacant post.
6．He ________ that mechanical watch and told us about its history.
7．Nowadays, many students do homework online ________ the network.
8．The two children ________ what entertainment programmes to watch.
9．In no way can theory ________ practice.
10．Luckily, the rate of violence and crime in the area is ________．
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is ________ the decline.
2．If those clubs actually win something, the players will receive large ________ (bonus).
3．Amy discovered that the ________ (theory) and written assignment came easily to her.
4．She ________ (overcome) her fear of blood after she became a surgeon.
5．The network described ________ (grand) knowing everything about the game.
6．As the economy was ________ decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.
7．The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined ________ 50 per cent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.
8．We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ________ (decline), saying that she felt like walking.
9．In spite ________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
10．Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
11．There, he not only did well as a student ________ also became an accomplished public speaker.
Ⅳ.汉译英(用上括号内的短语)
1．尽管他们已想方设法节约用钱，债务仍旧在逐渐增多。(in spite of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．1929年生产增长率趋于下降。(on the decline)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．他的理论是，孤独肯定是以某些更为根本、有趣的方式影响着我们的长期健康。(表语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．视力缺陷使他无法准确聚焦。(prevent...from)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．不应允许儿童看暴力电影。(be allowed to...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part D Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．missile 2.boil 3.steam 4.kettle 5.navy
6．mass 7.fibre
Ⅱ.
1．regulation regulatory 2.illustration illustrative
3．revolution 4.sailor 5.electric 6.specifically
7．preservation 8.availability 9.mechanical mechanically 10.explosion
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．B 2.C 3.C 4.A
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①to overcome ②be overcome ③overcome the trouble/difficulty ④overcome the culture shock
2．①on ②by ③to ④begin to decline ⑤fell/went into decline
3．①from ②from ③divide ④to separate from ⑤is divided into
4．①and therefore ②therefore ③so
5．①The new version ②the original version ③the different version(s)
6．①to of ②of of ③in
7．①that ②that ③evidence ④evidence ⑤evident
第二版块：重点短语
1．①In spite of/Despite ②in spite of the fact/despite the fact
③Despite
2．①put together ②put off ③put up with ④put a little money aside ⑤put them away
第三版块：典型句式
1．①were ②was ③was teachers' energy saved
④not only put out the big fire ⑤as well as
2．①that ②whether ③what ④who ⑤where
⑥how/how ever/whether ⑦as if/though/that
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．cosmology 2.grand 3.gravity 4.theoretical 5.overcome
Ⅱ.
1．are proud of 2.was diagnosed with 3.look up
4．in spite of 5.were regarded as 6.pointed to
7．with the help of 8.argued about 9.be separated from 10.on the decline
Ⅲ.
1．on 2.bonuses 3.theoretical 4.overcame
5．grandly 6.in 7.by 8.declined 9.of 10.where 11.but
Ⅳ.
1．They saw their debts rising steadily in spite of superhuman efforts to save money. 2.The rate of production growth was on the decline in 1929. 3.His theory was that loneliness must influence our long?term health in more fundamental and interesting ways. 4.A defect of vision prevented him from focusing accurately. 5.Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.Part E Grammar——形容词和短语介词
一、形容词
1．形容词的概念
(1)形容词表示事物的形状、性质和状态等。如大、高、认真、生动、美丽、精明、可爱、冰凉、初级、高级、简单、复杂等。
(2)形容词是一种主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词的词类，可以用来表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。
(3)形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词有比较等级。
2．形容词的句法功能
(1)作定语(前置定语或后置定语)
He has worked as a teacher in a remote area since he graduated from college.他大学毕业后一直在偏远地区当老师。(remote作area的定语)
He is the happiest person alive.他是世上最快乐的人。(若语境需要，alive, alike, alone等表语形容词可用于名词后作后置定语)
Do you have anything important to tell me？你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗？(形容词修饰复合不定代词，作后置定语)
That is the best book available.那是可用的书中最好的一本。(以-able或-ble结构尾的形容词可作前面有形容词最高级或the only等修饰的名词的后置定语)
This is a book suitable for children.这是一本适合孩子们的图书。(形容词短语作后置定语)
(2)作表语
His suggestions are very valuable.
他的建议很有价值。
He felt ashamed of what he had done to his friend.
他为自己对朋友所做的事感到羞愧。
(3)作宾语补足语
I consider his suggestion very valuable.
我认为他的建议很有价值。
I find it annoying when a fly is flying around.我觉得苍蝇飞来飞去很烦人。(annoying作宾补，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句)
3．合成形容词的构成
(1)副词＋分词，如：hard-working勤劳的
(2)名词＋过去分词，如：man-made人造的
(3)名词＋现在分词，如：time-consuming耗时的
(4)名词＋形容词，如：world-famous世界闻名的
(5)数词＋名词，如：five-star五星级的
(6)数词＋名词-ed，如：three-legged三条腿的
(7)数词＋名词＋形容词，如：five-year-old 5岁的
(8)形容词＋过去分词，如：ready-made现成的
(9)形容词＋名词-ed，如：kind-hearted好心的
(10)形容词＋现在分词，如：ordinary-looking相貌一般的
(11)形容词＋形容词，如：red-hot炽热的
4．形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)一般加-er或-est
strong—stronger—strongest
(2)以字母e结尾的词只加-r或-st
late—later—latest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er或-est
hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest
(4)以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的单词，将y变为i，再加-er或-est
ugly—uglier—ugliest early—earlier—earliest
(5)多音节词和部分双音节词，在其前加more或most
enthusiastic—more enthusiastic—most enthusiastic
(6)不规则变化单独记忆
[学法点拨]
(1)词尾为“元音字母＋y”时，y不变，直接加-er或-est。
(2)有少数几个双音节词以及以-er和-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。
clever—cleverer/more clever—cleverest/most clever
(3)一些合成形容词的比较等级
good-looking—better-looking/more good-looking
—best-looking/most good-looking
(4)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级。如：right正确的，wrong错误的，excellent极好的，final最后的，possible可能的，east东方的，empty空的，wooden木制的，favourite最喜欢的，impossible不可能的。
5．构成形容词的常见后缀
(1)名词＋-al: cultural, global, industrial
(2)名词＋-ic: scientific
(3)名词＋-ish: foolish, childish
(4)名词＋-ful: peaceful, helpful
(5)名词＋-less: careless, homeless
(6)名词＋-ary: revolutionary
(7)名词＋-en: wooden, golden
(8)名词＋-y: rainy, snowy, windy, healthy
(9)名词＋-ous: dangerous, humorous
(10)动词＋-ive: attractive, impressive
(11)动词＋-ed: excited, surprised, annoyed
(12)动词＋-ing: exciting, surprising, annoying
(13)动词/名词＋-able/-ible: accessible, reliable
(14)动词/名词＋-some: troublesome
(15)动词/名词＋-ant/-ent: pleasant, different, convenient
即学即练1 写出下列单词的形容词形式
①practice ____________
②nature ____________
③energy ____________
④wonder ____________
⑤end ____________
⑥west ____________
⑦product ____________
⑧sleep ____________
⑨reason ____________
⑩gift ____________
distance ____________
comfort ____________
poison ____________
please ____________
noise ____________
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
slim ____________ ____________
thin ____________ ____________
bad ____________ ____________
important ____________ ____________
good ____________ ____________
well-known ____________ ____________
small ____________ ____________
happy ____________ ____________
annoying ____________ ____________
far ____________ ____________
单句语法填空
The Wallace giant bee is the world's ________ (large) bee, with a body the size of a human thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches.
He is a little weak in all his subjects but he is ________ (gift) in dancing and singing.
The doctor explained the situation to her little brother, and asked the little boy if he would be ________ (will) to give his blood to his sister.
“We are now thinking about development, allowing the paintings to be more ________ (create)，” he said.
It is one of the most ________ (amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
In the movie Coco, for instance, the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead, a ________ (tradition) festival in Mexico, when colourful paper-cuts are hung on the street.
He is so ________ (sorrow) because he can't go to the graduation ceremony because of his illness.
This gives the brightest and best students an opportunity to experience the benefits of studying at a ________ (globe) Top 100 university.
After all, family bonds are the most ________ (significance) thing in Chinese people's hearts.
The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and ________ (productive) lives than those who had not.
二、短语介词
1．短语介词的概念
短语介词是用作介词的短语(如with a view to)，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词等。
2．短语介词的构成
(1)连词＋介词
because of 因为
as for/to 至于
but for 要不是
(2)介词＋介词
along with 随着；和……一起
except for 除了
(3)介词＋名词＋介词
by way of 通过……的方式
by means of 通过
with regard to 就……而言；关于
in case of 万一
in charge of 掌管
in addition to 除了
in honour of 为了表达对……的敬意
in place of 代替
in terms of 就……而言
in view of 鉴于
in favour of 支持
in memory of 为纪念
in spite of 尽管
on behalf of 代表
in front of 在……前面
with reference to 关于
for fear of 唯恐，以免
(4)形容词/副词＋介词
regardless of 不管；不顾
due to 因为
owing to 因为
previous to 在……以前
such as 例如
apart from 除……之外(都)
ahead of 在……前面；领先于
instead of 代替
next to 紧挨着
together with 和……一起
according to 根据；按照
close to 离……近
(5)介词＋the＋名词＋介词
for the purpose of 为了……
in the charge of 由……掌管
at the expense of 以……为代价
at the mercy of 任……处置；任由……摆布
by the side of 在……附近；在……的旁边
by the end of 到……末为止
under the control of 在……的控制下
in the middle of 在……中间
with the help of 在……的帮助下
on the point of 正要……的时候
3．常用的短语介词
这类介词是短语性的固定介词搭配，可以由“介词＋名词＋介词”“介词＋介词”“形容词＋介词”“副词＋介词”等构成，常用的有：
out of 从……里面，从……中
but for 要不是
ahead of 在……前
according to 根据
apart from 除……外
along with 同……一起
because of 由于，因为
together with 同……一起
as to 关于，至于
due to 由于
in front of 在……前面
in place of 代替
on behalf of 代表
near to 靠近
instead of 替代，而不
next to 紧靠旁边，贴近
on account of 由于，鉴于
owing to 由于，因为
with regard to 关于
in regard to 关于
prior to 在……前
in view of 考虑到
in spite of 尽管
in accordance with 根据
by means of 用，依靠
as from 自……起
as for 至于
except for 除……外
as concerns 关于
for want of 因为缺乏
at the cost of 以……为代价
over against 在……对面，正对着
down to 由……引起
away from 离开
irrespective of 不顾
with a view to 旨在，目的是
on the point of 正要……之际
in the event of 如果发生，万一
for the sake of 为了
by way of 经由，通过
up to 一直到
thanks to 由于，多亏
previous to 先于
due to 由于
up against 遇到问题
Mary was close to tears.
玛丽快要落下泪来了。
The village was uncomfortably close to the river.
这个村庄靠近河流，令人不安。
He knew that he was up against a powerful political force.
他明白自己遇到了强大的政治势力。
She continued to care for her father up to the time of his death.
她一直照顾父亲直到他去世。
The country road ahead of us was rather muddy.
我们前面的乡村道路泥泞不堪。
He got a lot of fun out of sweeping dead leaves in the yard.
他觉得清扫庭院中的枯叶挺有乐趣。
Henry always does whatever he pleases without regard to the feeling of others.
亨利做事总是随心所欲，从不考虑别人的感情。
Different methods are used depending on what results are required.
根据所需的结果采用不同的方法。
In between school and university I did a two-month crash course in spoken English.
在中学毕业后到上大学之前这段时间，我上了两个月的英语口语速成班。
He was composed, enthusiastic, and on top of every situation.
他从容而热情，凡事都能应付自如。
[误区警示] 要注意的是，短语介词中的搭配都是固定的，不可随意变更，如by means of不可说成by means to。
[学法指导] 短语介词不同于介词短语。介词短语是由介词跟宾语构成的短语(如with a view to buying a car)，本身可作句子成分，如作定语、状语等，可独立使用。比较：
I will help you for the sake of our friendship.为了我们的友谊，我是愿意帮助你的。(for the sake of是短语介词，for the sake of our friendship是介词短语，作状语)
They lived among the hills.他们住在山中。(among the hills是介词短语，作状语)
I'll take this one for want of a better one.没有更好的，我就拿这一个。(for want of是短语介词，for want of a better one是介词短语)
4．部分常见的介词用法
(1)against的用法
含义 例句
反对；违背；与……相反 Tom joined the army against his father's will.汤姆违背爸爸的意愿参了军。
触；碰；紧靠；倚靠 Don't lean against the wall. It's dirty.不要靠着墙，很脏。
与……竞争；对阵 He was injured in the match against the team from Class 3.他在和三班的队伍的比赛中受伤了。
防御；抵御 They built the Great Wall against the enemies.他们建长城是为了防御敌人。
以……为背景；衬托 The building looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的衬托下，大楼看上去更美丽。
(2)with
含义 例句
和……一起；和；同；跟 Although he has lived with us for years, he hasn't left us much impression.尽管他和我们住了好几年，但他没有给我们留下多少印象。
(表示同时或同一方向)随着 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量提高了60%，这家公司又是一个丰收年。
具有；有……特征 China is a country with a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
由于；因为 With so much work on hand, you shouldn't have gone to see the game last night.手边有这么多工作，你昨天晚上本不该去看比赛的。
(表示方式)用 He broke the glass with a brick.他用一块砖打碎了玻璃。
显示出一种特性 They fought with great courage.他们英勇战斗。
(3)by
含义 例句
(时间)不迟于；在……之前 My brother will come by 10 in the morning.我弟弟上午十点前就能来。
(位置)靠近，在……附近/旁边 There is a desk by the window.窗子旁边有一张桌子。
表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据；按照；以……结算”(常用结构为“by＋the＋单数可数名词”) They hire out boats by the hour.他们按小时出租小船。
经过；经由 The man came in by the front door.那个人是从前门进来的。
靠；用；通过(某种方式、手段) You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通过电话订票。
即学即练2 用方框中所给的短语介词完成句子
instead of, as for, along with, in spite of, in terms of, as a consequence of, in the middle of, in addition to, at the expense of, in favour of, owing to, regardless of
①So ________________ your question, Miles, the answer still has to be no.
②She lost her job when the factory closed, ________________ hundreds of others.
③________________ his salary, he has a bonus of 250 yuan per month.
④It was a bad year for films, ________________ both quantity and quality.
⑤He concluded from their remarks that they were not ________________ the plan.
⑥________________ their quarrel, they remain the best friends.
⑦There is a growing tendency for people to work at home ________________ in offices.
⑧Millions will face starvation next year ________________ the drought there.
⑨They were ______________ dinner when I called.
⑩He built up the business ______________ his health.
Every student can participate in the activity, ________________ boys or girls.
He was given a cash bonus ________________ the scientificbreakthrough he had made.
完成句子
There was a strange man ____________________________ (坐在我旁边) on the plane.
Do you come to China ____________________ (为了) studying or travelling
The club welcomes all new members ________________________ (不管年龄).
__________________________ (在……的帮助下) a ladder ，neighbours were able to rescue the children from the fire.
She was always well ______________________________ (领先于) the rest of the class in maths.
单词语法填空
1．________ everyone's amazement, the ball went into the net.
2．I started to play football ________ my classmates after school bimonthly.
3．The far side of the moon has great appeal for scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more ________ the familiar near side.
4．He laughed ________ pleasure when people said he looked like his dad constantly.
5．Modern accurate methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
6．We were frequently greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact.
7．Like so many others, the little tramp and his pleasant friend rushed to California in search ________ gold, but in vain.
8．Amy, as well ________ other participants, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
9．Their child is ________ the stage where she can imitate identical words but not full sentences.
10．The professor warned students that ________ no account should they use mobile phones in his class wholly.
11．China's soft power grows ________ line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
12．Scientific innovation is an area where China and the rest of the world are ________ the same starting line.
13．Hopefully in 2025 we will correspond with each other in different ways, for we will have developed more convenient electronic communication tools ________ then.
14．Kae, whose sister I shared a room with when we were ________ college, has gone to a productive island.
15．________ first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving resolutely, but he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
16．The possibility that there is life on other planets ________ the universe has always inspired scientists to proceed.
17．Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to fetch the parcel, but he went ________ all.
18．Martin helped his father dig the water gardens out ________ hand. As a consequence, he discovered his interest in gardening.
19．You should apologise to us for behaving like that ________ front of the kids.
20．I frequently think about going back home earlier ________ vacation.
Part E Grammar——形容词和短语介词
即学即练1 ①practical ②natural ③energetic
④wonderful ⑤endless ⑥western ⑦productive
⑧sleepy ⑨reasonable ⑩gifted distant
comfortable poisonous pleased/pleasing/pleasant
noisy slimmer slimmest thinner thinnest
worse worst more important most important
better best better-known best-known
smaller smallest happier happiest more annoying most annoying farther/further farthest/furthest largest gifted willing creative
amazing traditional sorrowful global
significant more productive
即学即练2 ①as for ②along with ③In addition to ④in terms of ⑤in favour of ⑥In spite of ⑦instead of ⑧as a consequence of ⑨in the middle of ⑩at the expense of regardless of owing to sitting next to me for the purpose of regardless of age With the help of ahead of
夯实基础·一遍落实
1．To 2.with 3.than 4.with 5.of/for 6.of 7.of 8.as 9.at 10.on 11.in 12.on 13.by 14.at 15.At 16.in 17.after 18.by 19.in 20.on
