Unit 8 Literature
Part A Topic Talk
【学习目标】
课时词汇 常用短语 典型句式
fantasy, absorbing, contradictory, submit, registration, charge, setting, stimulating be used to doing sth., at least, figure out, a variety of 1.“find＋宾语＋宾补” 发现某人/某物…… 2．This/That/It is the first/second/last time (that) sb. has done sth.这/那是某人第一次/第二次/最后一次做某事。
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．fiction n. ________________
2．poetry n. ________________
3．drama n. ________________
4．genre n. ________________
5．romance n. ________________
6．________________ n. 侦探，警探
7．________________ n. 幻想作品；幻想，空想
8．________________ adj. 激动人心的，戏剧的
9．________________ n. 难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事
10．________________ adj. 矛盾的，抵触的
Ⅱ.根据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词
1．history n．历史→____________ adj.历史的
2．literature n．文学→____________ adj.文学的
3．set vt.以……为背景→____________ n．(书、影片中发生情节的)背景/环境
4．register v．登记；注册→____________ n．登记；注册
5．drama n．戏剧→____________ adj.戏剧的
6．contradict vt.反驳；与……矛盾→____________ adj.矛盾的；抵触的
7．logic n．逻辑；道理；合理的想法→____________ adj.合乎逻辑的
8．stimulate vt.刺激→____________ adj.使人兴奋的；饶有兴趣的→____________ n．刺激；激励，兴奋作用
9．detect vt.发现；发觉→____________ n．侦探；警探→____________ n．侦察；探测
10．poem n．诗→____________ n．诗人→____________ n．诗歌；诗情，诗意
第一版块：核心单词
1．fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想 fantastic adj.极好的；不切实际的；幻想的
(教材P28)detective stories, fantasy novels 侦探小说，奇幻小说
have fantasies of sth. 幻想某事
have fantasies about doing sth. 幻想做某事
a work of fantasy 幻想作品
live in a fantasy world 生活在幻想世界中
feel/look/sound fantastic 感觉/看上去/听起来很好
a fantastic scheme/project 不切实际的计划/方案
fantastic tales 奇幻故事
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the brilliant storytellers.
这是一部优秀的奇幻小说，作者是一位才华横溢的小说家。
My youngest brother has fantasies about living in an ancient castle.我最小的弟弟幻想住在一座古堡里。
To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!
要进入一个关于古英格兰的幻想世界，来卡默洛特公园！
[词语积累]
fancy vt.想要；想象 adj.昂贵的；花哨的 n．想要；想象
fantastic adj.不切实际的；富于想象的；极好的；了不起的
fantastically adv.奇异地；极其
fancy用作动词时，后接doing作宾语，不接to do。
The intelligent girl fancies becoming a famous lawyer in the future.
这个聪明的女孩幻想将来能成为一位著名的律师。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I don't think that the kid can tell the difference between ________ (fantasy) and reality.
②Little girls have ________ (fantasy) about living in a garden filled with flowers.
③It is ________ (fantasy) when young people from different parts of the world come together.
④The poor girl fancied ________ (meet) romantic love and living a happy life.
⑤The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make ________ (fantasy) decorations.
完成句子
⑥Imagination and ________ (幻想) can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.
⑦Do you enjoy reading ________________________ (奇幻小说) in your spare time？
2.absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
(教材P28)stimulating, absorbing, dramatic使人兴奋的，引人入胜的，激动人心的
an absorbing story 一个引人入胜的故事
an absorbing book 一本引人入胜的书
an absorbing film 一部引人入胜的电影
absorb vt. 吸收(液体等)；理解；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注
absorbed adj. 全神贯注的；专注的
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……；将……并入……
absorb water/light/heat 吸收水/光/热
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in 全神贯注于
The scientific discovery absorbed the physician completely.
这项科学发现把这位医师完全吸引住了。
I didn't absorb what the specialist said at the meeting.
我没有领会专家在会上说的话。
He was absorbed in his research on rice.
他专注于水稻研究。
[归纳拓展] 全神贯注于
put one's heart into focus on
concentrate on be lost in
be buried in be deep in
devote oneself to keep one's mind on
lose oneself in bury oneself in
focus/fix/concentrate one's mind/attention on
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The novel was so ________ (absorb) that Anna read it day and night.
②________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
③The detective ________ (absorb) in searching for information about the case.
④The little girl absorbed ________ (she) in a fantasy novel and she forgot her appointment with her friend.
完成句子
⑤When ________________________ (深深沉浸于) work, as the architect often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
⑥罗丝如此专注于她的工作，以至于没有听到有人敲门。
Rose ________________________ her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.
＝______________________________ her job, Rose didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.
3.contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的
(教材P28)try to figure out contradictory messages试着找出矛盾的信息
be contradictory to 与……矛盾/对立
The two witnesses gave contradictory descriptions of the accident.两个目击者对事故的描述相互矛盾。
His opinion about the incident is contradictory to mine.
他对这起事件的观点和我的相对立。
[词语积累]
contradict vt.反驳；相矛盾
contradict each other相互矛盾
contradict oneself自相矛盾
contradiction n．矛盾；不一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bob wondered whether realistic art was contradictory ________ abstract art.
②It was ridiculous that the man gave two ________ (contradict) statements.
完成句子
③我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。
The suggestions I received ________________________．
④The witnesses' statements ______________________ (互相矛盾) and the facts remain unclear.
4.submit v.呈送，提交，呈递；屈服；顺从submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submission n．屈服；呈递；提交
(教材P107)You just need to fill in and submit a registration form for a library card.
您只需填写并提交一份图书证登记表。
submit sth. (to sb.) 把……提交(给……)；呈递某物给某人
submit to 屈服于
submit oneself to 不得已接受
submit that... 建议/认为……
Head teachers yesterday submitted a claim for a 9 per cent pay rise.
校长们昨天提交了一份要求加薪9%的声明。
Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
Did you submit your plan to the headmaster
你把你的计划提交给校长了吗？
[误区警示] submit的过去式、过去分词以及现在分词分别为：
submitted, submitted, submitting
submit v．呈递；屈服；顺从→submission n．投降；提交(物)；服从
admit v．承认；接收；允许……进入→admission n．承认；入场费；准许加入；录用
permit v．允许→permission n．允许
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boss requested that all applications ________ (submit) by Monday.
②The president approved the building plans ________ (submit) last month.
③Some students have not yet submitted their essays ________ their tutors.
④He was faced with two options—death or ________ (submit).
完成句子
⑤The journalist refused to ________________________ (屈服于) threats and reported the truth of the poisoning of workers.
⑥The employer required that the salesmen and saleswomen should ____________________ (向……呈递销售计划) him by the end of this week.
5.registration n．登记，注册
(教材P107)You just need to fill in and submit a registration form for a library card.您只需填写并提交一份图书证登记表。
(1)land registration 土地登记
registration fees 注册费
registration number 注册号码
registration cards 挂号证；登记卡
(2)register n. 登记(簿)
vt.&vi. 登记；注册
register for 为……注册/登记
register as 登记为……；以……登记
register book 登记簿
register card 登记卡
register at... 在……处登记，向……报到
Where do you go to register on the first school day
开学第一天你们去哪里登记？
They had not properly registered as required by state law.
他们没有按照州法律要求进行正确的登记。
A number of people officially is registered as unemployed.不少人正式被登记为失业者。
He registered at the conference.他向大会作了报到/登记。
He registered at his local university.他在当地大学注册了。
Students living far away from home are required to register with the local doctor.
离家上学的学生须到当地医生那里注册登记。
[归纳拓展]
register in the organisation
成为某个组织的成员
vehicle registrations车辆登记
registration certificate注册证书
the registration for a course选课登记
the registration of a university大学注册
register on...在……上很容易看到
register with sb.向……登记
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If you succeed in signing up for the contest, you should pay a ________ (register) fee of 100 yuan per student.
②Have you registered ________ the English exam yet
③When you return to school from other places, you should register ________ the doctors in the school.
④I registered ________ the English language learners' club yesterday.
⑤They registered ________ the 20th national sports meeting.
6.charge
(教材P29)Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.伟大的文学只是一种包含极其丰富意义的语言。
(1)v.充电；收费；要价；控告；指责；赋予……职责(或任务)
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控/指责某人(做)某事
be charged with 被指控；被指责
charge sb. with... 赋予某人……(职责)
charge sb. money for sth. 因某事而收某人钱
The receptionist was charged with being rude to the guests.
那位接待员被指控对客人粗鲁无礼。
(2)n.[U]主管，掌管；[C，U]要价，收费；[C]指责
take charge of 掌管；负责
in charge of 掌管；照管
in the charge of sb.＝in sb.'s charge 由某人负责/掌管
free of charge 免费
Mr Zhang is in charge of our class.张老师负责我们班。
＝Our class is in the charge of Mr Zhang.
我们班由张老师负责。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The project is in ________ charge of Mr Brown, so you can contact him.
②I don't know how much they will charge ________ washing a car.
③The taxi driver was charged ________ speeding.
④________ (charge) with providing false evidence, the witness had to appear in court a second time.
完成句子
⑤In this painting, the leaves ________________________(被赋予) the meaning of life.
⑥The owner of the restaurant ________________________(因……而向我收10元钱) a drink.
⑦Little Peter got the new bike ________________________ (免费).
7.setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 set vt.以……为背景
(教材P28)Character, setting, plot, rhyme, argument, detail, structure, tone人物，背景，情节，押韵，论据，细节，结构，语气
short stories with a contemporary setting
以当代生活为背景的短篇小说
a beautiful/an ideal setting 优美的/理想的环境
the perfect setting for a picnic 野餐的绝佳去处
set sb./sth. in sth. 把……置于……中；把……置于……背景/环境中
There was a diamond in the setting.底板上有一颗钻石。
The villa has a beautiful setting overlooking the sea.
别墅的环境很美，正俯瞰着大海。
The setting was beautiful.背景很美。
The mother set her baby in the chair.母亲把婴儿放在椅子里。
[词语拓展] be set in 以……为背景
[语境助记]
The novel is set in prewar London.
这部小说以战前的伦敦为背景。
The cooker has several temperature settings．
这个电饭煲有几个温度定位档。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Does the ________ (set) make you want to visit the place
②—How many temperature ________ (set) does the electric cooker have
—Five.
③The scene ________ (set) ________ a forest surrounding a mysterious castle.
④The film is set ________ the reform of 1980s.
⑤This edition has been set ________ large type.
⑥This dictionary is set ________ Press Roman.
完成句子
⑦这部电影以一个小镇为背景，那里唯一的电影院正准备停业。
The movie ______________________ a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
8.stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的 stimulate v．刺激，促使，促进 stimulation n．刺激
(教材P28)fascinating, exciting, interesting, challenging, stimulating, absorbing, dramatic, subjective引人入胜，令人兴奋，有趣，具有挑战性，刺激性，吸引人，戏剧性，主观
a stimulating discussion of world politics
关于世界政治趣味盎然的讨论
the stimulating effects of coffee and tea
咖啡和茶的提神作用
stimulate growth 刺激增长
stimulate demand 刺激需求
stimulate the economy 刺激经济
stimulate sb. to do sth. 刺激某人做某事
stimulate one's interest in sth. 激发某人在某方面的兴趣
The economy is recovering, (which is) stimulated in part by government spending.
经济正在复苏，部分原因是受政府支出的拉动。
An interest rate increase directly stimulates saving and reduces real expenditure (支出).
利率的升高直接刺激储蓄，并减少了实际支出。
These materials are designed to stimulate students to work hard at their lessons.这些材料旨在刺激学生努力学习功课。
[词语拓展]
a lack of stimulation
缺乏刺激/激励
respond to stimulation
对激励作出回应
give sb. some stimulation
给某人一些启发
provide sb. with some stimulation
＝provide some stimulation for sb.
给某人一些启发
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The textbook is designed ________ (stimulate) pupils' interest in English learning.
②The documentary contains some visually ________ (stimulate) material.
③I found the book ________ (stimulate).
④You don't get any intellectual ________ (stimulate) in this job.
⑤The camp provide the children with plenty of ________ (stimulate).
第二版块：重点短语
1．be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
(教材P107)．..but I'm still used to holding books in my hands.……但我仍然习惯于手里拿着书。
(1)be used to doing sth.短语中的to是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，表示习惯了(做)某事/物的状态。
(2)become/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事，表示形成习惯的动作。
The assistant is used to submitting his report at the last minute, which makes his boss dissatisfied with him.这个助手习惯了在最后一刻才提交报告，这使他的老板对他不满意。
Bob finally got used to getting up early in the morning.
鲍勃终于习惯了早上早起。
Mrs Brown used to clean the house all by herself, but now she is used to using the cleaner, which is used to clean the house.布朗太太过去常常自己打扫屋子，但现在她习惯使用吸尘器，这东西是用来打扫房子的。
[词语辨析] be used to doing sth.，used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be used to doing sth.习惯做某事，to是介词，后面接动词-ing形式。
used to do sth.过去常常，曾经(而现在不再)，to后接动词原形。
be used to do sth.被用来做某事(被动语态)，to后接动词原形。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The profit from the campaign will be used ________ (build) a building for the elderly.
②Have you got used to ________ (work) with Jackson
③Helen is used to ________ (ask) to do this or that.
完成句子
④I ________________________(习惯于共用) a room with my friend.
⑤Are ________________________(你习惯与……工作) Jackson in the same office
⑥Bamboo can ________________________(被用来建造) bridges.
⑦He ________________________ (过去常常挑……的毛病) his son and thought that he was disappointing.
2.at least至少
(教材P107)Many people still like to read a real book—at least some of the time, anyway!
很多人仍然喜欢读真正的书——不管怎样，至少有一段时间！
least of all 最不……的，尤其不……的
not the least/bit＝not in the least 一点儿也不
at most 至多
The prisoner will face at least twenty years in prison and he has lost heart about his future.这个囚犯将面临至少20年的监禁，他已对未来丧失了信心。
—Are you satisfied with the result？你对这个结果满意吗？
—Not in the least. It couldn't be worse.
一点儿也不。再糟糕不过了。
You have recited at least twenty poems this winter vacation but he has only remembered at most ten.这个寒假你已至少背诵了二十首诗，而他最多只记了十首。
[误区警示]
(1)at least作状语，一般放在其强调的部分之前。
He went at least once a week.他至少一周去一次。
(2)not a bit一点儿也不，not a little并非一点儿意为“十分，非常，相当”。
如：He is not a bit tired.＝He is not tired at all.
他一点儿也不累。
He is not a little tired.＝He is very tired.他非常累。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We require the student's full flight details ________ least 4 weeks in advance.
②There is not much to attract tourists, least ________ all the weather.
③Children between the ages of three and five need at ________ (little) three hours of activities every day.
④When he told me that he would return to China, I was not ________ the least surprised.
⑤I wouldn't do anything to hurt him and least ________ all steal his money.
完成句子
⑥There were ________________________(至多) twenty students in the classroom who were reading English aloud.
⑦He spends ________________________(至少) half an hour downloading information on the Internet every day.
3.figure out弄清楚，搞明白；计算(数量或成本)
(教材P28)try to figure out contradictory messages试着找出互相矛盾的信息
figure out the reason 弄明白原因
figure out the exact figures 计算出确切的数字
figure in 包括在内；算入；出现；在……中露头角；在……中起作用
figure on 预料到；打算到；把……估计在内；指望，期望
Can you figure out how to do this？你能弄懂怎样做这件事吗？
That's a hard puzzle; I can't figure it out.
那是个难题，我计算不出来。
Does he often figure in your dream？他常常出现在你的梦中吗？
We figured in the travel expenses, but forgot the cost of meals.我们把旅行费算了进去，但忘了伙食费。
We can figure on him to join in the work.
我们可以指望他来参加这项工作。
[发散联想] “v.＋out”短语
carry out执行
die out灭绝；消失
work out解决；算出；制订出；产生结果；锻炼
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然开始；爆发
[即学即练] 完成句子
①社会学家尤其想弄清楚移动通信是如何逐步地改变了人们之间的交流方式的。
Sociologists in particular are trying to ________________________ how mobile communications are changing interactions between people steadily.
②娜奥米设法弄清楚了16首史蒂夫最喜欢的，也是最私人的歌。
Naomi managed to ________________________ 16 of Steve's favorite, and most personal songs.
③例如骑自行车，或者你可以去健身房锻炼。
Like cycling, or you could ________________________ at the gym.
④John ________________________ (在……中起作用) all our touch downs (触地得分).
⑤Do you ________________________ (打算/计划) staying long in the city？
4.a variety of各种各样的(＝varieties of) variety n．多样化，多样性 vary v．改变，变化 various adj.各种各样的
(教材P106)I read a wide variety of books.我读了种类繁多的书籍。
a great/wide/large variety of(＝various)各种各样的
a variety of activities/reasons＝various activities/reasons
各种各样的活动/理由
vary v. 改变，变化
vary with... 随……而变化
vary across... 变化遍及……
vary among... ……之间有差异
vary between... ……之间有所不同
vary from...to... 在……范围内变化
vary in... 在……方面变化/不同
vary over/with time 随着时间而变化
The danger of a heart attack varies with body weight.
心脏病发作的危险随体重而变化。
Gender roles vary across cultures.
不同文化里的性别角色各不相同。
Services offered vary among the main banks.
各大银行提供的服务不尽相同。
The doses used vary between 2 and 10 mg/kg.
用量从每千克2毫克到10毫克不等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (variety) of animals will become sharply reduced.
②A variety of his books ________ (have) been published and the variety of his writings ____________ (be) surprising.
③The rooms vary ________ size.
④The situation varies slightly ________ country ________ country.
⑤The rate of growth varies considerably ________ different industries.
⑥A study of how moral values varies ________ time.
第三版块：典型句式
1．find＋宾语＋宾补发现某人/某物……
(教材P28)I find detective stories exciting and stimulating.我觉得侦探小说既刺激又饶有趣味。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”中宾补的形式：
(1)形容词/副词/名词(短语)
I find my knowledge of the project limited.
我发现自己对这个项目的了解有限。(形容词作宾补)
When we got home, we found all the lights on.
我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。(副词作宾补)
The two brothers found Henry a penniless man.
这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。(名词短语作宾补)
(2)介词短语
He found his father in heavy debt.
他发现他的父亲负债累累。
(3)现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)或过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)
She turned around and found a man staring at her.
她转过身，发现一名男子在盯着她看。
[名师点津] “find＋宾语＋宾补”结构的动词拓展
see, hear, watch, notice, have, get, make等也可以用于该结构。
[名师点津]
find不用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语
I found him walk out of the room.(×)
我发现他走出了这个房间。
I found him walking out of the room.(√)
我发现他正在朝室外走去。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I find it hard ________ (stop)!
②My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them ________ great help in our enjoyment of television.
③But this summer I find myself ________ a loss.
④It was a hot summer day that found me ________ (run) down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.
2.This is the first time that...这是第一次……
(教材P107)Hello, this is the first time that I have come to this library.你好，这是我第一次来这个图书馆。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the first time。
It/This/That is the first/second...time (that) sb. has done sth.这/那是某人第一/第二/……次做某事。从句用现在完成时。
It/This/That was the first/second...time (that) sb. had done sth.这/那是某人第一/第二/……次做某事。从句用过去完成时。
This is the first time that he has sponsored a non-profit project.这是他第一次赞助一个非营利项目。
That was the second time that he had read a novel of this kind of theme.那是他第二次读这种题材的小说。
It is/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……以来已经有……(多长)时间了。
It was＋时间点＋when...当……的时候时间是……
It is (high/about) time that sb. did sth.某人该做某事了。(从句用一般过去时表示虚拟语气)
There was a time when...曾有一段时间……(when引导定语从句)
It is three months since you returned to the UK.
自从你回英国已经三个月了。
It was 11 p．m. when my brother came back home.
我哥哥到家时已经晚上11点了。
It is high time that we expanded our business.
到了我们扩展业务的时候了。
[学法点拨] the first time...第一次……，连词化名词词组，引导时间状语从句；
for the first time第一次，介词短语在句中作状语。
He was taking a book from the shelf the first time I met him.
＝When I met him for the first time, he was taking a book from the shelf.我第一次见到他时，他正在从书架上拿一本书。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was the first time that Shirley ________ (defeat) the famous athlete in the world.
②This is the first time we ________ (see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
③It's thirty days ________ he was dismissed from the company.
④It is high time that we ________ (take) strict measures to prevent the disease from spreading from person to person.
⑤There was a time ________ my son devoted much of his time to developing a robot.
⑥It was already 10 p．m. ________ I finished reading the absorbing novel.
⑦It is the first time that Xie Lei ________ (make) such great progress.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Now she's writing fiction which is not a ________(悬疑故事) and is a considerable departure from her previous works.
2．This trend of development is not necessarily ________ (矛盾的) to the national interest of our company.
3．Specialists claimed yesterday to have solved the ________(谜，谜团) of the birth of the Universe.
4．She has published more than 20 books, including novels, poetry and ________ (文学的) criticism.
5．Try to recite at least two English poems and pay attention to their ________(押韵词).
6．This novel is not science ________ (小说); nor is it a fantasy.
7．That's the wonder of ________(诗歌)—you're always discovering something absorbing.
8．The ________(侦探) changed his holiday dates when the case was announced to be brought forward.
9．More and more people have come to realize that the new trend of fashion is ________ (主观的).
10．The assistant wasn't sure he'd got it right, although the theory attracted him by its ________(逻辑性).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and ________ (charge) towards me.
2．This isn't the first time technology ________ (change) our manners.
3．A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as ________ (stimulate) as any high-level office work.
4．The author's intention remains as ________ (mystery) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records.
5．People need permission to be funny in social ________ (set) because there's always a risk that comes with humour.
6．As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore ________ (history) monuments and architecture.
7．You have to be ________ least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others.
8．They listened with great interest, and then enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about Harry's ________ (adventure).
9．To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from ________ (absorb) or scattering light.
10．There are four ________ (fantasy) galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone!
11．Mum asked me to find relevant information on the Internet. But the information I got was rich and varied, or even ________ (contradict).
12．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need ________ (submit) it to Smart Animals.
13．If they have problems with ________ (register), Wilson is there to assist them.
14．In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the ________ (history) environment that is created for them.
15．Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out ________ (adventure) through the books I checked out from the library.
Ⅲ.短语填空
a variety of, at least, fill in, have a passion for, in charge of, be set in, figure out, be absorbed in, be used to, take out
1．Apart from fantasy, I also ________________ theatre and the arts.
2．He ________________ knowledge so much, just like dry sand absorbs water.
3．To qualify, you must have lived in this country for ________________ three years.
4．Which of the following fantastic stories in the book OneThousandandOneNights ________________ China
5．Detailed study of poetry from ________________ countries reveals many close similarities.
6．You will be asked to ________________ a form with details of your birth and occupation.
7．I am not ________________ the department; I have two people over me.
8．It took the assistant about one month to ________________ how to start the equipment.
9．The consultant ________________ a map and indicated the quickest route to us.
10．The experienced teacher ________________ stimulating his students to study hard.
Ⅳ.汉译英(用括号内的短语)
1．按照我们的管理办法，公用电话是要有专人负责的。(in the charge of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．由于多种原因，那年冬天比他们所习惯的严寒得多。(be used to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我发现在这台笨重的机器设备周围为它拍照还挺令人兴奋。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这是我第一次看到一部如此激动人心的电影。(It was the first time that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．人体可以通过很多不同形式吸收和利用矿物质。(a variety of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 8 Literature
Part A Topic Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．小说；虚构的事 2.诗，诗歌 3.戏剧 4.(艺术、写作、音乐等的)类型，体裁 5.爱情(故事) 6.detective 7.fantasy 8.dramatic 9.mystery 10.contradictory
Ⅱ.
1．historical 2.literary 3.setting 4.registration
5．dramatic 6.contradictory 7.logical 8.stimulating stimulation 9.detective detection 10.poet poetry
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①fantasy ②fantasies ③fantastic ④meeting
⑤fantastic ⑥fantasy ⑦fantastic novels
2．①absorbing ②Absorbed ③was absorbed ④herself
⑤deeply absorbed in ⑥was so absorbed in Absorbed in
3．①to ②contradictory ③were often contradictory
④contradict each other
4．①be submitted ②submitted ③to ④submission
⑤submit to ⑥submit their sales plan to
5．①registration ②for ③with ④in ⑤at
6．①the ②for ③with ④Charged ⑤are charged with ⑥charged me ten yuan for ⑦free of charge
7．①setting ②settings ③is set in ④in ⑤in ⑥in
⑦is set in
8．①to stimulate ②stimulating ③stimulating
④stimulation ⑤stimulation
第二版块：重点短语
1．①to build ②working ③being asked ④am used to sharing ⑤you used to working with ⑥be used to build ⑦used to find fault with
2．①at ②of ③least ④in ⑤of ⑥at most ⑦at least
3．①figure out ②figure out ③work out ④figured in
⑤figure on
4．①Varieties ②have is ③in ④from to ⑤among ⑥over/with
第三版块：典型句式
1．①to stop ②a ③at ④running
2．①had defeated ②have seen ③since ④took ⑤when ⑥when ⑦has made
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．mystery 2.contradictory 3.riddle 4.literary 5.rhymes
6．fiction 7.poetry 8.detective 9.subjective 10.logic
Ⅱ.
1．答案与解析：charges and连接两个并列的动词，由beats可知charge用第三人称单数形式。句意：这声音震动了树木，雄性大猩猩拍打它的胸部，并向我猛冲过来。
2．答案与解析：has changed “This is the first time that...”是固定句型，意为“这是第一次……”，从句用现在完成时。句意：这不是第一次科技改变了我们的习俗。
3．答案与解析：stimulating 句意：例如，服务员的工作需要多任务处理、团队合作和决策，它可能就和任何高级办公室工作一样令人兴奋。as...as...“和……一样……”，两个as之间用形容词或副词原级，再根据be可知，要用形容词。
4．答案与解析：mysterious 句意：作者的意图跟他的名字一样依然神秘；他可能只是在为自己的记录做笔记。as...as...“和……一样……”，两个as之间用形容词或副词原级，再根据连系动词remain可知，要用形容词。
5．答案与解析：settings 句意：在社交场合，人们需要得到允许才能放肆，因为幽默总是伴随着风险。funny嬉皮笑脸的，放肆的；social setting社交场合，社交情境；setting背景，环境。
6．答案与解析：historical 句意：到历史悠久的托莱多、罗马的梅里达和安达卢西亚，我们将探索历史遗迹和建筑。修饰名词要用形容词。
7．答案与解析：at 句意：你至少要自信一点儿才能在别人面前自嘲。at least至少。
8．答案与解析：adventures Harry的冒险不止一次，故用名词复数。句意：他们饶有兴趣地听着，然后热情地加入到关于哈利冒险经历的盛大交谈中。
9．答案与解析：absorbing 介词from后接动词的-ing形式。句意：为了变得透明，动物需要防止身体吸收或散射光线。
10．答案与解析：fantastic 句意：这里有四个奇妙的画廊可以参观，从美术到互动玩乐，所以这里有适合每个人的东西！修饰名词，要用形容词。
11．答案与解析：contradictory 连系动词was后用形容词。句意：妈妈让我在网上找相关的信息。但我得到的信息丰富多样，甚至互相矛盾。
12．答案与解析：to submit need to do sth.“需要做某事”。句意：如果你想和读者分享你的宠物的故事，你需要投稿给《聪明的动物》。
13．答案与解析：registration 介词with后用名词。句意：如果他们在注册方面有问题，威尔逊就在那里帮助他们。
14．答案与解析：historical 用形容词修饰名词。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客会在为他们创造的历史环境中过得很愉快。
15．答案与解析：adventures 句意：故事对我来说就像空气一样，当其他孩子在打球或参加聚会时，我通过从图书馆借的书来实现冒险。由语境可知，此处要用名词复数。live out实践，身体力行。
Ⅲ.
1．have a passion for 2.is absorbed in 3.at least 4.was set in 5.a variety of 6.fill in 7.in charge of 8.figure out
9．took out 10.is used to
Ⅳ.
1．A pay phone should be in the charge of a special person according to our administration rules.
2．Due to multiple reasons, the winter was much colder than they were used to.
3．I found it quite stimulating to be around this piece of heavy equipment and take photos of it.
4．It was the first time that I had seen such a dramatic movie.
5．Minerals can be absorbed and utilized by the body in a variety of different forms.Part B Lesson 1 The Last Leaf
【学习目标】
课时词汇 常用短语 典型句式
blank, aside, stare, sail, fetch, slip, disbelief hunt for, make up one's mind, be tired of, drop off 1.现在分词(短语)作伴随状语 2．sb. has sth. to do某人有事要做 3．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．stare vi. ________________
2．blank adj. ________________
n. ________________
3．blanket n. ________________
4．backwards adv. ________________
5．curtain n. ________________
6．________________ n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动
7．________________ n. 男人；家伙
8．________________ n. 服装；衣服
9．________________ n. 胡说，废话
10．________________ n. 肺炎
Ⅱ.根据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词
1．seen adj.看见的→____________ adj.(反义词)未被看见的
2．ice n．冰→____________ adj. 极冷的，被冰覆盖的
3．side n．边，沿→____________ adv.在旁边，到旁边
4．back n．后面，背面→____________adv.往后，朝后，向后
5．belief n．信念，信条→____________ n．不信，怀疑
6．cloth n．布，布料→____________ n．衣服(复数)→____________ n．服装，衣服(总称)
7．sail vi.&vt.(乘船)航行→____________ n．水手
8．crime n．罪，罪行→____________ n．罪犯→____________ adj.犯罪的，犯法的
9．freeze v．冻结，结冰→____________(过去式)→____________(过去分词)
10．down n．绒毛→____________ adj.充满绒毛的
[词语积累]
[1] hunt for寻找；搜寻
[2] at the top of在……的顶部
[3] unseen/ n'si n/adj.未受注意的；未被看见的
[4] pneumonia/nju 'm ni /n.肺炎
[5] icy/'a si/adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的
ice n．冰
[6] stare/ste /vi.凝视，盯着看
stare at盯着看
[7] blank/bl k/adj.空白的
n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格
[8] blanket/'bl k t/n.毯子，毛毯
[9] aside/ 'sa d/adv.到旁边，在旁边
take sb./sth. aside把……拉到一边
[10] in an attempt to do sth.尝试做某事
[11] backwards/'b kw dz/
adv.往回，往前面；向后，朝后
count backwards倒着数
[12] ivy/'a vi/n.常春藤
[13] vine/va n/n.葡萄属植物；葡萄藤
[14] nonsense/'n ns ns/n.胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法)
talk nonsense胡扯
[15] make up one's mind下定决心
[16] be tired of厌烦
[17] sail/se l/vi.&vt.(乘船)航行
sailing n．航海
go sailing去航海
sailor n．海员
[18] fetch/fet /vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来
[19] long to do sth.渴望做某事
[20] slip/sl p/vi.溜走，消悄地走；滑倒
slip away溜走
[21] disbelief/ d sb 'li f/n.不信，怀疑
belief n．相信；信任
with disbelief难以置信地
[22] drop off from从……掉下来
[23] lie sick卧病
[24] what's more此外；而且
[25] mixed with...混合着……
[26] ask for要求
[27] curtain/'k tn/n.窗帘；门帘；帘子
[28] hold on坚持
hold on to抓住
[29] crime/kra m/n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动
criminal n．罪犯
[30] fellow/'fel /n.男人；家伙
[31] janitor/'d n t /n.(学校或大楼的)看门人，门房，管理员
[32] clothing/'kl /n.服装，衣服
[33]inch/ nt /n.英寸
Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for[1] apartments with north-facing windows and low rents.【1】 At the top of[2] a three-story building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.
【1】本句是复合句。句中的where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place。
In November, a cold, unseen[3] stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia[4]， arrived in Greenwich Village.【2】 Mr Pneumonia placed his icy[5] finger on Johnsy; and she lay, barely moving, in her bed staring[6] at a blank[7] wall under her blanket[8].【3】
【2】本句是复合句。句中whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词stranger。
【3】句中的barely moving和staring at...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
The doctor took Sue aside[9] and claimed, “She has one chance in—let us say, ten. And that chance is for her to want to live. Try to encourage her to think more hopeful thoughts, about the future, about living.”
Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy's room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to raise[10] Johnsy's spirits. Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards[11]： “Ten, nine, eight, seven...”
“What are you counting, dear？” asked Sue. “They're falling faster now，” replied Johnsy. “Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now it's easy. There are only five left now. Five leaves on the ivy[12]vine[13]. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn't the doctor tell you？”
“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense[14]，” quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy's mind was made up[15]. “I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of[16] waiting. I want to go sailing[17] down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.”
“Try to sleep，” said Sue. Then she went to fetch[18] her neighbour, Mr Behrman, to be a model for her drawing.【4】He was a failed painter. In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint[19]. Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip[20] away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief[21]. “Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from[22] a vine？【5】 This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick[23].【6】 Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.”
【4】本句是简单句。句中的to be...是不定式短语作目的状语。
【5】本句是复合句。主干是Are there people; think后接省略that的宾语从句，其中because引导原因状语从句。
【6】本句是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place。
Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.【7】 What's more[24], a cold rain was falling, mixed with[25] snow.【8】
【7】本句是复合句。that引导宾语从句。
【8】本句是简单句。what's more是插入语；句中的mixed with snow是过去分词短语作定语，修饰a cold rain。
The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for[26] the curtains[27] to be opened. One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on[28] in the wind and rain.【9】 “It will fall today. And I will die with it.”
【9】本句是简单句。句中的bravely holding on...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
The following day, Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened. The leaf was still there!
Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. “I've been a bad girl, Sue，” said Johnsy. “It is a crime[29] to want to die.” Then she asked for some food.
In the afternoon, the doctor visited, “Even chances，” said the doctor, “with good nursing, you'll win. And now I must see a fellow[30] downstairs, Behrman. Pneumonia, too. There is no hope for him.”
The next day, Sue came to Johnsy's bed. “I have something to tell you，” she said. “Mr Behrman died today. He was ill for only two days. The janitor[31] found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.【10】 His shoes and clothing[32] were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.【11】 And then they found a lantern, still lit, and some brushes, and—look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never moved an inch[33] when the wind blew？【12】 Ah, dear, it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”
【10】本句是简单句。句中的find sb. doing...意为“发现某人正在做……”，是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
【11】本句是复合句。where引导宾语从句。
【12】本句是复合句。why引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
格林威治村是个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。苏和约翰西的画室就在一座三层楼的顶楼。
十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见(unseen)、医生称之为“肺炎(pneumonia)”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的(icy)手指放在约翰西身上，于是她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子(blanket)，眼睛盯着(stare)一堵空(blank)墙。
医生把苏拉到一边(aside)，说：“她的病只有，这么说吧，只有一成希望，这一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去。试着鼓励她多想想有希望的事情、想想未来、想想活下去。”
苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间，开始画钢笔画，试着让约翰西打起精神。约翰西的眼睛是睁着的，但并没有看苏。相反，她望向窗外，倒(backwards)数着：“十，九，八，七……”
“你在数什么啊，亲爱的？”苏问道。“它们现在掉得更快了，三天前差不多还有一百来片。现在数起来容易了，只剩下五片了。常春藤(ivy vine)上有五片叶子。当最后一片掉下来的时候，我就要离开人世了，难道医生没有说吗？”约翰西回答说。
“哦，我从未听过这么荒谬的话(nonsense)。”苏立刻答道。但是约翰西决心已定。“我想看着最后一片叶子掉下来，我已经等腻了。我想随风而逝，就像一片可怜的、疲倦的藤叶一样。”
“试着睡一会儿吧，”苏说道。然后她去叫(fetch)邻居伯曼先生来做绘画模特。他是个失败的画手，40年来，他从未创作出他所渴望的杰作。苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样流逝。伯曼不可置信(disbelief)地喊道：“世界上竟有这种傻子，认为藤叶落掉他们就得死？约翰西小姐实在不应该躺在这里生病。总有一天我要画一幅杰作，然后我们就可以离开这里。”
伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。更糟糕的是，外面下起冰冷的雨来，雨夹着雪。
第二天早上，约翰西醒来，让打开窗帘(curtain)。藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇敢地撑着。“它今天会掉下来的，我也会和它一同死去。”
又过了一天，约翰西又让打开窗帘。叶子还在那儿！
约翰西躺了很久，看着它。“我真是一个坏姑娘，苏，不想活下去是罪恶(crime)。”约翰西说，然后她要了些吃的。
下午，医生来了，“康复的希望有五成了，只要好好护理，你会胜利的。现在我得去楼下看另一个病人，伯曼先生，也是肺炎。他没有希望了。”
再过了一天，苏来到约翰西的床前。“我有些事要告诉你。”她说，“伯曼先生今天去世了。他生病只有两天时间。昨天早晨，看门人(janitor)发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。他的鞋和衣服(clothing)都湿透了，冰凉冰凉的。他们想不出，在那凄风冷雨的夜里，他究竟是到什么地方去了。后来，他们找到了一盏还亮着的灯笼，还有几支画刷——亲爱的，看看窗外，墙上最后的那片叶子。你不觉得奇怪嘛，为什么那片叶子在风中一动不动呢？啊，亲爱的，因为那是伯曼的杰作——那天晚上最后的一片叶子掉落时，他画上去的。”
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．What happened to Johnsy in November
A．She got injured in an accident.
B．She got robbed at night.
C．She suffered from pneumonia.
D．She was cheated of all her money.
2．What did the doctor advise Sue to do
A．Encourage Johnsy to have a hope to live.
B．Take Johnsy back home.
C．Buy some flowers for Johnsy.
D．Paint leaves for Johnsy.
3．Why did Johnsy count the leaves on the ivy vine
A．To kill time.
B．To look for a hope to live.
C．To wait for her friends to come.
D．To wait for the coming of death.
4．What did Behrman do that night
A．He worked out in the cold.
B．He painted the last leaf.
C．He visited Johnsy.
D．He requested the doctor to save Johnsy.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Johnsy and Sue were both poor artists. They shared a rented apartment. In November, pneumonia struck Greenwich Village. Unfortunately, Johnsy 1.________ (affect) by pneumonia. Johnsy lay, 2.________ (bare) moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket. The doctor took Sue aside and claimed，“There is little chance 3.________ Johnsy continues to live unless she thinks more 4.________ (hope) thoughts about the future, about living.”
When Sue went into Johnsy's room, she saw her staring out the window and counting backwards. “Ten, nine, eight, seven...” Sue felt surprised and asked Johnsy what she 5.________ (do). Johnsy said that she wanted to go sailing down, down, just like the leaves. Sue asked Johnsy to sleep. Then she went 6.________ (fetch) her neighbour, Mr Behrman, to be a model for her drawing. Sue told Behrman the story about Johnsy. Hearing this, Behrman cried with 7.________ (belief). Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one leaf left. In addition, a cold rain was falling, 8.________ (mix) with snow.
The next morning, Johnsy noticed that one leaf remained on the vine. The following day, the leaf was still there. After that, Johnsy had the hope to live. However, Behrman died 9.________ pneumonia. Later, Johnsy learnt that 10.________ last leaf was painted by Behrman.
第一版块：核心单词
1．blank adj. &n．
(教材P30)．..she lay, barely moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.……她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。
(1)adj.空白的
go blank （脑子里）突然一片空白
When asked to recite the poem he hadn't prepared, the boy went blank.
当被要求背诵没有准备好的诗时，那个男孩脑子一片空白。
(2)adj.没表情的；不理解的
There was a blank look on his face.他面无表情。
(3)n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格
First, please fill in the blank and then answer the following questions.首先，请填空，然后回答下列问题。
[经典例句]
The boss gave his assistant a blank cheque and wished him good luck.老板给了他的助手一张空白支票，并祝他好运。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My mind ________ (go) blank and I couldn't figure out what to do.
②There is ________ blank expression on his face. It's obvious that he hasn't known the truth.
完成句子
③On seeing the ______________(空白试卷), his mind just ______________(突然一片空白).
④The employer stared at ____________________(那张空白支票) for at least five minutes.
⑤Please ____________________(填空) at the end of the text with a proper word or phrase.
2.aside adv.到旁边，在旁边
(教材P30)The doctor took Sue aside and claimed...医生把苏拉到一边，说……
set aside 把……放到一边；留出，储蓄
put aside 撇开；把……放在一边；撇开不理，不考虑；储存……备用；留出(一段时间)
leave aside 不理
lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用
step aside 站到一边
wave sth. aside 不理会
The assistant set aside his own business and helped the employee to deal with the problem.助理把自己的事情放在一边，帮助那位员工处理这个问题。
I put aside half an hour every day to read my favourite fiction.我每天留出半小时读我最喜欢的小说。
[经典例句]
Aside from interviewing thirty applicants, the employer was present at three meetings yesterday.除了面试三十名求职者，那位雇主昨天出席了三次会议。
Leaving aside the cost of the scheme, let us examine its benefits.
方案的费用暂且不理，咱们来审查方案的好处。
[词语积累]
aside from除了……以外(还有)；除……之外
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The room was empty aside ________ one man seated beside the fire.
②The butcher sets ________ three kilos of meat for the elderly in the nursing home every day.
③He's put ________ a sum of money for his retirement.
完成句子
④________________(把……放一边) all the clothes you don't wear and give them to charity.
⑤As a child I loved to draw. But because of my job, I ______________(搁置) drawing.
⑥________________(除……之外) a few spelling mistakes, what he wrote is more than a little satisfying.
3.stare vi.&n.凝视，盯着看，注视
(教材P30)Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards...相反，她望向窗外，倒数着……
stare at 凝视；盯着看
stare into space 若有所思地望着前方
stare into/out of/through... 向里/外/穿过……凝视
stare at me in disbelief 难以置信地看着我
stare into the darkness/distance 凝视黑夜/远方
stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人
give sb. a．..stare ……地注视着某人
It is rude to stare at people.盯着别人看是不礼貌的。
The assistant stared into space, not knowing what to do next.助理出神地凝视前方，不知道下一步该做什么。
[归纳拓展] 各种“看”：
look：是常用词，指“注意或有意识地看”。强调动作，常用短语look at, have a look at；
see：强调看的结果；
read：看报纸，看书等；
watch：聚精会神地看，观察；
stare：指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视、注视；
stare at凝视，盯着看(stare at strangers直勾勾地盯着陌生人)
glare：怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；
(glare at the enemy怒视敌人)
glance at看一眼，瞥一眼，指粗略地看一下(glance at the watch扫了一眼手表)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When the country boy visited the big city for the first time, all he could do was to stare ________ the tall buildings in wonder.
②Clare sat at her seat, staring ________ space.
辨析填空：look, see, watch, stare, glare, glance
③We can tell at a ________ that he is a reliable person.
④The woman ________ at the man after he yelled at her.
⑤The detective ________ at the person he suspected of being related to the matter for nearly a minute until he lowered his head.
⑥The boy ________ the train until it was out of sight and went back, sad and disappointed.
⑦The girl raised her head to ________ at the blackboard but ________ nothing.
4.sail vi.&vt.(乘船)航行 n．帆；乘船航行 sailor n．水手；海员；船员
(教材P31)I want to go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.我想随风而逝，就像一片可怜的、疲倦的藤叶一样。
sail for 起航前往……
set sail 起航
under sail 在航行中，扬帆航行
go sailing 去航海，去航行；进行帆船运动
sail the Atlantic 在大西洋上航行
sail around the world 环球航行
clouds sailing across the sky 飘过天空的云彩
He has sailed for New York.他已经起航前往纽约了。
The couple set sail from Qingdao last month.
这对夫妇上个月从青岛起航。
The ship is under sail in the sea.这船正在海上航行。
[词语积累]
sailor n．海员；水手
sailing n．帆船运动，驾船航行；起航时间；(船的)航班
[经典例句]
The man often goes sailing on Sunday.这男人常常在周日去进行帆船运动。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I dream of ________ (sail) around the world and leading a happy life.
②They sailed ________ London last week.
③When hearing the news that his son who went ________ (sail) was out of touch, he went blank.
完成句子
④When all the passengers were on board, the ship ________________________(起航).
⑤We have made up our minds ________________________(去航海)tomorrow. Would you like to go with us？
5.fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来
(教材P31)Then she went to fetch her neighbor, Mr Behrman, to be a model for her drawing.然后她去叫邻居伯曼先生来做绘画模特。
fetch sb. sth.＝fetch sth. for sb. 给……取……
fetch...from... 把……从……接/取来
The assistant went to fetch his boss the report to be used in the meeting in a hurry.
＝The assistant went to fetch the report to be used in the meeting for his boss in a hurry.
助手匆忙去给老板拿会议上要用的报告。
Will you please fetch the fiction from the shelf for me
请你帮我把那本小说从书架上取下来好吗？
She rose and fetched a chair from the office.
她起身去办公室搬来了一把椅子。
[词语辨析] fetch, bring, take与carry
fetch 去拿，强调一个来回
bring 带来，指把人或物从另一个地方带至说话者处
take 带去，指把人或物从说话者处带到另一个地方
carry 没有明确的方向性，但有负重的含义，意为“拿，提，扛”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I asked my son ________ (fetch) me the evening paper.
②Rose fetched my dictionary ________ me.
③Mr White had to leave his wife alone while he fetched the doctor ________ the town.
辨析填空：fetch, bring, take, carry
④The mother made up her mind to ________ her son to the dentist.
⑤Please ________ me some hot water.
⑥Wherever he goes, he ________ his mobile phone with him.
⑦Wait for me at home, and I will ________ some vegetables and fruit for you.
完成句子
⑧She's gone ________________________________________________________________________
(把孩子从学校接来).
⑨Please ________________________ (带走垃圾).
6.slip vi.&n.
(教材P31)Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves.
苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样流逝。
(1)vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒
slip away 悄悄溜走
slip into 溜进
(2)n.滑倒；小纸片；纸条
a slip of paper 一张纸条
[词语辨析] slip与slide
slip 强调由于表面平滑而突然不由自主地滑动
slide 强调滑动时一直与表面保持接触
[经典例句]
The children love sliding around the newly polished floor.
孩子们喜欢在新擦光的地板上滑来滑去。
One day, he slipped and hurt his leg.
有一天他滑倒了，腿受伤了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The days slipped ________， but I didn't finish my homework.
②Henry slipped ________ the classroom without being noticed by the teacher.
完成句子
③I do think you should adjust yourself to the new job and shouldn't ______________________ (让机会溜走).
④The librarian didn't notice a boy ________________________(溜进)the library.
辨析填空：slip, slide
⑤The children are ________ on the ice.
⑥Time ________ away before we know it.
7.disbelief n．不信，怀疑 belief n．信念；信条；信心；信任 believe v．相信；信任；认为
(教材P31)Behrman cried with disbelief.伯曼不可置信地喊道。
with disbelief 难以置信地
in disbelief 疑惑地
beyond belief 令人难以置信
Seeing the sight, Jane shouted with disbelief.
看到这个景象，简难以置信地喊了起来。
After hearing what I said, he stared at me in disbelief.
听完我说的话之后，他疑惑地盯着我。
believe in 相信；信任
It is believed that... 人们相信……
believe sb./sth. to be/have... 估计某人/物是/有……
hold the belief that... 相信……
It is believed that the disease spreads quickly from person to person.
人们认为这种疾病人传人很快。
[经典例句]
What he said is beyond belief．
他的话令人难以置信。
A look of pure disbelief crossed his face.他的脸上掠过一副完全不相信的表情。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hearing the news, Nancy cried ________ disbelief.
②Lily stared at me ________ disbelief as I told her what had happened.
③I hold the firm ________ (believe) that higher education can make your life better.
④There is a general belief ________ sitting for a long time does damage to our health.
⑤The assistant is believed ________ (be) reliable and hard-working and his boss fully trusts him.
完成句子
⑥With all these qualities, ________________________ (人们认为) that people born in the Year of the Rat are smart and good at making money.
⑦If you're ______________________(疑惑) at this point, you're reading the right article.
8.claim vt.声称，断言；索要，索取 n．声称，断言；索赔；所有权
(教材P30)The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, “She has one chance in—let us say, ten...”医生把苏拉到一边，说：“她的病只有，这么说吧，只有一成希望……”
claim that... 声称……
claim to do sth. 声称做某事
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim sb. to be/as... 声称某人是……
He claims to be an expert in English literature.
他声称自己是英国文学专家。
She claimed to have been to the Mars.
她声称自己去过火星。
He claims that he can speak French.他声称他会说法语。
It is claimed that nobody is willing to come to their help.
据说无人乐意帮助他们。
We have a claim on the house.
我们拥有这房子的所有权。
We made a claim on our insurance policy.
我们按保险单办理了索赔。
[归纳拓展]
have a claim to sth.对……有所有权
have a claim on sth.对……拥有所有权
set up a claim to提出对……的要求
lay claim to sth.声称对……的权力
put in a claim for...提出有权得到……
make a claim声称；索赔
claim sth. back要回某物
claims for compensation赔偿的要求
It is claimed that...有人声称……，据说……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He claimed himself ________ (be) an engineer.
②They claimed the child ________ their own.
③Buy the special supplies for the company and then claim ________ their cost.
④He has no claim ________ my sympathies.
⑤He made a claim ________ damages.
9.attempt v．&n．试图，尝试，努力 attempted adj.未遂的，企图的(置于名词前作定语)
(教材P30)Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy's room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to raise Johnsy's spirits.苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间，开始画钢笔画，试着让约翰西打起精神。
attempt to do 尝试/试图做……
attempt at doing sth. 企图做某事
make an/no attempt to do/at doing
尝试做……/不尝试做……
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山。
The client made no attempt to hide his anger.
这位客户毫不掩饰自己的愤怒。
The saleswoman failed in her attempt to persuade me.
那个女售货员未能说服我。
[归纳拓展]
in an attempt to do 企图/为了做……
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempted murder 谋杀未遂
attempted robbery 抢劫未遂
[经典例句]
To their surprise, he succeeded at the first attempt．令他们意外的是，他第一次尝试就成功了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He attempted ________ (fix) his computer ________ himself.
＝He made ________ attempt ________ (fix) his computer ________ his own.
②The little boy made an attempt ________ (ride) the bike.
③She succeeded ________ her attempt ________ (solve) the problem.
④It was ________ brave attempt ________ (start) your own business.
⑤The city banned plastic bags in ________ attempt ________ (help) the environment.
⑥The ________ (attempt) robbery has been solved by police.
10.crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动 criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的；刑事的
(教材P31)It is a crime to want to die.不想活下去是罪恶。
commit (a) crime 犯罪
carry out a crime 实施犯罪
fight crime 打击犯罪
His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.
他的新小说是所有犯罪小说爱好者的必读书。
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime.
这样的情况导致了拆分科技巨头的呼声。但规模本身并不是一种罪过。
[归纳拓展]
(a) serious crime 严重的罪行
(a) violent crime 暴力犯罪
the crime rate 犯罪率
the scene of the crime 犯罪现场
[典型句式]
It's a crime to do sth.
做某事是一种罪过。
a crime指“错误，过错”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was put ________ jail ________ committing ________ crime.
②It's ________ crime ________ (waste) energy.
③The ________ (crime) will be ________ prison ________ 3 years.
④He has a ________ (crime) record, so he was not admitted into the university.
⑤________ (criminal) is ________ the decrease in this area.
11.backwards adv.往回，往后面；向后；朝后
(教材P30)Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards...相反，她望向窗外，倒数着……
forward adv. (also forwards) 向前；前进
adj. 向前的；前进的
afterwards adv. 然后；后来
upwards adv. 向上；往上
downward adv. 向下地；下降地
outward adv. 向外地；在外
adj. 外面的
inward adv. 向内地；内部地
adj. 向内的；内部的
The consultant insisted on working backwards, building a house from the top downwards.
这个顾问坚持把工序倒过来，从上往下建房子。
[相关链接]
move forwards向前移动
step forward向前迈步
put forward提出
inward parts of the body内脏
inward peace内在恬静
an inward curve内弯
[经典例句]
The price continued its downward trend.价格持续其向下的趋势。
The stream flows downward to the river.小溪向下流入河流。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine ________________________ (外面和上面) into the sky.
②If you ________________________ (向后看), you look in the direction that your back is facing.
单句语法填空
③There is something wrong with his ________ (in) parts of the body.
④He put ________ (for) a suggestion at the meeting that all the class should learn from Lei Feng.
第二版块：重点短语
1．hunt for寻找；搜寻
(教材P30)．..where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents.……艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。
hunt after 追猎(某动物)；追逐(某物)
hunt down/out 搜索直至找到(某物)；查清
hunt sp. for sb./sth. 搜索某地寻找某人/某物
go hunting 去打猎
He is hunting for a proper shelf to keep all the books he has collected these years.
他正在寻找一个合适的书架来存放他这些年收集的所有的书。
They are hunting for rabbits in the woods.
他们正在树林里搜寻兔子。
Many people hunt after fame in their lives but never find it.
很多人一生追逐名望，但总是不能成功。
The police have hunted down the escaped prisoner.
警方已经追捕到了那个逃犯。
[经典例句]
I hunted out one of my old notebooks.我找出了一本旧笔记本。
She is still hunting for a new job.
她还在找新工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He has no option but to hunt ________ a well-paid job instead of one he likes to support his family.
②The hunters are hunting ________ a group of deer and want to hunt one.
③The hunting dog soon hunted ________ the hare.
完成句子
④My brother went about __________________ (寻找) a job after he graduated from college.
⑤We must ________________________________ (查清) all the facts.
2.make up one's mind下定决心；决定
(教材P31)But Johnsy's mind was made up.但是约翰西决心已定。
bear/keep...in mind 将……记在心中；考虑到……
keep one's mind on... 把注意力集中于……
be/go out of one's mind 心智失常，发疯
lose one's mind 失去理智
Have you made up your mind which route we should take
你决定好我们走哪条路线了吗？
The students made up their minds to overcome the difficulty.学生们下定决心克服那个困难。
You must always keep the reader in mind when writing a report.写报道的时候你一定要考虑读者。
The detective determined to keep his mind on hunting for the unseen evidence.
侦探决定专心寻找看不见的证据。
[名师点津]
make up one's mind后接to do或从句作宾语。mind根据其前的形容词性物主代词用单数或复数。
[学法点拨]
表示“决定；下定决心”的词汇还有：decide, determine。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He made ________ his mind to figure out the mystery of the cave.
②We have made up our ________ (mind) to look after the elderly in our neighbourhood.
③Always keep ________ mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
④Although he was very stubborn, I made up my mind ________ (persuade) him.
完成句子
⑤Have you ______________________________________(决定) whether to follow in your father's footsteps
⑥My brother ______________________________________(下定决心不待在) the United States any longer.
3.be tired of厌倦；厌烦
(教材P31)I'm tired of waiting.我已经等腻了。
get/grow tired of 对……厌烦/厌倦(表示动作)
get tired from/with 因……而疲劳(表示动作)
be tired from/with 因……而疲劳(表示状态)
be tired out 疲惫不堪
He has been tired of reciting what he is not interested in day after day.
他厌倦了日复一日地背诵他不感兴趣的东西。
The architect has been tired from designing a unique building in a short time but he is never tired of it.这位建筑师因短时间内设计一座独特的建筑而疲惫不堪，但他从未厌倦。
After a whole day's meeting in the department, he was tired out.在部门开了一整天的会，他非常疲惫。
[学法点拨]
be tired of表厌倦的状态；
get/become tired of表厌倦的动作。
I don't know about you, but I am sick and tired of this weather.我不知道你怎么样，不过我对这样的天气厌烦透了。(状态)
I get tired of (playing) this game. Let's play something else.我厌倦了(玩)这个游戏。我们玩别的吧。(动作)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The journalist was tired ________ after hunting for a scoop.
②He was tired ________ travelling here and there and made up his mind to settle down in China.
③The employer was tired ________ interviewing more than 200 applicants in a day but he was also happy that he found the one he had been looking for.
④To tell the truth, I am ________ (tire) of participating in the same kind of activities.
完成句子
⑤Let's have a rest. I ________________________ (感到累了) from studying for a long time.
⑥I must sit down and have a rest. I ________________________(累坏了).
⑦He ________________________(从不厌倦听) classical music.
4．look out向外看；小心，当心
(教材P31)Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。
look out for sb./sth. 当心……，提防……
look after 照顾，照料
look around 环顾；参观
look back 回忆，回顾
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look forward to 盼望，期待(to是介词)
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look through 浏览，快速查看
look up 抬头往上看；查阅
look up to 钦佩；尊敬
Look out! There's a car coming.当心！有车来了。
Look out of the car window—there's a deer crossing the road！看车窗外面呀——有一只鹿在横穿马路！
[学法点拨] “当心！”多种表达：
Look out！ Watch out！ Be careful！ Take care！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Watch out ________ injuries while exercising. Always stop as soon as you begin to feel any pain.
完成句子
②她不敢相信他们让我们参观了这么久，什么也没说。
She couldn't believe how long they let us ____________________ without saying anything.
③回首往事，我觉得很幸运有人愿意帮助一个陌生人。
________________________，I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger.
④使用一本词典，查那些难的单词。
Use a dictionary; ________________________ the difficult words.
5.hold on坚持；等一下；(电话用语)别挂断；抓住
(教材P31)One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain.
藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇敢地撑着。
Rain held on steadily all afternoon.
雨持续了一下午。
The telephone operator asked the caller to hold on until the connection was made.
接线员要打电话的人等候接通电话。
Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross the road.
当我们横穿马路时，你要紧紧抓住我的手。
[归纳拓展]
hold on to...抓紧，不松开
hold on to my arm抓住我的手臂
hold on until help arrives坚持直到援助到来
hold back阻止；抑制(眼泪等)
hold up延迟，阻碍；举起，抬起
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I want to give up. But Dad encouraged me ________ (hold) on.
②They are accustomed ________ (hold) back their emotions.
③The shopman held ________ his cloth for us to see.
④Last night's free way traffic held ________ rush hour traffic for two hours.
完成句子
⑤——彼得在吗？
—Is Peter there
——请稍等，我看看是否能为你找到这个侦探。
—________________________， please. I'll see if I can find the detective for you.
6.drop off落下；放……下车，中途卸(客/货)；减少；下降；打瞌睡
(教材P31)Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from a vine？世界上竟有这种傻子，认为藤叶落掉他们就得死？
drop behind 落后；落后于
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at sp. 顺便拜访某地
drop out 离开；退出
drop out of 从……退出
One of his teeth dropped off this afternoon.
今天下午，他的一颗牙掉了下来。
I can drop you off on my way home.
我回家可以顺路送你。
[经典例句]
He dropped in on some clients at Beijing when he was on business there.
他在北京出差时顺便拜访了一些客户。
When hearing the news that the straight A student dropped out of school, he shook his head with disbelief.当听到全优生退学的消息时，他难以置信地摇了摇头。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①With winter drawing near, leaves begin to drop ________ from trees.
②On the way to the company, I will drop in ________ my son's school.
③At the age of 12, Nancy had to drop ________ of school because of poverty.
④The Smiths dropped in ________ some old friends on their vacation trip to London.
⑤James dropped ________ his classmates in maths.
完成句子
⑥When hearing that the membership of his club began to ________________________(减少), he stared at his assistant with disbelief.
⑦He persuaded one of his classmates not to ____________________(辍学).
第三版块：典型句式
1．现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
(教材P30)．..she lay, barely moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.……她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。
[句式分析] 本句是简单句，barely moving和staring at...是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
My brother sat on the sofa, watching the football match attentively.我弟弟坐在沙发上，专心看足球赛。
[学法点拨] 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语，表示主语与非谓语动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，谓语动词和非谓语动词的动作往往同时发生。
The fellow stood beside the window, reading an absorbing novel.那个家伙站在窗边，读着一本引人入胜的小说。
(stand与read动作同时发生，主语the fellow与read之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Henry sat there, ________ (stare) at the book in front of him with a blank look.
②The two students came into the classroom, ________ (laugh) and talking.
③He said it angrily, ________ (point) at the notice on the wall.
④All night long Johnson lay awake, ________ (think) of the problem.
⑤________ (lift) my head, I watch the bright moonlight. ________ (lower) my head，I dream that I'm at home.
2.sb. has sth. to do某人有事要做
(教材P31)I have something to tell you...我有些事要告诉你……
[句式分析] 句中have意为“有”，不定式(短语)作定语。如果主语与不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，用不定式的主动形式；如果主语与不定式之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用不定式的被动形式。
[归纳拓展] have意为“让”时的句型：
(1)have sb./sth. doing (sth.)在肯定句中意为“让某人一直做(某事)”；在否定句中意为“不能容忍某人做某事”；sb./sth.与doing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
We won't have you dropping out of school at such a young age.
我们不会让你在这么小的年纪辍学的。
(2)have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，sb.与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
Wait a minute. I will have the receptionist show you to your room.等一会儿。我会让接待员领你去你的房间。
(3)have sth. done可以表示“使某事被做”，也可以表示遭受某种不幸的情况，sth.与done之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
The butcher had the meat cut up and sold it by weight.肉贩把肉切碎，按重量出售。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The newly-elected president had a lot of problems ________ (deal) with, so he looked worried.
②He won't have the children ________ (play) tricks on the disabled.
③The director had his assistant ________ (buy) some hot dogs for the meeting.
④I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take).
⑤The government can't have people ________ (hunt) without permission.
⑥I will pay a visit to one of my clients in Shanghai. Do you have anything ________ (take) to your son there
⑦I had my wallet ________ (steal) last Sunday when I was shopping.
⑧I won't have Yonghui ________ (get) away with cheating customers like that.
3.find＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P31)The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.
昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。
[句式分析] 句中found him lying为“find＋宾语＋doing”构成的复合结构，宾补还可以是过去分词、名词、形容词、副词或者介词短语。
Tom found himself walking in the direction of the railway station.
汤姆发觉自己在朝火车站方向走去。
When I got there, I found the door of the library locked.
当我到那里时，我发现图书馆的门锁着。
He gradually finds drama an absorbing form of performance.
他逐渐发现戏剧是一种引人入胜的表演形式。
The boy found the game puzzling and he was at a loss how to play it.
那个男孩觉得这个游戏很令人费解，他不知道如何玩儿。
[学法点拨]
若宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作宾补；若存在被动关系，则要用过去分词作宾补；若表示状态，则用形容词、副词、名词或介词短语作宾补。
[经典例句]
Mary tried several lines of work, but at last found herself as a teacher.
玛丽尝试了好几种工作，但最后发现自己适合做老师。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even if you found the surrounding area ________ (frighten), you should still keep calm.
②When the sailor came to himself, he found himself ________ (lie) on the beach.
③When Alice found the house ________ (shake), she was very frightened.
④Qiu Shan found himself ________ (surround) by several big boys.
⑤When Mr King got off the car, he found himself ________ (take) into a wood.
⑥On her way back home, she found a fellow ________ (follow) her.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If the applicant had had to give up riding, she might have taken up ________(航行) competitively.
2．Run home this moment, and ________ (去拿来) me a pair of gloves and clothing!
3．The photographer ________(滑倒) and fell on an airplane gangway as the cameras rolled.
4．The young lady stared at me in ________(怀疑)when I told her the news.
5．The salesman told us that stores spent more and more money on ________(犯罪活动) prevention every year.
6．The chemist sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an ________(未被看见的) creature had landed from mysterious district.
7．We drove at a low pace because the car could hardly get along on the ________ (被冰覆盖的) surface.
8．He tore a ________(空白的) page from his notebook and wrote down the impressive words.
9．Planes parachuted food, clothing，________ (毯子), medicine, and water into the mountainous region.
10．It is essential that we should learn the lessons and look ahead, not ________(向后).
Ⅱ.短语填空
stare at, mix up, hold on, look out, drop off, beyond belief, long for, be tired of, make up, set aside
1．He treated us as autonomous individuals who had to learn to ________________ our own minds about our future occupations.
2．Only after half a year, he ________________ working as a clerk in the company.
3．The woman fascinated with cycling waited for six hours for help because her name ________________．
4．When his classmates played games happily outside, the boy with disability had to stay in the classroom and ________________ of the window.
5．His success was ________________ since his competitor was so intelligent and experienced.
6．The boy sucked his thumb and ________________ the architect with a beautiful model building in his hand.
7．It was known to us all that he was a brave man at heart and ________________ adventure.
8．Some physicians advise ________________ a certain hour each day for worry.
9．The manager asked him to ________________ while he shared some experience on management with us.
10．He ________________ at the square and changed to a suburban bus to the next district.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．First I cut the tomatoes into pieces and put them ________．
2．His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, ________ (whisper) support.
3．I often found myself ________ (tell) my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
4．These include plants that have sensors ________ (print) onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
5．He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard ________ (sit) on the same chair in the same garden as his father's painting.
6．They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up ________ (ice) rivers.
7．What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare ________ it and wonder，“What if it isn't a door？” That is，“What if it isn't a real opportunity？”
8．The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ________ (allow) for a new generation of virtual reality.
9．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of ________ (fetch) coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch...
10．President Lincoln smiled.“Painters, sculptors—they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I'm afraid there's not much hope. What did you have ________ mind, Miss Ream A bust (半身像)？”
Ⅳ.汉译英(用括号内的短语)
1．迈克渴望为那个致力于调查此案的侦探做点什么。(long to do...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．她为陶冶情操而阅读最优秀作家的作品。(in an attempt to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．当睁开眼睛时，他发现自己穿着湿衣服坐在地板上。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．他声称那个精明的销售员骗了他一万英镑。(claim that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．实验室已被建议，不要宣布发现的成果。(hold back)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part B Lesson 1 The Last Leaf
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．凝视，盯着看 2.空白的 空白处，空格 3.毯子，毯
4．往回；向后，朝后 5.窗帘，门帘 6.crime 7.fellow
8．clothing 9.nonsense 10.pneumonia
Ⅱ.
1．unseen 2.icy 3.aside 4.backwards 5.disbelief
6．clothes clothing 7.sailor 8.criminal criminal
9．froze frozen 10.downy
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．C 2.A 3.D 4.B
Ⅲ.
1．was affected 2.barely 3.that 4.hopeful 5.was doing
6．to fetch 7.disbelief 8.mixed 9.of/from 10.the
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①went ②a ③blank test paper went blank ④the blank cheque ⑤fill in the blank
2．①from ②aside ③aside ④Put/Set aside ⑤set/put aside ⑥Aside from
3．①at ②into ③glance ④glared ⑤stared ⑥watched ⑦look saw
4．①sailing ②for ③sailing ④set sail ⑤to go sailing
5．①to fetch ②for ③from ④take ⑤fetch ⑥carries ⑦bring ⑧to fetch the kids from school ⑨take away the rubbish
6．①away ②into ③let the opportunity slip away ④slip into ⑤sliding ⑥slips
7．①with ②in ③belief ④that ⑤to be ⑥it is believed ⑦in disbelief
8．①to be ②as ③for ④on ⑤for
9．①to fix by an to fix on ②to ride ③in to solve ④a to start ⑤an to help ⑥attempted
10．①in for a ②a to waste ③criminal in for
④criminal ⑤Crime on
11．①outward and upward ②look backwards ③inward ④forward
第二版块：重点短语
1．①for ②for ③down ④hunting for ⑤hunt out
2．①up ②minds ③in ④to persuade ⑤made up your mind ⑥made up his mind not to stay in
3．①out ②of ③from ④tired ⑤feel tired ⑥am tired out ⑦is never tired of listening to
4．①for ②look around ③Looking back ④look up
5．①to hold ②to holding ③up ④up ⑤Hold on
6．①off ②at ③out ④on ⑤behind ⑥drop off ⑦drop out of school
第三版块：典型句式
1．①staring ②laughing ③pointing ④thinking ⑤Lifting Lowering
2．①to deal ②playing ③buy ④taken ⑤hunting
⑥to be taken ⑦stolen ⑧getting
3．①frightening ②lying ③shaking ④surrounded
⑤taken ⑥following
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．sailing 2.fetch 3.slipped 4.disbelief 5.crime
6．unseen 7.icy 8.blank 9.blankets 10.backwards
Ⅱ.
1．make up 2.was tired of 3.was mixed up 4.look out
5．beyond belief 6.stared at 7.longed for 8.setting aside 9.hold on 10.dropped off
Ⅲ.
1．答案与解析：aside 句意：首先我把西红柿切成块放在一边。put aside把……放到一边。
2．答案与解析：whispering His teacher与whisper之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。句意：他的老师托马斯·瓦利在他旁边，低声支持。
3．答案与解析：telling myself与tell之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。句意：我经常发觉自己告诉妈妈要开得再慢些，这样我就能看我们经过的所有路标了。
4．答案与解析：printed 句意：其中包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。sensors与print之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故要用过去分词形式。
5．答案与解析：sitting 句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊地发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。the artist Pierre Bonnard与sit之间存在主谓关系，故要用-ing形式。
6．答案与解析：icy 形容词修饰名词。句意：他们穿越白雪覆盖的山脉，沿结冰的河流向上航行数百英里。
7．答案与解析：at 句意：假如他们以后在生活中遇到比喻意义上的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样？”也就是说，“假如这不是一个真正的机会会怎样呢？”stare at盯着，凝视。
8．答案与解析：allowing 句意：6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。The speed of 6G与allow for之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式作状语。
9．答案与解析：fetching 介词of后接动名词作宾语。句意：所以如果我们派出一个机器人，只发出一条取咖啡的指令，它会有一个强烈的愿望，通过使自己的关闭键不能运转来确保成功……
10．答案与解析：in 句意：林肯总统笑了。“画家、雕塑家——他们都已尽全力把这张平凡的脸刻画得淋漓尽致，但恐怕没多少希望了。你有什么想法，雷姆小姐？一个半身像？”have...in mind心中想做……。
Ⅳ.
1．Mike longed to do something for the detective who was devoted to investigating the case.
2．She read works written by the best authors in an attempt to cultivate her mind.
3．When he opened his eyes, he found himself sitting on the floor with wet clothing on.
4．He claimed that the smart salesman had cheated him out of ￡10，000.
5．The laboratory has been advised to hold back any announcement of its findings.Part C Lesson 2 Poetry
【学习目标】
课时词汇 常用短语 典型句式
frozen, sweep, wander, continuous, stretch, wave, feature, shake, float, beneath, glance, flash fill up with, promise to do... see sb. doing...
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．sweep vt. ________________
2．downy adj. ________________
3．wander v. ________________
4．glance n. ________________
vi. ________________
5．gaze vi.&n. ________________
6．couch n. ________________
7．________________ n. 湾，海湾
8．________________ v. 延伸，绵延
9．________________ adj. 空的，未被占用的
10．________________ adj. 内心的，精神的
Ⅱ.根据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词
1．freeze v．冻结，结冰→____________(过去式)→ ____________(过去分词)→ ____________(现在分词)
2．continue v．继续→____________ adj.持续的，不间断的
3．sparkle vt.闪烁，闪耀→____________ adj.闪亮的，闪光的
4．inward adj.内心的，向内的；adv.向里→____________ adj.向外的；adv.向外
5．wave n．海浪，波涛→____________ n．微波
6．poet n．[C]诗人→____________ n．诗，诗歌(总称)→____________ n．[C]诗
第一版块：核心单词
1．frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的 freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 adv.极冷地 n．冰点 freeze v．(使)结冰；冻住；冰冻 freezer n．冷冻柜；冰柜；冷藏箱
(教材P34)Between the woods and frozen lake树林和冰湖之间
(1)freeze vt.&vi.(使)结冰；(使)(液体)凝固；冷藏；吓呆
freeze to death 冻死
freeze sth. 把……冷冻/冷藏
freeze sb./sth. to death 把某人/某物冻死
be frozen to death 被冻死
The river freezes in winter.冬天河水会结冰。
It seemed as if time had frozen.时间仿佛凝固了。
He nearly froze to death that night.那晚，他快冻死了。
On a freezing evening the old man was frozen to death with some newspapers as blankets.
在一个极为寒冷的夜晚，老人拿一些报纸当作毯子，被冻死了。
(2)freezing adj.极冷的 adv.极冷地
freezing cold 极冷
freezing point 冰点
above/below freezing 在冰点以上/以下
It is absolutely freezing outside.外面绝对冷极了。
(3)frozen adj.(过去分词) ①(河，湖等)结冰的；冷冻的；冷藏的 ②吓呆的；惊呆的
It is quite an adventure to slip on the frozen river over and over again.
在结冰的河上一次又一次地滑倒真是一场冒险。
Mary was frozen with fear.玛丽吓呆了。
[发散联想]
(1)各种“冷暖”：
cool凉爽→cold寒冷→freezing cold极冷
warm温暖→hot炎热→boiling hot酷热
(2)各种“水”
freezing water冰冷的水
frozen water结冰的水
boiling water沸腾的水
boiled water开水
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If I am busy, I will buy some ________ (freeze) food to eat.
②The meat must be stored below ________ (freeze) temperature.
③The poor saleswoman was nearly ________ (freeze) to death on a winter evening.
完成句子
④He stood rooted to the spot, ________________________ (吓呆了).
⑤Because of lack of snow and ________________________ (结冰的地面), birds are able to seek food in fields and forests for their natural food.
⑥The poor cat ________________________(冻死) in the street.
2.sweep n．&v.(swept，swept)扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走
(教材P34)The only other sound's the sweep此外只有轻风拂雪片
Of easy wind and downy flake.再也听不见其他声音。
(1)n.扫；打扫
Give the room a good sweep.好好打扫一下这个房间。
(2)vt.&vi.扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走
sweep away 扫除；刮走；冲走；消灭；彻底消除
sweep out 打扫干净；清扫干净
sweep through 席卷；顺利通过
sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep over 环视四周；涌上心头
sweep off 扫清；吹走
Jane is sweeping up the bits of paper and broken glass.
简在清扫纸屑和碎玻璃。
Some old customs should be swept away.
一些旧的习俗应该被消除。
[误区警示]
sweep的过去式和过去分词分别为：swept, swept
[经典例句]
This room needs to be well swept out．这个房间需要好好清扫干净。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He and three other assistants were left to sweep ________ after the party.
②The wind swept the leaves ________， and the road was clean.
③John thought that he would fail his qualification test again, but this time, to his own surprise, he swept ________．
完成句子
④In China, people believe fire can ________________________ (消除) bad luck, so, red means good luck.
⑤They were hired to ________________________ (打扫)after office hours.
⑥He gave the house ________________________ (彻底打扫).
⑦Uncontrollable anger ________________________ (涌上心头) Jim when he learned how employers had been treated.
3.wander vi.&vt. 徘徊，闲逛；漫步于；走神
(教材P35)I wandered lonely as a cloud...独行徐徐如浮云……
wander around 徘徊
wander from 从……离开
wander off 偏离(正道)；走失；离散
Many customers like wandering around the mall.
很多消费者喜欢在商场里闲逛。
He was found wandering the streets of New York.
有人看到他在纽约街头游荡。
[学法点拨]
wander/wonder(形近比较) wander vi.漫步
wonder v．想知道 n．奇观
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Henry ________ (wander) along the pavement when someone invited him to a big house.
②When the children left home, she was used to wandering ________ the house as if she'd lost something.
③Bob was controlling his mind not to wander ________ his work.
④The boy wandered ________ and got lost.
4.continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的
(教材P35)Continuous as the stars that shine，有如群星在银河，
And twinkle on the milky way.形影绵绵光灼灼。
a continuous flow of water/cars 汩汩流水/川流不息的车辆
continuous changes 不断地变化
the continuous rain 连绵不断的雨
continuous improvement 持续改进；进取不懈
a continuous process 一个连续的过程
The brain needs a continuous supply of blood.
大脑需要连续不断的血液供给。
The continuous work made him thoroughly exhausted.
不间断的工作使他精疲力竭。
We must be continuous to study.我们必须不断地学习。
[词语积累]
continue vt.&vi.(使)继续；接着做；继续前行
continue (to do) sth.＝continue (doing) sth.继续做……continuously adv.连续地；不断地
continued adj.持续不断的
to be continued未完待续
Mr Lee continued to work on the book during his long illness.李先生在长期患病期间继续写那本书。
After a pause, he continued his story.
停顿一下之后，他继续讲他的故事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Connolly first came to China in 1987, starting his ________ (continue) travelling throughout China.
②The second part is ________ (continue) on the next page.
③We must ________ (continuous) study to adapt to the development of times.
完成句子
④Once started, it is of course __________________ (一个连续的过程).
⑤Thanks to your help, I have ____________________ (取得了持续不断的进步)in maths, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
⑥________________________(这连绵不断的雨) is likely to ruin the crops.
⑦They've had ________________________(持续三年的增长) in production, so things must be going well.
5.stretch vi.&vt.延伸，绵延；(使)变大；(使)变松；拉长
(教材P35)They stretched in never-ending line...
它们连成一线无断续……
stretch for miles 延伸数英里
stretch out 躺下(睡觉或休息)；伸出，伸开(手、脚等)
stretch out/stretch oneself out 躺下(通常为休息或睡觉)
stretch sth. out 伸出，伸开(手、脚等)
The sea stretches as far as the horizon and beyond.
大海一直延伸到地平线以外。
My brother stretched out his arms and hugged me tightly.我哥哥伸出双臂，紧紧地拥抱我。
As always, you should stretch at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
和往常一样，每次跑步前至少要伸展十分钟，以防止受伤。
She stretched across the table for the science fiction.
她伸手到桌子那头去拿那本科幻小说。
[归纳拓展]
stretch one's legs(久坐之后)散散步；伸伸腿
stretch (one's) patience使(某人)难以忍受
stretch the truth/facts夸大事实，言过其实
[归纳拓展]
a line stretching around the block
排起来绕过街区的一列队伍
stretch to the horizon绵延到地平线
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The park is very big and ________ (stretch) for several miles.
②The moment the little girl saw the toy, she stretched ________ her hands for it.
③The forest stretches ________ hundreds of miles.
完成句子
④放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。
Fields and hills stretched out ________________________ we could see.
⑤他在沙发上躺下睡着了。
He ________________________ on the sofa and fell asleep.
6.wave n．&v.
(教材P35)The waves beside them danced... 湖波踊跃舞花乐……
(1)n.海浪，波涛；(行为、活动或感情的)一阵，风潮；挥手；招手；摆手
give sb. a wave 朝某人挥手
greet sb. with a wave 挥手和某人打招呼
radio/sound waves 无线电波/声波
(2)vi.&vt.挥动，摆动；挥手
wave sb. goodbye＝wave goodbye to sb. 与某人挥手告别
wave away 对……置之不理；不理会
wave at/to 朝……挥手
He waved goodbye to his client and set out for another destination.他向他的客户挥手告别，出发去另一个目的地。
It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.
部分原因是他的作品赶上了一股社会、政治和科学进步的浪潮。
[归纳拓展]
a huge wave一个大浪
in the waves在波浪中
a wave of...一阵，一股……(a wave of fear一阵恐惧感)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He waved ________ my offer of a cigarette.
②Marin stood at the top of the hill, ________ (wave) his arms excitedly.
③When I waved goodbye ________ my grandma, I couldn't help crying.
④The president waved ________ the crowd from the steps of the plane.
完成句子
⑤________________________(一阵恐惧) swept over him.
⑥He ________________________(朝……挥手) his grandparents and went back home to study after the Spring Festival.
⑦All the audience greeted the specialist ________________________ (挥手) at his presence.
7.feature n．特征，特色 v．给……显著位置；(电影)由……主演；是……的特色；以……为特色
(教材P34)What typical language features do you often find in poems？你常在诗歌中发现什么典型的语言特点？
(1)feature...as 由……主演……
feature in 在……方面起重要作用；在……中担任重要角色
feature in two award-winning movies
在两部获奖的影片中担任重要角色
(2)the main/important feature 主要的/重要的特征
an important feature of Van Gogh's paintings
凡高画作的一个重要特点
a common feature of many animals
许多动物的一个共同特征
The film features Liu Tao as (a patriot).
这部电影由刘涛主演(一位爱国者)。
The newspaper featured the story of murder.
这份报纸在显著位置登载了那个谋杀案。
Fast service features this restaurant.
快速服务是这家餐馆的特色。
[发散联想]
characteristic n．特点；特征 quality n．特质；品质
[经典例句]
The exhibition features the works and inventions of local innovators.
展览以当地创新者的作品和发明为特色。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Does a new job feature ________ your future plan
②This is a new film ________ features a new actress.
③His eyes are his most striking ________ (feature).
④Many examples and extra grammatical information are among the special ________ (feature) of this dictionary.
⑤The show ________ (feature) dogs of every kind.
⑥The film featured him ________ a teacher.
8.shake vi.&vt.摇动；动摇；使发抖(shake—shook—shaken) n．[C]摇动；摇晃
(教材P34)He gives his harness bells a shake...他摇了摇马具上的铃铛……
give sth. a shake 摇摇某物
shake one's hand/shake hands with sb.
与某人握手
shake one's head 摇头(表否定、不赞成)
He was so nervous that his hands were shaking.
他非常紧张，双手在发抖。
I shook her hand.＝I shook hands with her.我与她握了手。
This incident has shaken her faith in him.
这件事动摇了她对他的信心。
It took me a whole week to shake off the cold.
我这次感冒花了一个星期才好。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①When I asked him if he liked the movie, he just ________________________________ (摇摇头)。
②The news ______________________________________ (震惊全国).
③________the bottle ________________________________ (摇一摇) before drinking.
④What had happened ______________________________________________________ (动摇了我们的决心).
9.float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；飘动；飘移；(使)飘浮 n．漂浮物
(教材P35)I wandered lonely as a cloud，
我像一朵云一样孤独地徘徊，
That floats on high o'er vales and hills.
飘浮在高高的山谷和小山上。
(1)float across the sky 飘过天空
float around the town 满城流传
float down the river 顺流漂下
float from place to place 到处游荡
float on water 浮在水上
float over the city 飘过城市上空
float free/freely 自由漂浮
(2)a floating population 流动人口
a floating market 水上市场
Then, the wheels began disappearing, but the car continued to move backwards, floating just above the ground.然后，车轮开始消失，但汽车继续向后行驶，好像漂浮在地面上。
A boat was floating on the lake.一条小船漂浮在湖面上。
[易错比较] float/flow
float：漂浮，强调由于浮力作用而出现的动作。
flow：流动，不强调外力作用。
a stream flowing gently down into the valley.一条潺潺流进山谷的小溪。
[即学即练] 用float或flow的适当形式填空
①I saw a boat ________ on the river.
②The river ________ to the sea.
③Money continues ________ into the new industry.
④Time ________ away like the water in the river.
⑤The girl's voice seemed to ________ gently on the water.
10.beneath(正式用语，相当于under)prep.在……之下，在……正下方 adv.往……下面
(教材P35)Beside the lake, beneath the trees...在湖边，在树下……
beneath的用法：(1)表“(位置)在……以下”(＝under)
(2)表(地位)低于，劣于……
(3)(程度)在……以下(＝below)
sit beneath a tree 坐在树下
disappear beneath the waves 消失在波涛中
the warm sand beneath her feet 她脚下温暖的沙子
look at the river beneath 看着下面的河水
beneath the painting 在那幅画的正下方
the people beneath her 地位比她低的人
He is beneath his brother in office.他在职位上低于兄弟。
Aisa is beneath the average at school.
爱莎在学校成绩低于平均水平。
To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouthwatering.
令我惊讶的是，油炸皮下的豆腐是温暖的、柔软的、令人垂涎的。
He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath.他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空(用适当的介词填空)
①Aisa is ________ the average intellectually.
②The sun sank ________ the horizon.
③She should have done such things ________ our eyes.
④The sun is rising ________ our heads.
⑤She could see the muscles of his shoulders ________ his T-shirt.
⑥We went to sit ________ the shelter in order to escape the rain.
⑦It's a wonder that the earth lay ________ a blanket of snow.
⑧The sky ________ us became cloudy suddenly.
⑨The plane flying ________ us is a new type.
11.glance n．一瞥，很快的一看 vi.一瞥，看一眼
(教材P35)Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.我一眼就看见一万个，在轻快的舞蹈颠簸着头。
glance at 扫视；瞥一眼
glance about/around/round 环视
take/have a glance at 对……匆匆一看；瞥一眼
at first glance 乍看起来
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office.
Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。
The detective glanced at my passport and gave it back to me.侦探瞥了一眼我的通行证还给了我。
I can just have a glance at the rest of the fiction.
小说剩下的部分我粗略地看一下就可以了。
At first glance, the problem seemed easy.
乍一看，这个问题似乎很简单。
[近义词辨析]
glance at/glare at/stare at
glance at：指很快地看，浏览，强调看的时间之短暂。
glare at：表示愤怒地看，意为“怒目而视”。
stare at：表示目不转睛地看，意为“凝视，盯着看”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She glanced ________ her watch and it was 3：15 then.
②The lady was glancing ________ a magazine.
③He glanced ________ himself and found nobody.
④She took ________ glance ________ her cellphone.
＝She glanced ________ her cellphone.
完成句子
⑤They fell ________ love ________________ (他们一见钟情)。
选词填空：glare, glance, stare(注意用其适当的形式)
⑥She became angry and ________ at him.
⑦He ________ at the picture and found it fascinating.
⑧She sat on the beach, ________ at the sea.
12.flash n．闪光vi.闪耀；闪光；发出信号vt.使闪耀；发出(信号)flashing adj.闪光的
(教材P35)They flash upon that inward eye，...它们闪现在内心的眼睛上，……
(1)a flash of lightning 一道闪电
in a flash 一会儿，马上
flash cards 教学卡片；识字卡
(2)flash back 回想，倒叙，闪回
flash up 闪现
flash through one's mind 闪过某人的脑海
flash a warning at them 朝他们发出警告
[归纳拓展]
a flash in the pan短暂的成功；昙花一现
flash sb. a smile/look向某人投以一笑/一瞥
in/like a flash迅速的；突然
as quick as a flash快如闪电；飞快地；突然地
[即学即练] 完成句子
①在这儿等一等。我马上回来。
Just wait here. I'll be back ________________________．
②我迅速回想起兰斯洛特小姐给我布置任务的那一天。
Quickly, I ________________ to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task.
③一个念头闪过我的脑海：事情发生在一个寒冷的日子。
The thought ____________________ that it happened on a freezing day.
④她妈妈在她小的时候用识字卡片教她中文。
Her mother used ________________________ to teach her Chinese when she was young.
第二版块：重点短语
1．fill up with充满；(使)填满
(教材P34)To watch his woods fill up with snow.看他林中飘满的雪景。
fill (up) with 充满
fill (up) sth. with sth. 给……装满……
fill out (＝fill in) 填写(表格等)
fill in the blank 填空
fill in/out a form 填表
fill in an application form 填写申请表
fill in for sb. 临时替代某人
be filled with＝be full of 充满……
Warehouses at the frontier between the two countries fill up with sacks of rice and flour.
两国边境地区的仓库里堆满了一袋袋的大米和面粉。
She filled (up) the bottle with water.她给瓶子装满水。
My heart filled with joy when I saw the sea for the first time.第一次看到大海的时候，我的内心充满了喜悦。
[经典例句] The gym teacher was sick today, so Jack filled in for him.健身老师今天病了，因此杰克临时替代。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Before participating in the discussion, you should fill ________ a form first.
②But then her eyes started to fill ________ with tears and she began to tell her adventure.
③A child's day is filled ________ fascination, newness and wonder.
④Jack is ill today. Does anybody fill in ________ him
⑤Before starting the trip, you'd better fill up the bottle ________ boiled water.
2.promise to do...承诺做……；答应做……
(教材P34)But I have promises to keep.但是我已经有约在先。
[句式分析] 此句是have sth. to do句型，意为“有诺言要信守”或“要信守的诺言”。
(1)have sth. to do有事要做(do与sth.是逻辑动宾关系，do与主语是逻辑主谓关系。)
I have a book to read.我有本要读的书。
(book是read的逻辑宾语。read的逻辑主语是句子主语I)
I have nothing to eat in the room.房间里没有可吃的东西。
(2)promise (sb.) to do sth.答应(某人)做某事
stick to/carry out one's promise 信守/履行某人的诺言
keep/break a promise 信守/违背诺言
give promise to 向……许诺
I can't promise (anything).
我无法保证(任何事情)。(口语)
I promise you.我保证。(口语)
[拓展联想]
promise 预示
Dark clouds promise showers later.
乌云预示着稍后有阵雨。
[易混比较]
promise (sb.) to do sth.(主语)答应(某人)去做某事(主语是do的逻辑主语)
permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
(宾语sb.是do sth.的逻辑主语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They represent the promise ________ spring and a renewal of life.
②...we promised ________ (put) the money ________ her school fund.
③Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck ________ his promise!
④Did you give any promise ________ him
完成句子
⑤Every one should ________________ (信守) his promise, and mustn't ________________ (违背) it.
第三版块：典型句式
see sb. doing 看到某人正在做
(教材P34)He will not see me stopping here他将看不见我在此歇马，
To watch his woods fill up with snow.看他林中飘满的雪景。
[句式分析] see sb. doing“看到某人正在做”，现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
As a parent, I hated seeing my daughter playing her best, but still defeated.
作为父母，我不愿意看到女儿尽力踢球却仍然被打败的情景。
(此句中有see my daughter playing和see my daughter defeated两个结构。)
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too
你知道当你看到有人打哈欠，你也开始打哈欠是怎么回事吗？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I saw her ________ (put) the key ________ the lock, ________ (turn) it and ________ (open) the door.
②I saw the train ________ (come) into the station.
③He raised his head and found a boy ________ (run) on the street.
④I saw a boy ________ (run) on the road ________ (kill) by a car running behind.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She saw beauty on the farm, in the forest and even in the stars ________(闪烁) at night on her adventure.
2．The exercises are designed to ________(延伸) backwards your leg muscles.
3．He never even ________ (glance) at the political page of a daily paper.
4．The ________(活跃的) woman lives in a nursing home with 50 other retired persons.
5．She became famous through her association with the group of ________(诗人).
6．He predicted that the earth would be a ________(冷冻的) ball if it were not for the radiant heat of the sun.
7．The robot can help us ________(打扫) the floor every day, guaranteeing us to have enough time to do something else.
8．A peach has ________ (充满绒毛的) skin.
9．The curtains billowed in the ________ (微风), indicating it was a cool morning.
10．You'll need to provide ________(持续的) and organised entertainment so that children can be absorbed.
Ⅱ.短语填空
at a glance, fill up with, in a flash, sweep away, gaze at
1．________________ he remembered everything and a stimulating idea began to form in his mind.
2．The physician saw ________________ that he had caught a cold.
3．Mother told Tom to ________________ the dead leaves in the yard, and he promised to do it respectfully.
4．The applicant ran to the school with his mouth ________________ bread.
5．She ________________ him, blinking once or twice, apparently surprised at his intelligence.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．People's attention ________ (wander) constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.
2．Still, continuing ________ (challenge) yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
3．As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife ________ (wave) a sign.
4．When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, ________ (freeze) bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ice cream.
5．I hope my good news for you will sweep ________ the shadow of disease.
6．It seldom occurred to them ________ (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.
7．He ________ (gaze) at me with a sharp, penetrating look that made me fascinated.
8．A number of elderly people were regarded as likely to occupy the now ________ (vacancy) post.
9．He stared ________ (pensive) at the glass in front of him, lost in thought.
10．The sun shone on the sea and the ________ (wave) danced and sparkled.
11．Logically, ________ (stretch) exercises can help you avoid injury and improve your game.
12．About three miles away, I could see the structure where several lights were ________ (twinkle).
13．She was in ________ (continue) employment until the age of sixty-five.
14．They ________ (wander) off in the direction of the nearest bookstore to get some relevant books.
15．The clerk told us that the showroom had been emptied and ________ (sweep) clean.
Ⅳ.汉译英(用括号内的短语)
1．我们怎样才能使所有的纵列都拉伸到相同的大小？(stretch to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．这可怜的孩子在寒冷的天气里差一点被冻死。(be frozen to death)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．她去了医院，发现助理躺着，一只眼睛戴着眼罩。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．他突然想到这个周末必须向委员会提交他的计划。(flash upon)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．为了让我们注意他，那个聪明的男孩朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。(wave to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part C Lesson 2 Poetry
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．扫，打扫 2.被绒毛覆盖的 3.徘徊 4.一瞥，很快的看 一瞥，看一眼 5.凝视，盯着看；注视 6.长沙发 7.bay
8．stretch 9.vacant 10.inward
Ⅱ.
1．froze frozen freezing 2.continuous 3.sparkling
4．outward 5.microwave 6.poetry poem
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①frozen ②freezing ③frozen ④frozen with fear
⑤frozen ground ⑥was frozen to death
2．①up ②away ③through ④sweep away ⑤sweep up ⑥a thorough sweep ⑦swept over
3．①was wandering ②around ③from ④off
4．①continuous ②to be continued ③continuously
④a continuous process ⑤made continuous progress
⑥The continuous rain ⑦a continuous three-year rise
5．①stretches ②out ③for ④as far as ⑤stretched himself out
6．①away ②waving ③to ④at/to ⑤A wave of fear
⑥gave a wave to或waved at/to ⑦with a wave
7．①in ②that ③feature ④features ⑤featured ⑥as
8．①shook his head ②shook the whole nation
③Give a shake ④shook our determination
9．①floating ②flows ③flowing ④flows ⑤float
10．①below/beneath或above/over ②below/beneath
③below ④above ⑤beneath ⑥under/beneath
⑦beneath ⑧over ⑨above
11．①at ②through ③around/about/round ④a at at ⑤in at first glance ⑥glared ⑦glanced ⑧staring
12．①in a flash ②flashed back ③flashed through my mind ④flash cards
第二版块：重点短语
1．①out/in ②up ③with ④for ⑤with
2．①of ②to put into ③to ④to ⑤carry out/keep break
第三版块：典型句式
①put in turn open ②coming ③running ④running killed
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．twinkling 2.stretch 3.glanced 4.sprightly 5.poets 6.frozen 7.sweep 8.downy 9.breeze 10.continuous
Ⅱ.
1．In a flash 2.at a glance 3.sweep away 4.filled up with
5．gazed at
Ⅲ.
1．答案与解析：wanders 句意：人们的注意力总是会走神。事实上，大多数人只吸收了演讲者大约20%的信息。
2．答案与解析：to challenge/challenging 句意：尽管如此，继续在精神上挑战自己，让你的大脑保持忙碌会有所帮助。continue to do/doing sth.继续做某事。
3．答案与解析：waving my wife与wave之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词。句意：当我接近23英里时，我可以看到我妻子挥舞着一个标牌。
4．答案与解析：frozen 用形容词修饰名词bananas。句意：当与浆果或其他水果片结合时，冷冻香蕉是浓稠凉爽的水果奶昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的绝佳基料。
5．答案与解析：away 句意：我希望我给你的好消息能扫除疾病的阴影。sweep away消灭；彻底消除。
6．答案与解析：to wander It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。句意：他们很少想到去闲逛一会儿，去花些时间看看他们周围是什么。
7．gazed 8.vacant 9.pensively 10.waves 11.stretching 12.twinkling 13.continuous 14.wandered 15.swept
Ⅳ.
1．What can we do to make all columns stretch to the same size
2．The poor child was nearly frozen to death in the freezing weather.
3．She went to the hospital and found her assistant lying down with a patch over his eye.
4．It flashed upon him that he had to submit his plan to the committee this weekend.
5．In order to be noticed, that intelligent boy shouted and waved to us.Part D Lesson 3 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea
【学习目标】
课时词汇 常用短语 典型句式
violent, desperation, sink, ease, grab, preservation, strike, unconscious, bounce, evidently, polished, construction keep...up, fill with, depend on, hold onto, come across 1.so...that... 2．so...as to do 3．as if引导的从句 4．though引导的让步状语从句 5．独立主格结构
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．league n. ________________
2．sink v. ________________
3．nevertheless adv. ________________
4．strike v. ________________
n. ________________
5．drown v. ________________
6．________________ n. 鲸
7．________________ n. 武器；兵器
8．________________ v. 弹起；反弹
9．________________adj. 固体的；坚硬的
10．________________ v. 把……磨亮
Ⅱ.根据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词
1．violence n．暴力→____________ adj.强烈的，暴力的，强暴的→____________ adv.强烈地，暴力地
2．collection n．收集→____________ v．收集→____________ vt.记起，回忆起→____________ n．想起，记起
3．desperation n．绝望；拼命；不顾一切→____________adj.绝望的，拼命的→____________ adv.拼命地，绝望地
4．ease n．轻易，毫不费力→____________ adj.容易的，轻松的→____________ adv.轻易地，容易地
5．preserve v．保护，维护，保留→____________ n．维护，保护，维持，保存
6．conscious adj.有意识的→____________ adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的→____________ n．意识
7．evident adj.清楚的，显而易见的→____________ n．证据，证明→____________ adv.明显地，显然
8．construct vt.建造→____________n．建筑物；建造物；建造；建筑→____________ n．建筑者，建造者→____________ adj.建设性的
9．day n．白天；日间→____________ n．破晓，黎明
10．be v．是存在→____________ n．生物(尤指人)
[词语积累]
[1] violent/'va l nt/adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的
violently adv.猛烈地；强烈地
violence n．暴力
[2] recollection/ rek 'lek n/
n．想起，记起
recollect v．回忆；想起
[3] fall from从……掉下
[4] desperation/ desp 're n/n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；孤注一掷的
desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极度地
in desperation绝望地
[5] sink/s k/vi.&vt.下沉，沉没
[6] hold onto紧紧抓住
[7] ease/i z/n.轻易，毫不费劲
easy adj.容易的；轻易的
easily adv.容易地；轻易地
with ease容易地
at ease自在地；舒服地
[8] grab/gr b/vt.攫取，抓住
[9] as well as也；和；同
[10] nevertheless/ nev 'les/
adv.然而，不过；尽管如此
[11] no less同样
[12] keep...up使……不下沉
[13] preservation/ prez 've n/
n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存
preserve v．保护；维护
[14] depend on依靠；依赖；信赖
[15] drown/dra n/vi.&vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙
[16] respond to回应；答复
[17] for the first time第一次
[18] strike/stra k/(struck, struck)vi.&vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；n.罢工；打击
[19] chest/t est/n.胸部，胸膛
[20] unconscious/ n'k n s/adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的
conscious adj.有意识的；有知觉的
[21] wake up醒来；苏醒
[22] whale/we l/n.鲸
[23] weapon/'wep n/n.武器，兵器；凶器
[24] bounce/ba ns/vi.&vt.(使)弹起，(使)反弹
[25] be made of由……制成
[26] steel/sti l/n.钢，钢铁
[27] being/'bi /n.生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在
[28] evidently/'ev d ntli/adv.明显地，显然
evident adj.明显的；显而易见的
evidence n．证据
[29] solid/'s l d/adj.固体的；坚硬的
[30] polished/'p l t/adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的
polish vt.擦亮；修饰
[31] nothing like一点也不像
[32] construction/k n'str k n/
n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑
construct vt.建设；建造
under construction正在建设中
[33] daybreak/'de bre k/n.黎明，破晓
[34] utter/' t /vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
[35]noiselessly adv.无声地
noiseless adj.无声的
noise n．噪音
The crash was so violent[1] that I have no clear recollection[2] of falling from[3] the boat.【1】 Might I hope to be saved The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost.
【1】本句是复合句。so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。
“Help, help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation[4]. I was sinking[5]！ I couldn't breathe！“Help！”My mouth filled with water; I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea【2】； and I heard these words：“If master would be so good as to hold onto[6] my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease[7].” I grabbed[8] my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand.
【2】本句是简单句，含有“feel＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补是过去分词，表示被动。
“Is it you？” said I.
“Myself，” answered Conseil.
“That crash threw you as well as[9] me into the sea？”
“No; but, being in my master's service, I followed him.”
Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless[10]， our situation was no less[11] terrible. Near one o'clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up[12]，and our preservation[13] depended on[14] him alone. “Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him.
“Never！” replied he. “I would drown[15] first.”
“Help! Help！” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. 【3】 There was no mistake! A human voice responded to[16] ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time[17]！【4】 But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank.
【3】本句是复合句。as if引导表语从句。It seemed to sb. as if...对某人来说似乎……。
【4】本句是复合句。why引导宾语从句。
At this moment a hard body struck[18] me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest[19] collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious[20]【5】. I soon woke up[21], and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised.“Ned！” I cried.
【5】本句是复合句。三个that均引导宾语从句。
“The same, sir！” replied the Canadian.
“Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed？”
“Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. Or, more correctly speaking, on this large whale[22]. Only I soon found out why my weapon[23] had not entered its skin, but bounced[24] off.”
“Why, Ned, why？”
“Because that creature is made of[25]steel[26].” I moved myself quickly to the top of the being[27], and kicked it. It was evidently[28] a hard, solid[29] body. The black back that supported me was smooth, polished[30], nothing like[31] an animal.【6】 The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates【7】. This monster was a human construction[32].We were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the outside for an opening, a hole, but found nothing. At last this long night passed. Daybreak[33] appeared. Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. One iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered[34] an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly[35], and drew us down into their incredible machine.【8】
【6】本句是复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词The black back。
【7】本句是复合句。incredible though it may be是though引导的让步状语从句，且是一个部分倒装句。as if引导宾语从句。
【8】本句是简单句。谓语是appeared和drew。their faces covered是“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。
撞击实在是太猛烈(violent)了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我会被救起吗？夜色黑沉，我看到一大块黑东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是我们的船！我被丢下了。
“救命啊，救命啊！”我大喊着，绝望(desperation)地朝船游去。我要沉下(sink)去了！我透不过气了！“救命啊！”海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不让自己越沉越深。突然，我感觉自己被快速地拉出海面，我听见有人说：“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松(ease)很多。”我用一只手抓住(grab)忠仆康塞尔的胳膊。
“是你吗？”我问。
“正是我。”康塞尔回答。
“你也是因为刚才的撞击掉下来的？”
“不是。为了服侍先生，我就跟着下来了。”
康塞尔很冷静。不过(nevertheless)，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我，保全(preservation)我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。
“不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。
“救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎隐约听到有人回应他。没错！是有个人在回应！然后，不知道为什么我第一次想到那个奇怪的、可怕的动物！可是那人声不假！我的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又咸又苦的海水，我越来越冷。我最后一次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。
就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞(strike)了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部(chest)不胀了——我眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉(unconscious)。我很快就苏醒过来，半睁开眼睛，看到一张面孔立马就认了出来。“奈德！”我喊道。
“正是我，先生！”加拿大人答道。
“你也是撞击时坠入海里的吗？”
“是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，我落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸鱼(whale)身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什么武器(weapon)刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开(bounce)。”
“为什么呢，奈德，究竟是为什么呢？”
“因为这个生物是钢铁(steel)做的。”我迅速地爬到了它的上面，踢了一脚。显然(evidently)，这是一个坚硬(solid)、结实的物体。在我脚下黑色的背脊精光(polished)溜滑，一点也不像动物。撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音：虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用铁板做成的。这个怪物是人造(construction)的。我们正躺在一只潜水船的背上。我四处查找，试图找到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于，漫漫长夜过去了，天亮(daybreak)了。突然船内传来一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。这人怪叫一声(utter)，立刻又消失不见了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．What happened to the professor and his partners
A．Their boat crashed.
B．They got attacked by pirates.
C．They got attacked by a strange object.
D．Their boat hit a great whale.
2．Who saved “I”？
A．The God. B．A sailor.
C．A fisherman. D．Ned.
3．What was that creature made of
A．Plastic. B．Wood.
C．Steel. D．Bamboo.
4．What was this monster like as the professor found
A．It was rough.
B．It had no opening on its body.
C．It had many holes on its surface.
D．It made much noise.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The crash was so violent that I didn't recall how I fell from the boat. The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass 1.________ (disappear) in the east. It was the boat! I was lost. I cried for help, swimming towards the boat in 2.________ (desperate). I was struggling against 3.________ (draw) deeper, deeper down when someone caught me by 4.________ arm. The man was Conseil.
Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Conseil had to keep me up, and our 5.________ (preserve) depended on him alone. I asked him to leave me, but he refused. Conseil kept crying for help. Suddenly, it seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! At this moment, a hard body 6.________ (strike) me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water. Then I was 7.________ (conscious). When I woke up again, a familiar face appeared before me, 8.________ I immediately recognised.“Ned！” I cried.
Ned told us that he found a strange creature made of steel. It was 9.________ (evident) a hard, solid body. We found there was no opening on its surface. We were wondering 10.________ eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly. We were drawn into their incredible machine.
第一版块：核心单词
1．violent adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的 violence n．暴力 violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
(教材P36)The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。
(1)violent crime/behaviour 暴力犯罪/行为
a violent storm/earthquake/explosion
暴风骤雨/强烈的地震/强烈的爆炸
violent means 粗暴手段
a violent attack 猛烈的攻击
a violent quarrel 激烈的争吵
(2)do violence to 对……施暴；歪曲(事实)
take...by violence 强夺
with violence 强烈地，强有力地；用暴力
When I first came here, I was very violent.
我刚来这儿的时候脾气非常暴躁。
Sometimes the men get violent.有时这些人会变得很粗暴。
The violent winds blew big trees down.狂风刮倒了大树。
Some serious violent incidents happened in that country.
那个国家发生了一些严重的暴力事件。
[词语积累]
violently adv.激烈地，猛烈地；强烈地
violence n．暴力；极大的力量
The tears rushed violently from her eyes and she burst out crying.泪水从她的眼睛里猛烈地涌出，她突然大哭起来。
Humour is a more effective defence than violence．
幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
[经典例句]
The robber took my money by violence．
抢劫者强行夺走了我的钱。
The rude husband often does family violence to his wife.
这位粗鲁的丈夫常常对他的妻子实行家暴。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The wind was so ________ (violence) that it swept away all the leaves on the ground.
②We believe that war never settles anything. It only leads to ________ (violent).
③Frightened by the frightening scene, I was still trembling ________ (violent).
完成句子
④Because of __________________ (强烈的地震), many houses were damaged or destroyed.
⑤They attempted to take the island __________________ (用暴力), which is a daydream.
2.desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切
(教材P36)“Help, help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation.
“救命啊，救命啊！”我大喊着，绝望地朝船游去。
in desperation 绝望地
out of desperation 出于绝望
desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的；非常需要；渴望
be desperate for 极渴望……
be desperate to do sth. 极渴望做某事；不顾一切地做某事
in desperate need of 迫切需要
desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常
In desperation, Mary had to report the police.
绝望中，玛丽不得不报了警。
Pessimists say Mr Smith acted out of desperation.
悲观者们宣称，史密斯先生的行为是出于绝望。
There was a note of desperation in his voice.
听他的语气他急得要命。
[经典例句]
Time was running out and the sailors were getting desperate．
时间不多了，水手们感到绝望。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She experienced the ________ (desperate) felt by most victims of violence.
②Peter left New York ________ desperation.
③The victims were ________ (desperate) in need of food, water and shelter.
④He is desperate ________ a job so as to support his family.
⑤Out ________ desperation, the girl gave up her high school education.
完成句子
⑥When hearing the bad news, he went blank and cried __________________________(绝望地).
⑦The little boy __________________________ (极渴望有) access to education.
⑧She ______________________(极渴望) a good job with a high salary.
3.sink vi.&vt.下沉，沉没 sinking n．沉没 adj.下沉的
(教材P36)I was sinking！我要沉下去了！
(1)sink slowly 慢慢下沉
sink the ship 使船下沉
sink to the bottom of 沉到……的底部
sink behind 落到……后面
a sinking sun 落日
(2)sink 一词多义：倒下；颓然坐下(尤因疲倦或虚弱)；陷入
sink into a chair 颓然倒在椅子上
sink to the floor 倒在地板上
sink down 沉落
sink into poverty 陷入贫困中
with a sinking feeling 有一种沉沦的感觉
The ship hit against the rocks and sank.
船撞在岩石上，沉没了。
A fresh egg will sink and an old egg will float.
新鲜鸡蛋会沉下去而不新鲜的会浮在上面。
Far off to the west the sun was sinking.远处夕阳西下。
[误区警示]
(1)sink的过去式、过去分词分别是：sank/sunk, sunk
(2)sink既可以指具体的下沉，又可以指抽象的下沉。
[经典例句]
My heart began to sink in the face of the challenges coming one after another.
面对一个又一个的困难，我的心开始沉了下来。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Their boat ________ (sink). Fortunately, they were picked up by a passing ship.
②The mother, along with her two children, was rescued from the ________ (sink) boat.
③When he got the news, his heart ________.
完成句子
④At last, they ________________________(沉船) in desperation.
⑤Tom's heart __________________(开始沉下去) when he was rejected by the employer a second time.
4.ease n．轻易，毫不费劲；舒适；安逸；自在 v．减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
(教材P36)If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.
如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。
(1)with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地(作状语)
at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在(指在“轻松、舒适”的状态下，作表语或宾语补足语)
feel at ease 感到自在
look at ease 看上去心情放松
put sb. at ease 使某人放松/舒适/自在
take one's ease 休息，轻松一下
(2)ease the pain 减轻痛苦
ease one's mind 宽慰某人
Alice passed the driving test with ease.
艾丽斯很容易地通过了驾照考试。
I do think I can make continuous progress with ease if I keep on working hard like this.
我的确认为如果我继续像这样努力工作，我可以轻松地不断进步。
[词语积累]
easy adj.容易的；轻易的
easily adv.容易地；轻松地
[经典例句]
Bob was at ease when he stayed with his youngest brother.
鲍勃与他最小的弟弟在一起时，很自在。
The latest news has eased his mind．最新的消息使他放宽了心。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Now he can set his mind ________ ease because he has passed the exam ________ ease.
②In my opinion, it is not ________ (ease) for him to persuade his brother to join us.
③After singing she noticed that she could also breathe more ________ (easy).
④Of course, not all women feel ________ ease talking about childbirth with men.
⑤Nancy was so intelligent that she solved the problem ________ (easy).
⑥He can keep pace with his parents ________ ease though he is only six years old.
完成句子
⑦我们生活在一个比以往更容易获得更多信息的时代。
We live in an age when more information is available with ________ than ever before.
⑧当我听到这个令人激动的消息时，我感到很安心。
When I heard this stimulating news, I ________________________．
5.grab vt.攫取，抓住；利用，抓住(机会)；抢占 n．抓取
(教材P36)I grabbed my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand.
我用一只手抓住忠仆康塞尔的胳膊。
grab sb.'s arm＝grab sb. by the arm＝grab the arm of sb.
抓住某人的手臂
grab sb. by the collar 抓住某人的衣领
grab the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
grab sth. from sb./sth. 从……夺取某物
grab at/for sth. (试图)抓住/夺得某物
make a grab for/at sth. 抓取某物
be up for grabs 供人竟购的，可供争夺的
I managed to grab her hand.
＝I managed to 我抓到了她的手。
I grabbed the dog by the neck.
＝I grabbed我掐住了那条狗的脖子。
I grabbed his hand, but he shook me loose violently.
我抓住了他的手，但他使劲挣脱了。
[误区警示]
grab的过去式，过去分词以及现在分词分别是：
grabbed, grabbed, grabbing。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boy ________ (grab) the hands of his teacher and gave her a small gift.
②Henry grabbed me ________ the arm and asked me if I could fetch a book from the shelf for him.
③The thief grabbed the bag away ________ the woman, and disappeared at the corner.
④The job is ________ for grabs. Why don't you apply now
⑤The thief made ________ grab ________ my bag but I pushed him away.
完成句子
⑥Rose ________________________(抓住了这个好机会) to improve her Chinese.
⑦The thief could not escape, as I ________________________ (抓住了他的衣领).
6.preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存
(教材P36)Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone.康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。
preserve vt. 保护，维护，保留；保存；保养；保鲜
preserve...from (doing) sth. 保护……免受……
preserve the forest 保护森林
preserve the peace 维护和平
preserve sth. for... 为……而保存某事物
Believe it or not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.
信不信由你，中国古人在冬天有他们自己的保温方法。
The association was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.成立这个社团是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。
[归纳拓展]
preserve these traditional customs保留这些传统习俗
preserve endangered species from extinction保护濒危物种不致灭绝
[归纳拓展]
in the preserve在保护区内
the nature preserve自然保护区
be preserved well被保存得很好
well-preserved保存完好的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Some people lack the basic knowledge of ________ (preserve).
②It is her job ________ (preserve) historical and cultural artifacts.
③At minus 130 ℃， a living cell can ________ (preserve) for a thousand years.
完成句子
④It is without disbelief that it is our duty to ________________________ (保护世界和平).
7.strike v．&n.
(教材P37)At this moment a hard body struck me.就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞了我一下。
(1)vi.&vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；打动；敲；(疾病)侵袭，爆发；突然想到；突然袭击
sth. strike(s) sb.＝sb. strike(s) on sth. 某人突然想到……
It strikes sb. that...(＝It hits sb. that.../It occurs to sb. that.../It comes to one's mind that...)
某人突然想到……
strike sb. on the head 打某人的头
be struck by/on/with 被……打动
The powerful typhoon struck the town last week.
强台风上周袭击了这个城镇。
Why did you strike me on the head？你为什么打我的头？
(2)n.罢工；打击；袭击
on strike 罢工(表示状态)
go on strike 进行罢工(表示动作)
The taxi drivers are now on strike, so we will take the subway.
出租车司机正在罢工，因此我们将乘地铁。
[词语积累] striker n．罢工者；(足球的)前锋
[误区警示] strike的过去式、过去分词及现在分词分别是：struck, struck, striking。
[经典例句]
We were struck by/on/with his stories.我们被他的故事打动了。
It struck me that I could do a part-time job during this winter vacation.
我突然想起，这个寒假我可以做份兼职。
[即学即练] 写出下列句中strike的意思
①When my father came back, the clock struck twelve.________________
②Henry struck his sister on the head.________________
③The small town was struck by a strange disease.________________
④Suddenly it struck him that he had missed a good chance.________________
⑤Are you willing to participate in the strike？________________
一句多译
我突然意识到对一位女性来说在那时得到教育是多么难。
⑥Suddenly ______________________ how difficult it was for a woman to get education at that time.
⑦Suddenly ______________________ how difficult it was for a woman to get education at that time.
⑧Suddenly ______________________ how difficult it was for a woman to get education at that time.
⑨Suddenly ______________________ how difficult it was for a woman to get education at that time.
8.unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的；未意识到的 conscious adj.意识到的；有知觉的
(教材P37)．..my eyes closed, unconscious.……我眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。
(1)be unconscious of 没意识到……
be unconscious from 因……而失去知觉
find sb. unconscious 发现某人不省人事
knock/beat sb. unconscious 打得某人不省人事
(2)be conscious of/that... 意识到……
a conscious effort/decision/attempt
有意识的努力/决定/尝试
They found him lying unconscious on the floor.
他们发现他晕倒在地板上。
The brochure is full of unconscious humour.
这本小册子妙趣横生。
The villagers were unconscious of the consequences of the catastrophe.
村民们没有意识到灾难的后果。
The girl was unconscious from the high temperature.
这个女孩因高温失去了知觉。
[词语积累]
unconsciously adv.无意地；不知不觉地
unconsciousness n．昏迷；无知觉状态
conscious adj.有知觉的；意识到
be conscious of意识到……
[词语辨析] conscious与aware
conscious表示内心所意识到的感觉；aware指感官上的知觉。
[一言助记] One may be conscious of fear, but not altogether aware of the danger which is going on about him.一个人可能会心感恐惧，但并不能全然察觉到周围将会发生什么危险。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The man was lying on the icy ground, ________ (conscious).
②Dolly was conscious ________ her mistake.
③This injured soldier was unconscious ________ loss of much blood.
④Men often waste their time ________ (unconscious) .
完成句子
⑤Mrs White ____________________ (被发现昏迷不醒), not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating.
⑥The clerk ______________________(因……而不省人事) seeing such a frightening scene.
辨析填空：conscious, aware
⑦When the librarian became ________， she found herself surrounded by a group of people.
⑧Everybody should be made ________ of the risks involved.
9.bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 bouncer n．门卫，保镖
(教材P37)Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced off.
不过，我很快就明白了，为什么武器刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开。
bounce off 弹开；从……弹开
bounce back 弹回；恢复健康；振作起来；恢复元气；重整旗鼓
The ball bounced twice before it entered the basket.
球弹了两次才进了篮筐。
The ball bounced off the table.球从桌子上弹开。
He was very sad after he lost the match, but bounced back soon.他输了比赛后很伤心，但很快就振作起来了。
The light bounced off the river and dazzled her.
河面上银波粼粼，令她目眩。
[归纳拓展]
bounce high弹得高
bounce against...对……跳
bounce around (...)在……周围跳动
[归纳拓展]
bounce down (...)沿着……跳
bounce on...在……上跳
bounce towards...朝着……跳
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Drops of water either sit on the surface of the leaves or bounce ________．
②He is young enough to bounce ________ from this disappointment.
完成句子
③He was unconscious from falling down on the icy ground, but ________________________ (恢复过来) soon afterwards.
④The ball __________________________________________(弹开) the post and into the goal.
10.evidently adv.明显地，显然 evident adj.显然的，显而易见的
evidence n．根据，证明，证据
(教材P37)It was evidently a hard, solid body.显然，这是一个坚硬、结实的物体。
have evidence 有证据
find evidence 找到证据
good/clear/strong/hard evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的/确凿的证据
medical/scientific evidence 医学/科学证据
It is evident that... 显然……
Evidently, the ship is sinking so he yelled at the persons on board to look out.
显然，船要沉没了，所以他对船上的人大喊，让他们小心。
She was evidently upset by what she saw.
她显然对所见到的事情感到不快。
[教师提醒] evidence后常跟that引导的同位语从句。
There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。
The lawyer asked them to keep the evidence in case.律师要求他们保留证据以防万一。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (evident), the position they advertised on the Internet has attracted many applicants.
②________ is evident that security of the preservation of the company property is of great importance.
③The newly-found ________ (evident) brought hope to the lawyer.
④She walked slowly down the road, ________ (evident) in pain.
⑤There is clear evidence ________ smoking resulted in heart disease.
⑥“That is only evidence ________ traditions once existed，” he said.
11.polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的
(教材P37)The black back that supported me was smooth, polished, nothing like an animal.
在我脚下黑色的背脊精光溜滑，一点也不像动物。
the polished shoes 铮亮的鞋子
the polished chair 精致的椅子
a polished performance 精湛的演出
Polish shoes regularly to protect the leather.
要经常擦鞋，以保护皮革。
My composition was carefully polished and checked before being handed in.我的作文是经过仔细润色和检查后才上交的。
[词语积累]
polish vt.磨光，擦亮；修改，润色 n．光泽(剂)；上光蜡，亮漆
polish up提高(技能)；改善(外表等)；擦亮，擦光
polish off...吃完；干完 polish off sb.击倒某人
apply polish涂上光泽剂 give a polish擦一擦
spoil the polish毁坏光泽
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Wearing a pair of ________ (polish) shoes, Nick looked quite proud.
②The company needs to polish ________ its image to make a bigger profit.
③I'm going to New York, so I must polish ________ my English.
完成句子
④The report may also take a copy to the native speaker ________________________(对风格进行润色).
⑤The boxer ________________________ (击倒) his opponent with a violent blow.
12.construction n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑
(教材P37)This monster was a human construction.这个怪物是人造的。
under construction(＝being constructed) 在建设中(表示被动含义)
the construction of an airport 机场的建造
the road construction 道路修建
the construction industry 建筑业
a modern construction 一幢现代建筑
Work has begun on the construction of the new airport.
新机场的修建已经开工。
The building the local government sponsors for the elderly is under construction.
当地政府资助的养老院正在建设中。
construct vt. 建造；修筑；组成
constructor n. 建造者；制造者；建造商
The workers spent less than five years constructing Beijing Daxing International Airport.
工人们花了不到五年的时间建造了北京大兴国际机场。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The local government raised large sums for highway ________ (construct).
②The new library is ________ construction at present.
③The ________ (construct) has agreed to reduce the price of the apartment.
完成句子
④Be patient. The programme is ________________________(在讨论中).
⑤Aside from the three teaching buildings, our library is ____________________ (在建设中) at the same time.
⑥The proposal he put forward that we should take effective measures to improve the management of the department is ________________________(在考虑中).
13.recollection n．想起，记起；记忆力，回忆；回忆的事物 collection n．收藏品，收集物 collect v．收集；收藏 recollect vt.想起，回忆起
(教材P36)The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。
have a recollection of 记得
have no recollection of 记不起
to the best of my recollection 如果我没记错的话
within one's recollection 在某人的记忆中
recollect one's childhood/sb.'s name 回忆起童年时代/某人的名字
recollect sth./doing sth. 回忆起某事/做某事
as far as I can recollect 就我记忆所及/据我回忆
She has no recollection of how much money she paid for that telescope.
她不记得买那个望远镜花了多少钱。
He had a vague recollection that that story was absorbing.
他依稀记得那个故事很吸引人。
Applicants shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
申请人必须留在座位上，等所有试卷收好以后方可离去。
The purpose of the occasion was to collect money for medical supplies.
那次活动的目的是筹集资金买医药用品。
[词语拓展]
a stamp collection一批邮票收藏品
a private art collection私人艺术收藏品
my record collection我的唱片收藏
a collection of vases一批花瓶收藏品
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My ________ (recollect) of events differs ________ hers.
②I have no recollection ________ what happened that day.
③He has amazing powers ________ recollection and can recollect all the things that happened in the past.
④The old letters brought back many happy ________ (recollect).
⑤Such a problem has never arisen ________ my recollection.
⑥As far as I can ________ (recollection), he wasn't there at that time.
完成句子
⑦He likes ________________________________ (集邮).
14.breathe v．呼吸 breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
(教材P36)I couldn't breathe！我透不过气了！
(1)breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe in 吸气；吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气；呼出(气体)
breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
(2)take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
He's still breathing! Let's send him to hospital hurriedly.
他还活着！我们快点把他送去医院。
[经典例句]
The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out slowly.医生叫我吸气，然后慢慢呼出。
It's good to breathe (in) fresh country air instead of city smoke.
呼吸乡间的新鲜空气而不吸入城市的烟尘是有益的。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我们吸入的空气越来越脏。
The air we ______________________ is getting dirtier and dirtier.
②到17英里时，我喘不过气来，曾经受伤的脚踝非常疼。
By mile 17, I became __________________________ and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
③内科医生给我听胸部时，叫我吸气。
The physician made me ______________________________ while he listened to my chest.
④How long can you ________________________ (屏住呼吸) for
⑤His heart condition makes him ______________________ (喘不上气来).
15.struggle n．&v.斗争，拼搏
(教材P36)I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down.我挣扎着不让自己越沉越深。
a struggle
a struggle for survival 为生存而奋斗
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle for sth. 努力争取某物
struggle with/against... 同……搏斗
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle with illness 与疾病斗争
struggle for rights/justice/equality
为权利/正义/平等而斗争
India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.
印度经过了长期的斗争之后，在1947年赢得了独立。
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.我们都经历过这样的情况：在电梯里，在银行排队，或者在飞机上，周围都是像我们一样全神贯注于智能手机的人，或者更糟糕的，在令人不安的沉默中挣扎。(who引导的定语从句)
[知识链接]
compete fightbe
[经典例句]
Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.罗宾逊认为，这可能是因为父母自己也努力去理解这些任务。(because引导的从句在此处作表语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There were the sounds ________ a desperate struggle.
②The group supported the armed struggle ________ the dictator (独裁者).
③One of the guards was hurt ________ the struggle ________ the robbers.
④She struggled ________ her ________ (foot) and set off after him.
⑤For years, she struggled ________ (make) ends meet.
⑥He was hit ________ the mouth as he struggled ________ the raiders (抢劫者).
⑦They struggled ________ the hill.
16.respond vi.回答；响应；作出反应 response n．回答；答复
(教材P36)A human voice responded to ours！是有个人在回应！
respond to 对……作出回应
respond to
She asked where he had been, but he didn't respond.
她问他去哪儿了，但他不回答。
He responded to my letter with a phone call.
他用打电话的形式对我的书信作了回复。
He responded to my volley with a backhand (in tennis).
他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来。
The patient did not respond to treatment.
病人经治疗后没有起色。
[用法拓展]
receive a response from sb. to sth.收到某人对某事的答复
make no response to sth.对……没有作出回答/回复
give/make a response to sth.对……给予答复
in response to...＝in answer to...作为对……的回应/对……作出反应
[教师提醒]
respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的。而answer后直接接宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The woman conductor kindly responded ________ my question.
②I offered him a drink but he didn't respond ________ my offer.
③The disease quickly responded ________ the treatment.
④She made no ________ (respond) ________ my letter.
⑤There has been no ________ (respond) ________ our call ________ help.
⑥They laughed ________ response ________ his funny story.
17.strength n．强项；长处；力量 strengthen v．加强；变强壮；巩固
(教材P36)I had almost no strength left.
我的力气已经消耗殆尽。
your own strengths and weaknesses 你自己的长处和短处
build up one's strength 增加体力
with all one's strength 用尽全力
have/find the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力量
Without the strength of the family, there is no business.
没有家庭的力量就没有生意。
I raised the big stone with all my strength.
我用了全部力气举起了那块大石头。
When hunting for a job, you should show your strengths and avoid your weaknesses.
找工作时，你应展现你的长处，规避你的弱点。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.
完成句子
②他用尽全力把那架巨大的钢琴搬到隔壁房间去。
________________________，he removed the large piano to the next room.
③她没有力气跑完马拉松。
She didn't ________________________ finish the marathon.
18．drown vi.&vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙 drowning adj.溺水的，遇溺的 drowned adj.淹死的
(教材P36)“Never！” replied he. “I would drown first.”
“不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。
drown oneself 投水自杀；沉浸于
drown oneself in sth. 致力于某事，忙于某事
drown one's troubles in drink 借酒浇愁
drown one's sorrows in drink 借酒浇愁
drown...out 淹没(声音)
drown sb. out (洪水)使某人无家可归
the drowning man 快要淹死的人
the drowned man 已经淹死的人
A child can drown in only a few inches of water.
儿童在只有几英寸深的水中就可能溺亡。
Two dogs drowned after falling into the river.
两只狗掉进河里淹死了。
[经典例句]
She pulled the drowning man from the water and gave him first aid.
她把那个溺水的男子从水中拉上来，并给他进行了急救。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①多年来，他一直致力于英国文学作品的研究。
For years he has __________________ the study of English literary works.
单句语法填空
②The boy fell into the river and ________ (drown) to death last night.
③The loud cheers drowned ________ his shouts.
④Many families ________ (drown) out when the river burst its banks.
⑤She drown ________ (her) in the river.
⑥The ship sank within minutes, ________ (drown) all the passengers ________ board.
第二版块：重点短语
1．keep...up使……不下沉
(教材P36)Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone.
康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。
keep up(使)不倒下；(使)不下沉；坚持；维持；保留(传统等)
The soldier tried his best to keep the drowning girl up.
这位士兵尽他最大努力使这个溺水女孩不下沉。
After a long hike, they settled in a small town, which still kept up the ancient Roman customs.长时间远足之后，他们在一座小镇定居下来，镇里仍然沿袭着古罗马的风俗。
[归纳拓展]
keep keep
I managed to stick to the diet and keep off sweet foods.我努力做到了只吃规定饮食，不吃甜食。
The journalist couldn't keep back his disappointment when the chance of getting the scoop slipped away.当获得独家新闻的机会溜走时，这位记者抑制不住自己的失望。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When in trouble, you should keep ________ your courage.
②Keep ________ trying, and you'll succeed.
③Anna was unable to keep ________ her tears, and wept freely.
④You're walking too fast. I can't keep up ________ you.
⑤Keep the children ________. It's dangerous here!
⑥All the parents should guarantee that they should keep their children ________ of the grass.
⑦An apple a day keeps the doctor ________.
2.fill with用……装满 be filled with充满着，装满
(教材P36)My mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water.我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又咸又苦的海水。
fill with... 装满……
fill...with... “用……装满……”，强调动作。
be full of “充满着，装满”，强调状态
fill in/out 填写(表格等)
The boy's eyes ware filled with tears.男孩眼泪汪汪。
She filled the bottle with water.她给瓶子装满水。
Please fill in/out the application form if you want to get the job.
如果你想得到这份工作，请填写这张申请表。
[学法点拨]
fill...with...的被动形式为be filled with
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①For many, finding an unattended wallet ________ (fill) with ￡400 in cash would be a source of temptation.
②Fast food is full ________ fat and salt.
③He seemed to fill the room ________ his ________ (present).
3.come across (偶然)遇见；碰见 同义：run into; meet by chance
I perhaps come across him tomorrow.
我明天也许会偶然遇到他。
come across an old friend 碰到了一位老朋友
come across this book in an old bookstore
在一家旧书店里发现了这本书
Where did you come across the book It's very useful.
你在哪里发现的这本书？它很有用处。
In the park, I came across an old woman who was called Grandma Liu.在公园我遇到了一位被称为刘奶奶的老妇。
[词义拓展]
come about发生，常与how连用
come out出现；开花；出版或发表；透露
come to谈到；涉及；等到；苏醒
come up with提出，想出
He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting.
他在会上提出了一个好的建议。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①你能告诉我你昨天晚上遇到什么吗？
Can you tell me what you ________________________ yesterday evening
②我们很高兴在他离开十年后，我们在这家不错的饭店第一次相遇。
We were delighted to ________________________ each other in the decent restaurant for the first time after he left ten years ago.
③How did the accident ________________________ (发生) then
④After about an hour, the man ________________________ (活过来) his life in hospital.
4.depend on/upon 取决于；依靠；依赖
(教材P36)Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone.
康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人获得某物
depend on sb. to do sth./doing sth. 指望某人做某事
The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.
所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。
How much it costs depends on how much you buy.
价钱取决于你买多少。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You should always depend ________ yourself rather ________ someone else.
②You can depend ________ him ________ any situation.
完成句子
③Prices ________________________ (取决于) supply and demand.
④—Are you going to the party
—I don't know. ________________ (看情况吧).
5.hold onto 紧紧抓住……
(教材P36)If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。
hold back 阻止，阻挡；抑制，控制(感情等)；隐瞒
hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold on to 紧紧抓住
hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持
The police held back the crowd.
警察挡住了人群。
If they had not held him back, he would have beaten you black and blue.
如果他们不阻挡住他，他已经把你打得遍体鳞伤了。
My child holds on to my hand tightly while we cross the street.横穿马路时，孩子紧紧抓住我的手不放。
Seeing her son again after two years' absence, Mother held out her arms to embrace him.
离家两年再见到儿子时，母亲张开双臂拥抱他。
Hold up your right hand.把右手举起来。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①No one can ________________________ (阻挡) the wheel of history.
②Jim was able to ________________________ (抑制/控制) his anger and avoid a fight.
③________________________ (等会儿)! I'd like some of that apple-pie too, you know!
④You should ________________________ (握紧) your oil shares and don't sell them out!
⑤我很想伸手去拿那个玩具玩，但幸好被商店的橱窗挡住了。
I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was ________________________ thankfully by the shop window.
⑥为了证明这一点，她举起一根筷子，代表一个人。
To show this, she ________________________ one chopstick representing one person.
第三版块：典型句式
1．so...that... 如此……以至于……
(教材P36)The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，so...that...引导结果状语从句。
The film is so impressive that I'd like to see it a second time.这部电影太打动人心了，我想再看一遍。
[归纳拓展] so＋＋that...
My mother is so stubborn that I can never persuade her to give in.我的母亲很固执，我从来不能说服她让步。
We had so little time that we couldn't finish the work on schedule.
我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。
[学法点拨]
such＋＋that...
[易混比较] so＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＝such＋a(n)＋形容词＋可数名词单数
so reliable a person＝such a reliable person如此值得信任的一个人
[经典例句]
She bought such beautiful curtains that the room looks more beautiful.她买了这么漂亮的窗帘，房间看起来更漂亮了。
It is such nice weather that more and more people are wandering in the garden.天气这么好，越来越多的人在花园里闲逛。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①At one point we were so high ________ we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
②The poet was ________ upset that he wandered around the lake for a long time and wrote a famous poem.
③The vases the skilled workers made are so polished ________ they attract more and more customers.
④She is ________ an intelligent girl that she can deal with such kind of problems well.
⑤It is such useful information ________ the lawyer sighed with relief.
⑥You can't imagine that ________ little birds can eat ________ many insects in ________ a short time.
完成句子
⑦It was ________________________ (如此吵闹以至于) we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
⑧He ________________________ (跑得如此快以至于) nobody could catch up with him.
⑨It was ________________________ (如此热的一天) that nobody could focus their attention on work.
⑩It is ________________________(如此阴的天气) that I feel a little blue.
2.so...as to do... 如此……以至于……
(教材P36)If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。
[句式分析] 句中的so...as to do...意为“如此……以至于……”，作状语表示结果。so修饰形容词或副词。
Martin was so good as to help me solve the tricky problem.
马丁如此好，帮我解决了那个棘手的问题。
Will you be so kind as to help the elderly in our neighbourhood to do a cleaning with me today？你能好心今天和我一起帮我们小区的老人做大扫除吗？
[归纳拓展]
(1)表示结果的句型：
so that 因此；所以
so...that.../such...that... 如此……以至于……
(2)表示目的的用法：
in order to/so as to...
in order to可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是in order not to。
so as to不放在句首，否定形式是so as not to。
in order that/so that可引导目的状语从句，从句中常含有can, may, could, might等情态动词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mr Smith was so generous ________ to give away many medical masks, protective suits to the hospitals.
②Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so as ________ (stay) home and raise her family.
③She tried to slide into the room so as not ________ (see) by other people.
句型转换
④In order to see it clearly, he put on his glasses.
＝He put on his glasses ________________________．
⑤The suit he wore was so decent as to earn him respect at the party.
＝The suit he wore was ________________________ it earned him respect at the party.
＝The suit he wore was decent ________________________ it earned him respect at the party.
3.as if引导的从句
(教材P36)It seemed to me as if a cry answered him.我似乎隐约听到有人回应他。
[句式分析] 句中的“It seemed to sb. as if...”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说似乎……”
句中的as if＝as though，意为“好像；似乎”。引导表语从句时，常跟在look, seem, taste, smell, sound等词后。它引导的从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，用陈述语气。若用虚拟语气，as if从句中的谓语如下表所示：
与现在事实不符 过去式(be动词常用were)
与过去事实不符 had＋过去分词
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should＋动词原形
Black clouds are dissipating. It seems as if it is going to be a fine day.乌云正在消散，看起来似乎要晴天了。(陈述语气)
Professor Yang continued to speak as if nothing had happened.杨教授继续发言，好像什么也没发生一样。(虚拟语气，与过去事实相反)
It seemed as if the world were at an end！似乎到了世界末日！(虚拟语气，与现在事实相反)
He talked so confidently as if he could fly to the moon tomorrow.他说得那么自信，好像他明天就能飞到月球上去似的。(虚拟语气，与将来事实相反)
[误区警示] as if/though引导的从句有时可用省略形式as if/though＋to do/doing。
She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.
她站在门口，好像在等人。
He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴，好像要说什么。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she ________ (be) their own mother.
②Susan was walking up and down on the playground as if ________ (search) for something.
③Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________ (do) something very clever.
完成句子
④He described the characters in the novel ________________________ (好像他见过他们) face to face.
⑤He talks about Rome as if he ________________________(去过) there before.
⑥Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked ________________________(好像他们是亲密的朋友).
⑦Eliza记得一切，就像昨天发生的一样。
Eliza remembers everything ________________________．
⑧他似乎非常匆忙。
________________________ he is in a terrible hurry.
4.though引导的让步状语从句
(教材P37)．..incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates.
……虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用铁板做成的。
[句式分析] 本句是复合句。incredible though it may be是让步状语从句，用了倒装语序。此类倒装句中，常将从句中的表语、状语甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。
Difficult though the task is, we'll try our best to complete it in time.
虽然这项任务很困难，但我们会尽最大努力按时完成。
Much though I liked the car, I couldn't afford it.
虽然我很喜欢这辆车，但我买不起它。
Try though he might, he didn't catch up with our monitor.
虽然他可能尽力了，但他没赶上我们的班长。
[误区警示]
(1)引导让步状语从句时，as须用倒装句；though可用倒装句，也可不用；although不用倒装句。
(2)当表语为可数名词单数时，放在句首，其前不加冠词。
Scientist as he is, he is very humorous.虽然他是一名科学家，但他很幽默。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Strange ________ it might seem, he remained silent all through the meeting.
②________ it is raining heavily, they are still working in the field.
完成句子
③________________________ (虽然她很累)，she still read bedtime stories for her children.(用倒装语序)
④________________________(虽然亨利可能尽力了), he didn't pass the examination.(用倒装语序)
选词填空(as/though/although)
⑤Young ________ the journalist is, he has a good nose for news.
⑥________ he is disabled, he never loses heart and has made up his mind to earn his own living.
⑦Child ________ he is, he can dance aside from singing.
5.独立主格结构
(教材P37)Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine.过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。
[句式分析] 本句是简单句。主干为：eight strong men appeared and drew...。句中的their faces covered是“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，their faces与cover之间是被动关系。
构成 名词/代词＋
功能 在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等
注意 (1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同 (2)
The boy left, his eyes filled with tears.
那个男孩离开了，眼里充满了泪水。
The journalist rushed into the office, some photos in hand.
这位记者手里拿着几张照片冲进了办公室。
The storm (being) over, everything was in peace again.
暴风雨过去了，一切又恢复了平静。
We'll set off tomorrow, weather permitting.
天气允许的话，我们明天动身。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ (have) a lifespan of around 20 years.
②Weather ________ (permit), the construction will be completed at the end of this week.
③Many things ________ (settle), the manager looks worried.
④All the homework ________ (do), you can have a rest.
⑤Nobody ________ (feel) content with the advertising budget, it was cut.
⑥There ________ (be) no bus, we had to walk home.
⑦He was working quietly, all his attention ________ (focus) on the task.
⑧Everything ________ (take) into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________ (不过), I still want to try such a challenging but absorbing task.
2．The department was set up to ________(保护) endangered species from extinction.
3．It was announced that dolphins sometimes could be likely to save ________ (溺水的) swimmers.
4．The central issue in the ________(罢工) was the preservation of jobs.
5．I thought he was very attractive and ________(明显地) very intelligent.
6．When potassium is added to water, a ________(强烈的) chemical reaction takes place.
7．She had no ________(想起，记起) of sending the emails until she received the response from the employer.
8．In ________ (绝望), he ran to the city and went straight to the courthouse to report the robbery to the administration.
9．Multiple types of boats were pressed into service to rescue passengers from the ________ (下沉) ferry.
10．This is my big chance and it is essential to ________(抓住) it with both hands.
Ⅱ.短语填空
at ease, in desperation, depend on, respond to, be made of, come across, under construction, be conscious of, hold back, out of breath
1．When he ran at a high pace and finally got on the train, he was ________________．
2．________________， the husband took out a five-dollar bill and waved it above the crowd.
3．The salesman ________________ the fact that he must increase sales.
4．We must ________ well-founded criticism with willingness to change.
5．Once upon a time, a young man ________ a decent spring of clear water while crossing the desert.
6．Some historical buildings ________ wood and have perished.
7．The new international airport is still ________ and it will bring financial benefits.
8．Farmers evidently ________ produce in the hope that prices will rise.
9．Before compass was invented, sailors had to ________ the stars to find direction.
10．He didn't feel completely ________ before his teacher although he was fascinated with his lessons.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so ________ (strike) that they feel eager to familiarise themselves with what is going on in China.
2．...it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________ (construct).
3．I always read, using different voices, as though I ________ (act) out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
4．When fat and salt are removed from food. the food tastes as ________ it is missing something.
5．________ (depend) on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures.
6．But Smith ________ (strike) mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described.
7．Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
8．However, anger can easily turn ________ (violence), and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.
9．Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding jobs before ________ (retire) tended to do the best on the tests.
10．With a ________ (sink) feeling, he realised that he actually enjoyed doing it.
11．Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers ________ (grab) her food first.
12．He said that he had heard the calls ________ (preserve) the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
13．The children of Nome would be helpless if it ________ (strike) the town.
14．The dog had initially been knocked ________ (conscious) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff.
15．My ________ (recollect) of this is based solely on the story's frequent retelling in our family.
Ⅳ.汉译英(用括号内的短语)
1．给我留下深刻印象的是，她看上去几乎像是知道我在想什么。(as if)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．敬业的文员仔仔细细地抄写以免遗漏任何东西。(so as to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我们意识到有些人可能不愿意在晚上工作。(be conscious that)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．尽管还是个孩子，他懂得很多科学和金融知识。(though)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．随着互联网业务的快速发展，网络用户明显越来越多。(比较级＋and＋比较级)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part D Lesson 3 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．里格(相当于3英里或海里) 2.下沉，沉没 3.然而，不过；尽管如此 4.打，击 罢工，打击 5.(使)淹死 6.whale
7．weapon 8.bounce 9.solid 10.polish
Ⅱ.
1．violent violently 2.collect recollect recollection
3．desperate desperately 4.easy easily 5.preservation 6.unconscious consciousness 7.evidence evidently
8．construction constructor constructive 9.daybreak 10.being
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．A 2.D 3.C 4.B
Ⅲ.
1．disappearing 2.desperation 3.being drawn 4.the
5．preservation 6.struck 7.unconscious 8.which
9．evidently 10.when
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：核心单词
1．①violent ②violence ③violently ④the violent earthquake ⑤by violence
2．①desperation ②in ③desperately ④for ⑤of
⑥in desperation/desperately ⑦is desperate to have
⑧is desperate for
3．①sank ②sinking ③sank ④sank the ship ⑤began to sink
4．①at with ②easy ③easily ④at ⑤easily ⑥with ⑦greater ease ⑧felt at ease
5．①grabbed ②by ③from ④up ⑤a at/for
⑥grabbed the good chance/opportunity
⑦grabbed him by the collar
6．①preservation ②to preserve ③be preserved ④preserve world peace
7．①敲 ②打 ③侵袭 ④突然想到 ⑤罢工 ⑥it struck me ⑦it hit me ⑧it occurred to me ⑨it came to my mind
8．①unconscious ②of ③from ④unconsciously ⑤was found unconscious ⑥was unconscious from ⑦conscious
⑧aware
9．①off ②back ③bounced back ④bounced off
10．①Evidently ②It ③evidence ④evidently ⑤that ⑥that
11．①polished ②up ③up ④to polish the style
⑤polished off
12．①construction ②under ③constructor ④under discussion ⑤under construction ⑥under consideration
13．①recollection from ②of ③of ④recollections
⑤within ⑥recollect ⑦stamp collection
14．①breathe in ②out of breath ③breathe in ④hold your breath ⑤out/short of breath
15．①of ②against ③in with/against ④to feet ⑤to make ⑥in with ⑦up
16．①to ②to ③to ④response to ⑤response to for
⑥in to
17．①strengthen ②With all his strength ③have the strength to
18．①drowned himself in ②(was) drowned ③out ④were drowned ⑤herself ⑥drowning on
第二版块：重点短语
1．①up ②on ③back ④with ⑤off ⑥out ⑦away
2．①filled ②of ③with presence
3．①came across ②come across ③come about ④came to
4．①on/upon than ②on/upon in ③depend on/upon
④It/That depends
5．①hold back ②hold back ③Hold on ④hold on to
⑤held back ⑥held up
第三版块：典型句式
1．①that ②so ③that ④such ⑤that ⑥such so such
⑦so noisy that ⑧ran so fast that ⑨such a hot day/so hot a day ⑩such cloudy weather
2．①as ②to stay ③to be seen ④in order to see it clearly/so as to see it clearly/in order that he could see it clearly/so that he could see it clearly ⑤so decent that so that
3．①were ②searching ③had done ④as if/though he had met them ⑤had been ⑥as if/though they were close friends ⑦as if/though it happened yesterday ⑧It seems as if
4．①as/though ②Although/Though ③Tired as/though she was ④Try as/though Henry might ⑤as/though
⑥Although/Though ⑦as/though
5．①having ②permitting ③to settle ④done ⑤feeling ⑥being ⑦focused ⑧taken
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．Nevertheless 2.preserve 3.drowning 4.strike
5．evidently 6.violent 7.recollection 8.desperation
9．sinking 10.grab
Ⅱ.
1．out of breath 2.In desperation 3.is unconscious of
4．respond to 5.came across 6.were made of 7.under construction 8.hold back 9.depend on 10.at ease
Ⅲ.
1．答案与解析：striking 句意：一方面，过去几十年的整体发展是如此惊人，以至于他们渴望熟悉中国正在发生的事情。
2．答案与解析：is constructed 句意：……这意味着我们有机会获得关于月球构造的信息。分析句子结构可知，此处是how引导的宾语从句的谓语，从句主语the moon与construct之间为被动关系，并且强调一个事实，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．答案与解析：were acting 句意：我总是用不同的声音念书，就好像我在用我的声音表演故事，他们很喜欢这样！as though好像，仿佛；此处是虚拟语气，叙述与现在事实相反的事情，并且表示动作正在进行，故用were doing。
4．答案与解析：if/though as if/though好像；似乎。句意：当脂肪和盐从食物中去除时，食物尝起来就好像它缺少了什么。
5．答案与解析：Depending you与depend之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，起补充说明的作用。句意：根据你选择的角色，你可以帮助增加社区获得安全饮用水的机会，或者帮助保护有价值的当地文化。
6．答案与解析：was struck 句意：但令史密斯感到震惊的主要是她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。主语Smith与strike之间为被动关系，并且语境是过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
7．答案与解析：spent time与spend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用spend的过去分词形式表示被动。此处是“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。句意：很多时间都坐在书桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。
8．答案与解析：violent 系动词turn后接形容词作表语。句意：然而，愤怒很容易转变成暴力，最好知道愤怒出现的原因，以防止它的出现。
9．答案与解析：retirement 句意：那些在精神上得到刺激的、退休前要求工作的人往往在测试中做得最好。
10．答案与解析：sinking a sinking feeling意为“不祥的感觉；颓丧感”。句意：有着一种不祥的感觉，他意识到自己实际上喜欢做这个。
11．答案与解析：grabbed 句意：电影开始前，每位女士都被要求自己吃点零食。研究人员雇来的一名演员首先抓了自己的食物。语境是过去，并且grab为谓语动词，故填过去式。
12．答案与解析：to preserve 句意：他说他听到了保护这些亭子的呼声，也看到其中一些亭子是怎样被列为历史建筑的。动词不定式短语作calls的定语。
13．答案与解析：struck 根据主句中的would be可知，if引导的从句谓语用过去式表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，故用struck。句意：如果它(传染病)袭击了这个城镇，诺姆的孩子们将会束手无策。
14．答案与解析：unconscious 根据空格后的but had survived可知，这只狗被撞到失去了知觉，用unconscious。句意：这只狗最初被撞到失去了知觉，但靠着喝在悬崖底部的一条淡水河中的水幸存下来。
15．答案与解析：recollection 句意：我对这件事的回忆完全是基于这个故事在我们家里的频繁复述。
Ⅳ.
1．It made me an impressive impression that she looked almost as if she knew what I was thinking.
2．The dedicated clerk copied so carefully so as not to leave anything out.
3．We are conscious that some people may be not willing to work at night.
4．Child though/as he is, he knows much knowledge of science and finance.
5．With the rapid development of Internet services, the users of network bandwidth become more and more evidently.Part E Grammar——动作动词与状态动词
1．动词的分类
状态动词 描述状态 通常不用于进行时；用于进行时意义有所不同
动作动词 描述动作 可用于各种时态
Water existed on Mars in the past.
过去火星上有水。(状态动词)
Willy was walking through the crowded square.
威利正步行穿过拥挤的广场。(动作动词)
即学即练1 单句语法填空
①At this moment, Mr Yang ________ (watch) the football match.
②The new computer ________ (belong) to me.
③He ________ (be) friendly to others.
④Jordan ________ (run) so fast that he won first place.
2．状态动词的几种情况
(1)表示状态的动词be/remain/stay/keep等
I am energetic.我精力充沛。
The chef remains standing for nearly two hours preparing the dishes for the party.
这位厨师保持站立近两个小时准备宴会的菜肴。
In the face of danger, what you should do is stay calm.
面对危险，你应该做的是保持冷静。
(2)表示感觉的动词
这类动词有feel, hear, see, smell, taste, look, sound等，表示一种感觉，也称作感官动词。
The most impressive thing about the hotel is that the dishes there taste delicious.
这家酒店最让人印象深刻的是那里的菜尝起来美味。
[误区警示] 感官动词用作系动词(see和hear不能用作系动词)时其后用形容词作表语，不用副词，也不用于被动语态。
Though it looks not perfect, the soup tastes delicious.
虽然这汤看起来不完美，但它尝起来美味。
(3)表示思想的动词
这类动词有believe, forget, consider, doubt, imagine, know, mean, recognise, remember, realise, suppose, think等，不是指积极的思维活动过程，而是指思维活动的结果，因此一般不能用于进行时。
I think you should evaluate your own work.
我认为你应该对自己的工作进行评估。
He didn't realise that his honesty earned him the opportunity to be offered a part-time job.
他没有意识到他的诚实为他赢得了得到一份兼职工作的机会。
[误区警示] be considering/imagining/supposing/thinking→积极的思维活动过程
Surely you are just imagining an adventure.
的确你只是在空想一次奇遇。
(4)表示喜爱、憎恶等的动词
这类动词有dislike, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, worship等。
The actress dislikes being recognised in public places.
这位女演员不喜欢在公共场所被认出来。
⑩I hate it when I am asked to do the same thing again and again.我讨厌别人一次又一次地要求我做同样的事情。
[误区警示] be hating/liking/loving→强调感彩的暂时性
How are you liking the accommodations here
你觉得这里的住宿怎么样？
(5)表示要求、愿望的动词
这类动词有desire, hope, want, wish, wonder等。
What do you desire the assistant to do
你想要助理做什么？
(6)表示所属关系的动词(短语)
这类动词(短语)有belong to, contain, have, hold, own, possess等。
This lecture hall can hold 1，000 people.
这个演讲厅能容纳1 000人。
It is without disbelief that success belongs to those who get prepared.
毫无疑问，成功属于那些有准备的人。
(7)其他一些动词
这类动词有appear, fit, matter, seem, suit等。
This suit fits the presenter very well.
这套西装非常适合该节目主持人。
What matters is not what we have achieved, but the effort we have put into it.
重要的不是我们实现了什么，而是我们为之付出的努力。
即学即练2 单句语法填空
①Helen ________ (be) an excellent student and all the teachers think highly of her.
②You ________ (be) my best friend, and I believe in you.
③The water ________ (feel) a little cold, so you had better not swim in the river.
④The lawyer looked ________________ (rely) the first time I met with him.
⑤The noise sounded quite ________ (frighten). Little Jim didn't dare to move in the bed.
⑥Your brother looks very ________ (excite). He must have passed the job interview.
⑦The field ________ (look) wonderfully green here.
⑧Confucius ________ (believe) that ren could be put into action using the Golden Rule.
⑨Now, I ________ (consider) writing an article about how to be an excellent salesman or saleswoman.
⑩It's impossible to persuade her to change her mind. She ________ (hate) travelling.
Suddenly, Rose ________ (realise) that she should forgive her friend.
Mrs Brown ________ (prefer) staying in her garden to dancing on the square.
I ________ (mean) to participate in the activity organised by your club, but I was too busy then.
The box ________ (contain) a large number of old letters.
At the end of the 1990s, Mr Smith ________ (possess) large amounts of money.
完成句子
The old house __________________________________________(属于) my grandfather, but he will leave it to my father.
Your mother ________________________ (似乎已经知道) the incident, but I didn't tell it to her.
The football team in our school ______________________(由……组成) fifteen members.
I ________________________ (不怀疑) that one's effort can pay off in the near future.
I couldn't ________________________ (抑制自己) when knowing that my daughter had the chance to slip away.
3．有些状态动词也可表动作，用于进行时态
The Greens have an expensive car.(状态动词)
格林一家有一辆昂贵的汽车。
The Greens are having a wonderful dinner now.(动作动词)
格林一家现在正在吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。
I feel that David will become a poet.(状态动词)
我觉得戴维会成为一名诗人。
The doctor is feeling her pulse because she feels sick.
医生正在给她把脉，因为她感到不舒服。(is feeling表示动作；feels表示状态)
The meat smells bad.这肉有臭味了。(smell表示状态)
He is smelling the meat.他正在闻肉。(smell表示动作)
即学即练3 单句语法填空
①Lily ________ (have) many toys, and we all envy her very much.
②As I rode on the bus and gazed at every new thing I saw, I ________ (have) the time of my life.
③After a rest, I ________ (feel) better now.
④My little brother needed to be picked up, and I ________ (feel) better then, so I offered to get him.
⑤He ________ (taste) the soup his mother made for him and it ________ (taste) more than a little delicious.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They ________ (be) much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
2．Later during my training as a future teacher, I ________ (study) with some of the most famous educators.
3．When she ________ (have) time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
4．The students feel that they ________ (belong) to a particular group.
5．He ________ (want) very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.
6．Oliver says if you ________ (be) lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
7．Melissa, his daughter, ________ (feel) it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.
8．First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform ________ (look) so cool.
9．The Neanderthals ________ (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40，000 years ago.
10．Since I was a kid, I ________ (consider) different jobs I would like to do.
11．Though the intelligent kid can't talk yet, she understands what ________ (go) on.
12．They ________ (discuss) how to recite the words and expressions in the meeting room now.
13．It is a riddle why he ________ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
14．To understand why they ________ (do) it, it is essential to know where they are coming from.
15．I ________ (predict) it will rain, for there are a lot of clouds in the sky.
16．The fascinating sights of the city never fail to ________ (impress) foreign tourists.
17．The album ________ (contain) many memorable songs and famous poetry.
18．She ________ (resemble) her sister in looks and both of them like adventure.
19．I ________ (suspect) they are very disappointed at the contradictory explanation.
20．Writing ________ (call) for a critical attitude of mind and logical brains.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他非凡的能力和智慧为他在队中赢得了一席之地。
His outstanding ability and intelligence ________________________ on the team.
2．专家和考古学家们正在讨论如何发掘出被埋的古城。
The specialists and archaeologists ______________________ how to excavate the buried ancient city.
3．经济发展了，人民的生活水平也相应地提高了。
________________________， the living conditions of the people have been improved relevantly.
4．我在暑假做兼职挣了1 000美元之后开了一个银行账户。
I ____________________________ after I made $1，000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
5．这部小说是由两位年轻的作家编导的。
The fiction __________________________ and directed by two young writers.
Part E Grammar——动作动词与状态动词
即学即练1 ①is watching ②belongs ③is ④ran
即学即练2 ①is ②are ③feels ④reliable ⑤frightening
⑥excited ⑦looks ⑧believed ⑨am considering
⑩hates realised prefers had meant contains
possessed belongs to seems to have known
consists of don't doubt contain myself
即学即练3 ①has ②was having ③am feeling ④felt
⑤tasted tasted
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．答案与解析：were 语境是过去，主语是复数代词，be动词用were。句意：他们比现代人要强壮得多，但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。
2．答案与解析：studied 根据句中的Later并结合句意可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。句意：后来，在我作为一名未来教师的培训中，我与一些最著名的教育工作者一起学习。
3．答案与解析：had 由would可知，要用一般过去时。句意：当她有时间的时候，她会给他们带来食物和药品。
4．答案与解析：belong belong to是表示状态的短语动词；feel用了一般现在时，belong to也应用一般现在时。句意：学生们觉得自己属于某一特定群体。
5．答案与解析：wants 由don't可知应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词也要用第三人称单数。句意：他很想挣些钱，但我不知道他能做什么。
6．答案与解析：are 句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有喜欢烹饪的人，如果可能的话，问他们你是否能加入。
7．答案与解析：felt 根据空格后的fell asleep可知用一般过去时。句意：他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，她小的时候每天晚上都伴随着他的音乐入睡。
8．答案与解析：looked 此处look是连系动词，根据前面的wanted可知用一般过去时。句意：首先，我想成为一名消防员，消防员的制服看起来很酷。
9．答案与解析：lived/had lived/had been living 设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意可知，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years可知应用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。
10．答案与解析：have considered 根据从句Since I was a kid可知，主句用现在完成时。句意：从我小时候起，我就考虑过我想做的不同的工作。
11．is going 12.are discussing 13.is leaving/will leave
14．are doing 15.predict 16.impress 17.contains
18．resembles 19.suspect 20.calls
Ⅱ.
1．earned him a place 2.are discussing 3.As the economy develops 4.opened a bank account 5.was written
