Unit 6The Media
Part A Topic Talk
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
hence, broadcast, via, campaign, debate, cast, available, dismiss, purchase, elect, alternative, coverage, interpret, acknowledge, mixture, appropriate, precisely, consult, complicate, expectation on the other hand, catch up on, figure out, instead of 1.It seems that you choose different media at different time. 2．It's amazing that the internet can provide so many different types of media！
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．microblogging n. ________________
2．hence adv. ________________
3．broadcast n. ________________
vi. &vt. ________________
4．via prep. ________________
5．campaign n. ________________
vi. ________________
6．candidate n. ________________
7．________________ n. &vi. &vt. 讨论，辩论
8．________________ adj. 可获得的，可用的；有空的
9．dismiss vt. ________________
10．up-to-date adj. ________________
11．outline vt. ________________
n. ________________
12．alternative adj. ________________
n. ________________
13．tournament n. ________________
14．purchase vt. ________________
n. ________________
15．economic adj. ________________
①________________ n. 经济
②economics n. ________________
16．political adj. ________________
________________ n. 政治；政治活动
17．diverse adj. ________________
________________ n. 多样性
18．election n. ________________
________________ vt. 选举
19．coverage n. ________________
________________ vt. 报道；覆盖
20．interpret vt. ________________
vi. &vt. ________________
________________ n. 口译员
21．acknowledge vt. ________________
________________ n. 感谢；承认；收件复函
22．mixture n. ________________
________________ vi. &vt. (使)混合
23．precisely adv. ________________
precise adj. ________________
24．consult vt. ________________
vi. &vt. ________________
________________ n. 顾问
25．complicated adj. ________________
complicate vt. ________________
第一版块：重点单词
1．broadcast n．广播节目；电视节目 vi. &vt. 广播；播送，散布，传播(信息等)
(教材P50)like listening to broadcasts on the radio 喜欢用收音机听广播
a live broadcast of... ……的现场直播
a radio/television broadcast 电台/电视节目
We watched a live broadcast of the performance of the comedian.我们观看了那位喜剧演员的表演的现场直播。
The concert will be broadcast live tomorrow evening.
音乐会明晚将现场直播。
They began broadcasting in 1922.他们于1922年开播。
I don't like to broadcast the fact that my father is the producer of the film.
我不想宣扬我父亲是这部电影的制片人的事实。
[误区警示]
broadcast的过去式、过去分词及现在分词分别为broadcast, broadcast, broadcasting。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①At least two hours of news would have to ________ (broadcast) during the last six hours of the day on 34 stations, Xin Hua said.
②When hearing the concert will ________ (broadcast), the enthusiastic audience burst into applause.
完成句子
③______________________________________ (一场奥运会的现场直播) could attract billions of television viewers, and the price of their advertising messages is very high.
2.economic adj.经济(上)的
(教材P50)quick news about traffic information, weather conditions, news broadcasts, economic or political discussions...关于交通信息、天气状况、新闻广播、经济或政治讨论……的快速新闻
economics n. 经济学
economy n. 经济；节约
economically adv. 经济(上)地
economist n. 经济学家
The locals have done what they can to enhance the economic development.
当地人已尽其所能促进经济发展。
Economic recovery is just around the corner.
经济复苏即将到来。
[经典例句]
With the development of the economy in surrounding areas, people are living a better and better life.
随着周边地区经济的发展，人们的生活越来越好。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote ________ (economy) growth.
②Services could be operated more efficiently and ________ (economic).
③The ________ (economy) has made an assumption that the economy will recover soon.
3.election n．选举 elect v．选择，决定(后常跟不定式)；选举，推选
(教材P50)updates on election campaigns and candidates 关于竞选活动和候选人的最新消息
elect sb. (to be/as) 选举某人为……
elect sth. (as) 选择……作为职业
elect to do sth. 选择、决定做某事
elect sb. to...(to为介词，后加名词)把某人选进……
He was elected as a new commercial representative.
他被选为新的商业代表。
After only a year in the sports club, the youngest player was elected to the committee.
参加运动俱乐部仅一年，那位最年轻的运动员就被选进了委员会。
They elected me to the board of directors.
他们选举我进入董事会。
[误区警示] 表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位独一无二，则通常不用冠词。如：He was elected president of the United States of America.他被选为美国总统。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Increasing numbers of people elect________ (work) at home nowadays.
②Several new councillors got in at the last ________ (elect).
③They elected her ________ the board of directors.
④He elected ________ (speak) rather than ________ (stay) silent.
⑤They elected him ________ head of the organisation.
4.diverse adj.各种各样的 diversity n．差异(性)，多样性 diversify v．(使)多样化；从事多种经营
(教材P112)diverse information about the world 关于世界的各种各样的信息
be diverse from... 和……不一样
a diversity of... 各种各样的……
The building houses a wide and diverse variety of antiques.
这栋楼里摆放着大量的各种各样的古董。
People from around the world gathered here, bringing diverse food cultures.
全世界的人都汇集到这里，带来了各种各样的饮食文化。
My 20-day stay in Xi'an was a chance to understand cultural diversity.
我在西安待了20天，这个机会让我了解了文化的多样性。
The educator thinks that a key issue for higher education nowadays is the need for greater diversity of courses.
这位教育家认为现在高等教育的一个关键问题是需要使课程更加多样化。
[易混辨析] different, various与diverse
这些形容词均含“不同的”之意。
different普通用词，强调事物间的区别或本质的不同。有时侧重对比，不着重差别。,various通常强调种类的数目。
diverse语气较强，指性质完全不同，强调显著的区别。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is a need for greater ________ (diverse) and choice in education.
②They help us grasp the ________ (diverse) of life on the planet.
③The custom in China is diverse ________ that in Australia.
④This implies that there is a need for greater ________ (diverse) and choice in education.
⑤Society is now much more ________ (diverse) than ever before.
完成句子
⑥Rice has been made into different foods based on ____________________________ (人们的各种饮食习惯).
5.debate n．辩论，争论，讨论 vi. &vt.(尤指正式)讨论，辩论
under debate 在辩论中，在讨论中
a heated/lively debate 一场激烈的/热烈的争论
a debate on/about/over sth. 关于某事的讨论
have /hold a debate 举行辩论
public debate 公开辩论
a televised debate 一场电视转播的辩论会
debate (sth.) with sb. 同某人辩论/讨论(某事)
debate on/about/over sth. 辩论/讨论某事
debate＋ 讨论……
The issue of whether to launch a campaign against advertising everywhere is still under debate.是否要发动一场反对到处登广告的运动的问题仍在争论中。
We had a heated debate on how to prepare for the next coverage.
我们就如何准备下一次新闻报道进行了一场激烈的争论。
We must debate the question with the rest of the members.
我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。
The experts are debating how to solve the mystery via modern technology.
专家们正在讨论如何通过现代科技解开这个谜。
[词语辨析]
debate与argue
debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思
argue侧重“说理，论证”和“企图说服”。常用结构为argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is likely to debate ________ herself whenever there is an important thing to decide.
②They debated for an hour ________ the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.
③We are having a heated debate ________ the impact of computers on children.
④We debated ________ them on the question till late into the night.
完成句子
⑤Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has __________________________________(引起了激烈的讨论) among citizens.
⑥The bill is ______________________(讨论中)and hasn't been passed yet.
⑦We ________________________(正在讨论如何装修) our new house.
选词填空：debate/argue
⑧It's hard to ________ him into changing his mind.
⑨They are ________ on whether the cultural relic is worthy of being rebuilt.
6.acknowledge vt.承认；答谢
(教材P50)figuring out what to acknowledge and what to dismiss
弄清楚该承认什么和否认什么
acknowledge＋n. 承认某事
acknowledge＋doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge...as/to be... 认为……是……
承认……
It is widely/generally acknowledged that... 普遍认为
They refused to acknowledge
他们拒不承认失败/自己被打败了。
I gratefully acknowledge economic support from several local businesses.我对几家本地企业的资助表示感谢。
They acknowledged having abandoned the ship at last.
最后，他们承认弃船了。
They acknowledged that the topic they were discussing was relevant to the election.
他们承认，他们正在讨论的话题与选举有关。
He is widely acknowledged as/to be the best player in the world.
＝It is widely acknowledged that he is the best player in the world.
普遍认为他是世界最佳运动员。
[词语辨析] acknowledge, admit 与 recognise
acknowledge 指公开“承认”事实或过错
admlt 指强调被迫承认
recognise 指正式“承认”“公认”主权、权利等
[易错提醒]
acknowledge后不跟动词不定式而要跟动名词作宾语，所以表达“承认做过某事”用acknowledge doing sth.或acknowledge having done sth.，但不能用acknowledge to do sth.。
[即学即练] 一句多译
①彼得承认未通过驾照考试。
Peter ________________ the driving test. (acknowledge＋动名词)
＝Peter ________________________ the driving test.(acknowledge＋宾语从句)
②人们普遍认为这次峰会很成功。
________________________________ that the summit was a great success.
＝The summit ________________________ a great success.
选词填空：acknowledge/admit/recognise
③At last, the journalist had to ________ there was something wrong with his coverage.
④Some lawyers refuse to ________ his appointment without the president's approval.
⑤It is widely ________ that the campaign they launched last week is a great success.
7.dismiss vt.否定；不考虑；解雇；开除；解散 dismissal n．解雇；开除
dismiss sth. as＋n./adj. 以……为由拒绝考虑……
dismiss sb. for... 因……解雇某人
dismiss sb. from... 免去某人的职务
have no power to dismiss sb. 无权开除某人
threaten sb. with dismissal 用解雇来威胁某人
He dismissed the idea of quitting his job.他打消了辞职的念头。
They quickly dismissed that they would launch a campaign against his participating in the election.
他们很快否认将发起一场反对他参加选举的运动。
They dismissed the suggestion as impractical.
他认为那个建议不切实际而不予考虑。
He was dismissed for lack of responsibility and his casual attitude towards his work.
他因缺乏责任感和对工作漫不经心的态度而被解雇了。
The teacher dismissed the class on time.老师按时下课。
[词语积累] v.＋al→名词
dismiss＋al→dismissal survive＋al→survival
arrive＋al→arrival approve＋al→approval
refuse＋al→refusal deny＋al→denial
propose＋al→proposal betray＋al→betrayal
remove＋al→removal
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Under the routine of the university they had no power ________ (dismiss) him.
②They dismissed him for ________ (steal) the money.
③The reason why he ________ (dismiss) is that he lacked sympathy.
④He sat there while I made the case for his ________ (dismiss).
完成句子
⑤他只是笑笑，以不实际为由拒绝了我的建议。
He just smiled and dismissed my advice ________________ unrealistic.
⑥He __________________________________________ (否定) he was abused in the boarding school.
⑦He______________________________________(因为……被解雇)his not attaining his objective.
8.up-to-date adj.包含最新信息的；新式的；时髦的
(教材P50)get up-to-date information easily轻松获取最新信息
update v. 更新
They have access to up-to-date information through a computer database.他们可以通过计算机数据库获取最新信息。
In this case, the statistics it provides are not accurate and up to date.本例中，它所提供的统计数据是不准确的，也不是最新的。
It's about time we updated our software.
我们的软件应该更新了。
[学法点拨] 形容词up-to-date常常放于名词前面作定语，短语up to date意为“最新的”，常常作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。类似用法的还有out-of-date(过时的)，out of date(过时的)。
[即学即练] 选词填空：up-to-date/up to date/update
①Your own doctor or nearest family planning clinic will be able to give you ________ information on this.
②You know information and knowledge in this field ________ very fast.
③As is suggested in the instructions, it is important to keep this file ________．
9.consult vt.查阅vi.&vt.咨询；请教；商议； consultant n．顾问
(教材P112)I consult the Internet to research things for school...为了学习，我上网查询一些东西……
consult a dictionary 查词典
consult the timetable 查时间表
consult a map 查阅地图
consult a teacher 请教老师
consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事
consult with sb. 与某人商议
consult with sb. about/on sth. 与某人磋商某事
consult with sb. about a secret 与某人商量一件机密事
He consulted his teacher about calligraphy.
他就书法的相关问题咨询了老师。
As for the question in geometry, he consulted with his classmates.他和同学们一起商议了关于几何的问题。
[词语积累]
consultant n．咨询师；顾问
consultation n．咨询，磋商
[名师点津]
(1)如果请教、咨询的对象比较权威，一般用consult (vt.)；而如果和地位平等的对象一起商量，则多用consult with。
(2) look up，refer to, consult均表示“查阅”， look up的宾语是查阅的对象，而consult/refer to的宾语则是查阅的工具。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hearing that Xi Feng wanted to consult him ________ something, Jia Lian stopped and asked her what it was.
②You shouldn't have done it without ________ (consult) me.
③I made up my mind to major in English in the future after ________ (consult) with my parents and the professor.
④So she contacted his ________ (consult) at once to consult with him about this.
完成句子
⑤If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better ____________________________ (咨询你的医生)at once.
⑥Why not ____________________________ (与……商议) Frank about this matter You see, two heads are better than one.
10.alternative adj.(仅用于名词前)可替代的；另外的n.可供选择的事物
(教材P112)．..to better understand complicated issues by finding alternative opinions on the subject...……通过寻找关于这个主题的其他观点来更好地理解一些复杂的问题……
alternative energy 替代能源
alternative ways/methods 其他的方法
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
an alternative to... ……的替代品
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。
The traffic was heavy, so we had no alternative but to wait.
路上交通拥挤，因此我们别无选择只好等待。
If you don't like calligraphy, you have the alternative of learning paper cutting.
你要是不喜欢书法，可以学习剪纸。
[名师点津]
别无选择，只好做……have no alternative but to do...
＝have no choice but to do...
＝can't choose but do...
＝can't help but do...
＝can do nothing but do...
＝cannot but do...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You have the alternative ________ riding or walking.
②Living far away from home in a strange place，the boy had no alternative but ________ (learn) to get accustomed to the new circumstances.
③Lost in such a forest, he could do nothing but ________ (wait) patiently for help.
④Set the clock or timer and make sure that you turn off the computer when the time is up. ________ (alternative) create a shutdown timer on your desktop.
一句多译
⑤我女儿不得不适应新的环境。
My daughter ____________________________________________ herself to the new surroundings.
⑥My daughter ____________________________________________ herself to the new surroundings.
⑦My daughter ____________________________________________ herself to the new surroundings.
11.purchase vt.购买，采购 n．[U，C]购买；购买之物
(教材P112)I read the news on my favourite newspaper's website, instead of buying a real newspaper，and I can also purchase e-magazines…我在我最喜欢的报纸的网站上看新闻，而不是买一份真正的报纸，我也可以买电子杂志……
purchase sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
purchase sth. for＋money 买某物花多少钱；以……的价格购买某物
purchase sth. from 从……购买某物
the purchase of 对……的购买
make a purchase 采购
make two purchases 购买两样东西
purchase price 买价
I guarantee that you can purchase products of high quality here.我保证你能从这里买到高质量产品。
I recommend that we should purchase 10 copies for the library.我建议我们应该为图书馆买10本。
The shop has about 500 autographed copies of the book available for purchase.
这家书店有大约500本该书的签名版本可供购买。
[辨析比较] purchase/buy
易混词 区别 搭配
purchase 正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西。 purchase a car买车 purchase a house买房
buy 日常用词，既可指日常随意购物，也可指购买重要物品。 buy tickets买票 buy books买书
[词语积累]
purchaser n．购买人；采购员；买主
the No. 1 purchaser of...……的头号买家
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He gave his son some money for the purchase ________ his school books.
②He has purchased some snacks ________ the shop ________ his daughter who will go back home soon.
③It was broadcast on the TV that the national company had been purchased ________ $10，000 by an international firm.
④The problem for any potential ________ (purchase) is whether the company has the potential for development.
完成句子
⑤He ______________________________________________ (从……买了座新房子) the developer and it was for his daughter.
⑥She will ____________________________________________________ (为她的儿子买台新电脑) after he graduates.
第二版块：重点短语
1．on the other hand另一方面；反过来说
(教材P112)On the other hand, the Internet gives us so much diverse information about the world, from art and literature to science.另一方面，互联网给了我们太多的关于世界的多样性信息，——从艺术和文学到科学。
on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
for one thing..., for another... 首先……，再者……
On the other hand, gases can often be turned into liquids.
另一方面，气体常常可转变成液体。
On the one hand, I like his cleverness, but on the other hand, I dislike his laziness.
一方面我喜欢他的聪明，另一方面我讨厌他的懒惰。
For one thing, I have seen the film; for another (thing) I have an important meeting to attend tonight.
一则我已看过这部电影，二则今晚我有一个重要会议要出席。
For one thing, I have seen the film.
首先，我已看过这部影片。
On the other hand, more and more boys and girls love and join the skateboarding.另一方面，越来越多的男生女生们喜欢并加入到滑板这项运动中。
[易错警示]
①“on the one hand...on the other hand...”用于引出不同的或对立的观点、思想等；而“for one thing...for another...”用于列举原因或理由，陈述的两个方面情况通常一致。
②如果只提出一个原因for one thing可单独使用；如有第二个原因可与for another (thing)连用。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我想出去吃饭，但另一方面我应该尽量省钱。
I'd like to eat out, but __________________________ I should be trying to save money.
②——你为什么不跟我到纽约来？
——首先，我不喜欢坐飞机；再者，我买不起机票。
—Why won't you come to New York with me
—________________， I don't like flying; and ________________， I can't afford it.
2.catch up on赶做；事后得到关于……的消息
(教材P112)．..and in the afternoons, I catch up on news via the Internet.下午的时候，我会通过互联网关注新闻。
catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某事
catch up with 赶上
catch hold of 抓住；握住
catch sight of 瞥见
be caught in 陷入，卷入；遭遇(风暴等)
He is very quick/slow to catch on.
他理解得很快/慢。
I have got a lot of work to catch up on.
我有很多工作要赶着做。
Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each other's news.来聊聊天，彼此好得到最近的消息。
[归纳拓展]
catch up on sth.用额外时间做某事(以弥补所耽误的时间)；赶做；事后了解某事的情况
catch on (to sth.)＝understand (sth.)理解，了解；懂(某事)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Go ahead, please. I'll soon catch up ________ you.
②I'm afraid I can't catch up ________ how things are going in that region.
③I am afraid that we'll be caught ________ a traffic jam.
④Round the corner, I caught sight ________ the thief and immediately called the police.
3.instead of代替，顶替，而不是
(教材P112)I read the news on my favourite newspaper's website, instead of buying a real newspaper，...我在我最喜欢的报纸的网站上看新闻，而不是买一份真正的报纸……
instead of是短语介词，表示“代替，顶替，而不是”之意，其后可接名词、代词和动名词，但在语言的实际运用中，它几乎能连接各种词类及短语，其功能与连词十分相近。
(1)后接名词、代词、动名词
(2)后接副词、形容词、动词、介词及介词短语
(3)后接动名词复合结构，带to和不带to的不定式；后接从句
Will you go to the party instead of me, so that our host won't be too offended
为了不至于太得罪主人，你代我去赴宴好吗？
You had better work instead of idling away your time.
你最好工作而不是把时间浪费掉。
Things are now better instead of worse.
情况不是更坏而是更好了。
The sidewalks were still damp instead of dusty.
人行道上还是潮湿的，没有灰尘。
The play acts better instead of worse, than it reads.
这剧本演起来比读着更好，而不是更差。
He walks slowly instead of quickly.他走得慢而不是快。
Shall we have tea out instead of in
我们在室外而不是室内喝茶好吗？
We should encourage them instead of discourage them.
我们应鼓励他们而不是给他们泄劲。
[名师点津]
instead of后接动名词有时可放在句首。如：
Instead of disturbing her, the news had a strangely calming effect.
那条消息不但没有扰乱她，反而有一种奇特的镇静效果。
[经典例句]
He pictures people as he sees them instead of as they are.
他是按照他所看到的人们的样子而不是按其本来面目来描写人的。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①We'll have tea in the garden ________________ (而不是) in the house.
单句语法填空
②That increased instead of ________ (decrease) our courage.
③You should be out instead of ________ on such a fine day.
④They must make up their own minds instead of ________ (we, make) up their minds for them.
⑤As he was ill, I went to attend the meeting instead of ________ (he).
4.figure out弄清楚，搞明白；计算(数量或成本)
(教材P112)Figuring out what to acknowledge and what to dismiss is really challenging.弄清楚该承认什么和该拒绝什么确实是个挑战。
figure out the reason 弄明白原因
figure out the exact figures 计算出确切的数字
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.由于对北极熊(活动)范围的研究甚少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。
Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.战争爆发时，她的朋友们来给她帮忙。
[归纳拓展] “v.＋out”短语：
break out (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始；爆发
carry out执行 die out灭绝；消失
try out试用；试验 give out用完；耗尽；分发
pick out精心挑选；辨别出 point out指出
sort out整理；把……安排好 set out出发，动身；开始工作
make out看清，听清；理解，明白
work out解决；算出；制订出；产生结果；锻炼身体
[即学即练] 完成句子
①娜奥米敦促他挑选出了16首史蒂夫最喜欢的，也是最私人的歌。
Naomi urged him to __________________________________ 16 of Steve's favorite and most personal songs.
②例如骑自行车，或者你可以去健身房锻炼。
Like cycling, or you could ____________________________ at the gym.
写出句子中figure out的含义
③I figured out a way to solve the problem.________________
④I finally figured out how this machine worked.________________
⑤He figured out the math problem.________________
第三版块：典型句式
1．It seems that...似乎……
(教材P112)It seems that you choose different media at different time.似乎你在不同的时间选择不同的媒体。
It seems that he likes his present job.＝He seems to like his present job.似乎他喜欢目前的工作。
It seems as if you are the first one here.
看起来你是第一个到这里的人。
She seems (to be) happy.＝It seems that she is happy.
她看起来很高兴。
He seems (to be) a friendly person.＝It seems that he is a friendly person.他看起来是个友好的人。
Jack seems like an honest guy.＝Jack seems (to be) an honest guy.杰克看起来是个诚实的人。
It seems to rain this afternoon.＝It seems that it will rain this afternoon.似乎今天下午会下雨。
[归纳拓展] seem的用法总结：
(1)It seems that...似乎/看起来……
(2)It seems as if/though
(3)seem (to be)＋adj.
(4)seem (to be)＋n.
(5)seem like
(6)seem to do
[归纳总结] 联想appear (看起来，显得)
[即学即练] 同义句转换
①He seems tired.
→He seems ____________________．
→He appears __________________．
→It seems that __________________．
→It appears that ________________．
②Jack seems like a hard-working student.
→Jack seems ________________ a hard-working student.
→It seems that Jack ________ a hard-working student.
③Jack seems to have seen the film.
→It seems that Jack ____________ the film.
④It seems as if you have been there before.
→You seems to ________________ there before.
⑤It appears that something is wrong with my phone.
→Something appears (to be) ________________ with my phone.
2.It is amazing that...令人惊讶的是
(教材P112)It's amazing that the Internet can provide so many different types of media.
令人惊讶的是，互联网可以提供如此多不同类型的媒体。
[句式分析] 句中it为形式主语，that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。
that引导的主语从句的小结
(1)that置于句首的主语从句，that只起引导作用，不能省略。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句，把that主语从句置于表语之后。
①It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句。
②It＋系动词＋名词＋that从句。
③It＋系动词＋动词-ed＋that从句。
④It＋特殊动词(happen/occur...)＋that从句。
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
很可能明天会有场暴风雪。
It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.
你昨天没听讲座真是遗憾。
It is announced that the hostages have been released.
已宣布人质被释放。
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
他打电话时我正好不在家。
[重要提醒]
①that引导的句子是一个完整的陈述句子。
②that引导的主语从句位于句首时that不可省略，从句位于句尾时that一般也不能省略。口语中偶尔可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ has excited every one of us ________ he will come to the conference.
②Did ________ happen to you ________ you had been out when he called
③________ is reported ________ the book has been translated into many foreign languages by now.
④It is strange ________ he ________________ late for work yesterday.
⑤It is amazing ________ he can read so many novels in such a short time.
3.“many a＋单数名词”作主语
(教材P51)Many a small thing has been made large by the right kind of advertising.借助恰当的广告，许多小生意已经做大。
[句式分析] 这是一个简单句。介词短语by...在句中作方式状语。
“many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。
Many a broadcast is blamed for a diversity of advertising.
许多电视节目由于各种广告而受到谴责。
Many a debate is held every week to raise people's awareness of the environmental protection.
每周举行很多辩论赛来提高人们的环保意识。
[学法点拨] 有类似用法的还有“more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
More than one person was injured in the accident.不止一个人在这场事故中受伤。
但“more than one”＋“复数名词”作主语时，或“more＋复数名词＋than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
More members than one are against the proposal.反对这个提议的会员不止一个。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There ________ (be) many a warm-hearted person by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.
②Many a student ________ (be) on the spot when the accident happened.
③Many a candidate ________ (be) going to participate in the campaign to be launched tomorrow.
④When it comes to how to succeed, more than one person ________ (think) of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After a long ________ (辩论), Congress approved the proposal.
2．Our up-to-date model is already on the stocks and will be ________ (可获得的) in the spring.
3．She couldn't speak the complicated language so her children had to ________ (解释) for her.
4．We listened to the news with a ________ (混合) of surprise, horror and disappointment.
5．The only practicable ________ (可供选择的事物) is to solve the complicated problem first.
6．We have the concept that smoking is bad for health. ________ (因此), I am determined to help my father to give up smoking.
7．We should have the ability to work effectively with other people in ________ (各种各样的) environments.
8．It is analysed that the media played an important part in the last ________ (选举).
9．The ________ (运动，活动) is intended to educate the public to protect the environment.
10．Most media ________ (新闻报道) disapproves of the travellers' lifestyle and values.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The limit between agricultural and manufacturing industry cannot be drawn obviously and ________ (precise).
2．Airline tickets, hotel reservations, educational courses and even cars and homes could ________ (purchase) online.
3．A personal diet plan is devised after a ________ (consult) with a nutritionist.
4．The case ________ (dismiss) on the grounds that there was not enough available evidence.
5．Any event and campaign attended by the actor received widespread media ________ (cover).
6．He will be devoting more time to writing, ________ (broadcast), lecturing and debating.
7．This book deals with the social, ________ (economy) and political issues of the period.
8．It was difficult to decide between the two ________ (candidate) because both of them were brilliant enough.
9．The ________ (complicate) issue is that a vital document is missing.
10．He ________ (acknowledge) that the accident was owing to his negligence.
Ⅲ.短语填空
on the other hand, catch up on, figure out, prefer to, instead of
1．Whether or not we can ________________ sleep on the weekend is a hotly debated topic among sleep researchers.
2．It is commonly acknowledged that older people ________________ receive care from family members.
3．AI makes many people lose jobs. ______________， AI will also create diverse jobs for people.
4．Much of the economic benefit is pocketed by retailers ________________ being passed on to customers.
5．He precisely ________________ what time the first train would pass by.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．咨询一下医生你需要多大的运动量。
______________________________ how much exercise you need.
2．他和我们数学老师争辩这道难题的解法。
He ______________________________ our maths teacher about the solution to the problem.
3．近些年来，两国经济均实现了迅猛增长。
In the last few years, ____________________________________ dramatic economic growth.
4．我好像想不出解决困难的办法。
____________________________________ I could not find a way to break through such a barrier of difficulties.
5．交通噪声太大，我听不清他说的话。
I couldn't hear ____________________________ over the noise of the traffic.
Unit 6The Media
Part A Topic Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
1．用微博分享、传播信息 2.因此，由此，所以 3.广播节目；电视节目 广播；播送 4.通过(某人、某机器等)传送
5．(政治、商业或社会性)运动 发起运动；参加活动 6.候选人；考生 7.debate 8.available 9.否定；解散 10.包含最新信息的；新式的；时髦的 11.概述 纲要；外形 12.可替代的；另外的 可供选择的事物 13.锦标赛 14.购买 购买(物) 15.经济(上)的 ①economy ②经济学 16.政治的；政府的 politics 17.各种各样的 diversity 18.选举 elect 19.新闻报道；覆盖范围 cover 20.解释 口译 interpreter 21.承认；感谢 acknowledgement 22.混合 mix 23.确实如此；精确地 精确的，准确的 24.查阅 咨询；商议 consultant 25.难懂的；复杂的 使更复杂
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．①be broadcast ②be broadcast ③A live broadcast of the Olympic Games
2．①economic ②economically ③economist
3．①to work ②election ③to ④to speak to stay ⑤as/to be
4．①diversity ②diversity ③from ④diversity ⑤diverse
⑥people's diverse eating habits
5．①with ②on ③on/about/over ④with ⑤caused a heated debate ⑥under debate ⑦are debating how to decorate ⑧argue ⑨debating
6．①acknowledged not passing acknowledged that he hadn't passed ②It is widely acknowledged was widely acknowledged to be ③admit ④recognise ⑤acknowledged
7．①to dismiss ②stealing ③was dismissed ④dismissal ⑤as ⑥dismissed that ⑦was dismissed for
8．①up-to-date ②update ③up to date
9．①about ②consulting ③consultation/consulting
④consultant ⑤consult your doctor ⑥consult with
10．①of ②to learn ③wait ④Alternatively ⑤has no choice/alternative but to adapt ⑥can't choose/help but adapt ⑦can do nothing but adapt
11．①of ②from for ③for ④purchaser ⑤purchased a new house from ⑥purchase a new computer for her son
第二版块：重点短语
1．①on the other hand ②For one thing for another
2．①with ②on ③in ④of
3．①instead of ②decreased ③in ④our making ⑤him
4．①figure out ②work out ③找到(＝found) ④明白(＝understood) ⑤解答(＝solved)
第三版块：典型句式
1．①to be tired to be tired he is tired he is tired ②to be is ③has seen ④have been ⑤wrong
2．①It that ②it that ③It that ④that should have been ⑤that
3．①was ②was ③is ④thinks
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．debate 2.available 3.interpret 4.mixture
5．alternative 6.Hence 7.diverse 8.election
9．campaign 10.coverage
Ⅱ.
1．precisely 2.be purchased 3.consultation 4.was dismissed
5．coverage 6.broadcasting 7.economic 8.candidates
9．complicated 10.acknowledged
Ⅲ.
1．catch up on 2.prefer to 3.On the other hand
4．instead of 5.figured out
Ⅳ.
1．Consult your doctor about 2.debated with 3.both countries have experienced 4.It seemed that 5.what he saidPart B Lesson 1 From Page to Screen
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
expectation, adaptation, appropriate, cast, pessimistic, proof, despite leave out, fall down, have an impact on, be close to, be involved in, the majority of 1.动名词(短语)作主语； 2．“It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.”句型； 3．although引导让步状语从句； 4．how引导名词性从句； 5．it is/was... that/who...强调句型
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．novel n. ________________
adj. ________________
2．non-fiction n. ________________
3．biography n. ________________
4．autobiography n. ________________
5．ghost writer ________________
6．critic n. ________________
7．rating n ________________
8．cast n. ________________
vt. ________________
9．visualise vt. ________________
10．version n. ________________
11．category n. ________________
12．proof n. ________________
13．expectation n. ________________
________________ vt. 期盼；预料
14．pessimistic adj. ________________
________________ 对……感到悲观
15．classic adj. ________________
n. ________________
________________ adv. 传统地
16．comic n. ________________
adj. ________________
comical adj. ________________
17．adaptation n. ________________
①________________ vt. 改编
vi. &vt. (使)适应
②________________ adj. 能适应的，适应性强的
18．appropriate adj. ________________
appropriately adv. ________________
19．liberty n. ________________
liberate vt. ________________
20．________________ adj. 清楚的，明确的
________________ adv. 确切地；肯定地
21．technical adj. ________________
technique n. ________________
22．generate vt. ________________
________________ n. 产生；一代人
[词语积累]
[1] James Hope /d eimz h p/詹姆斯·霍普
[2] expectation / ekspek'te n/n.期待，预期，预料
have high expectations有很高的期望
[3] pessimistic / pes 'm st k/ adj.悲观的
optimistic adj.乐观的
[4] particularly adv.尤其；特别
[5] spring to mind突然想起
[6] classic/'kl s k/adj.经典的 n．名著；经典作品
classic novels经典小说
[7] novel/'n v l/n.(长篇)小说
[8] comic/'k m k/n.连环漫画；adj.滑稽的
[9] as well as也；又；还
[10] non-fiction n．非小说类文学作品
[11] biography /ba ' gr fi/n.传记
[12] autobiography / t ba ' gr fi/ n．自传
[13] ghost writer代笔人
[14] adaptation/ d p'te n/
n．改编版；适应
[15] remake n．翻拍；新版
[16] critic/'kr t k/n.评论家，批评家
[17] rating/'re t /n.(电影、电视的)收视率排行榜；等级，程度
[18] original n．原著
[19] typical adj.典型的
[20] appropriate/ 'pr pri t/adj.恰当的；合适的
[21] leave out省掉
[22] liberty /'l b ti/n.自由；自由权
[23] plot n．情节
[24] please v．取悦
[25] cast/kɑ st/n.演员阵容，全体演员 vt.投射(光或影)
[26] acceptable adj.可接受的
[27] visualise/'v la z/vt.设想，想象
[28] definite/'def n t/adj.清楚的，明确的
[29] fall down失败
[30] technical/'tekn k l/adj.技术上的
[31] generate/'d en re t/ vt.产生，创造
[32] impact n．影响
have an impact on对……有影响
[33] previously adv.以前
[34] reality n．现实
a reality一件现实的事情
[35] be involved in参与到，涉及
[36] process n．过程
[37] version/'v n/n.版本
[38] Stephen King/'sti v n k /斯蒂芬·金
[39] J. D. Salinger/'s l nd / J．D.塞林格
[40] make sure确保
[41] despite prep.尽管
[42] category/'k t g ri/n.类别，种类，范畴
[43] proof/pru f/n.证明
[44] James Bond /d eimz b nd/詹姆斯·邦德
[45] the majority of大多数……
[46]Ian Fleming/'i n'flem /伊恩·弗莱明
From Page to Screen
by James Hope[1] (Arts journalist)
Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations[2] when a film of a favourite book is made 【1】. There are many times I have been pessimistic[3] or even disappointed by a film of a book I love. Although highly regarded books do not always make good films, it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly[4] good books 【2】．(TheGodfather immediately springs to mind[5].)
【1】连词but连接两个分句；第一分句中动名词短语Reading... and watching...作主语；第二分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；when在句中引导时间状语从句。
【2】although引导让步状语从句；it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to say...; that引导宾语从句，作to say的宾语。
The source material for a film may be taken from classic[6] novels[7]， short stories, comic[8] books and stage plays, as well as[9] non-fiction[10] such as biographies[11] and autobiographies[12]，even those written by ghost writers[13] 【3】．All can work well, but why do many adaptations[14] and indeed remakes[15] fail with both cinema audiences and critics[16]？ And why do some adaptations get lower ratings[17] than others
【3】过去分词短语written by ghost writers作后置定语，修饰不定代词those。
A key question is obviously how close to the original[18] the film is. Since a typical[19] film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate[20] for the screen and what to leave out[21] 【4】. Screenwriters take creative liberty[22] and sometimes there may be changes to the plot[23], additions, and even different endings to please[24] producers, directors and test audiences. I, like many people, have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like the book” 【5】．
【4】since在句中引导原因状语从句；it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式复合结构。
【5】现在分词短语feeling “the film is not like the book”在句中作伴随状语。
Another problem area is the cast[25]. Finding actors acceptable[26] to film audiences can mean the difference between success and failure. Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise[27] characters and have very definite[28] ideas about how characters should look and sound. This is where I think many film adaptations fall down[29] 6】．
【6】连接副词where在句中引导表语从句。
Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical[30] reasons, although films like TheLifeofPi are changing this idea 【7】. CGI (Computer Generated[31] Image) technology has had a huge impact[32] on the film industry. It allowed the previously[33] unfilmable to become a reality[34].
【7】本句为主从复合句。主句中含有“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”；although引导让步状语从句；介词短语like TheLifeofPi在句中作定语，修饰名词films。
One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations 【8】. In fact, sometimes authors are very involved in[35] the process[36] and may even be the screenwriter. This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form 【9】. At other times they are not，
and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions[37] of their work 【10】；Stephen King[38] is an example of this. Even more extreme was novelist J. D. Salinger[39], who made sure[40] no film versions of his popular novel ACatcherintheRye could ever be made 【11】. In this situation, it is clear that viewers will not be disappointed! For me, anyway, it is always a bad idea to watch a film of a book you love.
【8】that在句中引导宾语从句，在该从句中含有一个强调句型it is...who...。
【9】because在句中引导原因状语从句，在该从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词；find it difficult to adapt...中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语，difficult为宾语补足语。
【10】关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词instances。
【11】关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词J.D. Salinger。
Despite[41] the challenges, there have been some highly successful films made from popular books 【12】. For me, Jaws, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings all fit this category[42]. And possibly the best proof[43] of a successful adaptation is the James Bond[44] series, the majority of[45] which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming[46].Perhaps unusually, audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have changed so often, although everyone seems to have their favourite. I know I do.
【12】过去分词短语made from popular books作后置定语，修饰名词films。
从纸书到银幕
作者：詹姆斯·霍普(James Hope)(艺术记者)
读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验。但如果人们最喜欢的书籍被改编成电影，他们对电影的期望高，这很正常。很多次我喜欢的书籍被拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。尽管得到高度评价的书并不总是能拍出好的电影，但可以肯定地说，优秀的电影也可能改编自不是那么好的书。(这让我马上想到《教父》)
一部电影可以取材自经典小说、短篇小说、漫画书、舞台剧，也可以取自传记、自传等非小说类文学作品，甚至是代笔人写的作品。这些素材都可以拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编、翻拍的电影没能受到电影观众与评论家的好评呢？为什么有些改编作品的评分比其他作品低呢？
显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作接近程度如何。由于电影通常只有两小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定什么适合银幕，什么应该删除就成了一个问题。对此编剧有一定的创作自由，有时为了迎合制片人、导演、观众，会改动部分情节，甚至演绎不同结局。和很多人一样，我也经常在看完电影后感叹“这部电影和原作不一样”。
另一个问题是演员阵容。找到电影观众所接受的演员，有时决定着电影的成败。读者会通过自己的想象，将书中的人物形象化，角色的外貌、声音他们都有非常明确的想法。我认为(选择的演员不符合他们的想象)这是很多电影改编失败的原因。
一些书由于技术原因很难拍成电影，虽然《少年派的奇幻漂流》等电影的出现正在改变这一问题。电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响，让以前无法拍摄的内容成为现实。
人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。事实上，作者有时的确会参与改编，甚至会担任电影编剧。但这其实有局限性，因为作者本人可能过于忠于书中内容，很难将其改编成一种新的形式。有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己
作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。斯蒂芬·金就是这样。小说家J.D.塞林格更为极端，他永远不准自己广受欢迎的小说《麦田里的守望者》被拍成电影版本。如果是这样，读者就永远不会失望！不管怎样，我认为去看自己钟爱的书籍翻拍成的电影不会是个好主意。
尽管挑战重重，还是有一些改编自畅销书的电影取得了极大成功，例如《大白鲨》《哈利波特》和《指环王》都是这一类。而可能改编成功的最好例证是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》系列小说。系列影片中詹姆斯·邦德的扮演者经常换人，但观众们似乎也能接受，这让人难以相信。但我相信每位观众和我一样，都有自己最喜欢的那个扮演者。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
2．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Many adaptations' failure arises from different reasons.
B．The limited time and changes make the film not like the original.
C．Readers have their imaginations about the cast.
D．Technology makes it difficult to film some books.
3．What can we know from the passage
A．Technology has no impact on the movie industry at all.
B．Many film adaptations fall down because readers have their imaginations about how characters look and sound.
C．There should not be any changes to the plot, additions, and even different endings.
D．All the adaptations should be two hours long.
4．What can we infer from the last but one paragraph
A．The book writer is in the best position to do film adaptations.
B．All the writers have been very satisfied with the film versions of their work.
C．It is always a good idea to watch a film of a book you love.
D．That the book writer is close to the material may be a bad thing.
第一版块：重点单词
1．expectation n．期待，预期，预料 expect vt.期待，期望
(教材P52)．..but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made.……但如果人们最喜欢的书籍被改编成电影，他们对电影的期待高，这很正常。
in (the) expectation of 期待，期望
above/below expectations 高于/低于预期
beyond (one's) expectations 出乎意料(好于预期)
against/contrary to expectations 出乎意料(与预期相反)
come/live up to (one's) expectations 达到预期
He offered to undertake the task in the expectation of obtaining his boss's appreciation.
他主动承担这项任务，希望得到老板的赏识。
We did so well—beyond all our expectations.
我们做得非常好——超过了我们所有人的预期。
Against all expectations, he accumulated so much wealth in such a short time.
完全没想到，他在这么短的时间内积累了如此多的财富。
The holiday lived up to all our expectations.
假期过得一点儿也没有让我们失望。
You can't expect too much of/from your son.
你对你儿子不能要求/期望太多。
What does the ghost writer expect of the smart keyboard
那位代笔人对智能键盘有何期待？
I expect to be consulted about major issues.
我认为重大问题必须找我商量。
Much to our disappointment, he didn't obtain his objective as expected.
使我们非常失望的是，他没有如期达到他的目标。
[词语积累]
expect vt.期待；预料
expect to do sth.期待做某事
expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
as expected不出所料；正如预料的那样
be expected to do被期待做……
expect sth. of/from sb.对某人期望/期待……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You can't expect too much ________ yourself.
②He finished the work on time ________ expected.
③His parents' greatest ________ (expect) is that he can be admitted into a top university.
④He didn't expect his father ________ (approve) of his travelling alone to Africa.
完成句子
⑤They launched a campaign ________________ (希望)raising the public's awareness of not abandoning pet dogs.
⑥After years of hard work, Adam finally ________________ (没有辜负父母的期望).
2.pessimistic adj.悲观的，厌世的 pessimism n．悲观(主义) pessimist n．悲观主义者
反义词：optimistic adj.乐观的
(教材P52)There are many times I have been pessimistic or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.很多次我喜欢的书籍被拍成电影，我都不看好甚至很失望。
be pessimistic about 对……悲观(反：be optimistic about对……乐观)
a pessimistic view of life 对人生的悲观看法
in a pessimistic mood 以悲观的情绪
have a pessimistic attitude to/towards... 对……持悲观态度
attitude to/towards... 对……的态度
They were surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning the election.
他们对赢得选举的可能性显得出奇地悲观。
To tell the truth, I am pessimistic about the full recovery of the economic development in a short time.
说实话，我对经济发展在短时间内全面复苏持悲观态度。
[学法点拨]
在阅读理解中，经常考查作者对文中某一事物或现象的观点态度，pessimistic是高频词，另外还有
optimistic (乐观的)，
negative (消极的)，
objective (客观的)，
supportive (支持的)，
doubtful (感到怀疑的)，
disapproving (不赞成的，反对的)等。
[即学即练]
选词填空：pessimistic/optimistic
①“That's no way to talk，” said Tanchun(探春). “We all fall ill, and we all have our troubles. There's no cause for you to be so ________．”
②Though he was dismissed by his company, he never lost heart and was still ________ about his future.
完成句子
③The doctors ________________ (对……悲观) his chances of recovery.
④Don't lose heart. ________________ (乐观点儿). There is still a possibility that we will win the election.
⑤People are likely to live more happily and longer if they ________________ (乐观地对待生活).
⑥在过去的几年里，他对自己的洞察力一直很悲观。
In the last few years, he ________________ his own insight.
单句语法填空
⑦He believed that people who were pessimistic ________ their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
3.adaptation n．改编版；适应 adapt v．(使)适应，(使)适合；改编，改写
(教材P52)．..why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics？……为什么许多改编、翻拍的电影没能受到电影观众与评论家的好评呢？
adapt vt. 使适应；改编
adapt to... 适应/适合……
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...from... 根据……改编……
adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应……
We had a discussion about the adaptation of the comic yesterday.
昨天，我们讨论了这本连环漫画的改编版。
Most living creatures are capable of adaptation under certain circumstances.
大多数生物在某些特定情况下都能适应。
As time went by, I gradually adapted (myself) to the new surroundings.
随着时间的流逝，我逐渐适应了新环境。
Have you watched the TV series RedSorghumadapted from Mo Yan's novel of the same name
你看过由莫言同名小说改编的电视剧《红高粱》吗？
[误区警示]
adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adopt意为“采纳，收养”，adapt意为“使适应，改编”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many children purchase books after they have been adapted ________ television.
②She has just ________ (adopt) by a family.
③The ________ (adapt) of JourneytotheWest(《西游记》)is intended for exchange students from other countries.
④I as well as Mary have adapted ________ the new environment.
⑤He adapted ________ (him) quickly to the customs.
⑥This new film is said to be adapted ________ a novel by Jane Austen.
完成句子
⑦To all of you, fresh students, ________________(如何使自己适应新的环境)is the first thing that you have to face.
⑧埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。
People in Ethiopian highlands ________________ living at high altitudes.
4.rating n．(电影、电视的)收视率排行榜；等级，程度 rate n．比率；速度v．评分；评价
(教材P52)And why do some adaptations get lower ratings than others？为什么有些改编作品的评分比其他作品低呢？
approval rating 支持率
credit rating (银行等作出的)信用等级，信用评级
the ratings in consumption 消费评级
the higher rating 更高的等级
the advantages and disadvantages of ratings 评级的利弊
Educators have been given a high-priority rating by the new administration.
新一届政府将教育工作者放在了高度优先的地位。
Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.从设备上收集的数据可以根据不同参与者的打字方式来识别他们，错误率非常低。
[拓展归纳]
the birth/death rate出生率/死亡率
at a steady rate以平稳的速度
at any rate无论如何
at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去
a high/low/rising rate of unemployment高/低/不断增长的失业率
[拓展归纳]
at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour以平均每小时5千米的速度
rate sth. at 8给……打8分
first-rate一流的
be rated as...被评为……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The birth ________ (rating) has been decreasing in this area.
②The car was going ________ the rate of 60 kilometers per hour.
③The room ________ (rate) at this hotel range from $50 to $100 per day.
完成句子
④________________(无论如何), I won't change my goal.
⑤The traffic is terrible. ________________ (照此情形) I will never get to the train station on time.
⑥On a scale of 1 to 10, I would ________________(给这部电视剧打7分).
⑦Beijing University ____________________________(被评价为) one of the best universities in China.
5.cast n．演员阵容，全体演员 vt.投射(光或影)；投，抛
(教材P52)Another problem area is the cast.另一个问题是演员阵容。
cast down 使沮丧；使下降；推翻
cast light on 使了解……
cast a shadow/cloud on/over 给……蒙上阴影
The whole cast perform brilliantly.
全体演员表现都很出色。
Because of an all-star cast, the rating is quite high.
因为是全明星阵容，所以收视率相当高。
The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
When doing scientific experiments, we should not be cast down by temporary setbacks.
进行科学实验时，我们不应因为暂时的挫折就垂头丧气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The twins were very much cast ________ by the failure of the experiment.
②The fact that he left out a very important figure in his report cast a shadow ________ him.
完成句子
③With ______________________________________ (受欢迎的主题和演员阵容)，the producers are quite confident about the box office.
④From the start, ________________ (它有强大的演员阵容)，with 101 different Smurfs (蓝精灵)，although just one was female.
6.proof n．证明；证据
(教材P53)And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series...而可能改编成功的最好例证是詹姆斯·邦德系列……
proof of... ……的证据/证明
have some proof that... 有证据证明……
provide/give proof 提供证据
need proof 需要证据
without conclusive proof 没有确凿证据
further proof 进一步的证据
scientific proof 科学证据
there is proof that... 有证据证明……
The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.
这些成果进一步证明了他的杰出才干。
The new evidence proved his innocence.
新证据证明他是清白的。
→The new evidence proved him (to be) innocent.
新证据证明他是清白的。
→He proved (to be) innocent.他证明是清白的。
→It is proved that he is innocent.已证明他是清白的。
→The new evidence proved his innocence to us.
这新证据向我证明他是清白的。
This just proved what I said.这恰好证明了我说的话。
[归纳拓展]
(1)prove vt.证明；检验；显示
prove sth.证明某事
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
prove sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n.
证明……是……
prove that...从句 证明……
prove ＋ what/how从句 证明……
It is proved that... 已证明……
(2)证明是
prove (to be)＋adj./n.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Do you have any proof ________ the assumption is right
②He was released for lack of ________ (prove).
③It ________ (prove) that he is a person of wisdom and is worthy to be respected.
④________ (prove) that eating more vegetables helps to enhance your immune system.
完成句子
⑤________________(足够的证据) can prove that he is the one to take responsibility for the car accident.
7.imagination n．想象；想象力 imagine v．想象
(教材P52)Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise characters...
读者会通过自己的想象，将书中的人物形象化……
rich imagination 丰富的想象力
vivid imagination 生动的想象力
great imagination 杰出的想象力
creative imagination 创造性想象
have a very active imagination 有非常活跃的想象力
set one's imagination free 自由想象
have (an) imagination 有想象力
use one's imagination 运用想象力
show imagination 展现想象力
lack imagination 缺乏想象力
be full of imagination 充满想象力
[归纳拓展]
imagine sth.想象某事
imagine doing sth.想象做某事
imagine sb. sth.想象某人是……
imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事
imagine...as...把……想象成……
imagine sb. to be/do...想象某人是/做……
imagine＋
[经典例句]
①Little Tom likes to imagine himself an air-pilot.小汤姆喜欢想象自己是一个飞行员。
②Imagine that you are Gulliver！想象一下你是格列佛吧！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She ________ (have) rich imagination and she was brave.
②Another group built something out of their own ________(imagine).
③All our shared life, I was the “artist，” bringing to our house much ________(imagine).
④I can't imagine ________ (do) anything else with my life.
⑤I imagined ________(live) by the lake, drawing some pictures every day.
⑥I imagined the park ________ (be) bigger than it is.
⑦You can't imagine ________ busy I am now.
8.generate vt.产生(电、热等)；创造；引起 generation n．产生；一代
(教材P53)CGI(Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film industry.电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响。
generate electricity 发电
generate heat/power 产生热量/动力
generate income/profit 产生收益/利润
generate new ideas 产生新想法
He said that one of the boxes generated around $13，500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
他说，其中一个(公共电话)亭每月收入约13 500美元，租金仅400美元左右。
We use solar energy to generate electricity.
我们利用太阳能来发电。
[归纳拓展]
the generation of electricity发电
the younger/older generation年轻/年老一代
the fifth generation mobile communication technology.第五代移动通信技术
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Brainstorming is a good way of ________ (generate) ideas.
②This tradition was handed down from ________ (generate) to ________ (generate).
完成句子
③这座水力发电站发的电足以供2 000户家庭使用。
The hydro-electric plant is able to ________________ for 2，000 homes.
9.despite prep.尽管，虽然
(教材P53)Despite the challenges, there have been some highly successful films made from popular books.尽管挑战重重，还是有一些改编自畅销书的电影取得了极大成功。
despite the fact that... 尽管……
despite this 尽管如此
despite our best efforts 尽管我们尽了最大努力
despite applying for hundreds of jobs 尽管申请了数百个工作
Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。
In spite of all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.尽管存在所有这些问题，有几个队员还是表现得很出色。
[误区警示]
despite, in spite of是(短语)介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能引导从句，但可以用despite/in spite of the fact ,that 引导从句。也可以转换成用though或although引导的让步状语从句。也就是说despite/in spite of the fact that→though/although。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①尽管她认为经济学枯燥无味，她却学得很好。
She was good at economics ________________ she found it boring.
②________ his young age, he did a very good job.
＝________________ his young age, he did a very good job.
③It's unbelievable that Sophia leads a simple life ________(＝________________) her great wealth.
第二版块：重点短语
1．leave out遗漏，省去；忽视，冷落
(教材P52)Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.由于电影通常只有两个小时左右，在有限的时间里，编剧要决定什么适合银幕，什么应该删除就成了一个问题。
leave out the detail 省去细节
leave out a letter 漏掉一个字母
leave out a possibility 忽略了一种可能性
feel left out 感觉被冷落
leave...behind 把……留在某地；把……抛在后面
leave for 动身去
leave alone 不管；不打扰
[用法讲解]
leave out短语中out是副词，宾语若是代词，要放在leave与out中间；宾语若是名词，可放在其后或中间
[词语拓展]
leave aside搁置一边，不考虑
leave off停止，中断
leave my umbrella behind on the train把伞落在火车上
leave for Beijing动身去北京
leave me alone不要打扰我
[即学即练] 完成句子
①学生们很容易把这个句子中的一两个重要单词遗漏。
Students are easy ________________ one or two vital words of this sentence.
②如果那家人只是把猫丢弃了怎么办？
What if the family had simply ________ the cat ________？
③在那个时候，女人比男人少得多，所以如果一个男人不想被忽视，他唯一的选择就是和另一个男人跳舞，这样他就可以吸引为数不多的女人的注意。
At that time there were much fewer women than men, so if a man didn't want to be ________________，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.
④萨拉腿长，很快就把我们其他人远远地抛在了后面。
Sarah, with her long legs, soon ________ the rest of us ____________．
2.fall down摔倒；倒塌；(在某一点上)薄弱，不尽如人意
(教材P53)This is where I think many films adaptations fall down.我认为这是很多电影改编失败的原因。
fall behind 落后
fall from 从……跌落
fall off 从……上掉落
fall into 掉进
[词语拓展]
fall ill 生病
fall asleep睡着
fall apart散架
fall back on依靠
fall through落空
fall for爱上；受骗
fall out(头发/牙齿)脱落
fall down on...在……上很差，未达到预期，不尽如人意
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Stop things falling ________ trucks.
完成句子
②没什么可怕的。天不会塌下来。
There is nothing to be afraid of. The sky won't ________________．
③摔倒后，那个小孩站了起来。
After ________________， the baby rose to his feet.
④工作做得未达预期。
He fell ______________________________________ the job.
3.have an impact on对……有影响
(教材P53)CGI (Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film industry.
电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响。
have no impact on 对……没有影响
have an effect/influence on 对……有影响
have no effect on 对……没有影响
make a difference (to) (对……)有影响
make no difference (to) (对……)没有影响，没有作用
[知识拓展]
have effect on... 对……有效
have no effect on... 对……无效
have good effect on... 对……有好的效果
have side/ill effect on... 对……有副作用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact ________ our lives in many ways.
②Hannah is one of many examples of young educators who are making a difference ________ the world.
③The HUNCH program has an impact ________ college admissions and practical life technique.
④The medicine has some ill effect ________ me.
4.be close to靠近；接近；即将……
(教材P52)A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is.显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作接近程度如何。
be close to Beijing 离北京近
be close to fire 靠近火
be close to nature 靠近大自然
be close to tears 快要哭了
be close to death 濒临死亡
get/come close to 靠近；接近
[教师提醒] be close to中的to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His house is close ________ the restaurant, so he can come here soon.
②The snake is live. Don't get close ________ it.
③Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to ________ (extinct), with only a few elderly speakers left.
5.be unsatisfied with对……感到不满意 be satisfied with对……感到满意
(教材P53)．..and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work.于是出现了作者对自己作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。
be satisfied with the exam results 对考试成绩满意
be satisfied/content/pleased to do sth. 对做某事感到满意
to one's satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是
to our teacher's satisfaction 令我们的老师感到满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
[知识积累]
①satisfying adj.令人满意的＝satisfactory adj.令人满意的
②satisfied adj.感到满意的
③satisfy sb.使某人满足或满意,④satisfy sb.'s hunger/demands/curiosity满足某人的饥饿/要求/好奇心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied ________， and complete, their chosen course.
②The manager ________ (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort.
③She got great ________ (satisfy) from helping people to attain confidence.
6.be involved in....参与到，涉及
(教材P53)In fact, sometimes authors are very involved in the process and may even be the screenwriter.
事实上，作者有时的确会参与改编，甚至会担任电影编剧。
involve oneself in sth.＝participate in sth. 参与……
involve sb. in sth. 使卷入……中
I regularly involve myself in community activities.
我经常参与社会活动。
The accident involved two cars.＝Two cars are involved in the accident.
这场事故涉及两辆车。
I don't want to get involved in the argument.
我不想卷入这场争吵之中。
[注释用法]
(1)使卷入，使陷入；使参与
(2)涉及
(3)involved adj.作为部分的，有关的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We need to consider all the costs ________ (involve) in the project first.
②She was so involved ________ the book that she didn't hear the knock.
③The job ________ (involve) a lot of travelling.
④He had not been ________ (involve) in that affair.
⑤This mistake will involve you ________ a great deal of trouble.
7.the majority of
(教材P53)．..the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.
……该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》系列小说。
a majority of＝most 大部分/大多数的
be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数
[特别提醒]
“the/a majority of＋名词”表示“大多数……”，其谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独做主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
[知识拓展]
major n. &v．主修；专业
major in主修……；以……为专业
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The ________ (major) of students are against the bicycle trip.
单句写作
②多数学生觉得很难接受这个新理论。(majority)
________________________________________________________________________
第三版块：典型句式
1．动名词(短语)作主语
(教材P52)Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences, but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made.
读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验。但如果人们最喜欢的书籍被改编成电影，他们对该电影的期待高，这很正常。
[句式分析] 动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，通常由动词原形在词尾加-ing构成，其否定结构为在其前加not。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；动名词有时态和语态的变化，其形式如下(以do为例)：
主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。
It is no use waiting for him.等他是没有用的。
It is useless talking about it with him.
和他谈这件事是没有用的。
[名师点津]
动名词(短语)作主语时往往表示抽象的或是经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。对于一些比较长的动名词短语，可以用it作形式主语。常用it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正主语的句型有：It is/was no use/useless/no good/worthwhile/a waste of... doing...等。
[特别注意] 动名词(短语)作主语时，单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用复数。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Swimming and gardening have become her hobbies.游泳和园艺成了她的爱好。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
②________ (be) addicted to the Internet, as some adolescents do, will to some extent affect their private lives.
③________ (bring) up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
④It's no good ________ (run) on a smoggy morning.
⑤________ is a waste of time playing video games.
⑥Running and reading ________ (become) a routine for me in my life lately.
2.“It is ＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.”句型
[句式分析] “It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的；某人做某事是……的”。其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式(短语)。
在这一句式中，用介词for还是of取决于形容词。若形容词用来描述不定式(短语)的客观形势、特点等，多译为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，用for；若形容词表示人的品质、性格等，多译为“某人做某事是……的”，用of。
It is very important for us to master a foreign language.
对我们来说，掌握一门外语很重要。
It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in this exam.
在这次考试中，你犯了如此多的错误，真是太粗心了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is so brave ________ him to save the children in the fire.
②The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
③It is very dangerous for him ________ (go) across the street.
3.although引导让步状语从句
(教材P52) Although highly regarded books do not always make good films, it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.
尽管得到高度评价的书并不总是能拍出好电影，但可以肯定地说，优秀的电影也可能改编自不是那么好的书。
[句式分析] although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，语气比though和while重，有时可与though/while互换，不能和but连用，但是可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。while引导让步状语从句时，一般位于句首。
Although/Though these measures are not effective forever, they are vital now.
虽然这些措施不会永远奏效，但它们现在至关重要。
While you can't turn back the clock, you can take control of your life.
虽然你不能使时光倒转，但你可以掌控自己的生活。
[特别注意] although不可作副词，但though可以作副词单独置于句末，用逗号与前句隔开，意为“然而；可是；不过”。
I have a bit of headache. It's nothing much，though．我有一点儿头痛，不过并不厉害。
[即学即练] 选词填空：although/though/while
①In addition, some sharp remarks, ________ they are not eye-catching, may have misleading effects on the youth.
②________ I had a lot of experience and a master's degree, I couldn't find a satisfying job.
③Our team lost. It was a good game, ________．
4.how引导名词性从句
(教材P52)A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is.
显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作的接近程度如何。
[句式分析] how引导名词性从句时，可以表示方式、对程度/数量/情况等的疑问、程度上的感叹等。
He was surprised at how much water I had drunk.
他惊讶于我喝了多少水。
Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.不要因为任何失败的事而灰心，因为你永远不知道你距离胜利可能有多近。
[特别提醒]
what或whatever引导名词性从句时，有时可充当一个限定词，用于修饰名词，其常用结构为：
what＋a/an＋(adj.)＋可数名词单数＋主语＋其他
what/whatever＋(adj.)＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋其他
I will try to overcome whatever difficulties I may meet in the future.我将努力克服未来我可能遇到的任何困难。
[即学即练] 选词填空：what/how/whatever
①I was surprised by her words, which made me recognise ________ silly mistakes I had made.
②Parents are taught to understand ________ important education is to their children's future.
③The shocking news made me realise ________ terrible problems we would face.
④I have no idea ________ fast he can run.
⑤You must be clear ________ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road.
⑥I will bring you ________ presents you like on your birthday.
5.it is/was... that/who...强调句型
(教材P53)One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations.
有人可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。
[句式分析] 强调句型的基本结构是：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分。注意，强调句中一般都使用that，只有在被强调部分指人的时候，既可以用that，也可以用who，且that和who不可以省略。
Was it yesterday that he met his teacher
他是昨天见到了他的老师吗？
When was it that the Shanghai Disney Resort which you dream of visiting was open to the public
你梦想去参观的上海迪士尼乐园是什么时候向公众开放的？
It was not until he was seven that his mother bought him a piano.直到他七岁时，他母亲才给他买了一架钢琴。
[名师点津]
①如何判断强调句
若把句中的it is/was和that/who去掉，句子其余部分的结构和语义仍然完整，则该句是强调句。
②强调句的疑问形式
一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it...＋that/who...
特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...？
③not... until...的强调句型：It is/was not until... that...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was Ms Li ________ lent me a hand when I had trouble with English grammar rules.
②It was after he got what he had desired ________ he realised it was not so important.
③He couldn't say what it was ________ upset him.
④It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realised she had lost her keys.
⑤It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
⑥That was really a splendid evening. It's years ________ I enjoyed myself so much.
6.“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
(教材P53)And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series, the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.
而可能改编成功的最好例证是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》系列小说。
[句式分析] 在“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为物时，关系代词为which；但若先行词为人，则关系代词用whom；若关系代词在从句中作定语，则关系代词用whose。
Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most of which are about education and health.这是会上提出的一些问题，其中大部分是关于教育和健康的。
Maria has written two novels, both of which have been adapted for television series.
玛丽亚写了两部小说，都被改编成了电视连续剧。
There are three girls in the room, the tallest of whom is Tom's sister.
屋子里有三个女孩，其中最高的那个是汤姆的姐姐。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time ________ which was 226 days.
②Bill invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
③He wrote a lot of novels, but none of ________ was translated into a foreign language.
④The world-famous director, three of ________ movies won Oscar Awards, is reported to have retired.
⑤—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ________ were popular.
—It's the same as his wife. She wrote many plays, but none of ________ was a success.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The whole ________ (全体演员)was very professional and preoccupied in rehearsal.
2．Bookshops should arrange their novels in simple alphabetical order, rather than by ________ (种类，范畴).
3．New public opinion polls show the president's political approval ________(等级)at its highest point since he took office.
4．My ________ (预期)is that we'll have a breakthrough in technical reform.
5．The experimental results indicate the dark ________ (适应)time of drivers has definite difference.
6．It is acknowledged that people tend to become ________ (悲观的) and lose confidence in adverse circumstances.
7．The debate in the mainstream press has been a ________ (经典的)example of freedom of speech.
8．She gained fame as a ________ (评论家)before she published the popular novel.
9．The book adaptation was written in a style ________ (恰当的，合适的)to the age of the children.
10．Guests should feel at ________ (自由)to avail themselves of your facilities.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What you wear should be up to date and clean, and must ________ (definite) fit well.
2．Don't you think the ghost writer should ask this young man some ________ (technique) questions
3．That is why there are many ________ (version) of the complicated story.
4．Many ________ (proof) show that outline plays an important role in writing compositions.
5．In the country, more than one quarter of alternative energy ________ (generate) from coal burning.
6．Contrary to general ________ (expect) he announced that only one candidate got approval.
7．Besides working as a political leader, he also writes ________ (novel) in his spare time.
8．Do you think the film ________ (adapt) was faithful to the classic book
9．Fire danger ________ (rate) system has already been an available tool for modern forest fire management.
10．Now try to ________ (visual) in your mind what liberty will look like, maybe doing whatever you like to do.
Ⅲ.短语填空
leave out, be adapted from, focus on, fall down, be involved in
1．It was said that several of the plays ________________ recent novels.
2．It can improve your balance by exercising your main muscles; hence you can't ________________．
3．Sometimes it seems right to invite the vast of actors so no one will feel ________________．
4．It took the housewife an extraordinary effort to ________________ preparing dinners or purchasing in the supermarket.
5．The writer ________________ his novel so that he didn't hear you knock on the door.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他原本也可以删掉许多重复的内容，从而缩减许多页。
He ________________________ much of the repetition and thus saved many pages.
2．入会仪式后，这些年轻人与老成员开始互动。
After initiation, the youths started to ________________ the older members.
3．那个年轻人对太空旅行着了迷。
________________________ has a bee in his bonnet about space travel.
4．自互联网出现以来，它对我们的生活和学习产生了很大影响。
Since its emergence, Internet ________________________ our life and study.
5．我们有快修部，立等可取。
We have a quick repair service where repairs can be done ________________．
Part B Lesson 1 From Page to Screen
双基夯实·课前排查
1．(长篇)小说 新奇的 2.非小说类文学作品 3.传记
4．自传 5.代笔人 6.评论家，批评家 7.(电影、电视的)收视率排行榜；等级，程度 8.演员阵容，全体演员 投射(光或影) 9.设想，想象 10.版本 11.类别，种类，范畴 12.证明 13.期待，预期，预料 expect 14.悲观的 be pessimistic about 15.经典的 名著；经典作品 classically 16.连环漫画 滑稽的 可笑的；滑稽的 17.改编版；适应 ①adapt ②adaptable 18.恰当的；合适的 恰当地；合适地 19.自由；自由权 使自由 20. definite definitely 21.技术上的 技术；技巧 22.产生，创造 generation
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．A 2.A 3.B 4.D
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．①of/from ②as ③expectation ④to approve ⑤in (the) expectation of ⑥came/lived up to his parents' expectations
2．①pessimistic ②optimistic ③are pessimistic about ④Be optimistic ⑤are optimistic about life ⑥has been pessimistic about ⑦about
3．①for ②been adopted ③adaptation ④to ⑤himself ⑥from ⑦how to adapt yourselves to the new environment
⑧have adapted to
4．①rate ②at ③rates ④At any rate ⑤At this rate
⑥rate the TV play at 7 ⑦is rated as
5．①down ②on/over ③a popular theme and cast ④it had a big cast
6．①that ②proof ③has been proved ④It has been proved
⑤Enough proof
7．①had ②imaginations ③imagination ④doing ⑤living
⑥to be ⑦how
8．①generating ②generation generation ③generate enough electricity
9．①despite the fact that ②Despite Inspite of ③despite in spite of
第二版块：重点短语
1．①to leave out ②left behind ③left out ④left far behind
2．①off ②fall down ③falling down ④down on
3．①on ②to ③on ④on
4．①to ②to ③extinction
5．①with ②was satisfied ③satisfaction
6．①involved ②in ③involves ④involved ⑤in
7．①majority ②The majority of students find it hard to accept the new theory.
第三版块：典型句式
1．①Learning ②Being ③Being brought ④running ⑤It
⑥have become
2．①of ②it ③to go
3．①although/though ②Although/Though/While
③though
4．①what ②how ③what ④how ⑤how ⑥whatever
5．①who/that ②that ③that ④that ⑤when ⑥since
6．①of ②whom ③them ④whose ⑤which them
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．cast 2.category 3.rating 4.expectation 5.adaptation
6．pessimistic 7.classic 8.critic 9.appropriate 10.liberty
Ⅱ.
1．definitely 2.technical 3.versions 4.proofs
5．is generated 6.expectations 7.novels 8.adaptation
9．rating 10.visualise
Ⅲ.
1．were adapted from 2.fall down 3.left out 4.focus on 5.was involved in
Ⅳ.
1．could also have cut out 2.interact with 3.It is the young man who 4.has made a great impact on 5.on the spotPart C Lesson 2 Questions about Media
【单元知识先知】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
advertise, witness, spot, process, comment, survive, record, exist, interact, support, affect take part in, be different from, as a result, cut out 1.It's time for sth. 2．动词＋it＋adj.＋to do... 3．what引导名词性从句
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．high-definition adj. ________________
2．corporation n. ________________
3．witness vt. ________________
n. ________________
4．spot n. ________________
vt. ________________
5．advertise vi. &vt. ________________
________________ n. 广告(业)
6．recording n. ________________
________________ n. 记录；记载；(尤指体育运动中最高或最低的)纪录
vt. 记录
vt. &vi. 录制
7．upload vi. &vt. ________________
n. ________________
________________ vt. 下载
n. 载的文件
8．interactive adj. ________________
①interact vi. ________________
②interaction n. ________________
第一版块：重点单词
1．advertise vi. &vt.为……做广告
(教材P56)Fewer people and companies chose to advertise in the newspaper.很少有人和公司选择在报纸上做广告。
advertise (...) on TV/on the Internet 在电视/网络上(为……)登广告
advertise for 为征求……登广告
They advertise the new cross talk on the Internet.
他们在网上登广告宣传新相声。
We are advertising for comedians.
我们正在登广告招聘喜剧演员。
[词语积累]
advertisement n．广告
advertiser n．登广告者；广告商
advertising n．广告(业)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The shopkeepers had the purse ________ (advertise) on the Internet for promotion.
②I'm an ________ (advertise) and I'm interested in making better ________ (advertise).
③Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local ________ (advertise) agency.
2.witness vt.亲身经历；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人；见证(以言行证实信仰)
(教材P113)Some sites are bringing the news directly from the people who are experiencing or witnessing it, on the spot of...一些网站直接从正在经历或目睹事故的人那里带来新闻，在……的现场。
witness to... (to为介词)证实，证明……
witness for 为……作证
be witnessed by 由……证明
be (a) witness to 是……的证据/证人
bear/give witness to 做……的证人，为……作证
in witness of 作为……的证据
He was not the only one who witnessed how the precious vase was broken into pieces.
他并不是唯一一个目睹珍贵花瓶如何破成碎片的人。
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of exploring the universe.近几年宇宙探索得到了迅猛发展。
The witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.这个目击了这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
He pretended not to witness the accident and was not willing to give witness to it.
他假装没有目击那次事故，也不愿意作证。
[学法点拨]
①witness搭配中的to为介词。
②witness作“见证”讲时，同see, find等词一样，可以用时间或地点名词作主语，使用拟人化的手法。
[经典例句]
As one major city along the ancient Silk Road, Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road.
兰州作为古丝绸之路的一座重要城市，见证了先辈们为发展丝绸之路所作的努力和取得的成就。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We ________ (witness) major changes unfolding in our world, something unseen in a century. This is a world of both opportunities and challenges for us.
②The witness ________ the car accident showed great sympathy for the unfortunate boy and decided to stand in defence of him.
③Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, ________ (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
完成句子
④The police found ________________ (一个……的目击证人) the accident and asked her to ________________ (为……作证) it.
3.spot n．地点；斑点；污点 vt.发现；认出(spotted, spotted; spotting)
on the spot 当下，当场；在现场(＝on the scene)
a quiet spot on the beach 海滩上一个安静的地方
a white cat with brown spots 带褐色斑点的白猫
a few spots of blood 一些血渍
spot sb./sth. doing sth. 发现某人/某物正在做某事
He answered the question on the spot.
他当场就回答了那个问题。
The police were called and they were on the spot within three minutes.
警方接到报警，不到3分钟就赶到了现场。
I spotted her sitting in the corner, sighing.
我发现她正坐在角落里叹气。
He spotted the famous comedian in the crowd who will perform cross talk in his city tonight.
他在人群中认出了今晚要在他的城市表演相声的著名喜剧演员。
[学法点拨]
spot意为“地点”作先行词，且从句缺状语时，用where引导定语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She told us the exact spot ________ the accident happened.
②Tom spotted smoke ________ (come) out of his neighbour's house last night.
③We ought to find out the views of the people ________ the spot.
④He had to make a decision ________________ (当场).
⑤Let's make an assumption that he was __________________ (在现场) when the crime happened.
4.process n．进程；过程；工艺 vt.加工；处理 processor n. [C]加工者；处理器
(教材P113)Media used to be a one-way process — they spoke and we listened.媒体过去通常是单项过程——他们讲我们听。
in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
in the process 同时，在过程中
in the process of...in ……过程中
a slow/long/painful process 缓慢的/漫长的/痛苦的过程
They are using a new process to make ice cream.
他们正在用一种新工艺来制作冰激凌。
The factory processes vegetables for supermarket.
这家工厂为超市加工蔬菜。
[联想拓展]
the learning process 学习过程
process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application处理申请
processed cheese/meat/fish加工过的干酪/肉/鱼
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我们正在出售自家的旧家具。
We are ________________________ selling our old furniture.
单句语法填空
②The opinion that learning is a lifelong ________ (process) has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.
③Future 3D food printers could make ________ (process) food healthier.
5.comment n. &v．评论
(教材P113)Every article has reader's comments below it...每篇文章下面都有读者的评论……
make a comment on/about 对……作出评论
have a comment 有意见要发表
give/offer comments 给出/提出意见
If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
如果教授的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地提出你的意见。
My 10-year-old noticed him and made a comment on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.
我10岁的孩子注意到了他，发表评论说站在外面的寒风中一定很糟糕。
The reporter commented on current events.
记者对时事进行了评论。
He commented that it was an excellent film.
他评论说那是一部非常好的电影。
[归纳拓展]
get/receive comments收到意见
without comment未作评论地
no comment无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的提问)
brief/quick comments简短的评论
helpful comments有用的意见
comment on/upon对……作出评论
comment that...评论说……
[即学即练] 完成句子
①我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。
I don't feel I can ________________ their decision.
单句语法填空
②He gave positive ________ (comment) about the movie.
③Have you any comment(s) to make ________ the recent developments
④Asked about the date of the election, the prime minister commented ________ no decision ________ (make yet).
6.survive v．活下来，幸存；生存；艰难度过；比……活得长 survival n．生存；幸存
survivor n．幸存者，生还者
(教材P113)In my opinion, newspaper business will find it much harder to survive in the future.
我认为报纸将来的生存会更加艰难得多。
survive on 靠……生存
struggle to survive 为了生存而挣扎/艰难地生存
survive the attack/earthquake 在袭击/地震中幸免于难
survive the crisis 渡过危机
survive sb. by... 比某人多活……
Harvold said, “I was happy that no one else was hurt, but I hoped that the driver would survive.”哈弗德说：“我很高兴其他人没有受伤，但我希望那位司机也能活下来。”
It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.很难说这是一种好的生存方式。
[词语积累] 动词去e加-al变为名词：
refuse→refusal 拒绝
arrive→arrvial 到达
remove→removal 迁移
approve→approval 赞成
propose→proposal建议
disapprove→disapproval不赞成
dispose→disposal清理，处理
survive→survival生存
rehearse→rehearsal排练
revive→revival恢复
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We can't survive ________ food and water.
②They ________ (survival) the earthquake.
③The woman survived her husband ________ 5 years.
④The company is struggling for ________ (survive).
⑤Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our ________ (survive).
7.upload vi. &vt. (使)上载，上传 n．上载(上传)的信息
load...with... 用……装载……
be loaded with 满载着……
load...into... 把……装入……
carry a heavy load 携带重物
a full load 满负荷
a load of/loads of 许多，大量
take a load off one's mind 使某人如释重负
[词语积累]
download v．下载
unload v．卸下
load v．装；装载 n．负载；负荷；负担
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The processes take place to stop our brains becoming ________ (load) with memories.
完成句子
②得知他们得到了优先权后我如释重负。
Knowing that they had got priority ______________________．
③不久，信息上传到电脑系统上。
The information is ________________ a computer system later.
8.exist vi.存在；生存 existence n．存在(尤指不幸的)生活 existing adj.现存的；现行的
exist in 存在于……中
exist on (＝live on) 靠……生存
[归纳拓展]
come into existence/being开始存在，出现(表示动作)
be in existence存在(表示状态)
the existing laws现行法律
There exist(s)...存在……(there be句型的变式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①“That is only evidence that traditions once ________ (exist)，” he said.
②A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and ________ (exist) relationships.
9.support v. &n．支持；支撑；资助 supporter n．支持者；拥护者 supportive adj.同情的；支持的
support sth./doing sth. 支持某事/做某事
support sb. in (doing) sth. 支持/赞成某人(做)某事
support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过(做)某事供养某人
support oneself 养活自己
support one's family 养家糊口
[归纳拓展]
in support of支持(＝in favour of)
win one's support赢得某人的支持(＝win support from sb.)
with sb.'s support在某人的帮助下(＝with the support of sb.)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50，000 ________ support ________ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
②From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours ________ (support) our family.
③The movie star gets a lot of support ________ her fans.
10.affect vt.影响(＝have an effect on) affection n．喜爱；钟爱
affect our lives 影响我们的生活
the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区
have a deep affection for sb. 非常喜爱某人
be affected by 被……打动
Apparently, blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.
按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用。
[归纳拓展]
effect n．影响，效果，作用
effective adj.有效的，生效的
greenhouse effect温室效应
have a great effect on对……有重大影响
in effect在实施中，有效；实际上
side effects副作用
take effect生效，起作用
affect其他意义：(感情上)深深打动；使悲伤(或怜悯等)(一般用被动语态)；(疾病)侵袭，感染
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing ________ (affect) performance.
②One of the ________ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.
③The rescue team hurriedly went to the areas ________ (affect) by the hurricane.
④I have a deep ________ (affect) for her.
⑤What he said to her had a great effect ________ her.
第二版块：重点短语
1．take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动) take an active part in积极参加
take part in the protest 参加抗议活动
take part in the sports meet 参加运动会
take part in the summer camp 参加夏令营
take part in sports and outdoor activities 参加体育和户外活动
[联想拓展]
take part in the Olympic Games参加奥运会(指参加集体性活动，重在说明参加者在其中发挥一定的作用)
join the army/the League参军/入团
attend the meeting参会
attend the wedding party参加婚礼
attend school/class上学/上课
attend a lecture听讲座
play a part in在……中扮演角色；对……起作用
[即学即练] 选词填空：take part in/join/attend
①Some of us were confident and eager to ________________ the class activity...
②You will be able to ______________ a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
③________ us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.
④I then made it a point to ________ those meetings and learn all I could.
2.be different from与……不同
differ from＝be different from 不同于……
differ in＝be different in 在……方面不同
tell the difference 辨别差别(这里tell当“辨别，识别”讲)
make a difference 有意义，起作用
a big difference between these two groups 两个群体间的巨大差异
[知识拓展]
A differs with B about/on/over sth.在……事上A与B意见不同
A and B differ as to/on sth.在……上A和B意见不同
I beg to differ.恕我不敢苟同。
[词语积累]
differ vi.相异；不同于
difference n．差别；不同
different adj.不同的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The style of the campus is quite different ________ that of most Chinese universities.
②Although all kites have a similar structure, they are widely different ________ size and shape.
③China differs ________ America ________ many aspects.
第三版块：典型句式
1．It's time for sth.到……的时间了。
(教材P113)And now it's time forAsktheExpert.现在是《询问专家》时间了。
[句式分析] “It's time for...”是常用句型，意为“到……的时间了”。
It's time (for us) to have class.
＝It's high/about time for us to have class.
＝It's high/about time that we had class.
＝It's high/about time that we should have class.
我们该上课了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time ________ (move) on to lunch.
②It was time for her ________ (have) a new baby, and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
③It's about time that we ________ (have) a rest.
2.动词＋it＋adj.＋to do
(教材P113)In my opinion, newspaper business will find it much harder to survive in the future.在我看来，报业会发现在未来更难生存。
[句式分析] it作形式宾语，可代替动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句，形容词作宾补，it和后面的形容词构成复合宾语。
具有类似用法的动词还有believe, think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等。
[教师提示] “动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do”结构可以转换成为“动词＋it is/was＋adj./n.＋to do...”形式。实际上前者和后者可以相互转换。如：,I found (that) it (was) difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I found it difficult ________ (follow) my teacher in the first English class.
②Both sides consider ________ desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples.
3.what引导名词性从句
(教材P113)Oh That is very different from what we do nowadays.哦？那和现在很不一样。
[句式分析] what引导名词性从句：what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，what可译成“……的东西/事情”等。
What made my mother upset was that my younger brother was ill.让我妈妈不安的是我弟弟病了。(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语)
I trust my teacher, so I believe what he said.
我信任我的老师，所以我相信他说的话。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
The singer is no longer what he used to be 10 years ago.
这位歌手不再是10年前的样子了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
I have no idea what has happened to him.
我不知道他发生了什么事。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作主语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
②We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.
③“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
④Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is the only one to ________ (幸存) the explosion.
2．The corporation discussed business and concluded transactions with us on the ________ (地点).
3．He had heard that the local newspaper was ________ (做广告) for another critic.
4．Two technical workers were preparing a videotape ________ (录制品) of last week's programme.
5．Their expanding business became a large ________ (大型公司) in 1996, which has a high rating in the country.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Hundreds of technical designs are ________ (upload) every day and shared across the Internet.
2．It was definite that much of what they ________ (record) was far from the truth.
3．There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to ________ (interact) fun, so there's something for everyone!
4．The parents were asked to interact ________ their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
5．However, her children have learned an important lesson ________ (witness) their mother earn her degree.
6．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
7．A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ________ (advertise) as lost in the local paper.
8．We all assumed there would be one in the flat when we moved in, because that's what we read from the ________ (advertise) in the newspaper.
9．My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man ________ (hold) a piece of paper.
10．The box-office income of Chinese movies ________ (witness) a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.
Ⅲ.短语填空
on the spot, interact with, be different from, take part in, cut out
1．The candidates are expected to ________________ other people in the activity.
2．You can ________________ multi-player games either on a LAN network or via the Internet.
3．James was called to see the respected producer and got the job ________________．
4．Her version of events ________________ what actually happened.
5．You'd better ________________ the last two paragraphs of your biography.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他不但读了这本自传，而且记得所读的内容。
He not only read the autobiography, but also remembered ________________________．
2．裁判发现无法把两位候选人分出高下。
The judges ____________________________ the two candidates.
3．从政四十年，我想现在也该退休了。
After forty years in politics I think ______________________ to retire from the work.
4．作决定时要考虑候选人的经历和资格。
________________ the candidates' experience and qualifications ________________ will be taken into consideration when the decision is made.
5．这是今天早晨5点钟时四大城市的气温记录。
________________ the temperatures recorded at the four cities at 5 o'clock this morning.
Part C Lesson 2 Questions about Media
双基夯实·课前排查
1．高清晰度的 2.大型公司；企业集团 3.亲身经历；目击 目击者；证人 4.地点 发现；注意到 5.为……做广告 advertising 6.录制品 record 7.(使)上载，上传 上载(上传)的信息 download 8.互动的，交互的；合作的 ①交流；交往 ②交流；相互影响
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．①advertised ②advertiser advertisements ③advertising
2．①are witnessing ②to ③has witnessed ④a witness to bear/give witness to
3．①where ②coming ③on ④on the spot ⑤on the spot
4．①in the process of ②process ③processed
5．①comment on ②comments ③on ④that had yet been made
6．①without ②survived ③by ④survival ⑤survival
7．①loaded ②took a load off my mind ③uploaded to
8．①existed ②existing
9．①in of ②to support ③from
10．①affects ②effective ③affected ④affection ⑤on
第二版块：重点短语
1．①take part in ②take part in ③Join ④attend
2．①from ②in ③from in
第三版块：典型句式
1．①to move ②to have ③should have/had
2．①to follow ②it
3．①What ②what ③what ④what
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．survive 2.spot 3.advertising 4.recording 5.corporation
Ⅱ.
1．uploaded 2.recorded 3.interactive 4.with
5．witnessing 6.where 7.advertised 8.advertisement
9．holding 10.witnessed
Ⅲ.
1．interact with 2.take part in 3.on the spot
4．is different from 5.cut out
Ⅳ.
1．what he had read 2.found it impossible to separate
3．it's time for me 4.It is that 5.Here arePart D Lesson 3 The Advertising Game
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式 语法
locate, suitable, attract, budget, competitive, combine, link, profit, participate originate from, consist of, combine...with/and... 1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句； 2．不定式(短语)作目的状语 it, used to和would的用法
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．freedom n. ________________
2．fundamental adj. ________________
3．sew vi. &vt. ________________
4．budget n. ________________
vi. &vt. ________________
5．visual adj. ________________
6．boost n. ________________
vt. ________________
7．link vt. ________________
n. ________________
8．anticipate vt. ________________
9．welfare n. ________________
10．neighbourhood n. ________________
11．sponsor vt. ________________
n. ________________
12．advertisement n. ________________
advertiser n. ________________
13．agency n. ________________
________________ n. 代理人
14．commercial adj. ________________
commerce n. [U]________________
15．technological adj. ________________
________________ n. 技术
16．originate vt. ________________
①________________ n. 起源
②________________ adj. 起初的，最早的
17．locate vt. ________________
________________n. 位置
18．suitable adj. ________________
suit vt. ________________
be suitable ________ 适合……
19．attract vt. ________________
①________________ n. 吸引力
②________________ adj. 诱人的，有吸引力的
20．competitive adj. ________________
①________________ vi. 竞争
②________________ n. 竞争
③________________ n. 竞争者
[词语积累]
[1] fundamental/ f nd 'mentl/adj.根本的；基本的；基础的
be fundamental to是……的基础，对……至关重要
[2] promote vt.提升；促销
[3] agency/'e d nsi/n.代理处
[4] commercial/k 'm l/adj.商业的，商务的
[5] go through经历
[6] process n．过程
[7] technological/ tekn 'l d k l/adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的
technological development技术发展
[8] classic adj.古典的；经典的
[9] certain adj.某些；特定的
[10] originate/ 'r d ne t/vt.创始，创造
[11] sew/s /vi. &vt.缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补
[12] locate/l 'ke t/vt.位于
[13] suitable/'su t b l/adj.合适的，适宜的
be suitable for...适合……
[14] particularly adv.尤其；特别
[15] attract / 'tr kt/ vt.吸引
attract the attention of...吸引……的注意力
[16] consist of由……构成
[17] present-day adj.当今；今天
[18] advertiser/' dv ta z /n.广告商
[19] budget/'b d t/n. 预算 vi. &vt.把……编入预算
[20] boost/bu st/n.增长；vt.促进，推动
[21] visual/'v u l/adj.视觉的，视力的
visually/'v li/adv.表面上，外观上
[22] separate v．分开；隔开
separate...from...把……与……区别开来
[23] stand out突出
[24] competitive/k m'pet t v/
adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的
[25] combine/k m'ba n/vi. &vt.(使)结合，(使)组合
combine...with...把……和……结合起来
[26] freedom/'fri d m/n.自由
[27] approach n．方法
[28] genuinely/'d enju nli/adv.真正地
[29] link/l k/vt.把……联系起来n.联系，关联
be linked with与……有关
[30] anticipate/ n't s pe t/vt.预期，预料
[31] profit/'pr f t/n.利润，收益，盈利
[32] welfare/'welfe /n.幸福，健康；福利
[33] participate/pɑ 't s pe t/vi.参加，参与
participate in参与，参加
[34] neighbourhood/'ne b h d/n.社区，住宅小区，街坊
[35] decade n．十年
over the last decade在过去的十多年，常和完成时连用。
[36]sponsor/'sp ns /vt.赞助，资助；为……担保n.赞助商；资助者
The advertising industry started with the fundamental[1] purpose of promoting[2] and selling goods to people who might need them 【1】. Advertising agencies[3] would create a basic type of advertisement known as a commercial[4] advertisement 【2】. Such advertisements have gone through[5] a process[6] of change over the years along with social, economic and technological[7] developments.
【1】who might need them是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。
【2】过去分词短语known as...在句中作后置定语，修饰a basic type of advertisement。
Classic[8] advertisements used to give information about finding certain[9] products. It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated[10] 【3】. For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing[11] Machines”， or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”. From the name you would know what the company sells, where they are located[12]， and the name of the product 【4】．
【3】这是一个主从复合句。主句句式结构为It was likely to do...，意为“有可能……”；part of which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the name of a company; from which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the place。
【4】这是一个主从复合句。what和where引导的从句作动词know的宾语。
Advertising agencies used to create this kind of advertising and it could be very effective. But then they realised that it might not be suitable[13] for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other 【5】. Particularly[14] now, in modern times, advertisements need to attract[15] and hold the attention of the public. For this reason, it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of[16] pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is 【6】 . Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at. As present-day[17] advertisers[18] often have large budgets[19]，huge amounts of money are spent on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible 【7】. However, even this is often not enough to be noticed in a modern city.
【5】这是一个主从复合句。连词that引导从句作动词realised的宾语；关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a marketplace。
【6】这是一个主从复合句。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词advertisements；连接副词how引导从句作动词show的直接宾语。
【7】这是一个主从复合句。第一个As在句中引导原因状语从句； huge amounts of修饰主句的主语money，故其谓语动词使用复数形式；as...as possible，意为“尽可能……”。
Because of the boost[20] in advertising, people are used to seeing a high standard of visual[21] design. Modern advertisements need something else to separate[22] them from their competitors. To stand out[23] in a world of competitive[24] advertising, they must combine[25] the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product” 【8】. For example, some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free 【9】. That is, they use the concept of freedom[26] to sell the car. Other common ideas include happiness, wealth and success. In fact, in the world of advertisements, such content is as old as advertising itself.
【8】不定式短语To stand out in...和to make people believe...在句中作目的状语；连接词that在句中引导从句作动词believe的宾语。
【9】连词that在句中引导从句作动词suggest的宾语；动名词短语buying a car在从句中作主语。
For many of today's advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successful approach[27]. Ideas that would work in the past genuinely[28]【10】 are not as effective now. They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked[29] with the product is【11】—most people know and anticipate[30] that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product. Instead, these advertisers look for other ways to make people notice their products. The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important 【12】. Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting【13】. By doing this，they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something!
【10】that would work in the past genuinely是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Ideas，that在从句中作主语。
【11】连词that引导从句，作动词realise的宾语；从句中it作形式主语，连接副词how引导的从句作真正的主语；过去分词短语linked with the product作后置定语，修饰the idea。
【12】连词that引导从句，作动词believe的宾语；在that引导的从句中，动名词短语using humour...作主语，故使用第三人称单数形式is。
【13】这是一个主从复合句。主句中不定式短语to create something作表语；and连接两个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词something。
However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit[31]【14】. Some advertisements nowadays aim to make a contribution to society and welfare[32]. For example, there are public advertisements, which encourage citizens to participate[33] in improving their neighbourhood[34], protecting the environment, and helping other people 【15】. Over the last decade[35], the government has sponsored[36] advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking, etc. These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be ignored by most people, and this has made our society a better place for everyone 【16】．
【14】not all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
【15】这是一个主从复合句。关系代词which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词advertisements；动名词短语improving...protecting...and helping...作介词in的宾语。
【16】这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中含有关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词topics。
广告业的根本目的是向潜在消费者推销商品。广告代理公司创造出一种基本的广告形式，也就是我们所熟知的商业广告。与社会、经济和技术发展过程同步，多年来这些广告经历了一个变化的过程。
以前，经典的广告会给出识别某种产品的信息。这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地，比如，“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒公司”。一看名字，你就知道这些公司销售的具体产品、所在地点以及产品名称。
广告代理公司过去常制作这种广告，而且效果很好。但后来他们意识到，在产品与服务直接竞争的市场上，这种广告类型可能不太适合。特别是在当代社会，广告需要吸引、保持公众的注意力。因此，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片、文字，向人们展示产品有多棒。还有一些广告代理公司试图制作具有观赏性的广告。现在的广告客户通常预算充足，他们会花大笔的钱采用现代设计技术，让广告更具视觉吸引力。但即便是这种广告方式在现代城市中也不足以引起消费者的注意。
因为广告业的迅速发展，人们早已对那些高水准的视觉设计习以为常。现代广告需要另外一些东西，以便将它们与其他竞争者区别开来。为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。例如，一些广告可能会暗示买车能让你自由。也就是说，广告代理公司借用自由的概念销售汽车。其他常见概念销售包括幸福、财富和成功。事实上，在广告界中，这些概念和广告业一样历史悠久。
对很多今天的广告商而言，重复过去的广告并不会获得成功。过去可行的想法，放到现在并不一定有效。他们意识到与产品关联的概念有多么吸引人并不重要——大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让客户购买产品。于是，广告商转而通过其他方式让消费者注意到自己的产品。当今顶级广告商认为广告要用幽默、新颖、奇特的创意给人们带来惊喜。他们的目的是创造一些人们从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣，进而让消费者忘记有人在试图向他们推销商品！
然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品与服务。现在还有一些广告的目的在于为社会和福利作贡献，比如公益广告，它鼓励市民参与改善社区、保护环境和帮助他人的活动。过去的十多年里，政府赞助了一些公益广告，教育公众防治艾滋病，呼吁民众节约用水、帮助贫困人口、戒烟等。这些广告帮助公众增强对以往被大多数人忽视话题的公共认知，也让我们的社会更加美好。
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．According to the writer, advertisements like “Shanghai Sewing Machine” or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”are ________．
A.attractive B．suitable
C．competitive D. classic
2．Nowadays, advertisements with ________ are more attractive to people.
A．high standard of design
B．ideas linked to the products
C．high standard of design and ideas linked to the products
D．concepts of freedom, happiness, wealth and success
3．Public advertisements are made to encourage people to ________．
A.make contributions to society
B．protect the environment
C．improve their neighbourhood
D．help other people
4．The government uses public advertisements to do the following except ________．
A．educating the public
B．increasing public knowledge
C．making our society a better place
D．making a profit
5．What does the text talk about
A. How to make an attractive advertisement.
B. The development of advertisement.
C. What a good advertisement is like.
D. Not all advertisements aim to make a profit.
第一版块：重点单词
1．fundamental adj.根本的；基本的；基础的 n．基本原理，基本原则；基础 fundamentally adv.基本地
(教材P58)The advertising industry started with the fundamental purpose of promoting and selling goods to people who might need them.广告业的根本目的是向潜在消费者推销商品。
be＋adj.＋to结构
be similar to 与……相似
be harmful to 对……有害
be important to 对……来说是重要的
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
It is well-known that vocabulary is fundamental to English learning.众所周知，词汇量对于英语学习是至关重要的。
[用法详解]
(1)adj.根本的；基本的；基础的
搭配：be fundamental to是……的基础；对……至关重要
a fundamental difference in opinion看法的根本区别
fundamental skills/questions/ways基本技巧/问题/方法
a fundamental principle基本原则
(2)n. [C][常用复数]基础，基本原理
the fundamentals of physics物理学的基本原理
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Color is fundamental ________ home design—something you'll always have in every room.
②It is well-known that water is fundamental ________ survival.
③Success depends ________ (fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
完成句子
④We need to ______________________________________ (做出根本改变) to the way in which we treat our environment.
⑤Water appeared on the planet, which ______________________________________ (对……至关重要) the development of life.
2.locate vt.位于；找出……的准确位置 located adj.位于，坐落在
(教材P58)From the name you would know what the company sells, where they are located, and the name of the product.
一看名字，你就知道这些公司销售的具体产品、所在地点以及产品名称。
be located in/on/at 位于……，坐落在……
conveniently/ideally located 坐落于方便的/理想的位置
well-located buildings 位置好的建筑群
location n. 地点，位置
The analysis suggested that they were mostly located in forests that were at least 100 years old.
分析表明，它们主要分布在至少有100年历史的森林中。
The police soon located the spot where the accident happened.警察很快就找到了事故发生的地点。
We couldn't locate the source of the radio signal.
我们无法确定无线电信号的来源。
[学法点拨] 短语be located in中located为过去分词转化来的形容词，侧重于表示主语的状态，常见的还有be dressed in (穿着……的)，be lost in (迷路的；迷惘的)，be faced with (面对)等。
be situated in/on/at...
lie on/in...
位于……
the exact/precise location确切位置
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The Great Wall, with a history of more than two thousand years, ________ (locate) in northern China.
②________ (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
③________ (lose) in the forest, we had to remain where we were, waiting for help.
④Faced ________ such a confusing situation, she had no alternative but to wait.
⑤Fire extinguishers are ________ (locate) on each floor and in each apartment.
完成句子
⑥每当你搬到一个新的区域，你应该找到火警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever you move to a new area, you ________________ the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
3.attract vt.吸引；引起；招引 attractive adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的 attraction n．吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物
(教材P59)．..advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public.……广告需要吸引、保持公众的注意力。
attract sb./sth. 吸引某人/某物
attract one's attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to a place 吸引某人到某地
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
attract/draw one's attention to 把某人的注意力吸引到……上来
an attractive woman 妩媚的女子
a big house with an attractive garden 带有美丽花园的一所大宅
The breakthrough in cloning has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world.
克隆技术的突破吸引了全世界科学家的关注。
The vivid plot attracts many a reader to the novel.
生动的情节吸引了许多读者关注这部小说。
Shangri-La, full of attraction, is so attractive that it attracts visitors from all over the world.
充满魅力的香格里拉吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
[词语积累]
(1)attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；名胜；吸引人之物
the main attraction主要景点
tourist attractions旅游胜地
a tourist attraction一个旅游景点
(2)attractive adj.有吸引力的
be attractive to对……有吸引力
[学法点拨]
attraction作“名胜，吸引人之物”讲时是可数名词；而作“魅力，吸引力”讲时是不可数名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①ChinaToday ________ (attract) a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
②________ (attract) by the performance of the brilliant comedian, he has made up his mind to go to the theatre a second time.
③Sichuan Province is rich in tourist ________ (attraction) and enjoys many world-famous places of interest.
④Sitting on the grass and enjoying the tasty food, we will be fully absorbed in the ________ (attract) performances.
用attract的适当形式完成下面语段
⑤What ________ me most in Beijing is that there are many ________， like the Great Wall and the Summer Palace. They are so ________ as to ________ eyes from every corner of the world.
4.budget n．预算 vi.&vt.把……编入预算；谨慎花钱
(教材P59)As present-day advertisers often have large budgets...现在的广告客户通常预算充足……
a monthly/an annual/a family budget 每月/年度/家庭预算
the education/defence budget 教育/国防预算
a big-budget movie 一部巨额预算的电影
budget cuts 预算削减
on/within budget 在预算内
over budget 超出预算
on a tight budget 钱不多的，预算紧张的
There is an advertising budget of $2 million.
广告预算是两百万美元。
They have rebuilt the old church located at the foot of the mountain on a tight budget.
他们在预算紧张的情况下重建了山脚下的教堂。
It is said that the company will budget $2 billion to advertise their products to enhance their reputation.
据说该公司将拨出20亿美元的预算用于为其产品做广告，以提高其声誉。
Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless.
管理家庭预算一定是一项非常艰巨的任务，但她做起来却显得轻松自如。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on ________ budget.
②The work was finished on time and ________ budget, which made them in a good mood.
③They felt depressed, because they went ________ budget.
④Three members of the committee insisted that a lot more money should ________ (budget) for the introduction of the new technique.
完成句子
⑤……她在最近扮演的角色中起劲儿地烹饪——向家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味又营养的饭菜。
...she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals ________________________．
5.combine vi.&vt.(使)结合，(使)组合
(教材P58)To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of creative ways to...为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准设计与创造性的方法结合起来，……
combine with 与……结合起来
combine A and/with B 把A和B结合起来
combine work with pleasure 把工作和乐趣融合在一起
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事
be combined with 与……相结合
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氢与氧化合成水。
Cross talk combines storytelling with imitating as well as playing jokes and singing.
相声把说学逗唱结合在一起。
He raised money for the local primary school in combination with his friends.
他与朋友们一起为当地小学筹款。
[知识拓展]
combination n．结合，联合，混合
in combination with与……结合
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The beautiful scenery, combined ________ delicious food and lovely weather, made our visit to Hawaii unforgettable.
②In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, ________ (combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
③Technology as well as good management is a winning ________ (combine).
④It is possible to combine a career ________ being a mother, so there is no need for you to quit work.
⑤The study of traditions should be combined ________ practice.
⑥Skilled workers also ________ various hardwoods ________ (把……和……结合起来) metal to create special designs.
6.link vt.把……联系起来 n．联系，关联；纽带
(教材P59)They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is...他们意识到与产品关联的概念有多么吸引人并不重要……
把A与B连接/联系起来
link up (with) (与……)结合，连接
link the break-in to a similar crime
把这起强行闯入事件与一起类似犯罪活动联系起来
Regular air traffic links the city to the rest of the country.
定期班机把这座城市和全国其他地方连接起来了。
Professor Urata says many countries are eager to link up with East Asia because it is seen as the next growth center of the world.
浦田教授说，许多国家都渴望与东亚建立起联系，因为这个地区被视为下一个世界增长的中心。
A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.
一环薄弱，全链易断。
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
研究人员发现，外出就餐的增多和体重问题的增加有直接联系。
[知识拓展]
the close link between teachers and students师生之间的紧密联系
there is a direct link between...and...……和……之间有直接的联系
[名师点津] “把A与B连接/联系起来”的其他表达法：
join A to B
connect A with/to B
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Owing to the nature of the Internet, we cannot guarantee that this site or the websites to which ________ (link) will be available to you.
②The police eventually found the proof—his fingerprints, which linked the suspect ________ the case.
③They need to budget a small step towards their new career or link up ________ someone like a career coach to map out the diversity of their options.
④Linking arms ________ one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
7.anticipate vt.预期，预料
(教材P59)．..most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make the customers buy the products.
……大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让客户购买产品。
anticipate doing sth. 期望做某事，预期做某事
With measurement, managers do not have to wait for problems to arise; instead, they can anticipate and quickly handle them.
使用度量，经理不必等待问题的出现；相反，他们能够预期并快速解决问题。
At that time we couldn't have anticipated the result of our campaign.
那时我们本不能预料我们这项运动的结果。
There's been an atmosphere of anticipation around here for a few days now.
一种期待的氛围在这儿已存在几天了。
[词语积累]
anticipation n．预料，预期；预感；预知；盼望，希望
in anticipation of期待，预期
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He bought extra food in ________ (anticipate) of more people coming than he'd invited.
②He didn't anticipate ________ advertising should account for half of their budget.
③They anticipate ________ (move) to a bigger house by the end of the year.
完成句子
④She tensed her muscles ________________________ (预计到) the blow.
8.profit n．利润，收益，盈利 v．有利于……，对……有利；获益
(教材P59)However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.
然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品与服务。
make a profit/profits 盈利
to one's profit 对某人有好处
profit forecast 利润预测
be driven by profit 受利润驱使
non-profit organisations 非营利组织
profitable adj. 有利润的，盈利的
a highly profitable business 一家盈利高的企业
If his programme is approved, they will make higher profits.如果他的项目得到批准，他们会赚取更高的利润。
The old man sold a precious vase at a profit.
这个老人卖了一个珍贵的花瓶并获利了。
They have profited from cooperation with an international corporation.他们从与一家跨国公司合作中获益。
[归纳拓展]
(1)n.利润，收益，盈利
make/earn a profit赚取利润 at a profit获利
(2)v.对……有用/有益
A profit (s) B A 有益于B B profit (s) from/by A B 从A中获益
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily ________ profit.
②He profited ________ selling his shares to other investors.
③—Is the architect still living in the house he designed
—No. He sold it at ________ profit.
完成句子
④Most people buy a house because they want to own a house, not because they plan ________________________ (赚取利润).
⑤People keep buying the items because they think they can ________________________ (获利卖出).
⑥认为艺术团体不能获利是错误的。
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot ______________________．
9.participate vi.参加，参与(＋in) participant n．参与者；参加者
(教材P59)For example, there are public advertisements, which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood...比如公益广告，它鼓励市民参与改善社区……
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事；同某人参与某事
participate in (doing) sth. 参加(做)某事(＝take
part in)
participant n. 参加者
participation n. 参与；分担
If possible, more people should participate in elections.
如果可能的话，应该有更多的人参与选举。
Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in the debate.希望全班同学都积极地参与辩论。
Kate has always participated fully in the school life.
凯特总是全身心地投入到学校生活中。
[易混辨析] 不一样的“参加”：participate, take part in, join与attend
(1)参加活动
take part in a competition/a TV debate/a sports meeting
参加比赛/电视辩论/运动会
(2)加入组织
join the army/Party/club参军/入党/加入俱乐部
(3)和他人一起
join in sth.参与某项活动；join sb. in doing sth.加入某人一起做某事
(4)出席到场
attend class/school/college上课/上学/上大学
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Because of her brilliant talent for dancing, the school picked her to participate ________ the national dancing competition.
选词填空：participate in/join/attend
②Rocket launching is a complicated process which requires the ________ (participate) of many staff members.
③With the intention of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival, a dragon boat race will be held and the related training will be provided for all the ________ (participate).
④To his satisfaction, his son ________ the navy in the end.
⑤Though disabled, he often ________(participate) some social activities in the community to help those who are less fortunate.
10.amount n．数量，数额 v．总计；等于
a large/small amount of... 大量/少量的……
in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
the amount of＋不可数名词 ……的数量
He gave a large amount of money to charity.
他向慈善机构捐了一大笔钱。
The company's profit amounts to one million dollars last year.那家公司去年的利润达到了100万美元。
He didn't say no, but his answer amounted to a refusal.
他没有说不，但他的回答相当于拒绝。
A large amount of money was spent on the new hospital
＝Large amounts of money were spent on the new hospital.
很多钱被花费在修建这座新医院上。
[教师提醒]
a large/small amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
large/small amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词
谓语动词的数与amount的单复数保持一致
a (large) quantity of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
a (large) quantity of＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语
(large) quantities of＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋复数谓语
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Today $8 or $10 seems a small ________ (数量) of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.
②Small ________ (amount) of caffeine —a cup or two of coffee a day —seem safe for most people.
③A large/good amount of money ________ (be) spent on the bridge.
＝Large/Good amounts of money ________ (be) spent on the bridge.
④At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted ________ 4.56 million...
第二版块：重点短语
1．base sth. on/upon sth.以……为……的基础/根据
以……为基础；根据
at the base of... 在……底部；在……基础上
base opinions on facts 以事实为依据
You should base your decision on all the available information.
你应该根据所有能够得到的信息做决定。
The movie is based on a true story.
这新电影是根据真实故事拍摄的。
The story has no basis in fact.这故事没有真实依据。
A good education gives us a good foundation for our future lives.
良好的教育为我们未来的生活打下良好的基础。
[易混辨析]
base, basis, foundation这三个词均有基础或根据的意思。base和foundation通常指实物的结构，而basis不能用来指实物的结构。
如：the base of a lamp落地灯的底座
the foundation of a building一建筑物的地基
foundation还可指某种稳定长久的东西。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①研究小组根据这项调查做了两份报告，但都没有包含任何有用的建议。
The research group produced two reports ________ the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
②我们应该把理论建立在实践的基础上。
We should ________ our theory ________ practice.
用base, basis或foundation填空
③The machine rests on a wide ________ of steel.
④The company's ________ is in Taipei, but it has branches all over the island.
⑤His theory has a solid ________ in fact.
⑥The ________ of a student in education is the same as the ________ of a building. Both of them are very important.
2.consist of由……构成，由……组成
(教材P59)For this reason, it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts...因此，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片、文字……
consist in＝lie in 在于，存在于
consist with (＝be consistent with) 与……一致
consistent adj. 一致的
consistency n. 一致性，同一性
It took them three days to complete the project consisting of three complicated procedure.
他们花了三天时间完成了这个由三个复杂程序组成的项目。
The medical team consists of 11 members.
＝The medical team is made up of/is composed of 11 members.
这支医疗队由11名成员组成。
Life has taught us that love does not consist in staring at each other, but rather in looking in the same direction together.
生活告诉我们，爱不在于相互注视，而在于朝同一个方向望去的过程。
[易错提醒]
consist of不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，但可用consisting作非谓语动词；表示被动意义时常用be made up of和be composed of。
[联想拓展]
consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behaviour ________ (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering.
②The beauty of the city consists ________ its magnificent buildings.
③The results are entirely ________ (consist) with our earlier research.
④It is reported that the new council would consist ________ about 20 finance ministers.
⑤We need to ensure the ________ (consist) of service to our customers.
完成句子
⑥Five people ________ (组成) the team; in other words, the team ________ (由……组成) five people.
⑦More often than not, what the stubborn man does ________________ (与……一致) what he says.
3.in competition with与……竞争
(教材P58)But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other.但后来他们意识到，在产品与服务直接竞争的市场上，这种广告类型可能不太适合。
enter a competition 参加比赛
hold a competition 举行竞赛
fair competition 公平竞争
a fierce competition 激烈的竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
[归纳拓展]
compete with/against sb. for sth.为了某物与某人竞争
compete in参加……比赛/竞赛
compete to do sth.竞相做某事
compete for为争取……而竞争
compete in the Olympic Games参加奥运会
[即学即练] 完成句子
①它们为了当主办城市互相竞争。
They were ______________________ each other for the host city.
单句语法填空
②________ (compete) between small and big farms is fierce.
③As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete ________ herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.
4.separate...from...把……和……分开
(教材P59)Modern advertisements need something else to separate them from their competitors.现代广告需要另外一些东西，以便将它们与其他竞争者区别开来。
separate from the rocket 与火箭分离
separate the land from the island 把陆地和岛屿分开
separate the good from the bad 把好的和坏的分开
divide them into six groups 把他们分成六个小组
divide sth. between/among sb. 在……之间平分某物
Those suffering from this disease were separated from the other patients.
那些患这种病的人同其他病人隔离开来。
We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us.
当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获很多。
[易混辨析] separate与divide
separate指把原来连在一起的东西分开，与介词from连用，构成separate A from B短语
divide指把整体分成若干部分，与介词into连用，构成divide sth. (up) into...把……分成若干部分
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate ________ one another at times.
②Our teacher divided the students ________ 6 groups.
③The two sisters divided the chocolates ________ them.
④The three children divided the cake ________ them.
5.go through经历；通过；仔细检查；完成；用完
(教材P58)Such advertisements have gone through a process of change over the years along with social, economic and technological developments.与社会、经济和技术发展过程同步，多年来这些广告经历了一个变化的过程。
go through many difficulties 经历很多困难
go through one's papers 仔细检查试卷
go through the task 完成任务
go through all one's saving 花光所有积蓄
As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
当你看完这本书时，你会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每个人都有不同的经历。
[常见搭配] 其他与go有关的短语
go ahead先走；开始做；请吧，说吧
go over复习；检查
go against；违背；违反
go by(时间)过去，遵循
go down下降，下跌
go out出去；(灯、火)熄灭
go in for爱好；从事
[即学即练] 完成句子
①在通往成功的路上布朗先生经历了很多困难。
Mr Brown ________________ lots of difficulties during his journey to success.
②你最好再把作业仔细检查一遍，确保没有漏掉什么。
You had better ________________ your homework again to make sure that nothing has been missed.
③这学期的计划必须经过学校领导小组(的批准)。
The plan for this term will have to ________________ the leading group of the school.
6.stand out明显；显眼；突出；杰出
(教材P59)To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to...为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，……
stand up for 支持；维护
stand still 站着不动；静止不动
can't stand 无法忍受；难以容忍
stand out among the candidates 在众多候选人中脱颖而出
She always stood out in a crowd.她在人群中总是显得很突出。
I can't stand for your rudeness.我忍受不了你的粗鲁。
[归纳拓展]
stand for代表；支持；容忍
stand by支持；袖手旁观，仍然遵守诺言
[即学即练] 完成句子
①需要重新思考——并且随着一种新方法开始变得明显起来，有两种观点脱颖而出。
A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas ________________．
②正如人们所期望的那样，他的写作通常是清晰的，公平地说，有些章节比其他章节突出。
As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and to be fair, some chapters ________________ above the rest.
第三版块：典型句式
1．Sb./Sth. be likely to...某人/某物有可能……
(教材P58)It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated.这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包括产品的原产地。
be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)可能做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
It is possible/probable that... 可能……
be unlikely to do sth. 不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that... 不大可能……
There is no doubt that staying up is more likely to result in overanxiety.毫无疑问，熬夜更有可能导致过分焦虑。
You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her
我可以给她留言吗？
It's likely/possible/probable that they will come back next week.他们(很)可能下周回来。
[句式讲解]
likely的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible，probable通常只能用it作形式主语。
It is likely/possible/probable that sb. will do sth.
→It is likely/possible/probable (for sb.) to do sth.
→Sb. is likely to do sth.但Sb. is possible/probable to do sth. (×)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①...Mon-and-pop carmakers are unlikely ________ (beat) the biggest car companies.
②A great decline in young work force is likely ________ (occur) in Canada, for instance.
③He seems likely ________ (pass) the exam.
④________ is likely that the house prices will go up.
同义句转换
⑤You are likely to be admitted to your dreaming university if you study hard.
→______________________________________________________________
选词填空：likely/possible/probable
⑥He is more ________ to be put in prison if he doesn't stop doing things like this.
⑦It is ________ for him to be put in prison if he doesn't stop doing things like this.
⑧It is ________ that he will be put in prison if he doesn't stop doing things like this.
2.部分否定
(教材P59)However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.
然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品与服务。
Not all birds can fly.＝All birds can't fly.
并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
We are not always this busy！我们并不总是这么忙！
None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。
We know nothing about her family.
我们对她的家庭一无所知。
[归纳拓展]
总括性代词或副词与not连用时，表示部分否定。这类总括性词有all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, altogether等。
[误区警示]
全部否定：表示全部否定意义的词(none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, never等)与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①但我的生活并不总是那么美好。
But my life was ________________ so great.
②但并不是所有的城市都会在很长一段时期内发展缓慢。
But ________________ develop slowly over a long period of time.
③并不是每个人都能做到这一点——这需要多年的经验，但打印机使它变得容易。
________________ can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.
④我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。
________________ could persuade him into giving up smoking.
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
(教材P58)It was likely to be the name of a company, part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated.这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包括产品的原产地。
从语法角度来看，由于介词后面的成分是宾语，因此在其后使用的关系词也要有充当宾语的功能，先行词指人时关系词用whom，先行词指物时关系词用which。“介词＋关系代词”用来引导定语从句，不能单独作为一个完整的句子。
从介词使用的角度来看，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在选用介词时需要符合下列三种情况的其中一种：
与从句中的形容词或动词进行搭配：
In spring, the bear will leave the cave in which it has lived, hunting for food.
春天，这头熊会离开它一直居住的洞穴，前去觅食。
与先行词能够搭配成合适的短语：
After the customers leave the hotel, the waiter will immediately tidy the room in which they have slept.
顾客离开酒店后，服务员会立即收拾他们就寝的房间。
根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
He is wearing thick glasses, without which he will walk like a blind man.
他戴着厚厚的眼镜，不戴眼镜的话他走起路来就像盲人一样。
He came to the square on which a huge monument stood.
他来到了广场，那里矗立着一座巨大的纪念碑。(on which可以换成where，表意相近)
He climbed up to the top of the mountain, beyond which came a beautiful rainbow.
他爬上了山顶，山顶之上出现了一道彩虹。(beyond which 不能换成where，因为where本身不能体现beyond的含义)
I was grateful to that guy，with whose help I was inspired.
我对那个人心存感激，他对我的帮助让我受到了鼓舞。
[特别注意]
①不是所有的“介词＋关系代词”结构都可以替换成关系副词，比如where，when等。有时使用“介词＋关系代词”要比单独使用关系副词在表意上更具体，这时不可替换。
②有时“介词＋关系代词”中关系代词需要用whose，这种情况用于表示先行词和whose所修饰的名词之间存在从属关系。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The survivors were rescued by various firemen, with ________ they went through the barriers in the burning building.
②Tom bought a telescope, ________ which he could closely watch the stars.
③Stewart is a boss, in ________ company Steven has worked for years.
④There are five children in the Greens, ________________ the oldest is 19 years old.
⑤This is the job ________________ they have been sticking.
4.不定式(短语)作目的状语
(教材P59)To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”．为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。
不定式(短语)作目的状语，可以放在句尾，也可以放在句首，但放在句尾时，一般不用逗号与前面隔开。
To make it clear, you had better give an example.
＝You had better give an example to make it clear.
为了说得明白点儿，你最好举个例子。
In order to help those in need, large quantities of supplies have been sent to the flooded area.
为了帮助那些有需要的人，大量的物资已经被送往洪灾区。
Tom raised his hand high so as to/in order to be seen by the teacher.汤姆把手举高以便让老师看到。
[特别注意]
强调动词不定式(短语)所表示的目的时，可以用in order to或so as to接动词原形，但so as to do不能位于句首。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (help) the poor people, Tom spent several days making a budget without sleeping.
②During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
③Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metals ________ (create) special designs.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The agency is conveniently ________(位于)just a few minutes from the main station.
2．The hospital obviously needs to balance the ________ (预算)each year.
3．The film is directed with technical bravura (精湛) and ________ (视觉的)splendour (辉煌).
4．Economic theory suggests that the tourism will ________ (推动)the economy.
5．Candidates are selected for jobs on the results of a ________ (竞争性强的)examination.
6．Miss Parrish recently placed an ________ (广告)in the local newspaper for her new novel.
7．I explained that each critic had different ideas about what ________ (自由)was.
8．There is still a ________ (基本的)misunderstanding about the real purpose of the new version.
9．His function is vital to the accomplishment of the mission of the ________(代理处).
10．Computers account for 5% of the country's ________(商业的)electricity consumption.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In its new version，the magazine hopes ________ (attract) a much wider readership.
2．The authority must make ________ (suit) accommodation available to the family.
3．He told us that China's ancient sewing technology ________ (originate) in the Yellow River basin.
4．We will rely on scientific and ________ (technology) advancement, encourage the role of market mechanism and economic leverage (杠杆作用).
5．________ (fundamental), there are two appropriate approaches to the problem.
6．They'd love to have kids, but definitely, they don't want to give up their ________ (free).
7．It is anticipated in the business world that a satisfied customer is the best ________ (advertise).
8．And may I make so bold as to ask what agency ________ (sponsor) your husband's expedition
9．In a sense, this could ________ (genuine) be called public service advertisement.
10．In English study, visual reading must ________ (combine) with auditory reading.
Ⅲ.短语填空
consist of, stand out, participate in, be suitable for, separate from1.When the boosters have helped to lift a space station into orbit, they ________ it and return to the earth.
2．How do those graduates with technical skills ________ of the others
3．They actively ________ discussion forums, blogs and other interactive forums for dialogue.
4．Employers usually decide within five minutes whether a candidate ________ the job.
5．The costs of the network advertisement ________ the manufacture cost and the management one.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．仅用水泵将未经处理的污水排入海中是不够的。
________________________ to get rid of raw sewage by pumping it out to sea.
2．很可能你会需要志愿者来帮助组织活动。
________________________ you'll need volunteers to help organize activities.
3．随着中国的发展，中国与世界将更加紧密地联系在一起。
As China develops, it ______________________ the world.
4．并非所有医生都善于帮助病人做出选择。
________________________ skilled in helping their patients make choices.
5．当母亲建议她留下时，艾丽斯欣然允之。
When her mother suggested that ______________________， Alice willingly acquiesced.
Part D Lesson 3 The Advertising Game
双基夯实·课前排查
1．自由 2.根本的；基本的；基础的 3.缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补
4．预算 把……编入预算 5.视觉的，视力的 6.增长 促进，推动 7.把……联系起来 联系，关联 8.预期，预料 9.幸福，健康；福利 10.社区，住宅小区，街坊 11.赞助，资助；为……担保 赞助商；资助者 12.广告 广告商；登广告者 13.代理处，代理机构 agent 14.商业的，商务的 商务；贸易 15.技术的；科技的；工艺的 technology 16.创始，创造 ①origin ②original 17.位于 location 18.合适的，适宜的 适合 for 19.吸引 ①attraction ②attractive 20.竞争性强的，有竞争力的 ①compete ②competition ③competitor
语篇细研·教材精读
Ⅱ.
1．D 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．①in ②to ③fundamentally ④make fundamental changes
⑤was fundamental to
2．①is located ②Located ③Lost ④with ⑤located
⑥should locate
3．①attracts ②Attracted ③attractions ④attractive
⑤attracts attractions attractive attract
4．①a ②within ③over ④be budgeted
⑤on a tight budget
5．①with ②combining ③combination ④with ⑤with
⑥combine and
6．①are linked ②to ③with ④with
7．①anticipation ②that ③moving ④in anticipation of
8．①by ②from/by ③a ④to make/earn a profit ⑤sell at a profit ⑥make a profit
9．①in ②participation ③participants ④joined
⑤participates in
10．①amount ②amounts ③was were ④to
第二版块：重点短语
1．①based on ②base on ③base ④base ⑤basis
⑥foundation foundation
2．①consisting ②in ③consistent ④of ⑤consistency ⑥make up is made up of/consists of ⑦consists with/is consistent with
3．①in competition with ②Competition ③against
4．①from ②into ③between ④among
5．①went through ②go through ③go through
6．①stand out ②stand out
第三版块：典型句式
1．①to beat ②to occur ③to pass ④It ⑤It is likely that you will be admitted to your dreaming university if you study hard. ⑥likely ⑦possible ⑧likely/possible/probable
2．①not always ②not all cities ③Not everybody ④None of us
3．①whom ②through/with ③whose ④among/of whom
⑤to which
4．①To help ②to share ③to create
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．located 2.budget 3.visual 4.boost 5.competitive
6．advertisement 7.freedom 8.fundamental 9.agency mercial
Ⅱ.
1．to attract 2.suitable 3.originated 4.technological
5．Fundamentally 6.freedom 7.advertisement 8.sponsored
9．genuinely 10.be combined
Ⅲ.
1．separate from 2.stand out 3.participate in
4．is suitable for 5.consist of
Ⅳ.
1．It's not enough 2.It's very likely that 3.will be more closely linked with 4.Not all doctors are 5.she (should) stayPart E Grammar—it, used to和would的用法
(一)it的用法
1．it用作人称代词
(1)指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。
My friend offered me an amusing comic yesterday, and I like it very much.
我朋友昨天给了我一本有趣的漫画书，我非常喜欢它。
(2)指代性别不明的child或baby。
The comedian has given birth to a baby recently and it is very beautiful.
这位喜剧演员最近生了个孩子，很漂亮。
(3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。
—Who is waiting for you at the bus stop
谁正在公共汽车站等着你？
—I have no idea. It may be my brother.
我不知道，可能是我的哥哥。
(4)替代前文中的this，that。
This is your analysis Will you hand it in
这是你的分析吗？你要交上去吗？
(5)表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
It's ten o'clock.十点钟了。
It is a fine day today，isn't it
今天是个好天气，对吧？
It is five kilometres to the town from this village.
从这个村庄到城镇有五千米。
(6)用于某些句型。
It's time (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)到时间该做某事了。
It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.到某人该做某事的时候了。
It/This/That is/was the first/second...time that...这/那是(某人)第一/二……次……
It is/has been＋时间段＋since...自……以来已经有多长时间了。
It is five years since he was put into prison for abusing his power.
他因滥用职权入狱已有五年了。
[即学即练1] 匹配下面it的用法/单句写作
A．指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事
B．指代性别不明的child或baby
C．指代未出场的身份不明确的人
D．时间
E．距离
①—Who's that at the doorway
—It is the milkman.________________
②The antique is quite worthy，isn't it？________________
③The baby is crying. It might be hungry.________________
④What a long way it is from Beijing to London！________________
⑤It was nearly midnight when the circus finished the performance.________________
⑥他们结婚已经有5年了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑦到你该拿主意的时候了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑧这是他第一次被发现这么沮丧。
________________________________________________________________________
⑨这中年人到时间该升职了。
________________________________________________________________________
⑩书架上只剩下一本哲学书了。你能去帮我拿来吗？
________________________________________________________________________
2．it用作形式主语
it用作形式主语，常代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句。
(1)代替不定式(短语)
It was rare for the naughty boy to behave so well at school.
这个顽皮的男孩在学校表现得这么好是很少见的。
It's very kind of you to help me enthusiastically.
你热心地帮助我真好。
(2)代替动名词(短语)
常用于以下结构：
It's no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。
It is no use giving the candidate some advice.
给这位候选人提建议没有用。
(3)代替主语从句
It is necessary that you should consult your teacher about it.
关于这件事你有必要向你的老师请教。
It's a pity that the plan is too complicated.
真是遗憾，这个计划太复杂了。
(4)注意以下固定句型
It (so) happened that...碰巧……
It turns out that...结果是……
It occurred to sb. that...某人突然想起……
It is said reported/believed/hoped/well-known/suggested...that...
据说/据报道/人们相信/人人都希望/众所周知/有人建议……
It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
It turns out that the rating of the TV series is quite high.
结果表明这部电视剧的收视率相当高。
[即学即练2] 完成句子
①虽然中国的传统服装看起来更漂亮和时尚，但穿着它走来走去有点儿奇怪。
Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, ________________________ around in it.
②我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个以英语为母语的人学习真是太好了。
I badly need to improve my oral English, so ____________________ a native speaker of English to learn from.
③智能手机确实在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
________________________ a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
④作出假设很容易，但关键是如何把假设变成现实。
______________________ assumptions but the key is how to turn them into reality.
⑤据说这本书的情节是模仿了他的小说。
______________________ the plot in this book is modelled after his novel.
⑥________________________ (帮他没用) and it is apparent that he will make us disappointed.
3．it用作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面，it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
(1)动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb.＋) to do/从句
They considered it significant to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
(2)动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while...＋doing...
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为试图说服他们没有用。
(3)动词＋it＋介词短语＋that...
owe it to...that...把……归功于……
take it for granted that...想当然/认为……是理所当然的
He owes it to his doctor's care that the producer is quite well again.多亏他的医生的照料，这位制片人的身体又好起来了。
(4)动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if或when引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when从句”结构。
We would appreciate it if they could contribute more to the poor in the community.如果他们能够为社区的穷人捐献更多，我们将非常感激。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I owe ________ to my professor that I can make so great progress.
②She hates ________ when he criticised others without proof.
③I think it no use ________ (evaluate) our effort in this way.
④We all take it for granted ________ his measurement is right.
⑤________________________ (我将感激不尽) if you could take my application into consideration.
⑥He __________________________ (发现很难忘掉) the painful experience while he was staying in Africa.
4．强调句的用法
强调句就是把句中要强调的部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)放在it is/was和that/who之间，原句中剩余部分放在that/who之后。
(1)强调句的陈述句句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。
The 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
→It is in Beijing and Zhangjiakou that the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place. 2022年冬季奥运会将在北京和张家口举办。
【误区警示】
①强调句中的连接词只用that(指人或物)或who(只指人)，且都不可省略；②强调句可以强调主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语，强调谓语动词要用“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
Is it in Beijing and Zhangjiakou that the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place？2022年冬季奥运会是将在北京和张家口举办吗？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句句式：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
What's it that Professor Liu teaches us this year？刘教授今年要教我们什么？
When and where was it that you got to know the brilliant comedian
你在何时何地认识了这位才华横溢的喜剧演员？
Which actor is it that the critic targets this time？这个评论家这次批判的目标是哪个演员？
(4)含有not...until...的强调句句式：It is/was not until...that...
He didn't find he had left his bag in the taxi until he got home 30 minutes later.
→It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家30分钟后，他才发现把包落在了出租车上。
【学法点拨】强调句的判断方法：如果把强调结构去掉，句子的意思是完整、清楚的，句子结构也是完整的，这个句子就是强调句。如果把强调结构去掉，意思不通顺，结构也不完整，则句子不是强调句。
It was because he refused to obey the policeman that he was sent to the police station.他是因为拒绝服从警察(的命令)而被送到警察局的。
把强调结构去掉，则变为：
He was sent to the police station because he refused to obey the policeman.因为他拒绝服从警察(的命令)，所以被送到了警察局。
去掉强调部分后，句子意思通顺，结构完整，说明这是个强调句。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①What's more, it was your constant encouragement ________ inspired me to be confident.
②It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
③________ was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.
④It was when we were returning home ________ I realised what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
⑤It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
⑥It was not until he was exposed to an English environment ________ he realised the significance of it to his study.
They encountered each other in that supermarket.
⑦__________________________________ they encountered each other.(强调原句中的地点状语)
⑧__________________________________ they encountered each other？(把⑦变为一般疑问句)
⑨__________________________________ they encountered each other？(提问⑦句中的地点状语)
⑩He insisted that they should behave well in public.(强调句中的谓语动词insist)
He __________________________ that they should behave well in public.
(二)used to和would
1．used to的用法
(1)“used to＋动词原形”表示过去的习惯(现在不了)。
The old professor who has contributed greatly to the development of the university used to live in the campus.
那位为大学的发展做出了巨大贡献的老教授过去住在校园里。(现在不了)
(2) used to的疑问句有两种形式
①把used放到句首。
②借助助动词did并放到句首，把used变为use。
Used the old engineer to go to work by bus
＝Did the old engineer use to go to work by bus
那位老工程师以前乘公共汽车去上班吗？
【词语辨析】
(1) use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事
You can use the money the sponsor gave to buy some new equipment.
你可以用赞助商给的钱买一些新设备。
(2) be used to do sth.被用来做某事
Wood is used to make houses in this area.
在这个地区，木头被(人们)用来盖房子。
(3) be/get/become used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
The old man used to live in the peaceful mountain village. Now he is used to living in the noisy city.达位老者过去住在平静的山村里，现在他习惯住在喧闹的城市里。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①He used ________ (abandon) his work for several months at a time.
②He has lived here for five years. He is used to ________ (live) here now.
③我过去常常和我哥哥踢足球。
________________________________________________________________________
④他已经习惯了每周五下午参加课外活动。
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⑤那座位于我们学校东南角的房子可以用来储存书籍。
________________________________________________________________________
2．would的用法
(1)表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向，意为“过去常常”。
When he was in college, he would go to the library at weekends.
他在上大学时，总是在周末去图书馆。
(2) would是will的过去式，表示过去的意志或意愿，可用于多种人称。
He tried to persuade her to participate in the campaign，but she wouldn't.
他试图说服她参加这次活动，但她不想。
(3)表示说话人现在的意愿。
would like/love to do sth.想做某事，愿意做某事
I would like to sponsor the campaign aimed at arousing the public's awareness of environmental protection.
我愿意赞助这个旨在唤起公众环保意识的活动。
(4)表示向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉，也可表示委婉地提出看法、建议等。
Would you please pass me the book
请把书递给我好吗？
(5)用在虚拟语气中，表示与事实相反。
would do sth.将会……(实际上事情不会发生)
would have done sth.本来会……(实际上事情没有发生)
wouldn't have done sth.本来不会……(实际上事情发生了)
If I were you, I would give your daughter more freedom to participate in more activities.
如果我是你，我会给你女儿更多的自由去参加更多的活动。
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen the great writer.
如果你昨天来的话，你就会见到那位伟大的作家了。
[即学即练2] 完成句子
①在那些日子里她的女儿们偶尔去看望她。
Her daughters ________________________ from time to time in those days.
②我承诺会完成这项艰苦的工作。
I promised that I ________________________ the tough task.
③我想看一下他的杰作。
I ________________________ have a look at his masterpiece.
④你愿意让我详细解释一下这件事吗？
Would you like me ________________________ in depth
⑤去年如果没有那家大公司的赞助，我们公司就不会有这么多的利润。
If the corporation hadn't sponsored us last year, our company ________________________．
3．used to与would的用法比较
(1)相同点：两者都表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作或行为，常可换用。
When we were young, we would/used to go skating every winter.
我们年轻时，每年冬天都去滑冰。
(2)不同点
①used to表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，如今已不存在，与现在的情况形成对比；would表示过去某种特定情况下的活动，与现在没有联系。
Mr Li used to write many things on the blackboard. But now, he is used to making use of multimedia teaching system.
李老师过去常常在黑板上写很多东西。但现在，他已经习惯了利用多媒体教学系统。
He would go to some commercial activities as soon as he was free.
在过去他一有空就去参加一些商业活动。
②used to表示过去持续的状态或反复的行为；would只表示过去反复的行为，不表示状态。
I used to have a cat called Huahua.
我过去有一只叫“花花”的猫。
The young man would go hunting at weekends.
在过去这个年轻人周末总去打猎。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
①我过去常常买高尔夫球那么大的糖果。
I ________________ sweets the size of golf balls.
②当他陷入困境时他总是来找我。(现在未知)
He ______________ to me when he ran into trouble.
③他们过去常常通过志愿者工作来扩大服务(范围)。(现在不再这样)
They ________________ expand their services by volunteer work.
④上寄宿学校的时候，他是个令人头痛的学生。
When he was at boarding school, he ________________ a troublesome student.
语法专题一
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
2．Where is my timetable I remember I left ________ on my desk last night.
3．Someone has made the adaptations. Do you know who is ________？
4．I found ________ difficult to use an appropriate word to describe how I felt at that moment.
5．________ is my teaching style that is precisely similar to that of most other teachers.
6．________ is great fun to play chess with him because he is in high ratings.
7．I don't think ________ a good idea to find different versions of a book to read together.
8．How long is ________ since the novel was first published
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．新节目多久播出？
________________________ the new programme be broadcast
2．随着技术进步，现在已有可能找出大脑的不同功能。
________________________ to map the different functions of the brain with the technical improvements.
3．她的医生一直告诉她不要吃各种各样的垃圾食品，但这并不管用。
Her doctor keeps telling her not to eat diverse junk food, ________________________．
4．楼下的男人发现很难和他的邻居商量。
The man downstairs ________________________ to consult with his neighbours.
5．每周都喜欢在网上买东西的不是他。
________________________ likes purchasing things online every week.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．有必要立马派他过来。
________________________________________________________________________
2．有些老师发现很难保持课堂秩序。
________________________________________________________________________
3．人们的咳嗽声使得演讲者不能被听到。
________________________________________________________________________
4．我不会游泳让他大吃一惊。
________________________________________________________________________
5．外面很冷，你最好把小猫都聚在一起。
________________________________________________________________________
6．现在外面很热，所以你最好待到晚上。
________________________________________________________________________
7．我家离学校很近，所以我总是步行去上学。
________________________________________________________________________
8．知道自己的局限性很重要。
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语法专题二
Ⅰ.用used to, didn't use to或would完成下列句子
1．I ________ forget my hometown, until the teacher uploaded some pictures to his microblog.
2．He was a respected old man and his children ________ come and visit him every day.
3．To be honest, I feel less disappointed than I ________ be.
4．At some point kids start doing things they ________ do.They get precisely independent.
5．It should not be forgotten that they ________ get much more profit from the company.
6．I ________ live in Manchester, but I moved to a surrounding town of London last year.
7．When he was at school, he ________ learn political courses every Saturday.
8．She ________ hate her job until she got a promotion for her technical skill.
9．When he worked at the agency, he ________ sleep until noon at weekends.
10．My sister lived in commercial district for many years, but she ________ come home for Christmas.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．我过去相信每个人都像我一样诚实。
________________________________________________________________________
2．格林一家过去住在我们家隔壁。
________________________________________________________________________
3．我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。
________________________________________________________________________
4．他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。
________________________________________________________________________
5．夏天的晚上他们经常在花园里吃晚饭。
________________________________________________________________________
6．他以前经常踢足球，可那是很久以前的事了。
________________________________________________________________________
7．我曾经有一辆很旧的小汽车。
________________________________________________________________________
8．过去人们相信太阳绕着地球转。
________________________________________________________________________
9．过去我经常读很多小说，但是现在我没有时间读。
________________________________________________________________________
10．这个老人过去收集邮票，现在他把邮票都卖给我了。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
In a blog about English study, many students express 1.________ (they)biggest problems with learning English. Liu Wen used 2.________ (get)high marks in English, but he is, now, having much trouble 3.________ his listening. Jia Xin says that 4.________ (listen) to English radio programmes helps him get used to how fast native speakers talk, but how to make requests in English politely 5.________ (be) Jia Xin's biggest problem. As for this, Li Rui thinks it depends on 6.________ we're talking to. If we are talking to a close friend, we can use short requests, but if we're talking to someone who isn't very close or is senior 7.________ us, we must make our requests 8.________ (long). For Li Rui, vocabulary is her biggest problem and she can't remember how to use words 9.________ (proper). Can you give her some 10.________ (advise)
Part E Grammar—it, used to和would的用法
(一)
即学即练1 ①C ②A ③B ④E ⑤D ⑥It's five years since they got married. ⑦It is high time that you made up your mind. ⑧It is the first time that he has been found so frustrated. ⑨It is time for the middle-aged man to get promoted. ⑩There is only one philosophy book on the shelf. Can you fetch it for me
即学即练2 ①it is a little bit strange to walk ②it is great for me to find ③It is true that ④It is easy to make ⑤It is said that ⑥It is no use/useless helping him
即学即练3 ①it ②it ③evaluating ④that ⑤I'd appreciate it ⑥finds it difficult to forget
即学即练4 ①that ②that ③It ④that ⑤that ⑥that
⑦It was in that supermarket that ⑧Was it in that supermarket that ⑨Where was it that ⑩did insist
(二)
即学即练1 ①to abandon ②living ③I used to play soccer with my brother. ④He has got/been/become used to participating in after-class activities every Friday afternoon. ⑤The house located at the southeast corner of our school can be used to store books.
即学即练2 ①would visit her ②would accomplish
③would like/love to ④to explain it ⑤wouldn't have made such a profit
即学即练3 ①used to buy/would buy ②would come
③used to ④used to be
夯实基础·一遍落实
语法专题一
Ⅰ.
1．It 2.it 3.it 4.it 5.It 6.It 7.it 8.it
Ⅱ.
1．How soon will 2.It is now possible 3.but it doesn't work
4．found it hard 5.It is not he who
Ⅲ.
1．It is necessary that he should be sent here at once.
2．Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.
3．The coughs of the people made it impossible to hear the speaker.
4．He found it amazing that I couldn't swim.
5．It is very cold outside, you'd better huddle the little cats.
6．It is very hot outside now, so you had better stay till night comes.
7．It is so near between my house and school that I always walk to school.
8．It is important to know what your limitations are.
语法专题二
Ⅰ.
1．used to 2.would 3.used to 4.didn't use to 5.used to 6.used to 7.would 8.used to 9.would 10.would
Ⅱ.
1．I used to believe that everybody was as honest as I was.
2．The Greens used to live next door to us.
3．When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me.
4．He'd always be the first to offer to help.
5．On summer evenings they would have dinner in the garden.
6．He used to play football, but it was a long time ago.
7．I used to have a very old car.
8．People used to believe that the sun went around the earth.
9．I used to read many novels, but now I have no time to read them.
10．The old man used to collect stamps, and now he has sold his stamps to me.
Ⅲ.
1．their 2.to get 3.with 4.listening 5.is 6.whom/who
7．to 8.longer 9.properly 10.advice
