UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
人与社会——不同民族的文化习俗，健康的生活方式
【背景文化】
A Child of Two Cuisines
Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother，I've enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks①！
Mum has sweet memories of the food from her hometown in Sichuan, and often cooks spicy② dishes. Thanks to this, Dad has come to love hot pot！But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother's parents in China.He was even shocked at their wedding when he saw how the Chinese ate almost every part of an animal.Even today, he still does not easily take to eating things like chicken feet.
But I enjoy that sort of food myself. Last week, I went to the butcher's and asked，“Do you have pigs' ears？”“No，” the butcher said, pulling at his own ears，“just these ordinary ones.”He must have thought I was joking.
Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter—Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen! He also does a typical Sunday roast.We all love roast beef③ and vegetables，but Mum says we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies，according to traditional Chinese medicine.
I'll never forget my first visit to China. Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything.But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu④， a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.“You needn't try it if you don't want to，” Mum said, but I gathered all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn't so bad.It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I'll fall in love with stinky tofu—someday.
People say that one man's meat is another man's poison⑤，but I feel at home with food from both my cultures. To me, there's nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup!
(选自外研版新教材必修第二册 Unit 1)
词汇积累
①chopstick/'t pst k/n.筷子 ②spicy/'spa si/adj.辛辣的，(食物)加有香料的
③roast beef烤牛肉 ④stinky/'st ?ki/tofu/'t ufu /臭豆腐
⑤poison/'p z( )n/n.毒素；毒药
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
每/日/金/句：With the improvement of the living standards, more and more people, especially children, are suffering from obesity.
随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人正在饱受肥胖之苦，尤其是孩子。
课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What is the theme of the text
A．Food from different places.
B．Recipes for several delicious dishes.
C．The influence of diet on human culture.
D．What you eat determines your character.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) ________
Part 2 (Para.2) ________
Part 3 (Paras.3～6) ________
Part 4 (Para.7) ________
A．Culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
B．You are what you eat.
C．My experience of Chinese food in America.
D．My chance to experience authentic Chinese food in different parts of China.
Task 2文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 26～27 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Why does the author cite “You are what you eat”in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the theme of the article.
B．To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C．To show the impact of food on health.
D．To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
2．What is the most famous food in Shandong
A．Boiled dumplings. B．Roasted meat.
C．Stewed noodles. D．Pancake rolls.
3．Why do people in Xinjiang prefer their food to be cooked over an open fire
A．Because they like the flavour of boiled or roasted meat.
B．Because they traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
C.Because that way of cooking can bring the people together.
D．Because that way of cooking can show their character.
4．What is the author's opinion about culture and cuisine
A.Cuisine has nothing to do with culture.
B．The foods a person eats can reflect his personality vividly.
C.Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other.
D.Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region.
Task 3文本理解：续写佳句
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood.(细读短文并找出心理描写的句子)
(1)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe a person.(细读短文并找出人物描写的句子)
(1)______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 4阅读思维升华：主题实践
1.In China, if one is fond of having spicy food, which area might this person be from What kind of character may he or she have (Logical Thinking逻辑性思维)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you agree with the idea that “culture and cuisine go hand in hand”？ (Critical Thinking批判性思维)_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①cuisine [kw 'zi n] n．菜肴；风味；烹饪
②put more simply简单地说，简而言之
类似的表达还有to put it simply
③relate...to...把……与……联系起来
④refer to指的是；涉及；提及
⑤certainly (＝surely) adv.当然；无疑
⑥in many ways在许多方面
⑦in point相关的；恰当的；中肯的
⑧prior to在……之前的 (to是介词)
prior ['pra (r)] adj.先前的；优先的
⑨consist [k n's st] of 由……组成(或构成)
consist vi.由……组成(或构成)
⑩pepper ['pep (r)] n. 甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
recipe ['res pi] n．烹饪法；食谱
on the other hand另一方面
on the one hand...on the other (hand) 一方面……另一方面……
bold [b ld] adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事
have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事
recommend sb./sth.to sb.向某人推荐某人/某物(此处使用了被动语态)
chef [ ef] n．厨师；主厨
fill...with...用……装满……
peppercorn ['pep k n] n．胡椒粒
vinegar ['v n ɡ (r)] n．醋
observe v．看到；注意到；观察到
traditional adj.传统的；习俗的；惯例的
make dumplings包饺子
stuff [st f] vt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品
stuff...with...用……填满……
slice [sla s] n．(切下的食物)薄片
vt.把……切成薄片
slice...off切下
onion [' nj n] n．洋葱；葱头
as a result结果(副词短语)
as a result of因此，由于；作为……的结果(介词短语)
over/on an open fire在篝火上
such as例如
lamb kebab [k 'b b] 烤羊肉串
lamb [l m] n．羊羔肉；羔羊
on在此表示“继续”
elegant ['el ɡ nt] adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的
dim sum [ d m's m] n．点心(中国食品)
serving n．一份食物(供一个人吃的)
exceptional [ k'sep nl] adj.特别的；罕见的
varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的
minimum ['m n m m] n．最小值；最少量 adj.最低(限度)的；最小的
at a minimum至少
consume [k n'sju m] vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户
tend to (do)倾向于(做)，易于(做)
temper ['temp (r)] n．脾气；火气
a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子/火性子
lose one's temper发脾气
go hand in hand 密切相关，齐头并进
[原文呈现]
CULTURE AND CUISINE①
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote，“Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.[1]” Put more simply②，this means “You are what you eat.[2]” Most people today relate this saying to③ healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to④ our personality, character, and culture.
[1]本句为“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(常用一般将来时)”结构，and表示“顺承的结果”，or表示“否则”。
[2]本句中what引导表语从句，并在从句中作eat的宾语。
Certainly⑤，in many ways⑥ this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point⑦. Prior to⑧ coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes[3]. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of⑨ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers⑩[4]. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe ，however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand ，it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold ，simple flavours. And, since the dish was also invented recently, [5]it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
[3]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰Chinese food；定语从句用了过去完成时的被动语态，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的被动动作。
[4]此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰General Tso's chicken。其中，过去分词fried与过去分词短语covered in...及flavoured with...均作定语，修饰chicken。
[5]此处为since引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived[6] in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended[7] to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan peppercorns . The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
[6]此处为过去完成时，先于主句动作went发生，表示过去的过去发生的动作。
[7]此处为过去完成时的被动语态，表示先于found发生的被动动作。
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar [8]. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help[9]. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions [10].
[8]此处过去分词boiled和过去分词短语served with vinegar均作定语，修饰dumplings。
[9]此处为关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句；破折号中间的内容“from the youngest to the oldest”起解释说明的作用；“with everyone joining in to help”为with复合结构作状语。
[10]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰句子的表语pancake rolls。
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result , their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire —usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab .
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, [11] we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's
elegant dim sum —small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true：Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
[11]此处为省略引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰each place。
At a minimum , the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.[12] Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper [13] Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand , and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.[14]
[12]本句中“local people consume”为省略引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the kinds of food；三个what均引导宾语从句。
[13]本句中“who like bold flavours”和“who like spicy food”均是定语从句，分别修饰其前面的先行词those。
[14]本句中“What we can say”是what引导的主语从句，“that culture and cuisine go hand in hand”是that引导的表语从句；“if you do not...the other”中，if引导条件状语从句。
[课文翻译]
文化与美食
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。”简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。如今，大多数人把这句谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，实际上布里亚-萨瓦兰指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。
当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国菜已经做了改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”，它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此并不能让我们对中国人有多少了解。另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人有了很多的了解。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。
后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。当我和家人刚抵达中国时，便在北京寻找一个吃饭的好地方。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，我们根本不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们的桌子上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物妙不可言且与众不同，但更重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已成为一种华北人民最喜爱的传统食物，在这里包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动——无论老少——都会加入来帮忙。后来，我了解到，最有名的山东食物是煎饼卷大葱。
随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物是在篝火上烹制而成的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如烤羊肉串。
接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地的美食，从广东的精致点心——那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品——到河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物，人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。比方说，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气暴躁？也许是的，也许又不是。但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．Chinese ________ culture 中国的饮食文化
2．________ survey 先前的调查
3．hot red ________ 红辣椒
4．a new ________ 一个新的食谱
5．a top ________ 一名顶级大厨
6．a ________ of bread 一片面包
7．________ kebab 烤羊肉串
8．a ________ age limit 最低年龄限制
9．lose one's ________ 发脾气
10．a ________ sandwich 火腿三明治
11．home-made ________ 自制香肠
12．Chinese ________ 大白菜
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据语境写出相应的派生词
1．________ [k n's st] vi.由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的；连续的
2．________ ['el ɡ nt] adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly adv.优美地→elegance n．高雅
3．________ [ k'sep nl] adj.特别的；罕见的→exception n．例外
4．________ [k n'sju m] vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumer n．消费者；顾客→consumption n．消费；消耗
5．________ [ ved 'te ri n] n．素食者→vegetable n．蔬菜
构词规律
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
后缀“-al”常加于名词之后构成形容词。
exception → exceptional adj. 特别的， 例外的
person →________ adj. 个人的
continent →________ adj. 大陆的
region →________ adj. 地区性的
emotion →________ adj. 情绪的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 在……之前的
2．________________ 由……组成(或构成)
3．________________ 切下
4．________________ 更简单地说
5．________________ 适应/满足某人的口味
6．________________ 用……填满……
7．________________ 密切关联；息息相关
8．________________ 明证；恰当的例证
9．________________ 在户外的火堆上
10．________________ 往往会；常常会
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]祈使句＋and＋陈述句
[教材]Tell me what you eat, ________________ what you are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。
2．[句型]过去分词短语作后置定语
[教材]Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls __________________________________________．
后来，我得知山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
3．[句型]非限制性定语从句
[教材]For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, ________________________________________________， flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠甜辣鸡”，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
4．[句型]形容词和现在分词短语作状语
[教材] ____________________________，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
[句式分析]句中“Prior to coming to China”为________状语，“with Chinese food that...tastes”是with短语，修饰________，with短语里又包含一个that引导的________从句，修饰Chinese food。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
[句式分析]which引导____________从句，修饰先行词General Tso's chicken；过去分词短语“covered in a sweet sauce”和“flavoured with...peppers”作________，修饰fried chicken。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
[句式分析]“local people consume”为省略关系词that/which的________从句，修饰先行词the kinds of food；三个what引导的________从句作tell的宾语。
[翻译]_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P26)Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。
◎句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...＋主句；
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...＋主句；
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句。
[佳句] A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.
我认为再努力一点，你就能解决这个问题了。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Work hard，________ you will pass the exams.
②Hurry up，________ you will be late for class.
③Believe in yourself and work hard, and you __________ (achieve) your dream sooner or later.
[写美]——一句多译
给我一个机会，我会给你更多回报。
④________________________________________________________________________，
and I will reward you with more.
⑤________________________________________________________________________，
I will reward you with more.
2(教材P26)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国菜已经做了改变，以适应美国人的口味。
◎prioradj.先前的；优先的
be prior to 在……之前的；居先 (to为介词)
be senior to 比……大/年长；比……职位高
be junior to 比……小/年幼
[佳句] I had been living in Beijing for two years prior to meeting her.
在认识她之前，我已经在北京住了两年。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Prior to ________ (leave) for France, he has been exposed to various French traditional cultures.
②I was given the job, despite the fact that he is senior________ me.
[写美]——应用文之建议信
③所有的安排都应该在他们出发之前完成。
All the arrangements should have been completed____________________________．
3(教材P26)For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
◎consist of 由……组成(或构成)
(1)consist in 主要在于，存在于
consist with 和……一致；并存；相符
(2)be made up of 由……组成
be composed of 由……组成
[佳句] Our class consists of 50 lively boys and girls, who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
我们班由50名活泼的男生和女生组成，他们热情大方，乐于助人。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Life mainly consists ________ happiness and sorrow while happiness consists ________ struggle.
②As we all know, the beauty of Mount Tai consists ________ charming scenery and rich culture.
[写美]——读后续写之升华句
[2021·浙江卷写作]昨天在艺术中心举行了国画作品展，这次展览包括几十幅我校同学的杰作。
③A traditional Chinese painting exhibition ________________ dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(consist)
④A traditional Chinese painting exhibition ______________ dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(make)
⑤A traditional Chinese painting exhibition ______________ dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(compose)
4(教材P26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，我们根本不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们的桌子上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。
◎句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语
(1)形容词(短语)作状语，说明谓语动词发生时主语所处的状态；
(2)形容词(短语)作状语还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
[佳句] Cold, hungry and alone, I looked at the miserable garden, wondering about my future here.
又冷又饿，孤身一人，我望着那凄凉的花园，思索着我在这里的未来。(读后续写融情于景)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The boy lay on the sofa，________ (relax)．
②Hearing the news, she stood there，________ (surprise)．
[写美]——读后续写之心理描写
③他无法控制自己的情绪，大哭起来，以手掩面。
________________________________________________________________________， he burst into tears and buried his face in his hands.
5(教材P27)At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物，人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。
◎consumevt.吃；喝；饮；消耗；烧毁；毁灭
consumer n. 消费者；顾客
consumption n. 消费；消耗
[佳句] Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Most energy in the world ________ (consume) by some developed countries，America and Japan，for example.
②The________ (consume) of the resources on the earth is increasing at an alarming rate.
③There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to ________ (consume)．
6(教材P27)What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other.
但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
◎go hand in hand 密切相关，齐头并进
hand in hand 手拉手；联合
by hand 用手，手工的
from hand to mouth 仅够糊口地
on hand 在手头，现有；到场
on the other hand 另一方面
[佳句] As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand.俗话说，成功与失败总是相伴的。
[写美]——完成句子
①一方面，我们应该对未来乐观，另一方面，我们应该做好充分准备。(应用文之建议信)
On the one hand, we should be optimistic about our future and________________， we should make full preparations.
②毫无疑问，贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。
There is no doubt that poverty and poor health often________________.
③我们过着勉强糊口的日子，因此我们用手工做中国结来赚些额外的钱。
We lived________________， so we made Chinese knots ________________ to earn some extra money.
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1
1．C 2.B C D A
Task 2
1．A 2.D 3.B 4.C
Task 3
1．(1)Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order...
(2)With this，we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste...
2．(1)And，since the dish was also invented recently，it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
(2)Through food，Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
Task 4
1．This person might be from Hunan or Sichuan Province. He or she must be bold and forceful.
2．Yes. Basically, it's true. Because different cuisines are created depending on different weather, produce, religion and other factors.
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．cuisine 2.prior 3.pepper 4.recipe 5.chef 6.slice 7.lamb 8.minimum 9.temper 10.ham 11.sausage 12.cabbage
Ⅱ.
1．consist 2.elegant 3.exceptional 4.consume 5.vegetarian
构词规律 personal continental regional emotional
Ⅲ.
1．prior to 2.consist of 3.slice...off 4.put more simply 5.suit one's taste 6.stuff...with... 7.go hand in hand 8.a case in point 9.over an open fire 10.tend to
Ⅳ.
1．and I will tell you
2．stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions
3．which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce
4．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese
Ⅴ.
1．时间 America 定语 在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。
2．非限制性定语 后置定语 例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
3．定语 宾语 至少，当地人食用的食物种类告诉我们，他们在当地种植什么，过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢和不喜欢什么。
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1．①and ②or ③will achieve ④Give me a chance
⑤If you give me a chance
2．①leaving ②to ③prior to their departure
3．①of; in ②in ③consisting of ④made up of
⑤composed of
4．①relaxed ②surprised ③Unable to control his emotions
5．①is consumed ②consumption ③consumers
6．①on the other hand ②go hand in hand ③from hand to mouth; by handSection Ⅱ Learning About Language
每/日/金/句：In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up our body.
在我看来，我们应当努力养成健康的饮食习惯来增强我们的体质。
语法专项突破
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
[自主感知]
①Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
②When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
③A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it.
④Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
[自我发现]
1．以上句子中所用的时态都是________。
2．句②和句④中使用的是过去完成时态的________语态，其基本结构是________________。
3．句①和句③中使用的是过去完成时态的________语态，其基本结构是________________。
[语法规则]
一、概念?
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
二、基本结构?
主动语态 被动语态
肯定形式 had done had been done
否定形式 had not done had not been done
一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done
三、基本用法?
表示在过去某一时间或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语常有：by＋过去的时间点；by the end of＋过去的时间点；before＋过去的时间点；还可以通过上下文来暗示。
①I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
到昨天晚上九点，我已经读完了那本小说。
②More than three thousand English words had been learned by the end of last term.
到上学期期末已经学习了三千多个英语单词了。
③More than six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday.
在上周三前已经种了600多棵树了。
④They became homeless again, for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake.
他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。
⑤I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已经等了20分钟。
⑥The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
这个男孩被提醒还未交作业。
[巧学活用1]——单句语法填空
①[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]One morning she told her children about a family she ________ (visit) the day before.
②All the fine ladies and gentlemen of the countryside________ (invite) before the party began.
③[2020·天津卷，7月]The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph __________ (say)．
四、特殊用法?
1．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
②We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
2．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when.../no sooner...than... (一……就……); It was the first (second，etc.) time (that)．..等固定句型中。
③Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
④It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
[巧学活用2]——完成句子
①这是我第一次在公众场合被别人嘲笑。
It was the first time that I ____________________________________________________.
②我本打算周五下午和你一起去书店，但是发生了意想不到的事情。
__________________________________________________________ with you on Friday afternoon, but something unexpected happened.
③会议结束时宣布一项协议已经达成。
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that
________________________________________________________________________.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
语法专项突破
动词不定式(短语)作表语
[自我发现]
1．过去完成时 2.主动； had＋过去分词 3.被动； had＋been＋过去分词
[巧学活用1]
①had visited ②had been invited ③had said
[巧学活用2]
①had been laughed at by others in public
②I had intended to go to the bookstore
③an agreement had been reachedSection Ⅲ Using Language
每/日/金/句：A healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods rich in vitamins, fibre and mineral, and low in fat and calories.
健康的饮食包括吃各种富含维生素、纤维和矿物质、低脂肪和低卡路里的食物。
课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Read the text on Page 32 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What is the main cause of ill health
A．Taking too much sugar.
B．Eating too much fat.
C．Having too many calories.
D．Taking less exercise.
2．In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A.By eating extra desserts.
B．By overeating each meal.
C．Through vegetables and sweets.
D．Through sweets and sweet drinks.
3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A．What to eat to be fit.
B．When to eat each meal.
C．How to eat healthily.
D．The reasons to eat quickly.
4．What is the writer's attitude to eating
A．Eat to live. B．Live to eat.
C．Eat for fun. D．Eat to enjoy.
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①as to (＝as for)至于，关于
②make up组成，构成
③insist坚持说(后跟的宾语从句用陈述语气)；坚决要求(后跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气)
④driver n．[熟词生义]驱动因素
⑤killer n．杀手，导致死亡的人(或动物、事物)
⑥calorie ['k l ri] n．卡路里(热量单位)
⑦be likely to do sth.很可能做某事
⑧die from死于
⑨association [ s i'e n] n．协会；关联
⑩regardless of不管；不顾
regardless[r 'ɡɑ dl s] adv.不顾；不加理会
alone adj.唯一，仅仅，只有(常放在名词或代词后用来加强语气)
recommend vt.推荐，建议
recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do...建议某人做……
limit...to...把……限制
在……；局限于……
in other words换句话说
cut down on削减；减少
cut out停止做；删去，删除；裁剪
category ['k t ɡ ri] n．类别；种类
vitamin ['v t m n；NAmE'va t-] n．维生素
fibre (especiallyUS fiber)['fa b (r)] n．纤维；纤维制品
rather than而不是
quantity ['kw nt ti] n．数量；数额
large quantities of大量的
besides prep.除……之外还有 adv.而且
dairy ['de ri] adj.奶制的；乳品(业)的 n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
as with正如；与……一样；就……来说
moderation [ m d 're n] n．适度；合理
ideal [a 'di l] adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物)
fundamental[ f nd 'mentl]adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n．基本规律；根本法则
a key to...……的关键
chew [t u ] vi.&vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n．咀嚼
end up doing结果是做……
allow sb. to do允许某人做……
in addition (＝besides)而且，加之
consistent [k n's st nt] adj. 一致的；连续的
be consistent with...与……一致
for example (＝for instance)例如
modest ['m d st] adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的
a modest amount of...少量……
trick [tr k] n．诀窍；计谋；把戏
one trick to...一个……的诀窍
rather恰恰相反；而是
or rather更确切些；更准确地说
start with (从……)开始
have a healthy attitude towards对……有健康的态度
mostly adv.多半，通常
be on the right track 思路或行为方式正确
be on the wrong track 思路或行为方式错误
[原文呈现]
HEALTHY EATING
There is much debate nowadays as to①what makes up② a healthy diet[1]. For example, scientists have insisted③ for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver④ of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.[2] Heart disease is the number one killer⑤ of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories⑥ or more through sugar are twice as likely to⑦ die from⑧ heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation⑨，2014)．[3] This is true regardless of⑩ how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
[1]此处是what引导的宾语从句，同时what在从句中作主语。
[2]本句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明
evidence的具体内容；as it is是一种语言衔接结构，意为“事实上，实际情况是”，多用来陈述一种原因或状况，尤其是该原因或状况与预期或期待存在不同时。
[3]本句是主从复合句。句子的主干是“people...are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people...”，两个who均引导定语从句，分别修饰前面的先行词people。
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone . The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100—150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.[4] In other words ，if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
[4]本句是主从复合句。句子的主干是“The American Heart Association recommends that...”，that在recommend后引导宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气；其中which引导非限制性定语从句；定语从句中又包含what引导的表语从句。
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre [5]，rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth．[6] As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
[5]此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[6]此处是as引导的原因状语从句。
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.[7] Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition， studies show that consistent eating habits, for example，taking three meals a day at the same time each day，[8] are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
[7]本句中what引导主语从句，what在从句中作宾语；that引导表语从句，表语从句中又包含who引导的定语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。
[8]此处是动词-ing形式的短语作例子说明前面的主语eating habits。
There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather，healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is，“Do I eat to live, or live to eat？”If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.[9]
[9]此处是固定句式It is up to sb. to do sth.，意为“由某人决定做某事”；and连接两个不定式短语to decide...和to make...。
[课文翻译]
健康饮食
现在关于健康饮食的构成有很多争论。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康不良的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍 (《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。简单地说，当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康的杀手。
多余的糖分大多来自甜食和含糖饮料。一个普通的美国人单从含糖饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日的糖分摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下，这少于一听含糖饮料或一块糖果通常所含的糖分。换言之，如果你想健康，就必须减少甜点的摄入，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。
除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。与新鲜的食材相比，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。此外，在你的饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。理想的饮食是均衡的，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。自开始进食起，大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会
告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼得太快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物、更充分地享受美食。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处。例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃得多，下一餐吃得少。
健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？”如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上了不健康之路。由你来决定如何生活并做出正确的饮食选择。
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．my favorite ________ 我最喜欢的甜食
2．in the university ________ 在大学餐厅
3．be high in ________ 高卡路里
4．the American Medical ________ 美国医学会
5．be full of ________ and ________ 富含维生素和纤维
6．________ of sugar 大量的糖
7．________ too quickly 咀嚼得太快
8．have an ________ development 全面发展
9．the ________ diet 理想的饮食
10．a ________ key to healthy eating 健康饮食的一个根本要点
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．________ ['ste bl] adj.稳定的；稳重的→stably adv.稳定地→stability n．稳定
2．________ [ s i'e n] n．协会；关联→associate vt.联想；联系；交往 n．同事；伙伴→associated adj.有关联的；相关的；有联系的
3．________ [ m d 're n] n．适度；合理→moderate adj.温和的；适度的；中等的
4．________ [k n's st nt] adj.一致的；连续的→consistency n．连贯性；一致性
5．________ ['m d st] adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→modesty n．谦虚；朴实；端庄
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 不管；不顾
2．________________ 关于；至于
3．________________ 争辩；为……争论
4．________________ 削减
5．________________ 和……一样
6．________________ 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
7．________________ 停止做(或使用，食用)；删去；阻挡
8．________________ 高脂食物
9．________________ 加工食品
10．________________ 表示思路或行为方式正确与否
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]that引导同位语从句
[教材]However, ________________________________ the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康不良的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。
2．[句型]倍数表达法
[教材]And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are __________________________________ people who receive less than 10% a day(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation，2014)．
在美国，每天从糖分中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入10%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。
3．[句型]表语从句
[教材]What this means is ________________________________________________ because they still feel hungry.
这意味着，咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
4．[句型]while引导时间状语从句
[教材]Put more simply，____________________________________________________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说，当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康的杀手。
5．[句型]“It is up to sb. to do sth.”意为“由某人决定做某事”
[教材]___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
由你来决定如何生活并做出正确的饮食选择。
课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P32)And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国，每天从糖分中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入10%以下的人的两倍。
◎句型公式：倍数表达法
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B；
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B；
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词 (size/weight/length...)＋of＋B；
[佳句] The teaching building which is being built now is twice higher than that one.
正在修建的教学楼比那个教学楼高两倍。
[写美]——一句多译
在建的体育馆将是操场的三倍大。
①The new stadium being built will be________________ the playground. (than)
②The new stadium being built will be________________ the playground. (as...as)
③The new stadium being built will be________________ the playground. (size)
2(教材P32)Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说，当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康的杀手。
◎句型公式：while引导时间状语从句
(1)意为“当……时，和……同时”时，引导时间状语从句；
(2)意为“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句；
(3)意为“只要”时，引导条件状语从句；
(4)意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。
[佳句] While I was in London，you helped me make an adaptation to the new surroundings as soon as possible.
当我在伦敦的时候，你帮助我尽快适应新的环境。
[练通]——写出下列句中while的含义
①While there is life, there is hope．____________
②[2022·全国乙卷书面表达]There are roughly 65% of the students preferring to listen to English songs while 50% of the students choose to watch English movies.____________
③[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！____________
[写美]——完成句子
④虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。
____________________________________， they got along well in the summer camp.
3(教材P32)JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation，2014.
2014年，《美国医学会杂志》。
◎associationn.协会；关联，交往；联系
(1)in association with... 与……合伙/合作
(2)associate vt. 联想；联系
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(3)be associated with... 和……有关
[佳句] I am Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Association.I will organize an exhibition in association with several other universities.
我是李华，学生会主席。我将联合其他几所大学组织一次展览。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①As long as you associate ________ positive-thinking people，it is certain that you are going to achieve success.
②Prior to being involved in the activity，I thought that lots of money ________ (associate) with happiness.
[写美]——应用文之健康饮食
③不可否认，健康与均衡的饮食有关。
There is no denying that____________________．
4(教材P32)This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
◎regardless of 不管；不顾
(1)regardless of为介词短语，后接名词、代词或 v．-ing形式，在句中作状语。
(2)in spite of＝despite 尽管
[佳句] Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.
不管年龄、性别或者教育背景，我们的俱乐部对每个人开放。
[写美]——一句多译
尽管他是个普通的门卫，我很尊重他。[2020·全国卷Ⅰ参赛短文]
①________________________________________________， I show great respect for him.
②______________________________________________________， I show great respect for him.
③______________________________________________， I show great respect for him.
5(教材P32)In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
换言之，如果你想健康，就必须减少甜点的摄入，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。
◎cut down on削减；减少
cut down 削减，砍倒
cut in 插嘴
cut off 剪断；切除；隔断；中断；切断(水、电等的)供应；堵截
cut out 剪下；割掉；删除；裁剪
cut up 切碎；切割
[佳句] We can cut down on the amount of gas we use by taking public transportation.
我们可以通过乘坐公共交通工具来减少汽油的使用量。
[练通]——用cut的相关短语填空
①The village was ________ from the outside world by the heavy snow for days.
②To ________ my daily expenses, I decide to bring lunch to work tomorrow.
③It is bad manners to ________ while others are talking.
[写美]——应用文之倡议书
④如果所有的人都减少食物浪费，大量的食物可以被节省，更多的人将被养活。
________________________， a large quantity of food can be saved and more people will be fed.
6(教材P32)Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.
加工的食品常常包含较少的营养成分，并且比新鲜材料含有更高数量的糖、盐和脂肪。
◎quantityn.数量；数额
(1)a quantity of 大量的
quantities of＋
in quantity
(2)quality n. 质量
[佳句] Learning that you have a large quantity of/large quantities of experience in playing basketball，I'm writing to sincerely invite you to join in our basketball club.
得知您在打篮球方面有许多经验，我写信真诚地邀请您加入我们的篮球俱乐部。(应用文之邀请信)
[练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①A large quantity of money ________ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②__________ (大量的) books have been contributed to the children in the countryside since then.
③________________ (大量的) books have been contributed to the children in the countryside since then.
[写美]——应用文之推荐信
④我想推荐成都作为你的旅游目的地，因为成都有许多景点，例如都江堰。
I'd like to recommend Chengdu as your travel destination, because Chengdu ________________________________________________， such as Dujiangyan.
7(教材P32)There is no one trick to healthy eating.健康饮食没有诀窍。
◎trickn.诀窍；计谋；把戏v.欺骗；欺诈
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
The trick is to... 诀窍在于……
(2)trick sb.
[佳句] An advertiser might be trying to trick consumers into buying a product or a service.
广告商可能试图哄骗顾客购买产品或服务。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①I recalled that he often played tricks ________ me, which often made me lose my temper.
②He ________(trick) into giving up a large quantity of money belonging to him.
[写美]——应用文之求助信
③作为一名来自美国的交换生，我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗？
As an exchange student from America, I like eating dumplings. ____________________________________________
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
1．A 2.D 3.C 4.A
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．dessert 2.canteen 3.calorie 4.Association
5．vitamins; fibre 6.quantities 7.chew 8.overall 9.ideal 10.fundamental
Ⅱ.
1．stable 2.association 3.moderation 4.consistent 5.modest
Ⅲ.
1．regardless of 2.as to 3.argue over/about 4.cut down 5.as with 6.get rid of 7.cut out 8.fatty food
9．processed food 10.be on the right/wrong track
Ⅳ.
1．there is increasing evidence that
2．twice as likely to die from heart disease than
3．that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food
4．while people continue to argue over
5．It is up to you to decide
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1．①twice bigger than ②three times as big as ③three times the size of
2．①只要 ②然而 ③当……时 ④While the students came from different countries
3．①with ②was associated ③health is associated with a balanced diet
4．①Despite the fact that he is an ordinary doorkeeper
②Regardless of the fact that he is an ordinary doorkeeper ③In spite of the fact that he is an ordinary doorkeeper
5．①cut off ②cut down ③cut in ④If all people cut down on food waste
6．①has been collected ②Large quantities of ③A large quantity of ④has a large quantity of tourist attractions
7．①on ②was tricked ③Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings Section Ⅳ Writing——写一篇关于健康饮食的文章
文体感知
健康饮食是一个重要话题，与学生的生活息息相关，是高考考查的热点话题，也是写作的重要内容之一。其基本结构为：
首段——提出关于健康饮食的观点；
中段——从几个方面分层次具体论证观点；
尾段——对全文进行总结。
增分佳句
一、夺人眼球开头句
1．Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.
健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康很重要。
2．We should develop healthy eating habits.
我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯。
二、亮点出彩篇中句
1．Health is more important than wealth.
健康比财富更重要。
2．Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.
良好的健康使我们能够享受我们的生活和成就我们对事业的期望。
3．There is no denying that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet are of great benefit to our health.
没有人能够否认这一事实：经常锻炼和保持均衡的饮食对健康非常有益。
4．We should also eat less meat every day and we had better drink a glass of milk in the morning or at night.
我们每天还应该少吃肉，最好每天早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶。
5．Besides, we should focus on a balanced diet, which ensures us the necessary nutrition.
此外，我们应该注意饮食均衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。
6．We need to eat breakfast, lunch as well as dinner every day.
我们每天需要吃早餐、午餐和晚餐。
三、韵味无穷结尾句
In a word, we should have a balanced diet.
总之，我们应该有一个均衡的饮食。
典题演练
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文，就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步 布局谋篇
第二步 遣词造句
1．健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
__________________________ are very important for our health.
2．我们应该每天吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
We should __________________________ every day, as they supply vitamins to us.
3．早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
__________________________ is also beneficial.
4．我们应该注重均衡饮食，它保证我们必要的营养。
We should ____________________________ and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
5．垃圾食品是我们健康的致命杀手，所以我们应该远离它。
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so_______________________________________．
6．不吃早餐是一个很坏的习惯，这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
__________________________________________ to skip breakfast, which does great harm to our health.
7．我们应该吃健康的食物，保持精力充沛。
We should eat healthy food to ________________________________．
第三步 句式升级
1．用定语从句改写第二步中的句4
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
2．用v.-ing形式作主语改写第二步中的句6
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
第四步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ Writing——写一篇关于健康饮食的文章
典题演练
第二步
1．Healthy eating habits
2．eat fresh vegetables and fruit
3．A glass of milk in the morning or at night
4．focus on a balanced diet
5．we should stay away from it
6．It is a very bad habit
7．keep ourselves energetic
第三步
1．We should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutrients
2．Skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our health
第四步
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. But how can we form a healthy eating habit
In my opinion, we should eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, as they supply vitamins to us. A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial. Besides, we should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutrients.
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so we should stay away from it. What's more, skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our health.
All in all, we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.单元知识回顾与提升
闪卡展示 快速高效
Ⅰ.请快速说出下列单词的汉语意思
1．cuisine n. ________________
2．recipe n. ________________
3．bold adj. ________________
4．vinegar n. ________________
5．slice n. ________________
vt. ________________
6．onion n. ________________
7．lamb n. ________________
8．minimum n. ________________
adj. ________________
9．vegetarian n. ________________
10．junk n. ________________
11．garlic n. ________________
12．ham n. ________________
13．sausage n. ________________
14．cabbage n. ________________
15．bean curd n. ________________
16．ingredient n. ________________
17．dessert n. ________________
18．dough n. ________________
19．pork n. ________________
20．pearl n. ________________
21．category n. ________________
22．vitamin n. ________________
23．dairy adj. ________________
n. ________________
24．moderation n. ________________
25．fundamental adj. ________________
n. ________________
Ⅱ.请快速拼写下列单词
1．________ n. 厨师；主厨
2．________ vt. 填满；把……塞进
n. 东西；物品
3．________ n. 脾气；火气
4．________ n. 品牌
5．________ n. 食堂；餐厅
6．________ n. 自助餐厅；自助食堂
7．________ adv. 有点；稍微
8．________ n. 卡路里(热量单位)
9．________ adv. 不顾；不加理会
10．________ n. 纤维；纤维制品
11．________ n. 数量；数额
12．________ adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的
n. 理想；完美的人(或事物)
13．________vi.&vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎
n. 咀嚼
14．________ adv. 总体上；大致上
adj. 全面的；综合的
Ⅲ.请快速检验下列拓展词
1．________ adj.先前的；优先的→________ n．优先事项；优先权
2．________ vi.由……组成(或构成)；在于→________ adj.一致的；连续的
3．________ adj.特别的；罕见的；杰出的→________ n．例外→________ prep.除……外
4．________ adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→________ n. 谦虚；朴素
5．________ vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→________ n．消费者；用户；客户→________n．消费；消耗
6．________ adj.稳定的；稳重的→________ n．稳定(性)；固定(性)
7．________ n．协会；关联→________ vt.把……联系起来；交往 adj.副的
8．________ n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.欺骗→________ adj.棘手的；难对付的
Ⅳ.请快速写出下列短语
1．____________ (在……之前的)coming to China，I didn't know much about Chinese cuisine.
2．____________ (不管；不顾)the fact that Mrs Meredith was on a tight budget, she tried to bring food and medicine to the poor.
3．We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease ____________ (息息相关)．
4．He ____________ (削减)coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
5．It is said that success ____________ (由……组成) three important factors: talent, diligence and luck.
6．There is much debate nowadays as to what ____________ (组成) a healthy diet.
Ⅴ.请快速背诵下列课文原句
1．Tell me what you eat, ____________________________ what you are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。
2．Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls ____________________________________．
后来，我得知山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
3．For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, ____________________________________， flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠甜辣鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
4．__________________________________________________________，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
5．However, ________________________________________ the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康不良的真正推手并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。
6．And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are __________________________________________ people who receive less than 10% a day (JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation，2014)．
在美国，每天从糖中摄入25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的概率是每天摄入10%以下的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》，2014年)。
7．Put more simply, ________________________________________________________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说，当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知晓糖分是健康的杀手。
8．________________________________________ how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
由你来决定如何生活并做出正确的饮食选择。
单元知识回顾与提升
Ⅰ.
1．菜肴；风味；烹饪 2.烹饪法；食谱 3.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 4.醋 5.(切下的食物)薄片 把……切成薄片 6.洋葱；葱头 7.羊羔肉；羔羊 8.最小值；最少量 最低(限度)的；最小的 9.素食者 10.无用的东西 11.蒜 12.火腿 13.香肠；腊肠 14.甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜 15.豆腐 16.(尤指烹饪)材料；成分 17.(饭后)甜点 18.生面团 19.猪肉
20．珍珠 21.类别；种类 22.维生素 23.奶制的；乳品(业)的 乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 24.适度；合理 25.根本的；基础的；基本的 基本规律；根本法则
Ⅱ.
1．chef 2.stuff 3.temper 4.brand 5.canteen 6.cafeteria 7.somewhat 8.calorie 9.regardless 10.fibre
11．quantity 12.ideal 13.chew 14.overall
Ⅲ.
1．prior; priority 2.consist; consistent 3.exceptional; exception; except 4.modest; modesty 5.consume; consumer; consumption 6.stable; stability 7.association; associate 8.trick; tricky
Ⅳ.
1．Prior to 2.Regardless of 3.go hand in hand
4．cut down on 5.consists of 6.makes up
Ⅴ.
1．and I will tell you
2．stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions
3．which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce
4．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese
5．there is increasing evidence that
6．twice as likely to die from heart disease than
7．while people continue to argue over
8．It is up to you to decide
