2024届高三英语复习——构词法
1.The (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2.His (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a (smell) dustbin.
4.Since then, there has been no (office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).
5.It was (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.
6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at
wedding (receive).
8.A (retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight
years.
9.He found he could no longer deal with his (demand) job.
10.I must make an (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11.Some media the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official .
(confirm)
12. , I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)
13.Even if you once again ，it doesn't suggest that you are a . (fail)
14.Kara's phone has been ringing . We are really bored with the . (frequent)
15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed , but it will be open very soon. (temporary)
16.When food had been to the villagers, they complained that its was not fair. (distribute)
17.Seeing the cat killed in the , the little girl trembled . (violent)
18.The great united the small states into a powerful . (empire)
19.Her face was covered with , which made it look rather than usual. (dirty)
20.Though with feet, the girl felt a bit cold. (bare)
21.The pretty girl looked , and no one could match with her . (elegant)
22.He the skills required for the job ， so we didn't admit him into our group due to
of interest. (lack)
23.My daughter described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)
24.My boss me to work overtime every day, and I had an to hit him. (urge)
25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).
27. (compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.
28.Children are allowed much more (free) these days.
29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and (ignorant).
30.South Africa has submitted an (apply) to host the World Cup.
31.He took a very (science) approach to management.
32.We moved into a cabin with (electric) hut no running water.
33.He remained the most popular (politic) in Arkansas.
34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their (surround).
35.The author's (intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
36.His only chance of (survive)was a heart transplant.
37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of (entertain).
38.Join us to taste a (various) of fresh local food and drinks.
39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper (arrange) should be made so that students can have a
good rest after a whole morning's hard work.
40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's (aware) of animal protection.
41.While I have only listed two of each, there are (obvious) many other situations that can arise.
42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with (curious). 43.There are energy savings to be made from all (recycle) materials ， sometimes
huge savings.
44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the (long) of the United States.
45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison) ， she would not have picked them for
dinner.
46.Both locally and (global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the
destruction of the rainforest ecology.
47.However ， the two zookeepers didn't want to see the (extinct) of this precious species.
48.There are many ways to increase (agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
49.The (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
50.The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52.It is essential to get good (profession) advice.
53.The method is (specific) designed for use in small groups.
54.I think it was that they should have been aware of the of the rules.
(significance)
55.In the experiment, we want to know the data, so you must assure the . (accurate)
56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete (ignore) of world history.
57.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
58.It is (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.
59.The fish is a bit (smell). We can't eat it.
60. (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
真题演练
(
【
2023
】
)
一、构词法在语法填空与短文改错中的考点
1.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the 56 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57
(confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give 61 (interview) in English with
international journalists.
2. 【 2023 年 全 国 甲 卷 】 However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69 (warn) about environmental
destruction.
3.【2023 年全国乙卷】The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50 (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
4.【2023 年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
5.【2023 年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning 63 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
7.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
8.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left 65 (want) more next time.
9.【2023 年全国甲卷】 47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral. 10.【2023 年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and
beautifully on the stamps.
(
【
2022
】
)
11. （2022 年全国甲卷语法填空）
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the
route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. A 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao
believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
12.（2022 年全国甲卷短文改错） I felt so closely to him. 13.（2022 年全国乙卷语法填空）
...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of
the tea industry.
14. （2022 年全国乙卷短文改错） We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise....
15. (2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
二、构词法在阅读理解中的运用
写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思
1.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 C 篇）The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate ( 培 养 ) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude ( 独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build
a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
2.（2022 年全国乙卷）Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient
（高效） across the board.
2.（2022 年新高考 I 卷） Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with
what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown
away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
(
【
2021
】
)
1. （2021 年新高考 I 卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
57 (human) are.
2. （2021 年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 49
(watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people …
3. （2021 年全国乙卷） … and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the
local areas.
4. （2021 年全国乙卷） Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because
of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. （2021 年 1 月浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 30 ．(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
6. （2021 年 6 月浙江卷） …Charles Dresser, who performed their 38 （marry）ceremony in 1842.
7.（2021 年新高考 I 卷） It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17.. （2021 年全 国 甲卷 ） … to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50
(day) routines.
8. （2021 年全 国 乙卷 ）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61
_ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, …
9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
10.（2021 年 1 月浙江卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 35(sharp).2024届高三英语复习——构词法
1.The (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2.His (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a (smell) dustbin.
4.Since then, there has been no (office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).
5.It was (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.
6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at
wedding (receive).
8.A (retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight
years.
9.He found he could no longer deal with his (demand) job.
10.I must make an (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11.Some media the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official .
(confirm)
12. , I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)
13.Even if you once again ，it doesn't suggest that you are a . (fail)
14.Kara's phone has been ringing . We are really bored with the . (frequent)
15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed , but it will be open very soon. (temporary)
16.When food had been to the villagers, they complained that its was not fair. (distribute)
17.Seeing the cat killed in the , the little girl trembled . (violent)
18.The great united the small states into a powerful . (empire)
19.Her face was covered with , which made it look rather than usual. (dirty)
20.Though with feet, the girl felt a bit cold. (bare)
21.The pretty girl looked , and no one could match with her . (elegant)
22.He the skills required for the job ， so we didn't admit him into our group due to
of interest. (lack)
23.My daughter described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)
24.My boss me to work overtime every day, and I had an to hit him. (urge)
25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).
27. (compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.
28.Children are allowed much more (free) these days.
29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and (ignorant).
30.South Africa has submitted an (apply) to host the World Cup.
31.He took a very (science) approach to management.
32.We moved into a cabin with (electric) hut no running water.
33.He remained the most popular (politic) in Arkansas.
34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their (surround).
35.The author's (intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
36.His only chance of (survive)was a heart transplant.
37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of (entertain).
38.Join us to taste a (various) of fresh local food and drinks.
39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper (arrange) should be made so that students can have a
good rest after a whole morning's hard work.
40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's (aware) of animal protection.
41.While I have only listed two of each, there are (obvious) many other situations that can arise.
42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with (curious). 43.There are energy savings to be made from all (recycle) materials ， sometimes
huge savings.
44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the (long) of the United States.
45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison) ， she would not have picked them for
dinner.
46.Both locally and (global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the
destruction of the rainforest ecology.
47.However ， the two zookeepers didn't want to see the (extinct) of this precious species.
48.There are many ways to increase (agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
49.The (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
50.The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52.It is essential to get good (profession) advice.
53.The method is (specific) designed for use in small groups.
54.I think it was that they should have been aware of the of the rules.
(significance)
55.In the experiment, we want to know the data, so you must assure the . (accurate)
56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete (ignore) of world history.
57.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
58.It is (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.
59.The fish is a bit (smell). We can't eat it.
60. (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
1.答案： flight
解析：考查名词。句意: 由于糟糕的天气,这次航班被取消了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词 flight“航班”。
2.答案： carelessness
解析 ：考查名词 。句意:他的粗心导致了他在数学竞赛中的失败 。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词
carelessness“粗心”。
3.答案： smelly
解析：考查形容词。句意为： 日复一日，这条曾经美丽的河流已经变成了发臭的垃圾桶。此处应用形容词
修饰名词"dustbin" ， smelly意为"有臭味的，有难闻气味的" ，符合句意。故填smelly。
4.答案： official
解析： 考查形容词。句意为：从那时起，便没有了与绑架者（进行）的官方的沟通。此处应用形容词修饰
名词"communication"。故填official。
5.答案： extremely
解析：此空并不是系动词 was 后的表语,作表语的是 difficult,空格处所填的词修饰 difficult,故应填副词 。注 意以 e 结尾的形容词转换为副词的拼写规律:除以 le 结尾的形容词和 true 等以"元音字母+e"结尾的词外,其他
都是直接加 ly,不能去 e。
6.答案： practical
解析：此处表示可是我们需要切实可行的建议帮我们脱离困境，故此处用 practice的形容词形式 practical作 定语修饰名词 suggestions。因为有些考生对 need doing= need to be done结构比较熟悉，故容易忽视语境而
误填practicing。
7.答案： receptions
解析：考查名词。句意：在婚宴上，男人和女人必须坐在不同的地方—新郎这边坐的是男人，新娘这边坐 的是女人。根据 areas 可知， 空格处应该用名词复数， 分析句子成分可知， 此处 at wedding receptions 是地点
状语，意为 "在婚礼宴会上" 。故填 receptions。
8.答案： retired
9.答案： demanding
10.答案： apology
解析：此处是一个固定短语，make an apology to sb， 向某人道歉，所以需要 apologize 的名词形式， 即
apology .
11.答案： confirmed, confirmation
12.答案： Initially
13.答案： fail, failure
14.答案： frequently, frequency
15.答案： temporarily
16.答案： distributed, distribution
17.答案： violence, violently
18.答案： emperor, empire
19.答案： dirt, dirtier
20.答案： bare, barely
21.答案： elegant, elegance
22.答案： lacked, lack
23.答案： vividly
24.答案： urged, urge
25.答案： powerful
解析：修饰名词 government 应用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“强大的” ，故填 powerful。
26.答案： wonderful
解析：句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知,
在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填 wonderful。
27.答案： Compared
解析：句意:和信件相比,如今电子邮件更方便交流。分析句子结构可知,compare 与句子主语e-mails 构成逻辑
上的动宾关系,故填 Compared。
28.答案： freedom
解析：句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。句中的 allow 是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使
用名词形式 freedom。
29.答案： ignorance
解析：句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中 and 表示并列,连接的是名词 prejudice 和设空处,
故此处应使用名词形式 ignorance。
30.答案： application
解析：句意为:南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。此处应使用名词形式作宾语。
31.答案： scientific
解析：句意为:他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词 approach。
32.答案： electricity
解析：句意为:我们搬进了一间有电但是没有自来水的小木屋。此处应使用名词作介词 with 的宾语。
33.答案： politician
解析：句意为: 他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词 popular 修饰且指 He,应使用名词
politician。
34.答案： surroundings
解析 ：句意为:这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体 。表示“ 环境;周围的事物 ” 时应使用名词
surroundings,且其为复数形式。
35.答案： intention
解析：句意为:这位作者的意图是在最终悲痛的结尾前让所有人都猜不透。此处应使用名词作主语。
36.答案： survival
解析：句意为:只有进行心脏移植,他才有机会活下去。此处应用名词作介词 of 的宾语。
37.答案： entertainment
解析：句意为:另一个反对电视的论据说,它作为一种消遣的形式替代了阅读。a form of 意为“一种…… 的形
式”,后面要接名词作宾语,故填 entertainment。
38.答案： variety
解析：句意为:加入我们,一起来尝一尝各种各样的当地的新鲜食物和饮料。 a variety of 意为“各种各样的”,相
当于形容词 various。
39.答案： arrangements
解析：设空处在句中作主语,应用名词,arrangement 作“ 安排,准备”讲时为可数名词,且常用复数形式。故填
arrangements。
40.答案： awareness
解析：句意为:他们认为一个城市的文明可以通过人们保护动物的意识来评价。设空处作介词 by 的宾语,应
用名词,故填 awareness。
41.答案： obviously
解析：句意为:尽管我只分别列出了两个,但显然还有很多其他的情况可能出现。此处要用 obvious 的副词形
式 obviously 修饰 be 动词 are。
42.答案： curiosity
解析：句意为:大厅里的人们似乎非常爱管闲事,一直好奇地看着我。介词 with 后应用名词作宾语。
43.答案： recyclable
解析：句意为:所有可回收的材料都可以节省能源,有时被节省下来的能源量是巨大的。此处需要形容词,修饰
空后的 materials,表示“可回收的材料”,故填形容词 recyclable。
44.答案： length
解析：句意为:操作员表示,这个黑斑大约有横跨整个美国的长度的两倍长。此处考查倍数的表达:“A + be +倍
数+ the +名词+ of + B”,意为“A 是 B 在某个方面的多少倍”,故填 length。
45.答案： poisonous
解析：句意为:要是她之前意识到了蘑菇是有毒的,那么她就不会把它们摘下来当晚餐了。此处应用形容词,表
示“有毒的”,与空前的 be 动词构成系表结构,故填 poisonous。
46.答案： globally
解析：句意为:但无论是从当地还是从全球来看,全日照咖啡园的持续扩张都可能意味着对热带雨林生态的破
坏。此处修饰后面的句子,应用副词, 同时根据 and 前的 locally 也可知应填副词。
47.答案： extinction
解析：句意为:然而,这两名动物园管理员不愿意看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。此处作 see 的宾语,应用名词,故填
extinction。
48.答案： agricultural
解析：句意为:人们有许多可以提高世界较贫困地区农业效能的方法。agriculture 意为“农业”,此处需要形容
词,修饰空后的 efficiency(效率;效能),故填 agricultural。
49.答案： disappearance
解析：句意为:恐龙的灭绝并不一定是由天文方面的事件导致的。disappear 是动词,此处应填名词,作主语,故
填 disappearance,意为“消失”。
50.答案： officially
解析：句意为:这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上被正式授予我。此处需要填入副词,修饰句子的谓语部分 will
be given to,故填 officially,表示“ 官方地;正式地”。
51.答案： suitable
解析： 句意：这种土壤不适合种植花生。 be suitable for 意为 “适合...”。
52.答案： professional
解析：句意为:获得好的专业建议是非常重要的。设空处修饰后面的名词 advice,需填形容词。
53.答案： specifically
解析：句意为:这个方法是专为小组使用而设计的。设空处修饰动词 designed,需用副词。
54.答案： significant, significance
55.答案： accurate, accuracy
56.答案： ignorance
解析：考查名词。句意:我开始因自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。根据空前形容词 complete 及空后介
词 of 可知,本空应用名词 ignorance“无知”。
57.答案： suitable
解析：考查形容词。句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。本空在句中作表语,故应用形容词 suitable“适合的” 。be
suitable for“适合 … …”。
58.答案： illegal
解析：考查形容词。句意:在我们国家,酒后开车是违法的。本空在句中作表语,根据句意可知,本空应用形容
词 illegal“违法的”。
59.答案： smelly
解析：考查形容词。句意:这条鱼有点儿臭了。我们不能吃它了。本空在句中作表语,根据空前 a bit 可知,本
空应用形容词 smelly“有臭味的”。
60.答案： Unfortunately
解析：考查副词。句意:不幸的是,卓别林和他的朋友没找到任何金子,却遇上了暴风雪。本空位于句首修饰整
个句子,故应用副词;根据句意可知,本空应用副词 Unfortunately“不幸地”。
真题演练
(
【
2023
】
)
一、构词法在语法填空与短文改错中的考点
1.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the 56 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57
(confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give 61 (interview) in English with
international journalists.
考查名词。句意：从 2017 年 6 月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌 ”和“娇青 ”到来之前，我一直在帮助动
物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应
填名词作介词 before 的宾语， arrive 的名词形式是 arrival，不可数名词。故填 arrival。
考查形容词。句意：从 2017 年 6 月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌 ”和“娇青 ”到来之前，我一直在帮助 动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的 comfortable 并列，作并
列表语，应用形容词形式， confidence 的形容词形式是 confident。故填 confident。
2. 【 2023 年 全 国 甲 卷 】 However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69 (warn) about environmental
destruction.
【49 题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词 weighty 后接名词形式。根据句中
不定冠词 a 可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填 warning。
3.【2023 年全国乙卷】The 49 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 50means (mean) there is always something new
to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【49 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总 是有新的东西可以发现， 我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知， 空处为形容词修饰
名词“development of this city ”。故填 remarkable。
4.【2023 年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
8.考查副词。句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词 got，
应用副词，作状语。故 final 改为 finally。
5.【2023 年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
10.考查形容词。句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove 为系动词，表示“证明
是 ”，后接形容词。故 truth 改为 true。
6.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning 63 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【43 题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副
词修饰， basic 的副词形式是 basically 位于句首，首字母应大写。故填 Basically。
7.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢
的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词 soup(汤)，故空格需用 tasty“美味的 ”作定语，故填 tasty。
8.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left 65 (want) more next time.
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买， 一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
修饰形容词用副词作状语， rarely“少有 ”，故填 rarely。
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买， 一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次 再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语 ”，本句是被动语态， want 是主语补足语，根据句
意， I 与 want 之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词 wanting。故填 wanting。
9.【2023 年全国甲卷】 47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation
instead of a moral.
【47 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。 be different from 与……不
同，所以用形容词作状语。故填 Different。
10.【2023 年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文 The bees 可知，
此处应用复数形式。故 butterfly 改为 butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词 lovely 后跟形容词
beautiful，作表语。故 beautifully 改为 beautiful。
(
【
2022
】
)
11. （2022 年全国甲卷语法填空）
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the
route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. A 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao
believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
65.【答案】protection
【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾， 以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental
可知，此处应用名词 protection，作宾语， protection 表示“保护” 时，是不可数名词。故填 protection。
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是 make 复合结构，应用形容词
meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填 meaningful。
12.（2022 年全国甲卷短文改错） I felt so closely to him.
【答案】 closely→close
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我对他感觉如此亲近。felt 为系动词，后面用形容词作表语，表示“ 亲近的”，
closely 为副词，此处用 close。故将 closely 改为 close。
13.（2022 年全国乙卷语法填空）
...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of
the tea industry.
65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，
中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a 后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
14. （2022 年全国乙卷短文改错） We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise....
1.【答案】greatly → great
【解析】考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词 exercise。
故将 greatly 改为 great。
15. (2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
62.【答案】populations
考查名词。设空处和 and 后的复数名词 homes 并列在句中作宾语， 应用可数名词 population (种群)的复数 的形式，注意 population 为可数名词。本句句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种
群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填 populations。
63.【答案】eventually
【解析】 考查副词。设空处后为动词 achieve，设空处应用副词 eventually 作状语， 修饰动词 achieve。本句 句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群
的理想水平。故填 eventually。
二、构词法在阅读理解中的运用
写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思
1.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 C 篇）The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate ( 培 养 ) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude ( 独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help
you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build
a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
【答案】
sustainable adj. 可持续的; Minimalism n. 极简主义
necessity n. 必要(性); (迫切)需要；必需品
high-quality adj.高质; mindless adj. 无须动脑筋的;
toolbox 合成词 工具箱; minimalist n. 简约主义者;
2.（2022 年全国乙卷）Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient
（高效） across the board.
【答案】
high-tension adj. 高（电）压的
precisely /prI,saIsli/ adj. 准确地；恰好地
* precise /prI,saIs/ adj. 精确的，准确的；恰好的
regularly /,regj）l）li/ adv. 定期地，有规律地；频繁地
* regular/,regj）l）(r)/ adj. 恒定的，规则的
reliability /rI，laI）,bIl）ti/ n. 可靠性；可信度
* reliable /rI,laI）b(）)l/ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的
2.（2022 年新高考 I 卷） Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with
what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown
away — from“ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
【答案】unthinkingly adv. 轻率地
jaw-dropping adj. 使人十分惊奇的；惊人的
(
【
2021
】
)
1. （2021 年新高考 I 卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
57 (human) are.
2. （2021 年全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 49
(watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people …
3. （2021 年全国乙卷） … and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the
local areas.
4. （2021 年全国乙卷） Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because
of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. （2021 年 1 月浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 30 ．(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
6. （2021 年 6 月浙江卷） …Charles Dresser, who performed their 38 （marry）ceremony in 1842.
1.【57 题】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的
渺小。 human 是 we 的同位语， we 为复数，应用 human 的复数形式。故填 humans。
2.（2021 年全国甲卷）
【49 题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，
或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词 different 可知， 此处可数名词 watchtower
是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填 watchtowers。
3. （2021 年全国乙卷）
【62 题】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还 是文化特色， 并且经常为环境保护提供资金， 并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词 the 可知， 此处填
入名词 development 来做动词 benefits 的宾语。故填 development。
4. （2021 年全国乙卷）
【69 题】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据
谓语动词 range 可知，空格处应填用可数名词 activity 的复数形式作主语。故填 activities。
5. （2021 年 1 月浙江卷）
30 ．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方， BMI 在 19 到 25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知， person 是修饰 weight 的，用 person 的名词所有格 person’s。故
填 person’s。
6. （2021 年 6 月浙江卷）
【38 题】考查名词。句意： 1844 年，他们以 1200 美元的价格从查尔斯 · 德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些 土地， 查尔斯 · 德莱瑟在 1842 年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知， 此处要用名词形 式；结合设空处后的 ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼” ；提示词 marry 意为“婚姻” ，其名词形式为 marriage，
marriage ceremony 意为“婚礼” 。故填 marriage。
7.（2021 年新高考 I 卷） It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17.. （2021 年全 国 甲卷 ） … to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50
(day) routines.
8. （2021 年全 国 乙卷 ）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61
_ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, …
9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
10.（2021 年 1 月浙江卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 35(sharp).
1.【57 题】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的
渺小。 human 是 we 的同位语， we 为复数，应用 human 的复数形式。故填 humans。
2.【49 题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍 照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词 different 可知，此处可数名词
watchtower 是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填 watchtowers。
3. 【62 题】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境 还是文化特色， 并且经常为环境保护提供资金， 并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词 the 可知， 此处
填入名词 development 来做动词 benefits 的宾语。故填 development。
4. 【69 题】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根
据谓语动词 range 可知，空格处应填用可数名词 activity 的复数形式作主语。故填 activities。
5. 30．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方， BMI 在 19 到 25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person 是修饰 weight 的，用 person 的名词所有格 person’s。故
填 person’s。
6. 【38 题】考查名词。句意：1844 年，他们以 1200 美元的价格从查尔斯 · 德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一 些土地， 查尔斯 · 德莱瑟在 1842 年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知， 此处要用名词 形式； 结合设空处后的 ceremony， 可知此处意为“ 婚礼” ；提示词 marry 意为“ 婚姻” ，其名词形式为
marriage ，marriage ceremony 意为“婚礼” 。故填 marriage。
7.【58 题】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词 help，应用副词 undoubtedly“毫无疑问
地” 。故填 undoubtedly。
【50 题】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照， 或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词 routines 应用 day 的形容词 daily，作定语， 修饰名词。
故填 daily。
8. 【61 题】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环 境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定
搭配 become educated about 表示“对……有所了解” 。故填 educated。
9. 【68 题】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词 aid 可知，空格处应
填形容词来修饰名词 aid ，finance 的形容词形式为 financial。故填 financial。
10. 35 ．考查副词。句意：但 30 年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的 BMI 差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，
sharp 是要修饰动词 narrow ，用 sharp 的副词形式 sharply。故填 sharply。
