(共76张PPT)
Part A Topic Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
核心突破·要点讲解
夯实基础·一遍落实
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
trick, pretend, humous, accent, imitate, facial, interact, significant, benefit, effect, relieve, anxiety, encourage, relationship, consume, terrified, embarrassed, confused add...to, encourage sb. to do... 1.动名词(短语)作主语；
2．否定转移；
3．such...that...
双基夯实·课前排查
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．cross talk ________________
2．humorous adj. ________________
humour n. ________________
3．imitate vt. ________________
________________n. 模仿
4．interact vi. ________________
interaction n. ________________
5．collapse vi. ________________
相声
幽默的，诙谐的
幽默；幽默感
模仿
imitation
交流；交往；相互作用
相互影响，相互作用
突然倒下
6．potential n. ________________
adj. ________________
7．comedy n. ________________
comedian n. ________________
8．________________ vi. & vt. 假装，装作
________________ sth. 假装做某事
9．________________ n. (书、电影、戏剧的)情节
10．________________ n. 口音
11．________________ adj. 面部的；脸上的
12．well-being n. ________________
13．enhance vt. ________________
潜力，潜能
潜在的，可能的
喜剧；喜剧片
喜剧演员
pretend
pretend to do
plot
accent
facial
舒适；健康；幸福
增强；改进；提高
14．referee n. ________________
15．dizzy adj. ________________
16．swing n. ________________
vi. & vt. ________________
17．________________ n. 焦虑，不安，担心
________________ adj. 焦虑的，不安的，担心的
18．significant adj. ________________
________________ n. 重要性，意义
19．terrified adj. ________________
①terrify vt. ________________
②terrifying adj. ________________
裁判(员)
头晕目眩的
挥动，挥舞；秋千
(使)摆动；(使)转动；朝……打去；荡秋千
anxiety
anxious
重要的，重大的
significance
极度惊恐的
使害怕；使恐惧
极其可怕的
20．________________ adj. 不平衡的
________________ adj. 均衡的
21．________________ adj. 难堪的，尴尬的
①________________ vt. 使尴尬
②________________ adj. 令人尴尬的
③________________ n. 尴尬
22．consume vt. ________________
①consumer n. ________________
②consumption n. ________________
23．________________ adj. 困惑的
①confuse vt. ________________
②confusion n. ________________
unbalanced
balanced
embarrassed
embarrass
embarrassing
embarrassment
消耗；吃；消费
消费者
消费量；消费；吃；喝
confused
使困惑
困惑；混乱
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．trick n．诡计；恶作剧；窍门 vt.欺骗；诈骗 tricky adj.狡猾的，机警的；棘手的，难对付的
play a trick/tricks on sb. 对某人搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑
trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使/骗得某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
play a joke on sb. 取笑某人；开某人玩笑
make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗
laugh at 嘲笑
make fun of 取笑
If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
如果邻居不给糖吃，孩子们就可能捉弄他们了。
She tricked him into giving her the money.
她诱使他给她钱。
They made fun of Jim because of his strange accent.
他们取笑吉姆是因为他奇怪的口音。
They decided to play a joke on their father by hiding his reading glasses.
他们决定把他们父亲的老花镜藏起来和他开个玩笑。
[归纳拓展]
a simple trick like this一个像这样的简单的把戏
expose the worst tricks揭露最坏的把戏
tricks of the trade行业诀窍
cheat v．欺骗 n．骗子
cheat sb. out of sth.骗走某人某物
cheat in the exam考试作弊
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was a trick ________ (make) people buy their product.
②He likes to play tricks ________ other students.
③He taught me the ________ (trick) of the trade.
④The bank tricked him ____________(apply) for a credit card.
to make
on
tricks
into applying
2.pretend vi. & vt.假装，装作
(教材P6)My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else.
我最喜欢的喜剧类型是某人假装成另一个人。
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend to do 假装做……
pretend to be doing 假装正在做……
pretend to have done 假装已做过……
pretend＋that-clause 假装……
Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument.
萨拉假装高兴，没有提争吵的事。
Don't pretend to know what you don't know.
不要不懂装懂。
He pretended to be reading an important document when the boss entered.
老板进来时他假装正在看一份重要的文件。
When his mother entered his room, he pretended to have fallen asleep.
当他妈妈走进他的房间时，他假装已经睡着了。
[归纳拓展]
①pretend后接动词不定式或从句作宾语，动词不定式有时态和语态的变化。
②pretend之后不能接动词-ing形式作宾语。
“so...that...”句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为“主语＋谓语＋so＋adj./adv.＋that从句．”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The salesgirl pretended not ________ (hear) me and went on chatting with a lady in blue.
②The police are setting a trap for the thieves. One pretends _______ (be) an ice cream seller standing at the corner.One pretends ____________ (finish) shopping and ________ (wait) for the bus. One pretends ________ (read) a newspaper.
③So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend __________ (read).
④The candidate in the U．S.A. pretended _____________(struggle) for people's well-being before.
＝The candidate in the U．S.A. pretended that she ____________ (struggle) for people's well-being before.
to hear
to be
to have finished
be waiting
to be reading
to be reading
to have struggled
had struggled
3.imitate vt.模仿 imitation n．模仿
imitate sb. 模仿某人
imitate one's accent 模仿某人的口音
imitate one's style of painting 模仿某人的绘画风格
imitate Western social customs 仿效西方的社会习俗
learn language by imitation 通过模仿学习语言
in imitation of 对……的模仿
Some parrots can imitate sounds and repeat humorous words and sentences.
有些鹦鹉能模仿(人的)声音，并复述幽默的单词和句子。
This imitation of Mona Lisa is so well-drawn that it can be passed for genuine one.
这幅《蒙娜丽莎》仿品画得很好，几乎可以以假乱真。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The best way to learn a sport is __________ (imitate) a champion.
②The house was built ________ imitation of a Roman villa.
③English is usually learned ________ imitation.
④He is very clever at ________ (imitate) his friends.
⑤That's not an original Rembrandt. It's ________ imitation.
to imitate
in
by
imitating
an
4.benefit n．优势；益处；成效v.使受益 beneficial adj.有利的；有裨益的；有用的
benefit sb. 对某人有益
benefit from/by 从……受益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
be of benefit 有益，有好处
to the benefit of 惠及……
be beneficial to sb./sth. 对……有益(to为介词)
[易混辨析]
benefit既可指物质利益，又可指精神方面的好处。
advantage侧重指物质利益及竞争中所占的优势或有利条件。
profit局限于物质或金钱利益；意为“利润”时，常用复数。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Learning Chinese well can help us understand culture and study China ________ the benefit of the whole world.
②I deduce everyone will benefit a lot ________ this activity.
③The newly built railway will be ________ great benefit to our country.
④Let's go out for a walk, for fresh air is beneficial _______ your health.
for
from
of
to
5.effect n．效应；影响；结果 effective adj.有效的；生效的；起作用的
have an effect on/upon... 对……有影响
in effect 有效；实际上
take effect 生效，起作用
bring/put/carry...into effect 实行；使生效
come into effect 开始生效；开始实施
cause and effect 因果
side effects 副作用
[归纳拓展] influence v. & n．影响
influential adj.有影响的，有支配力的
affect v．影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is concluded that climate and temperature have a potential effect ________ your intelligence.
②This will, ________ effect, make your television a computer.
③However, the majority of people are ________ (effect) speakers because they train to be.
on
in
effective
6.defence (1)n.[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C]辩护，辩词 (2)n.[C，U]防御物，防务，防御能力
in defence of... 为了保卫/保护……
in defence of sb./in sb.'s defence 为某人辩护
We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country.我们不应该忘记那些为保卫我们国家而献身的军人。
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.我得为她说句话，她事先对此一无所知。
The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
A good diet helps build up the body's natural defence.
良好的饮食有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。
[词语积累]
defend sb./sth. from/against...保护某人/某物免受……；针对……为某人/某事辩解
defend vt. & vi.防御，保护；vt.辩解，辩白,defence n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C]辩护；[C，U]防御物
defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mr Green stood ________ defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he wasn't the one to blame.
②All our policemen are trained to know how to defend themselves __________ knife attacks.
③The government took some ________ (defend) measures against possible attacks.
in
from/against
defensive
7.relationship n．关系，联系 relation n．关系；联系；亲属 relate v．联系；使有联系；讲述 related adj.相关的
have a relationship 保持一种关系
relate...to/with... 把……和……联系起来
relate sth. (to sb.) (给某人)讲述某事
be related to 与……有关系的
in relation to 关于；涉及
I can't see any relation between the two problems.
我看不出这两个问题间的任何联系。
Neighbours are closely related as the lips and teeth.
邻居间就像唇齿一样相互依存。
He said a lot to us in relation to that terrifying thing.
关于那件恐怖的事，他给我们说了很多。
[归纳拓展]
be connected with 和……有关
be linked to 和……有关；和……连接
keep in touch with 和……保持联系
[归纳拓展]
have no/a connection with
与……没有/有关系/联系
have nothing/something to do with
与……没有/有关系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I can't relate what he does ________ what he says.
②He related his adventures ________ his children.
完成句子
③关于这件事，我有几点看法。
I have some comments to make ___________ this matter.
with
to
in relation to
8.consume vt.消耗；吃；喝；消费；使充满(强烈的感情) consumer n．消费者
consume a lot of fossil fuels 消耗大量的化石燃料
consume a large quantity of alcohol 喝大量的酒
be consumed with sth. 充满……
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。
We have to replace these old lamps with new energy-efficient ones, because they consume too much electricity.
我们必须把这些旧灯换成新的节能灯，因为它们太耗电。
Vehicles that consume less fuel are particularly popular with young people.
耗油量低的汽车在年轻人中尤其受欢迎。
[归纳拓展]
consumer n．[C]消费者，顾客，用户
consumption n．[U]消费；消耗量
[经典例句]
The electricity consumption is so great in our city that I strongly suggest all us consumers should never leave our lights on when we go out.我们城市的用电量如此之大，我强烈建议我们所有的用户出门时一定不要忘记关灯。
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中consume的含义
①40 grams of meat per day is what people should consume in order to stay fit.____________
②Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.____________
单句语法填空
③We are conducting a survey of ________ (consume) attitudes towards organic food now.
④Vegetarians(素食者)may live longer, healthier lives. There is a connection between red meat __________ (consume) and various diseases.
⑤Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity ________ (consume) in the US.
吃
消耗，耗费
consumer
consumption
consumed
9.interact vt.交流；交往；相互作用
(教材P6)the way they interact with one another他们相互交流的方式
interact with sb. 与某人交往，与某人交流
interact with sth. 与……相互作用
Lucy interacts well with her nieces and nephews in this city.
露西和她的侄女、侄子在这个城市相处得很好。
The school attaches great importance to interactive teaching methods.这所学校认为互动教学法很重要。
[词语积累]
interactive adj.交互式的，互动的；合作的
interaction n．交流，互动；相互作用
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The members of the committee interacted ________ each other in the meeting room in the hope of finding a solution to the problem.
②That is, they are not ________ (interact) during the class.
完成句子
③Teachers have a limited amount of time ___________________ (跟每个孩子交流).
with
interactive
to interact with each child
10.enhance vt.增强；改进；提高
(教材P107)So, it helps to make relationships stronger and enhance teamwork.因此，它有助于使关系更牢固，增强团队合作。
enhance the quality 提高质量
enhance cooperation 加强合作
enhance the reputation 提高声誉
enhance the awareness of... 增强……意识
Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of speaking on behalf of the school.通过英语考试应该会增加你代表学校发言的机会。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The founder of the organisation aims to _________________ (增强意识) of environmental protection.
②This is an opportunity ____________________ (加强合作) of the two companies.
enhance the awareness
to enhance the cooperation
11.swing (1)n. 挥动，挥舞；秋千 (2)vt. & vi.(swung，swung)(使)摆动，摇摆；朝……打去
(教材P107)In defence, I attacked back with a wild swing.
防守时，我猛地挥手反击。
a wild swing 猛地挥动
play on the swing 荡秋千
swing one's arms 晃动胳膊
swing at sb./sth. 朝某人/某物打去
On the platform, they sang as they swung their arms.
他们在台上一边晃动胳膊一边唱歌。
He swung at the dog with a stone in defence of the crying boy.
为保护那个哭泣的男孩，他朝狗扔石头。
[联想拓展]
A—B—B式不规则动词
swing—swung—swung
hear—heard—heard
bleed—bled—bled
build—built—built
burn—burnt/burned—burnt/burned
buy—bought—bought
[联想拓展]
catch—caught—caught
deal—dealt—dealt
sell—sold—sold
lose—lost—lost
tell—told—told
say—said—said
keep—kept—kept
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As he pushed her, she ________ (swing) higher and higher.
②He sat on the stool, ________ (swing) his legs.
完成句子
③She ___________ (朝我打来)with an iron bar with anger.
swung
swinging
swung at me
12.confused adj.困惑的
(教材P107)He was confused and didn't know if he should carry on hitting me，or stop and help Mr Zhao—so he just stood there.他不知所措，不知道是继续打我还是停下来帮助赵先生，所以他只是站在那里。
be/get confused about 对……感到困惑
I would often get confused about why he, who was recognised as an outstanding person，retired from his work in advance.我常常感到困惑，他被认为是一个杰出的人，却不知为什么提前退休了。
They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
他们问了如此多难以理解的问题，使我迷惑不解。我彻底糊涂了，困惑地站在那儿，不知所措。
[词语积累]
confuse vt.使困惑；使糊涂
confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆
confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的
confusion n．混乱；混淆
fall into confusion陷入混乱
in confusion困惑地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There was a ________ (confuse) look on his face when he met with the ________ (confuse) problem.
②I always confuse you ________ your brother—you look so alike.
③To avoid ________ (confuse), the twins never wear the same clothes.
完成句子
④If you have questions or ______________ (对……感到困惑)anything, email me.
⑤He felt so embarrassed because he _______ quantity _______ (把……和……混淆)quality.
⑥He looked at me ___________ (困惑地)and didn't answer the question.
confused
confusing
with/and
confusion
are confused about
confused
with/and
in confusion
13.potential n．潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的，可能的
(教材P108)Son, you've got real potential. That was an excellent hit！孩子，你很有潜力。那一击直棒！
a potential disaster 可能发生的灾害
potential customers 潜在的顾客
potential benefits/problems 潜在的好处/问题
potential danger/risk 潜在的危险
You have the potential to enhance the interaction with those shy boys.你有潜力增进跟那些害羞的男孩之间的互动。
[词语积累]
have the potential to do sth.有做……的潜力
achieve/fulfill/reach/realise one's full potential充分发挥某人的潜能
potentially adv.可能地，潜在地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He has the potential ________ (become) a world-class musician.
②________ (potential) , this could damage the reputation of the whole industry.
完成句子
③All children should be encouraged ____________________ (充分发挥他们的潜能).
④Many ________________ (潜在的顾客) are waiting for a fall in prices before buying.
to become
Potentially
to realise their full potential
potential customers
第二版块：重点短语
1．get up to one's feet站起来(＝stand up＝rise to one's feet)
(教材P107)He pushed me away, gathered himself and got up to his feet.他推开我，集中全力站了起来。
stand on one's own feet 独立，自立
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
jump/spring to one's feet 跳起来
be on one's feet (长时间)站立着
be/get back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
When his parents died, he was stressed out but had to learn to stand on his own feet.
他的父母去世后，他心力交瘁，但不得不学会自立。
To our delight, Tom is back on his feet soon after the operation.
令我们高兴的是，汤姆手术后很快就完全康复了。
[经典例句]
Pretending to be calm, he got up to his feet and left.
假装很镇静，他站起来离开了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Children are expected to stand ________ their own feet as early as possible.
②The competitor struggled ________ his feet and ran to the finish line in great pain.
完成句子
③When the outstanding actor ______________________________ (站起来)，all the audience applauded.
④Hearing the news that the company______________(完全恢复)within six months, all the employees ____________________ (跳起来)with great joy.
on
to
got up to his feet/rose to his feet/stood up
got back on its feet
jumped/sprang to their feet
2.add... to...把……添加到…… addition n．加，加起来；增加物 additional adj.附加的，额外的
add to 增加；增添
add up 加起来
add up to 加起来达到
add in 包括；加进
Fireworks added to the attraction of the night of Beijing.
焰火使北京的夜晚更加迷人。
Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把所有这些数字加起来，弄清楚总计是多少。
Before you finish the total, please add in these new consumption figures.
计算总数时，请把这些新消费数字也加进去。
If the tea is too strong, you can add some more hot water to it.如果茶太浓，你可以往里面再加点热水。
[联想拓展]
add on 另加；附加
in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
[图文助记]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The school added some books ________ its library.
②She added some sugar ________ her coffee.
③If you add 3 ________ 5, you will get 8.
④The rainy weather added ________ our difficulties.
⑤Please add ________ all these numbers and see the result.
⑥Your purchases add up ________ $100.
⑦He is ________ new addition to the teaching staff.
⑧The house is close to the sea. In ________ (add), it has a large garden.
to
to
to/and
to
up
to
a
addition
3.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励/刺激某人做某事
(教材P6)Laughing also encourages the brain to produce natural feel-good chemicals.笑也会刺激大脑产生自然感觉良好的化学物质。
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；刺激某人做某事
encourage sth. in sb./sth. 刺激某人身上的……
encourage doing sth. 促进做某事
My parents always encourage me to follow my dreams.
我父母总是鼓励我追求我的梦想。
I encourage her in her ambition to become a designer.
我对她成为设计师的抱负予以鼓励。
I encourage (advised) him to learn programming.
我建议他学习编程。
The new policy will encourage consumption in citizens.
新政策将刺激公民的消费。
The new policy will encourage people to buy more goods.
新政策将刺激人们买更多的东西。
Big dreams encourage learning.远大的梦想会促进学习。
[联想拓展]
encourage sb. in sth.对某人某方面予以鼓励/在某事上鼓励/支持某人
encourage sb. to do sth.＝advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
discourage sb. from doing sth.＝persuade sb. not to do sth.劝某人不要做……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't encourage bad habits ________ a child.
②Her parents encouraged her ________ her studies.
③We encourage the fat girl ________ (lose) weight.
④Parents should discourage their children ________ smoking.
in
in
to lose
from
第三版块：典型句式
1．such...that...如此……以至于……
(教材P107)In the second round, I took such a hard hit from my opponent that I felt dizzy and unbalanced.在第二轮比赛中，我被对手打得头昏眼花，失去了平衡。
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，使用了such...that...句型，意思是“如此……以至于……”，such修饰后面的名词，that引导结果状语从句。
其主要结构为：
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that...
such＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋that...
such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that...
She behaved in such an awkward way that it made her parents incredibly embarrassed.
她表现得如此笨拙，让她的父母极其尴尬。
My mother is so kind that she often contributes money to the children in the poor areas.
我妈妈很善良，她经常给贫困地区的孩子们捐款。
It was so realistic a painting that I mistook it for a photograph.
这幅画太逼真了，我误以为是照片。
We had so little time that we couldn't finish the work on schedule.
我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。
[归纳拓展]
so...that...如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句，其主要结构如下：
①so ＋ 形容词/副词 ＋ that...
②so ＋ 形容词 ＋ a/an ＋ 可数名词单数 ＋ that...
③so ＋ many/few ＋ 可数名词复数 ＋ that...
④so ＋ much/little(少) ＋ 不可数名词 ＋ that...
[学法点拨]
such/so...that...句型中，若将such/so...置于句首，such/so...部分要用部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was ________ confused about the situation that she had to turn to her teacher for help.
②So fast did he walk ________ I couldn't catch up with him.
③Table tennis is ________ an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
④It is such a difficult problem ________ I find it hard to solve.
⑤It was ________ fine weather that it's impossible for the children to stay in.
so
that
such
that
such
完成句子
⑥It was ____________________ (如此热的一天) that nobody could focus their attention on work.
⑦It was ___________ (如此吵闹以至于)we couldn't make ourselves heard.
⑧He ___________________ (如此尴尬以至于)he didn't know what to say.
⑨He earned _______________ (这么少的钱以至于)he couldn't support his family.
such a hot day/so hot a day
so noisy that
was so embarrassed that
so little money that
2.动名词(短语)作主语
(教材P6)Laughing also encourages the brain to produce natural feel-good chemicals.笑也会刺激大脑产生天然的感觉良好的化学物质。
[句式分析] 此句主语是动名词laughing, also encourages the brain to produce...是谓语动词。
动名词(短语)作主语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
不定式作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
在(车流)高峰期开车令人厌烦。(经常性的)
To finish the task will take a long time.
完成这项任务要花费很长时间。(具体的)
[误区提醒]
①单个动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Performing on the stage makes me nervous.在舞台上表演使我紧张。
②动词不定式(短语)作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语即不定式(短语)移到句末。
It is rather important to impress the audience.给观众留下深刻的印象很重要。
③常用动名词(短语)作主语(真正的主语)的句型：
It is/was a waste of time doing...
It is/was useless/no use/no good doing...
It is/was a pleasure doing...
It is/was fun doing...
It is no use shouting in anger.怒吼是没有用的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (teach) English in a middle school is my full-time job.
②In some Arab countries, ________ (shake) one's head from side to side means agreement.
③________ (travel) by taxi in London is not just a concept of going from one place to another.
④Running ________ economical, easy and it's always energetic.
⑤It's a waste of time ________ (play) video games every day.
Teaching
shaking
Travelling
is
playing
⑥It is no use ________ (argue) with him.
⑦________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
完成句子
⑧用钢琴演奏中国民间音乐是将传统音乐推向世界的一种方式。
_____________________ on the piano is a way to bring the traditonal music to the world.
arguing
Hearing
Playing Chinese folk music
3.否定转移
(教材P107)You'll never believe what happened to me, Jia Lan—I don't think I'll ever live it down.你永远不会相信我的遭遇，贾兰——我想我永远也不会挽回自己的面子了。
[句式分析] 当I/We think/believe/expect...后面接一个具有否定意义的由that引导的宾语从句时，通常把否定词转移到主句，而宾语从句谓语动词用肯定式。
否定转移的三个条件：
①主语是第一人称I或we；
②主句的谓语为一般现在时；
③能用于否定转移的动词：think，believe, suppose, imagine, expect等。
I don't believe he'll come.我想他是不会来的。
We don't suppose such things will happen.
我们认为这样的事不会发生。
[易错提醒]
这种否定转移句式出现附加问句时，反问部分的助动词和作主语的代词都要根据宾语从句的谓语和主语来处理。
如：I don't suppose (that) she is fit for the job, is she？
[即学即练] 单句写作
①我认为这不是个好主意。
___________________________________________________________
②我认为向别人作自我介绍是件不容易的事情。
___________________________________________________________
③我认为那不是真的。
___________________________________________________________
④我想你不会想经受所有的烦琐的手续。
___________________________________________________________
⑤我想你们两人以前没见过面，对吧？
___________________________________________________________
⑥我真认为我不该得零分。
___________________________________________________________
I don't think it is a good idea.
I don't think it is easy to introduce myself to others.
I don't suppose it is true.
I don't imagine you want to go through all the rigmarole.
I don't believe you two have met, have you
I really don't think I deserve a zero.
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．A very ________ (重大的)conference will be held in our country next week.
2．It is an opportunity to ________ (增强)the reputation of the company.
3．She felt _________ (尴尬的)at the thought of being at a party with a bunch of boys and girls she barely knew.
4．The tall tree suddenly ________ (突然倒下)in the heavy storm.
5．Many people have dramatically reduced the amount of red meat they ________ (吃).
significant
enhance
embarrassed
collapsed
consume
6．He asked so many questions that I got completely c________ .
7．She p________ to be calm but actually she was very nervous when she was being questioned.
8．The film is full of such exciting p________， much out of our expectations.
9．He pretended to be an American, but his strong a________ gave him away.
10．You must i________ more with each other so that you can better understand each other.
confused
pretended
plots
accent
interact
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Even though people don't talk about it much, ________(anxious) is one of the most common mental health problems.
2．What he said was so ________(confuse) that I could hardly make out his true intention.
3．The audience were so entertained by his ________ (humour) performance that they kept laughing all the time.
4．The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for TV, would be ________ hit.
5．Despite anything that medicine may have achieved, the immune system is our main ________ (defend) against disease.
anxiety
confusing
humorous
a
defence
6．He was unwilling to take part in the party, so he pretended _____________ (forget) the date.
7．After finishing his meal, he got up ________ his feet and left the restaurant.
8．Being laughed at in front of a crowd of people is an ___________ (embarrass) experience.
9．I like action movies and ________ (comedy) because they are exciting and humorous.
10．People get job satisfaction from different aspects, for instance, social ________ (interact) with colleagues.
to have forgotten
to
embarrassing
comedies
interaction
Ⅲ.短语填空
be terrified at, as a result, be related to, be anxious for, under stress, to one's relief, interact with, benefit from
1．May I ask how this question __________ the position of a referee I am applying for
2．To tell the truth, I ____________ the prospect of being alone in the house at that time.
3．The young man knows how to _____________ people，even in embarrassing conditions.
4．The national blood service ____________ more donors to come forward for the terrified old man.
is related to
was terrified at
interact with
is anxious for
5．__________， our humorous performance was fully appreciated by the audience, mostly college students.
6．I am writing about my confusion now because I hope that other women can ___________ my experience.
7．He collapsed suddenly when serving the customer. _________， he lost his job.
8．Things can easily show anxiety and go wrong when people are __________．
To our relief
benefit from
As a result
under stress
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．John's slight speech impediment _____________________________ (让他母亲很难理解)him.
2．__________________ (充分利用时间)doesn't mean keeping on reading books from morning till night.
3．If circumstances changed, _______________________ (你有必要制订)a new plan.
4．There were _____________________ (街上人很多)that fire-fighters couldn't get close to the building.
5．_________________ (我认为我不会获胜), but l want to do myself justice.
made it difficult for his mother to understand
Making full use of time
it is necessary for you to make
so many people in the street
I don't think I can win
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他们发现边看电视边工作是不可能的。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
___________________________________________________________
2．长时间看电视有损我们的视力。(动名词短语作主语)
___________________________________________________________
3．尽管我们以多种方式一直保持联系，私下见面对我们来说还是重要的。(it作形式主语)
___________________________________________________________
4．他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。(such...that)
___________________________________________________________
5．我认为这条连衣裙不是很适合你，是不是？(否定转移)
___________________________________________________________
They found it impossible to work while watching TV.
Watching TV for a long time does harm to our eyes.
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
I don't think this dress fits you well, does it (共123张PPT)
Part B Lesson 1 What's So Funny
双基夯实·课前排查
课前预读·自修自研
语篇细研·教材精读
核心突破·要点讲解
夯实基础·一遍落实
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
innocently, faithful, measurement, scream, announce, offer, appetite, retire, potentially, forecast, depressed, bleed, consultation, examine, announce, deserve for sale, hand over, call in, keep an eye on, do a double take 1.be doing...when；
2．感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语；
3．I wonder if...
双基夯实·课前排查
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．saucer n. ________________
2．doorway n. ________________
3．antique n. ________________
adj. ________________
4．deduce vt. ________________
5．astronomy n. ________________
6．galaxy n. ________________
7．potentially adv. ________________
8．________________ n. 大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境
9．forecast vt. ________________
杯托
门口，出入口
古董
古时制造的
推论，推断
天文学
星系
可能地，潜在地
atmosphere
预测，预报
10．________________ adj. 中年的
11．surgery n. ________________
12．sneeze vi. & n. ________________
13．scream vi. ________________
n. ________________
14．crisis n. ________________
15．afterwards adv. ________________
16．circus n. ________________
17．clown n. ________________
18．________________ vt. 应得，应受到
19．casually adv. ________________
casual adj. ________________
middle-aged
诊所；外科手术
打喷嚏
尖声大叫
尖叫声
危难时刻；危机
随后，后来
马戏团
小丑
deserve
漫不经心地；非正式地
漫不经心的；随便的
20．innocently adv. ________________
________________ n. 无辜，天真
21．appetite n. ________________
________________ sth. 想要得到某物
22．faithful adj. ________________
________________ n. 相信；信任
________________ sth./sb. 相信某事/信任某人
23．________________ adj. 科学(上)的
________________ n. 科学
24．________________ n. 测量，计量，衡量
_______________ v. 测量；衡量；(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为
装作若无其事地；无辜地
innocence
胃口，食欲；强烈欲望
have an appetite for
忠诚的
忠诚的
have faith in
scientific
science
measurement
measure
25．bleed vi. ________________
①________________ n. 血液
②________________ n. 流血
26．consultation n. ________________
①________________ vi.& vt. 咨询
②________________ n. 顾问
27．examine vt. ________________
________________ n. 检查；考试
28．announce vt. ________________
________________ n. 宣布，宣告
29．do a double take ________________
30．hand over ________________
流血，出血
blood
bleeding
就诊；咨询
consult
consultant
检查
examination
宣布，宣告
announcement
猛吃一惊后定神再看
交出；把……送交
课前预读·自修自研
[词语积累]
[1] lap vt.舔饮
[2] saucer /'s s /n.杯托
[3] doorway/'d we /n.门口，出入口
[4] do a double take惊讶地又看一眼
[5] antique/ n'ti k/n.古董；adj.古时制造的
[6] valuable adj.有价值的，贵重的value vt.评价；重视；估价；n.价值：重要性
[7] casually/'k u li/adv.漫不经心地；非正式地
[8] innocently/' n s ntli/adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地
[9] offer v．提供；出价
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
[10] reply n. & v．回答；答复
[11] for sale出售；待售
[12] appetite/' p ta t/n.胃口，食欲
[13] pay sb...for...为……付……钱给某人
[14] hand over交出；移交
[15] continue v．继续
[16] throw in(免费)附送；额外赠送
[17] be used to sth.习惯于某物
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
[18] save sb. from doing sth.使某人免于做某事
[19] so far到目前为止，现在完成时的时间状语
[20] Sherlock Holmes/' l k h mz/夏洛克·福尔摩斯
[21] Watson/'w ts n/华生
[22] retire vi.退休；撤退；就寝
[23] faithful/'fe θf l/adj.忠诚的
[24] look up仰望，向上看；查阅
[25] deduce/d 'dju s/ vt.推论，推断
[26] according to根据
[27] astronomy/ 'str n mi/n.天文学
[28] galaxy/'g l ksi/n.星系
[29] potentially/p 'ten li/adv.可能地，潜在地
potential adj.潜在的，可能的
[30] position n．位置；职位
[31] observe vt.观察；庆祝；遵守
[32] Saturn/'s t n/土星
[33] Leo/'li /狮子座
[34] scientific/ sa n't f k/adj.科学(上)的
[35] measurement/'me m nt/n.测量，计量，衡量
[36] current adj.现在的
[37] atmosphere/' tm sf /n.大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境
atmosphere如果表示抽象地点，后跟的定语从句中缺少状语，关系词用where。
[38] forecast/'f kɑ st/vt.预测，预报
[39] silent adj.沉默的；寂静的
silence n．沉默；寂静
[40] steal v．偷窃；剽窃(stole; stolen)
[41] middle-aged adj.中年的
[42] feel down感到沮丧；情绪消沉
[43] go wrong出毛病；弄错；发生故障
[44] depressed adj.沮丧的，消沉的
[45] surgery/'s d ri/n.诊所；外科手术
[46] bleed/bli d/vi.流血，出血
[47] nervously adv.紧张地；焦急地
nervous adj.紧张不安的；神经的
[48] sneeze/sni z/vi. & n．打喷嚏
[49] badly adv.严重地；很，非常
[50] scream/skri m/vi.尖声大叫；n.尖叫声
scream out (for sth.)亟须；亟待
[51] consultation/ k ns l'te n/n.就诊；咨询
[52] turn to转向；求助于
[53] crisis/'kra s s/n.危难时刻；危机
[54] examine/ ɡ'z m n/vt.检查
[55] announce/ 'na ns/vt.宣布，宣告
[56] afterwards/'ɑ ft w dz/adv.随后，后来
[57] slightly adv.轻微地；略有
slight adj.轻微的；少量的
[58] pressure n．压力；压迫
press v．按；压；逼迫
[59] breathe v．呼吸breath n．呼吸
[60] otherwise adv.在其他方面，除此之外；否则；另外
[61] the United States/ ju 'na t d ste ts/美国
[62] New York/nju j k/纽约
[63] do sb. good对某人有好处(＝do good to sb.)
[64] circus/'s k s/n.马戏团
[65] clown/kla n/n.小丑
[66]Grock/ɡr k/格罗克
Story A
A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping[1] milk from a saucer[2] in the doorway[3] of a store 【1】. He did a double take[4].
【1】本句使用句型“Sb. was doing...when...”，表示“某人正在做……，这时……”。并列连词when意为“这时”。
He noticed that the saucer was an antique[5] and very valuable[6]， so he walked casually[7] into the store and innocently[8] offered[9] to buy the cat for 20 dollars. The store owner replied[10]， “I'm sorry, but the cat isn't for sale[11].”
The collector said, “Please, I need a hungry cat with a good appetite[12] around the house to catch mice 【2】. I'll pay you 200 dollars for[13] that cat.”
The owner said “sold” and handed over[14] the cat.The collector continued[15]， “Hey, for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in[16] that old saucer 【3】. The cat's used to[17] it and it'll save me from having[18] to get a dish.”
And the owner said, “Sorry my friend, but that's my lucky saucer. So far[19] this week I've sold 68 cats.”
【2】with a good appetite是定语，修饰名词cat; to catch mice是动词不定式作目的状语。
【3】I wonder if...表示委婉的语气，“不知是否可以……”。
Story B
Sherlock Holmes[20] and Dr. Watson[21] went on a camping trip. After a good dinner and a bottle of wine, they retired[22] for the night, and went to sleep.
Some hours later, Holmes woke up and asked his faithful[23] friend, “Watson, look up[24] at the sky and tell me what you see.”
“I see millions and millions of stars, Holmes，” replied Watson.
“And what do you deduce[25] from that？”
Watson thought for a minute.
“Well, according to[26] the studies on astronomy[27], it tells me that there are millions of galaxies[28] and potentially[29] billions of planets. According to the positions[30] of the stars, I observe[31] that Saturn[32] is in Leo[33]. According to the scientific[34] measurement[35] of time, I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three. According to the current[36] atmosphere[37], I forecast[38] that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow. What does it tell you, Holmes？”
Holmes was silent[39] for a moment. “Watson，” he said, “someone has stolen[40] our tent！”
Story C
A middle-aged[41] man was feeling very down[42]. Everything had been going wrong[43] for him. He had had problems at work and his wife had left him for another man. So, after he had been feeling depressed[44] for over a month, he decided to go to the doctor. He had to wait for what seemed like ages 【4】 in the doctor's surgery[45].The bleeding[46] man next to him was looking at his watch nervously[47]; a woman was coughing and sneezing[48] badly[49]; and a baby was screaming[50]. Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his consultation[51]. The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in. “Sorry, I'm just finishing something. I'm afraid we've been very busy this morning.” She then turned to[52] the man. “So, what's the problem？” she asked.
【4】what seemed like ages是 what引导的宾语从句，作wait for的宾语，what在从句中作主语。
“Well, I've been having a bit of a crisis[53], you know, lots of problems，” replied the man. “And I've been doing a lot of work.”
“Mmm, you're looking very pale.” The doctor started to examine[54] him. “Well, everything is working OK，” she announced[55] afterwards[56]. “You have slightly[57] high blood pressure[58] and you're breathing[59] quite heavily, but otherwise[60] everything's fine.”
“So what can I do？” asked the man. “I'm going on a trip soon. I will be working in the United States[61] for three months. This time next week, I'll be arriving in New York[62].”
The doctor thought for a while. “I think what you need is a good laugh 【5】. That would do you a lot of good[63]. A circus[64] is performing in town. Why don't you go to see it I hear there's an amazing clown[65] who'll really make you laugh 【6】，His name's Grock[66].”
“I am Grock，” replied the man sadly.
【5】what you need is a good laugh作think的宾语；what you need是what引导的主语从句，同时what作need的宾语。
【6】who'll really make you laugh是定语从句，修饰名词clown，关系代词who在从句中作主语，who也可以换成that。
故事A
一个著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮杯托中的牛奶。他惊讶地又看了一眼。
收藏家注意到杯托是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
店主回答道：“不好意思，这只猫不卖。”
收藏家说：“拜托了，我正需要一只又饿、胃口又好的猫帮我抓屋里的老鼠呢，我可以出200美元买那只猫。”
店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。
收藏家接着说：“嘿，200美元的话能不能把那个旧杯托也送给我。毕竟这猫已经习惯了用它，这样也省得我再去买猫食盆了。”
店主说：“对不起，朋友，那可是我的幸运杯托。到现在为止，这周我已经卖出去68只猫了。”
故事B
夏洛克·福尔摩斯和华生医生去野营。他们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，喝了瓶酒，就准备休息，去睡觉了。
几小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友：“华生，抬头看看天空，告诉我你看到了什么。”
“福尔摩斯，我看到无数的星星，”华生回答。
“那你从中推断出什么？”
华生想了一会儿。
“嗯，根据天文学研究推断，现在天空中有数百万的星系，可能还有数十亿颗行星。根据星星的位置判断，现在土星在狮子座。根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。根据目前的大气条件，我预测明天天气会很好。福尔摩斯，你推断出了什么？”
福尔摩斯沉默了一会儿。“华生，”他说，“有人偷了我们的帐篷！”
故事C
一个中年男子觉得非常沮丧。最近他诸事不顺。他在工作上遇到了问题，妻子又跟别的男人跑了。在沮丧了一个多月后，他决定去看医生。他在医生的诊室里等了好长时间。旁边在流血的男人，紧张地看着手表；一个女人严重地咳嗽、打喷嚏；还有个婴儿在哭闹。等了大约半小时后，终于叫到他就诊了。他进去时医生正在办公桌上写便条。“抱歉，我刚忙完别的事，今天上午很忙。”之后她转向中年人问道，“你怎么了？”
“是这样的，我最近遭遇了一点危机，嗯，是出现了很多问题，”那人回答道，“而且我工作一直很忙。”
“嗯，你脸色很苍白。”医生开始给他检查。“不过一切正常，”她检查后说道。“除了血压有点高，呼吸有些沉重，其他方面都正常。”
“那我该怎么办？”那人问道。“我很快就要出差了，要在美国连续工作三个月。下星期的这个时候，我就去纽约了。”医生想了一会儿。“我觉得你需要开怀大笑，笑出来对你很有好处。城里刚好有马戏团表演，你怎么不去看看呢？我听说有个很棒的小丑，叫格罗克，他肯定能逗笑你。”“我就是格罗克，”那人悲伤地回答。
语篇细研·教材精讲
Ⅰ.课文结构图示
Ⅱ.课文预习自测
1．What can we know from Story A
A．The famous art collector knew the saucer was of great value but the store owner didn't.
B．The store owner knew clearly the saucer was an antique and wanted to earn more money with it.
C.The art collector bought the dirty cat and the saucer successfully at last.
D．More than sixty people were fooled into buying cats and the saucer.
B
2．What can we infer from Story B
A．Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson didn't know their tent was stolen.
B．Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson went on a camping trip in the forest.
C．In fact, their tent was gone.
D．Dr. Watson was very interested in astronomy.
C
3．What can we learn from Story C
A．The doctor thought highly of the performance of Grock.
B．The doctor knew clearly the patient standing before her was Grock and she played a trick on him.
C.Grock would gladly accept the doctor's advice.
D．The doctor found nothing wrong with Grock after the examination.
A
4．What do the three stories have in common
A．They are all about famous people.
B．They are all humorous stories.
C．They all have a happy ending.
D．They all take place in big cities.
B
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．casually adv.漫不经心地；非正式地 casual adj.不经意的；漫不经心的 casualness n．漫不经心；随意
(教材P8)．..so he walked casually into the store and...于是他漫不经心地走进那家店……
a casually-dressed young man 穿着随便的年轻人
ask casually 随便问问，随口问问
answer casually 漫不经心地回答
[易混辨析]
irregular指不按常规、固定模式或计划做事；或指不隶属于任何机构或组织。
casual指不太注意场合、仪表等，随意性强。
informal指语言、穿着等随便，也指不举行任何形式或仪式的活动。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I ________ (casual) mentioned that I might be interested in the antique.
②Mr. Smith asked the question with studied ________ (casual).
③We are the ________ (casually) acquaintance of a long railway journey.
casually
casualness
casual
2.offer vi. & vt.(主动)提出(愿意做某事) n．出价；提议
(教材P8)He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable, so he walked casually into the store and innocently offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.他注意到杯托是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
(1)offer to do sth. 主动做某事
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
offer sb. money for sth. 向某人出价买某物
(2)make an offer 提出；提议；出价
on offer 供使用的；提供的；可买到的；特价出售
This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract potential customers.
这可能对餐馆和商店这样的企业有用，因为它提供了一种吸引潜在顾客的新方法。
Freddie has made an offer to teach us English.
弗雷迪已答应教我们英语。
He offered me 100 dollars for my bike.
他出价100美元买我的自行车。
She has accepted my offer to help her.
她接受了我帮她的提议。
[名师点津]
“提供给某人某物”的表达：
provide
supply
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We offered ________ (give) Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.
②The company offered ________ (he) a very good job.
＝The company offered a very good job ________ (he).
③This website offers a ________ (various) of courses free ________ charge.
④—Can I help you
—I appreciate ________ (you offer), but I can manage it myself.
⑤We made an offer _________ $100 000 ________ the house.
to give
him
to him
variety
of
your offer
of
for
3.appetite n. [U][C，usually sing.]食欲，胃口 n．[C]强烈欲望
(教材P8)Please, I need a hungry cat with a good appetite around the house to catch mice.拜托了，我正需要一只又饿、胃口又好的猫帮我抓屋里的老鼠呢。
(1)have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
develop an appetite for... 对……产生食欲
give sb. an appetite 使某人胃口大开
loss of appetite 食欲不振
ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
(2)have an appetite for... 渴望……(appetite前可
用形容词修饰)
have no appetite for... 不喜欢……
Exercise gives her a good appetite.运动使她胃口大开。
Too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and loss of appetite.
过度焦虑会引起失眠和食欲不振。
Mr Black has developed an appetite for Chinese food.
布莱克先生喜欢上了吃中国菜。
The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.
那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。
Don't spoil your appetite by eating before meals.
不要在餐前吃东西，以免影响食欲。
[图文助记]
[联想拓展]
lose one's appetite 没有食欲
to one's appetite 合某人口味
spoil one's appetite 影响胃口
have an appetite 有胃口
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The young man has no appetite ________ meat because he has eaten too much recently.
②Lots of students now have ________ strong appetite for knowledge.
完成句子
③他胃口很好，很快就吃完了大量的食物。
He ________________ and finished up a huge amount of food in a short time.
④他患有头痛和食欲不振。
He suffered from headaches and _____________．
for
a
had a good appetite
loss of appetite
4.retire v．退休；退役 vi.睡觉，就寝 vi. & vt.(使)退休，(令)退职 retiring adj.不爱与人交往的；害羞的 retirement n．退休；退休生活 retired adj.已退休的；已退职的
(教材P8)After a good dinner and a bottle of wine, they retired for the night, and went to sleep.他们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，喝了瓶酒后，就准备休息，去睡觉了。
retire from 从……退休
retire to 退到/去往……
retire as... 从……职位上退休
retire from public life 退出公众生活
As she has a six-month baby, she always retires late most nights, exhausted.
因为她有一个六个月大的婴儿，她大多数晚上都很晚才睡，精疲力尽。
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he brought the paintings with him.
Nicolo退休后去了西西里岛生活，带着那些画作。
When Jim's uncle retired from the railway company, he was given a golden watch.
吉姆的伯父从铁路公司退休时得到了一块金表。
He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.
他还不打算从杂志主编的位子上退休。
[经典例句]
Mr Green plans to retire as an engineer. The old man, who has put aside a lot of money for retirement, is looking forward to travelling abroad with his wife-a retired doctor.格林先生打算从工程师的职位上退休。这位老人已经为退休生活存了很多钱，正盼望着与他的妻子——一位退休医生去国外旅游。
[联想拓展]
retire from office退职
retire from service退役
retire from the world脱离社会
take early retirement提前退休
a retired teacher退休教师
resign辞职；听任
resign from辞职
[即学即练] 判断句子中retire的含义
①It had been a long tiring day, so I retired early.________
②After the old man retired, he went back to his faraway hometown, living an easy life with his wife.________
单句语法填空
③Not until he retired ________ teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.
④A survey of ________ (retire) people has indicated (表明) that most of them are enjoying life.
⑤The vice president, forced into early ________ (retire) last year because of his poor health, was invited to the opening ceremony of the art festival.
睡觉
退休
from
retired
retirement
5.faithful adj.忠诚的 faithfully adv.忠实地 faith n．信任，相信；信心；信仰
(教材P8)Some hours later, Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend...几小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友……
be faithful to sb./sth. 忠实于某人/某事物
have faith in sb./sth. 对某人/某事物有信心
lose faith in... 不再信任；对……失去信心
keep faith with... 忠于……；守信……
restore sb.'s faith in... 恢复某人在……的信念
destroy sb.'s faith in... 摧毁某人在……的信念
a faithful servant/friend/dog忠实的仆人/朋友/狗
She was rewarded for her 40 years' faithful service with the agricultural company.
她为这家农业公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
He is faithful to the company and his devotion earns him respect of all the employees.
他对公司忠诚，并且他的奉献为他赢得了所有员工的尊敬。
We have great faith in him and feel like associating with him.
我们对他很有信心，想要跟他交往。
She has no faith in the friends she makes through social networking.
她对通过社交网络结交的朋友没有信心。
He has suffered from anxiety these days and has lost faith in himself.
这些天他饱受焦虑之苦，已经对自己失去了信心。
[经典例句]
The faithful maid had great faith in her faithless master and served him faithfully．
这位忠诚的女仆对她不忠实的主人很有信心，忠心耿耿地为他服务。
[联想拓展]
faithless adj.不忠诚的
faithfully adv.忠实地，忠诚地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I have been a ________ (faith) reader of your newspaper for many years and I have a preference for its news stories.
②He pretended to serve ________ (faithful) in the company but in reality, he was working for another company.
③It's a demanding job to work with a ________ (faith) friend, who you can't rely on.
④Be faithful ________ your work, have faith ________ yourself, and ________ (faith) live up to your promise, and then you are sure to succeed.
完成句子
⑤He ___________ (对……忠诚) the ideals of the Party.
⑥The boy is optimistic and always ___________ (对……有信心) his future.
⑦In no case shall we ___________ (对……失去信心) ourselves.
faithful
faithfully
faithless
to
in
faithfully
is faithful to
has faith in
lose faith in
6.measurement n．[C]尺寸 n．测量，计量，衡量 measure vt.测量，计量；评估 n．尺寸；措施
(教材P8)According to the scientific measurement of time, I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three.根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。
take/make measurements (＝measure something) 量大小(尺寸)
take sb.'s measurements 给某人量尺寸(以便做衣服或买衣服)
made to measure 量身定制的
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
In order to buy the right furniture, the accurate measurement of the living room is essential.
为了买到合适的家具，对客厅的精确测量必不可少。
During her weight loss, she took her waist measurement every day.减肥期间，她每天测量自己的腰围。
Education shouldn't be measured purely by academic performance.教育不应该仅仅用学业成绩来衡量。
The professor's bedroom measures 10 metres across.
这位教授的卧室宽十米。
You'll need to get a suit made to measure.
你得定做一套西装。
Measures must be taken to enhance the employees' enthusiasm in their work.必须采取措施提高员工的工作积极性。
[词语拓展]
be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量
make...to one's measure按某人的尺寸定做……
take/get one's measure (＝take the measure of sb.)量某人的尺寸；估量某人的能力
in great/large/some measure在很大/某种程度上
[词语积累] measure v．， linking v. & n.
(1)v.测量，度量；估量，衡量
(2)linking v．(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……
(3)n.措施，方法；标准，尺度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Accurate ___________ (measure) is very important in scientific research.
②The exact ____________ (measurement) of the dormitory are 3 metres 20 by 2 metres 84.
③When asked to have her weight ________ (measure), the fat girl felt more than a little embarrassed.
④_________ (measure) about 90 metres, the tree is considered to be the tallest in this region.
⑤What measures can we take ________ (relieve) the shy girl of her anxiety
完成句子
⑥The tailor __________________ (给她量了尺寸) before he made the dress.
⑦This place is so heavily polluted. It is time for us to ___________________ (采取措施保护) the environment.
measurement
measurements
measured
Measuring
to relieve
took her measurements
take measures to protect
7.atmosphere n．大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境
(教材P8)According to the current atmosphere, I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow.根据目前的大气条件，我预测明天天气会很好。
We must take measures to protect us from pollution of the atmosphere.
我们必须采取措施保护我们不受大气污染之害。
Carbon dioxide prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily.
二氧化碳防止热量轻易地从大气层中散发出去。
A humorous person in an office will improve the atmosphere.
办公室里有一个幽默的人会改善气氛。
[学法点拨]
atmosphere作定语从句的先行词，当从句中缺少状语时，用where/in which引导，类似的表示抽象地点的名词还有stage, situation, case, point, position等。
She envied our family atmosphere where/in which our parents showed us much affection.父母对我们疼爱有加，她羡慕我们的家庭氛围。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
完成句子
②They two interacted with each other __________________ (在友好的氛围中).
③The lovely _______________ (轻松的氛围) relieved his anxiety significantly.
where
in a friendly atmosphere
relaxed atmosphere
8.forecast vt. & n．预测，预报
(教材P8)According to the current atmosphere, I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow.根据目前的大气条件，我预测明天天气会很好。
the weather forecast 天气预报
sales forecast 销量预测
growth forecast 增长预测
forecast that... 预测……
It is forecasted/forecast that... 据预测……
forecast a big increase in sales 预测销量会大增
forecast the future 预测未来
forecast the result of the football match 预测这场足球比赛的结果
The weather forecast said there would be a heavy rain.
天气预报说将有大雨。
Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.
专家预测经济将复苏。
It is forecasted/forecast that prices will rise by 3% next month.据预测下个月物价将上涨3%。
[知识拓展]
前缀fore-表示“(在……)前面，预先”，它构成的其他单词还有foresee (预见，预知)，forehead (前额), foretell (预言)等。
forecast的过去式及过去分词有两种形式：forecasted, forecasted或forecast, forecast。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In spite of today's scientific measurement, scientists still have difficulty _________ (forecast) earthquakes.
②It ________________ (forecast) that a heavy storm is on the way to our city.
完成句子
③The old couple rely on _______________ (天气预报) to determine whether they will go out the next day.
forecasting
is forecast/forecasted
the weather forecast
9.depressed adj.抑郁的；沮丧的 depressing adj.令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的 depress v．使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使萧条，使不景气；将(某物)按下/压下 depression n．抑郁，沮丧；抑郁症
(教材P9)So, after he had been feeling depressed for over a month, he decided to go to the doctor.因此，在他感到抑郁一个多月后，他决定去看医生。
depressing 令人沮丧的
depressed 感到沮丧的
be depressed at 对……感到沮丧
depress sb. 使某人沮丧
depress sth. 按/压下某物
depression n. 抑郁；沮丧；抑郁症
His failure didn't depress him.他的失败并没有使他消沉。
The financial crisis has depressed the economy.
金融危机使经济萧条。
If you depress that button, the machine will start.
按下按纽，机器就会启动。
He was suffering from depression.他有抑郁症。
His business was ruined in the Great Depression of the 1930s.他的公司在20世纪30年代的经济大萧条中倒闭了。
[词语链接]
(1)以-ing结尾的形容词用来描述事物本身具有的特征，即事物具有能够令人产生某种情绪的作用或能力，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)以-ed结尾的形容词用来描述人对某事物作出的反应，其主语通常是人，常译为“感到……的”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Although his relationship with his mother had improved somewhat, he was still ________ (depress).
②It's ________ (depress) to think that you may never work again.
③__________ (depress) lowers the human ability to cope with disease from a scientific point of view.
④I know he is too optimistic but I don't want ________ (depress) him.
depressed
depressing
Depression
to depress
10.bleed vi.流血，出血 vt.长期榨取(某人的钱) blood n．血
(教材P9)The bleeding man next to him was looking at his watch nervously...紧挨着他的那位正在流血的男士正在紧张地看着手表……
[句式分析] 句子中the bleeding man是现在分词作定语修饰中心词man，现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，它可以转换成一个定语从句。
the bleeding man＝the man who was bleeding
那个正在流血的男士
bleed for 为……流血；为……负伤/牺牲
bleed to death 流血过多而死
bleed sb. for sth. 榨取某人某物、财物等
bleed sb. white＝take all sb.'s money 榨干某人所有的钱
one's heart bleeds for sb. 怜悯或同情某人
The cut on my arm bled for a long time.
我胳膊上的伤口流了很长时间的血。
All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country.
所有的年轻士兵都愿意为祖国流血。
[名师点津]
bleed是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词分别是bled, bled。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Those who bled ________ the revolution will be remembered forever.
②Doctors used ________ (blood) people when they were ill.
③The blackmailers (勒索者) bled him ________ every penny he had.
④The bleeding man will bleed ________ (die) if there is no first aid done to him at once.
for
to bleed
for
to death
11.announce vt.宣布，宣告 announcement n．公告，布告，通告 announcer n．广播员，播音员，节目主持人
(教材P9)“Well, everything is working OK，” she announced afterwards.“嗯，一切都挺好的，”她随后宣布。
announce 向某人宣布某事
announce sb. 通报某人的到来
announce that... 宣布……，通知……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
as is announced 正如宣布的那样
make an announcement 发布宣告，发表声明
an official announcement 官方公告
a formal announcement 正式通告
The government yesterday announced to the media the plans to create a million new jobs.
政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造100万个新工作岗位的计划。
A government spokesman announced that the hostage had been released.政府发言人宣布人质已获释。
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached.
在会议结束的时候，一项协议宣告达成。
Silence please! The producer has an announcement to make.
请安静！出版人有事要宣布。
[误区警示]
“向某人宣布某事”中announce不能直接跟“人”作宾语，须在“人”前加介词to。此类动词还有explain, apologize, suggest, report, say等。
[辨析比较] declare/announce
declare指在庄严场合，官方的权威人士公开、郑重地宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度。declare war on/upon/against...向……宣战。
announce指对公众或特定人群进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事和商品信息等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The winners of the competition ________________ (announce) next month.
②They ________ (announce) the date of their wedding in the newspaper.
完成句子
③The monitor __________ (通知) that there would be an English party next Tuesday.
will be announced
announced
announced
12.consultation n．就诊；咨询；商讨 consult v．咨询；请教
(教材P9)Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his consultation.等了大约半小时后，终于叫到他就诊了。
consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事；向某人请教某事
consult with sb. 与某人商量(事情)；与某人磋商
consult a map/the dictionary/one's notebook 查阅地图/词典/某人的笔记
The decision was taken after close consultation with the local circus.这项决定是在与当地马戏团仔细磋商后作出的。
Consult the timetable to see when the last train leaves.
查一下时间表，看看末班火车什么时候开。
We consult the dictionary when we don't know the meaning of a new word.我们不知道生词的意思时，就去查词典。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If you have health problems, ________ (consultation) your doctor as soon as possible.
②You can consult your English teacher ________ how to learn English well if your English is not good.
③I don't know the meaning of the word, so I have ________ (consult) the dictionary.
consult
about
to consult
第二版块：重点短语
1．for sale待售，出售
(教材P8)The store owner replied, “I'm sorry, but the cat isn't for sale.”店主回答说，“对不起，这只猫不出售。”
sale的其他用法：
(1)n.[C]卖，出售(一笔生意)
(2)[pl.]销售额
(3)特价销售，减价销售
(4)sales [pl.]销售
He finds old military medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.
他在古董店和互联网上找到旧的军功章出售。
There were many commodities on sale in the shopping mall last weekend and I bought some saucers.
上周末商场许多商品都在打折，我买了几个茶托。
He gets 200 dollars on each sale.
每笔生意他可赚200美元。
Sales are up by one million dollars this year.
今年的销售额增加了一百万美元。
Everything in the store will be 20 percent off during the sale.特价销售期间，店里所有的东西打8折。
He is in charge of the sales department.他掌管销售部。
She is a sales manager for an internet company.
她是一家互联网公司的销售经理。
[用法比较]
on sale在销售/打折(减价)出售
for sale指抽象的出售行为，也可指具体的出售动作；
on sale可指某商品以低于其原有价格水平的价格出售，即“廉售，贱卖”。如：This house is for sale.此房出售。
This T-shirt is on sale for only 9 dollars.这件T恤特价出售，只卖9美元。
on offer特价出售。如：Apples are on offer today.今天苹果特价出售。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her new book will be ________ sale next week.
②This house is ________ sale.
③This T-shirt is ________ sale for only 9 dollars.
④He works ________ a salesman for a wine company.
on
for
on
as
2.hand over移送；移交
(教材P8)The owner said “sold” and handed over the cat.
店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。
hand over...to... 把……交给……；把(权力或责任)移交给……
hand down 把……传递下去
hand in 交上；递交
hand out 分发
hand back 归还
I wouldn't dare hand this project over to anyone else.
我不敢把这个项目移交给任何其他人负责。
When Ivan gets old, he will hand over his business to his son.当伊万变老的时候，他将把他的生意交给他的儿子。
[联想拓展]
get one's hands on弄到；抓到 by hand亲自；手工
at hand在手边；即将来临 in hand在手头；在处理中
hand in hand手拉手；密切关联
on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
[即学即练] 用hand的相关短语完成句子
①The king decided to retire and __________ his responsibility for the country to his three daughters.
②The painting was a valuable family treasure, which had been ________ from generation to generation.
③Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and ________ food to homeless people in the community.
④The lost watch has been found and ___________ to the owner.
⑤—Sir, could I __________ my homework a bit late
—Well, all right, since you've been unwell these days.
hand over
handed down
hand out
handed back
hand in/over
3.throw in(不提高售价或报价地)奉送，额外赠送
(教材P8)Hey, for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer.
嘿，200美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。
throw away 扔掉，丢弃；浪费；错过
throw off 摆脱，甩掉；匆匆脱掉
throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事
Buy a computer now and get a free printer thrown in!
现在买一台电脑就可免费获得一台打印机！
I know they're willing to throw extra vacation days in, but what I really need is a higher salary.
我知道他们愿意给予额外的假期，但是我真正需要的是更高的薪水。
[联想拓展]
throw away the old chair扔掉那把旧椅子
throw away the best time of life浪费人生中最好的年华
throw away an opportunity失去机会
throw off your worries消除你的忧虑
[联想拓展]
throw off the wet coat匆匆脱掉湿漉漉的大衣
throw myself heartily into my work全心投入到我的工作中
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You need to throw your regrets ________ and focus on the task at hand.
②One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw ________．
③With the college entrance examination approaching, it's time that I should throw myself ________ hard work.
④If you order within the next 15 minutes, we'll throw ________ a book bag.
off
away
into
in
4.call in召集，召来
(教材P9)Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his consultation.等了大约半小时后，终于叫到他就诊了。
call for 要求；需要
call on 号召；拜访某人
call off 取消
call up 打电话；使回忆起
They decided to call in a doctor, because the child was no better.他们决定请大夫，因为孩子的病情并未好转。
A repairman must be called in right away to save the house from falling.
必须马上请一个修理人员来修理这座房子以免倒塌。
The scientific experiment calls for accurate measurement.
科学实验需要精确的测量。
When he got back to the city, he called up the office innocently.他回到城里时故作无知地给办公室打了个电话。
The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
The old photo called up the old days when I chatted with my grandparents in a relaxed atmosphere.这张老照片使我想起了过去和爷爷奶奶在轻松的气氛中聊天的日子。
[联想拓展]
①call back召回；回电话
call in on sb.顺便拜访某人
call at拜访(某地)
②drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人
drop by/in/over/round短暂拜访
如：I dropped by the coffee shop on the way to work.我在上班的路上顺便去了咖啡店。
I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing.我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。
[即学即练] 用call短语的正确形式填空
①An experienced doctor must be _________ to perform the surgery.
②I had meant to ________ my old friend as soon as I arrived in Beijing but my mobile phone was out of power.
③The local government _________ us to take measures to reduce waste.
④The school meeting _____________ just because our headmaster had to attend a more significant conference.
单句语法填空
⑤The urgent situation called ________ quick action.
⑥As the child's condition got worse, the father had to call ________ a doctor.
⑦This job calls ________ patience, determination and devotion.
called in
call up
calls on
was called off
for
in
for
5.do a double take再仔细看一下，又看一眼
(教材P8)He did a double take.他又看了一眼。
She was so fond of the dress that she did a double take.
她太喜欢这件连衣裙了，以至于又看了一眼。
Did you see that man do a double take as he looked at the price
你有没有看见，那一个男子又惊奇地看了一眼价钱？
[即学即练] 单句写作
①我又仔细看了一眼——我简直无法相信真的是他。
___________________________________________________________
②我又看了一眼，才认出了冲我笑的那男的是谁。
___________________________________________________________
I did a double take—I couldn't believe it was her.
I did a double take and I recognized the guy smiling at me.
6.keep on eye on留意，照看，密切关注
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
fix/lay/put one's eyes on 凝视着
look sb. in the eye 直视/正视某人
We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
我们已请邻居在我们离开时为我们照看一下房子。
A good artist must have an eye for colour.
好的艺术家必须对色彩有鉴赏力。
I had never fixed/laid my eyes on this talent until today.
这个人才我到今天才注意到。
[联想拓展]
have an eye for sth.对……有鉴赏力
keep an eye out for...密切注意……
[联想拓展]
shut/close your eyes to...
对……视而不见
in one's eyes在某人看来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I can keep an eye ________ the baby while you go to the store.
②She has a good eye ________ art.
③She walked around the shopping mall, keeping an eye out ________ bargains.
④We can't close our eyes ________ the reality.
on
for
for
to
第三版块：典型句式
1．be doing...when...结构
(教材P8)A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.一位著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一个商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。
[句子分析] 本句为复合句，其中when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store中的when为并列连词，意为“(正在)这时，突然”，相当于“and then...”或“and at that time...”。注意观察下列例句中when的具体用法：
She was urging him to take action when I came in.
当我进来的时候，她正在催促他采取行动。(when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。)
He had hardly got to the lab when he set out to do the experiment.
他一到达实验室就开始做实验。(hardly...when...刚一……就……，固定句式)
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引。(be about to do...when...正要……这时……)
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television
既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，他们怎样能学到东西呢？(when＝since；considering that)
We were watching TV when the doorbell rang.
我们正在看电视，这时门铃响了。(正在做……，这时……)
Hardly had he gone to sleep/fallen asleep when the phone rang.他刚睡着电话铃就响了。(hardly是否定意义的副词，位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)
[归纳拓展]
(1)when作连词时，常用以下句型：
①be about to do...when...
正要做……这时……
②be on the point of doing sth./be doing...when...正要/在做……这时……
③had hardly done/hardly had sb. done...when...某人刚做完……这时……
(2)when作从属连词
①意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
②意为“既然；考虑到”，引导让步状语从句。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Jim __________ (read) an essay at home when the power went out.
②Lucy was wrapping gifts for her daughter ________ the house collapsed.
③We were about to set out ________ the radio said a severe typhoon was coming.
完成句子
④The hen ___________ (在孵化) her eggs when a loud noise made her jump.
⑤He ______________ (刚刚预言) clear weather when a thunderstorm began.
⑥He ___________________________________________ (刚完成报告，正要睡觉，这时) he heard a scream outside.
was reading
when
when
was hatching
had just predicted
had just finished his report and was about to go to bed when
2.“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P8)A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.一位著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一个商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。
[句子分析] 句中noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store为“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
其中lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store为现在分词短语作宾补。
I noticed him talking with a foreigner.
我注意到他正在和一个外国人交谈。
I saw them arguing in the middle of the road.
我看到他们正在马路中间争辩。
There was a person who saw the man killed.
有一个人目击了那个男子被杀。
I saw the train come into the station.我看见火车进站了。
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌曲。
He was seen to go into the restaurant.
有人看见他走进餐馆。
I saw a plane flying to the north.→A plane was seen flying to the north by me.我看到一架飞机正朝北飞去。
[误区警示]
(1)若宾补是不带to的不定式，在变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to。
(2)若宾补是现在分词，在变成被动语态时仍然保留现在分词形式，但此时现在分词作主语补足语。
[名师点津] 感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice, observe等后接“宾语＋宾补”时的常见形式：
(1)感官动词＋宾语＋do(不带to的不定式)，表示“……宾语做某事的全过程”，宾语与动词之间是逻辑主谓关系。
(2)感官动词＋宾语＋doing，表示“……宾语正在做某事”，宾语与动词之间是逻辑主谓关系。
(3)感官动词＋宾语＋done，表示“……某事被做”，宾语和动词之间是动宾逻辑关系。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Listen! Do you hear someone ________ (call) for help
②I saw him ________ (walk) into the office with a dictionary under his arm.
③I heard the English song ________ (sing) many times.
④The boy looked out of the window and saw a man ________ (enter) his neighbour's house.
⑤The enemy soldiers forced him to jump off the top of the mount.
→He was forced ________ (jump) off the top of the mount.
calling
walking
sung
entering
to jump
3.I wonder if...结构
(教材P8)Hey, for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer.嘿，200美元的话能不能把那个旧碟子也送给我。
[句子分析] “I wonder if/whether...”是常用句型，意为“我想知道是否……”。
I wonder if I might have a word with Mr Albert.
不知我能否和艾伯特先生说几句话．
I was wondering whether you'd like to come to the party.
不知您是否想要参加聚会。
I wonder how James is getting on.我想知道詹姆斯的近况。
I wonder who made this decision and how he came to the conclusion.
我想知道是谁做的这个决定，他又是如何得出的结论。
She wonders at all she saw.她对她所看到的一切感到惊讶。
I wondered that you were not hurt.你没受伤，我感到惊讶。
It is no wonder that some people feel they are wasting their time at elections.
难怪有些人会觉得他们是在选举上浪费时间。
It is a wonder that he was so punctual this morning.
他今天早晨到得这样准时，真是怪事。
[知识拓展] 与wonder有关的几种常见句型
(1)wonder＋if/whether引导的宾语从句
(2)wonder后接who, what, why, where, how等疑问词引导的宾语从句
(3)I wonder at/about sth./that...对……感到惊讶
(4)It's a wonder (that)...奇怪的是……
It's no wonder (that)...＝No wonder (that)...对……一点也不奇怪；难怪……in wonder惊奇地
do/work wonders创造奇迹
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I wonder ________ he has not come back yet.
②I wonder ________ might happen if there were no electricity.
③I wonder ________ I'll recognise Philip after all these years.
④“Every night I wonder ________ she could be，” he said.
⑤I wonder ________ people will say, “Let's hear the story about Frodo and the Ring.”
why
what
if/whether
where
if/whether
4.what引导的名词性从句
(教材P9)He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor's surgery.他不得不在医生的诊室里等着，像是等了几个世纪。
What I care is your attitude towards the matter.
我关心的是你对这件事的态度。(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)
The boy dived into water and after what seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
男孩一头扎进了水里，过了好像很久之后，他才又从水里出来。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
I don't know what he needs.我不知道他需要什么。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.
1492年，哥伦布到达了现在被称为美洲大陆的地方。(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
A ship is safe in harbour, but that's not what ships are built for.船在港口里是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。(what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语)
[知识拓展]
what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，表示“……的……”，相当于the＋n.＋that...。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这次大会超出了我之前预期的。
The conference was beyond ________________．
②我无法想象昨天这里发生了什么。
I can't imagine _______________________．
③我想知道的是我能做什么来帮助你学习英语。
What I want to know is __________ to help with your English.
④我将做一切我所能做的去帮你。
I will do ________________ to help you.
⑤让我印象最深刻的是我的家乡变化很大。
___________________ is that my hometown has changed a lot.
what I had expected
what happened here yesterday
what I can do
what/whatever I can
what impressed me most
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The aesthetic and plastic ________ (外科手术) was operated for repairing the facial soft tissue injury.
2．The cut on my arm ________ (流血，出血) for a long time, making me terrified.
3．Often he teased me till I felt embarrassed and ________ (尖叫), feeling furiously helpless.
4．There is scientific evidence of what certain gases do to the ________ (大气层).
5．The weather ________ (预报，预测) said there would be a heavy downpour tomorrow, which made the farmers anxious.
surgery
bled
screamed
atmosphere
forecast
6．I saw a beautiful old vase in the ________ (古董) shop.
7．“Have I done something significant？” she asked ________ (无辜地).
8．He spent a lot of money on satisfying the ________ (胃口，食欲) for excitement and humour.
9．Stone walls and pillars can also collapse and are ________ (潜在地) dangerous.
10．Most students in our class go in for all kinds of ________ (科学的) activities and interact with each other.
antique
innocently
appetite
potentially
scientific
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Mary's family were so terrified that they put an ______________ (announce) in the local paper to find someone to help them.
2．These animals can now only be kept in zoos, wildlife parks, ________ (circus), and scientific research centres.
3．I made up my mind to major in scientific subjects in the future after _________ (consult) with my parents and teacher.
4．The dentist examined carefully and gently removed the bad tooth without causing ________ (bleed).
5．Suddenly she got terrified and ________ (scream) so loud that her grandfather hurriedly came out to see what had happened.
announcement
circuses
consultation
bleeding
screamed
6．Some people throw away plastic bags ________ (causal), which is harmful to the atmosphere and our environment.
7．She was rewarded for her 40 years' ________ (faith) service with astronomy.
8．The questions are designed to enhance students' ability of summaries and ________ (deduce).
9．He has made accurate ____________ (measure) of my garden, consuming quite a lot of time.
10．Every detail __________ (examine) and eventually enhanced in an attempt to find a design solution.
casually
faithful
deduction
measurement
was examined
Ⅲ.短语填空
for sale, hand over, be used to (doing), call in, keep an eye on, on offer, retire from, be faithful to, be measured by, out of breath
1．Your well-being in life can _____________ many ways.
2．The middle-aged man has been looking for a job since he __________ the army.
3．Afterwards, the child immediately ___________ a dollar of money from his pocket.
4．After he carried many boxes, now, he is ___________， feeling dizzy.
5．In some remote areas, it was announced that the house was advertised ________ at $49，000.
be measured by
retired from
handed over
out of breath
for sale
6．Do you think the film adaptation __________ the book
7．I've been looking for that antique for a long time, and please ____________ it.
8．The middle-aged man didn't like living there last year but now he _____________ living there.
9．I bought these saucers at the supermarket — they were ________ last week.
10．To our relief, the makers ____________ some cars with potentially dangerous faults.
is faithful to
keep an eye on
has been used to
on offer
have called in
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我也不想担心我的食宿。(neither位于句首的部分倒装)
___________________________________________________________
2．看上去一切都井然有序，但我认为肯定有很多年没有客人来入住了。(否定转移)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3．当我到机场时，全家人都会等候我。(将来进行时)
___________________________________________________________
Neither do I want to worry about my food and accommodation.
Everything seems to be in good order, but I don't think any guests have checked in for years.
When I arrive at the airport, my whole family will be waiting for me.
4．有一天我们在花园散步时我注意到她哭了。(notice sb. doing)
___________________________________________________________
5．这个好心的先生发现了一个钱包，我们想知道它是否会是你的。(wonder if)
___________________________________________________________
6．她没有参加演讲比赛，这使她失去了一个锻炼英语口语的机会。(make sb. do)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
One day when we were walking in the garden, I noticed her crying.
This kind gentleman found a wallet and we wondered if it could be yours.
She did not take part in the speech contest, which made her lose a chance to practice spoken English.
Ⅴ.短文语法填空
In the first story, a famous art collector was walking through the city 1.________ he noticed a dirty cat 2.________ (lap) milk from a saucer which he found was 3.________ antique and very valuable. As a result, he walked 4.________ (casual) and innocently offered to buy the cat. At last, he bought the cat at a very high price, becoming another one who was tricked by the store owner.
In the second story, Sherlock Holmes and his 5.________ (faith) friend Dr. Watson went on a camping trip but at midnight, they were talking about the stars and the weather of the following day. In fact, they had their tent6.________ (steal).
when
lapping
an
casually
faithful
stolen
In the third story, a middle-aged man was feeling 7.________ (depress) because he felt everything had been going wrong with him, so he went to the doctor. After the examination, the doctor 8._________ (announce) everything was OK except that he had 9.________ (slight) high blood pressure. She advised him to have a good laugh and went to see the performance of the amazing clown 10.________ name was Grock. She didn't know the person standing before her was Grock.
depressed
announced
slightly
whose(共77张PPT)
Part C Lesson 2 Why Do We Need Humour
双基夯实·课前排查
核心突破·要点讲解
夯实基础·一遍落实
【学习目标】
课时词汇 重点短语 经典句式
mood, whisper, accidentally, expense have an influence on, all the time, protect... from..., at sb's expense 1.long before的用法；
2．as if 引导的从句；
3．feel like的用法；
4．sb./sth. be likely to do sth.
双基夯实·课前排查
【单词巧练 写准记牢】
核心单词练习：请根据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或根据汉意和词性写出正确单词
1．muscle n. ________________
2．blood vessel ________________
3．mood n. ________________
4．far-reaching adj. ________________
5．immune adj. ________________
6．cell n. ________________
7．incorporate vt. ________________
8．blush vi. ________________
9．embarrassment n. ________________
肌肉
血管
心情，情绪
影响深远的
有免疫力的
细胞
将……并入；包含
脸红
窘迫，尴尬
10．tension n. ________________
________________ adj. (人)神经紧张的；(形势等)令人紧张的；(肌肉或身体部位)绷紧的
11．physical adj. ________________
________________ adv. 身体上；肉体上
12．________________ adj. 心理的，精神的
psychology n. ________________
13．energise vt. ________________
①______________ n. 精力
②______________ adj. 精力充沛的
紧张；焦虑；焦急
tense
身体的，肉体的
physically
psychological
心理学；心理
使充满活力；使增强决心
energy
energetic
14．infection n. ________________
①______________ v. 使感染；传染
②______________ adj. 感染的；传染性的
15．whisper vi. & vt. ________________
n. ________________
________________ 低声说
16．accidentally adv. ________________
①accidental adj. ________________
②______________ n. 事故
17．expense n. ________________
________________ adj. 昂贵的
at sb.'s expense ________________
感染；传染
infect
infectious
悄声说，低语，耳语
低语；耳语
in a whisper
偶然地；意外地
偶然的，意外的
accident
费用，花费
expensive
嘲笑某人
核心突破·要点讲解
第一版块：重点单词
1．relieve v．减轻；缓解；消除 relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的 relief n．(痛苦、忧虑等的)减轻、消除、缓和
(教材P108)Firstly, laughter helps relieve tension.首先，大笑有助于缓解焦虑。
relieve sb. of sth. 帮某人减轻(负担)
be relieved to do sth. 做某事感到宽慰
Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment.
(幽默的)质量没有态度和努力重要，即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能减轻别人的风险和尴尬。
He sighed with relief.他松了口气。
To my relief, he came back home safe and sound.
令人宽心的是，他安然无恙地回家来了。
Relief has been sent to the flood sufferers.
救援物品已送到洪水灾民手中。
[知识拓展]
find relief from 从……中摆脱出来
relief of/from ……的减轻/消除
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was ________ (relieve) to get back in the car and hit the road again.
②________ our great relief, his immune sytem was strengthened.
③Aspirin can provide quick ________ (relieve) for a headache.
④What ________ relief to be home safe!
⑤Running is a good way ________ (relief) stress.
relieved
To
relief
a
to relieve
2.tension n．紧张；焦虑；焦急；紧张局势；紧张气氛；绷紧程度 tense adj. 紧张的；绷紧的；拉紧的 tensely adv. 紧张地 tenseness n．紧张
reduce/relieve/ease tension 缓解紧张
(a)tension between... and... ……和……之间的紧张局势(或关系、状况等)
muscle tension 肌肉紧张
dramatic tension 扣人心弦的紧张气氛
create an atmosphere of tension 制造紧张气氛
nervous tension 神经紧张
ease the tension 减轻压力/缓和紧张情绪
international/racial tensions 国际紧张局势/种族间的紧张关系
The obvious tension between Li Ming and Li Hua makes everyone uncomfortable.
李明和李华之间明显的紧张关系让每个人都不舒服。
As the movie progresses the tension builds.
随着电影剧情的发展，气氛越来越紧张。
[知识拓展]
a tense moment 令人紧张的时刻
tense silence 令人紧张的沉默
tense situation 令人紧张的情况
tense atmosphere 令人紧张的气氛
[词语积累]
tense adj.紧张的；拉紧的，绷紧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You could feel the ________ (tense) in the room as we waited for our exam results.
②The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more ________ (tension).
③At the same time multiple original projects are being ________ (tense) planned.
④The referee has done her best to keep calm but finds herself trembling with ________ (tense).
完成句子
⑤Watching the performance of comedy can help _____________ (缓和紧张情绪).
tension
tense
tensely
tension
ease the tension
3.increase vt. & vi. (使)增长，增加 n. [C，U]增长，增加
(教材P12)Finally, when we laugh, the level of stress chemicals in our body falls, and the number of immune cells in our body increases. 最后我们大笑时，体内的压力性物质水平会降低，而体内免疫细胞的数量会增加。
(1)increase to... 增加到……
increase by... 增加了……
increase from... to... 从……增加到……
(2)an increase in... ……方面的增长
be on the increase 在增加
Her weight has increased to 70 kilos.
她的体重增加到了70公斤。
Food prices increased by 10% in less than a year.
不到一年，食品价格就上涨了10%。
There was an increase in the town's population.
这个城镇的人口有所增长。
The people who own private cars are on the increase.
拥有私家车的人越来越多。
[归纳总结]
on the increase＝increasing在增加
increase, decrease后接介词to，表示增减后的结果；后接介词by，表示增减的程度或幅度。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They may have to widen the road to cope with the increase ________ traffic.
②The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is ________ the increase now.
③我们学校的学生人数已经增长到了 5 000。
___________________________________________________________
④去年，这个城市的房屋均价下降了13%。
___________________________________________________________
in
on
The number of the students in our school has increased to 5，000.
Average house prices in this city decreased by 13% last year.
4.mood n．[C]情绪；心情
(教材P108)Does it mean there is a relation between smiling and mood？这是否意味着微笑和情绪之间有关系？
in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
put sb into a good mood 让某人有个好心情
be/feel in the/no mood for sth. 有/没有心情做……
be/feel in the/no mood to do sth. 有/没有心情做某事
With his application rejected a second time, he was in a bad mood.
由于他的申请又一次被拒绝，他心情很糟。
I am in no mood for a joke.我没心情开玩笑。
He's always optimistic and looks in a good mood.
他总是很乐观，看起来心情很好。
[经典例句]
We really feel in the mood for a party tonight.
我们今晚真的想开场派对。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①He was ____________ (心情好)when he picked out the packaging for his daughter's present.
②He was ________________ (没有心情工作)for the institute, considering that his daughter had gone across the Atlantic.
③ 安德鲁和他的朋友为了一些小事大吵了一架。这就是他一整天都心情不好的原因。
Andrew and his friend had a bitter quarrel about some minor matters. That's why he was ___________ the whole day.
④他想去树林里走一走。
He was ____________ a walk in the woods.
in a good mood
in no mood to work
in a bad mood
in the mood for
5.energise vt.使充满活力；使增强决心；激励，使有能量＝(give energy to sb./sth.给予……能力/能量)
(教材P108)But if we always try to be positive and funny, people will enjoy our company and feel energised by it.但如果我们总是努力保持积极和风趣，人们就会喜欢我们的陪伴，并感到充满活力。
energy n. 精力，力量；活力；能量；能源
full of energy 精力充沛
energetic adj. 有活力的；精力充沛的
feel energetic 觉得精力充沛
There are many ways to be energised. For instance, you can have a good sleep.
有很多方法可以让你精力充沛。例如，你可以睡个好觉。
It will inspire, energize the citizens to help the society to improve further.
它将启发、激励公民去帮助这个社会进一步完善。
My new role as Goodwill Ambassador will give me the chance to energize the fight against TB through my music.
担任亲善大使这一新角色将使我有机会通过我的音乐来激励抗击结核病的斗争。
[图文助记]
[词义拓展]
energize vt. 激励；使活跃；供给……能量
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The little boy is incredibly ________ (energy) and doesn't go to bed until very late every night.
②Your work is so tiring that you need a refreshing and ________ (energise) fruit drink.
③My father is passionate about fishing and always full of ________ (energise).
energetic
energising
energy
6.incorporate vt. 把……并入；包含 incorporation n．社团；公司；结合，合并
(教材P108)Besides, when we incorporate humour as part of our life attitude, it can have far reaching effects.
并且，当我们把幽默作为我们生活态度的一部分时，它会产生深远的影响。
incorporate into/in 包括在内
The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.新的汽车设计包括了所有最新的安全配备。
This book contains all the information you need.
这本书包含你所需的一切信息。
Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的职责包括打印信件和接电话。
[近义词比较]
incorporate, include, contain
incorporate指包含，吸收；体现；把……合并。
include通常表示把某事物作为其中一部分包含在内，常构成分词短语：sth. included或including sth.。
contain通常用来指某容器盛有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many of your far-reaching suggestions have been ___________ (incorporate) in the plan.
②A number of significant improvements will be _________ (incorporate) in the new cars.
incorporated
incorporated
7.attitude n．态度；看法
(教材P108)Besides, when we incorporate humour as part of our life attitude, it can have far reaching effects.并且，当我们把幽默作为我们生活态度的一部分时，它会产生深远的影响。
an attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对……的态度/看法
have a good/bad attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对……持好/坏的态度
take a/an... attitude 采取……的态度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What is the author's attitude ________ viral infections
②We must have a positive attitude ________ life.
③We students should have a good attitude ________ our study.
towards
to/towards
to/towards
8.whisper vi. & vt.悄声说，低语，耳语；私下说 n．耳语，低语
(教材P109)After a while, somebody whispered in my ear...过了一会儿，有人在我耳边低语……
whisper sth. to sb./whisper to sb. sth. 向某人密谈某事
whisper (to sb.) that... (对某人)小声说……
whisper (sth.) in one's ear 跟某人耳语(某事)
whisper about sth. 密谈某事
in a whisper (＝in a low voice) 低声地
It is whispered that... 有人私下说……
Mike whispered to me that he had no appetite for anything.
迈克低声告诉我他什么也不想吃。
She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
她探过身去对他耳语了些什么。
It is whispered that the document will be circulated to all employees.有人私下说这份文件将在所有的雇员中传阅。
“What do we intend to do next？”he asked in a whisper.
“我们下一步打算做什么？”他低声问道。
I heard the children whispering about the travel at weekend when I passed their room.
当我经过孩子们的房间时，我听到孩子们在密谈周末旅行的事。
[经典例句]
He whispered in her ear that he'd take her out to dinner tonight.
他对她轻声说，今天晚上带她出去吃晚饭。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There're a couple in the corner, ________ (whisper) sweet things to each other.
完成句子
②_______________ (大家私底下说) it makes no sense to build such a big school.
③“Where are you going？” he asked __________ (低声地).
④Mum ___________ (向……低语) us, “Be quiet! Your little sister is sleeping.”
whispering
It is whispered that
in a whisper
whispered to
9.embarrassment n．窘迫，尴尬 embarrass v．使尴尬；使窘迫 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
(教材P109)I made a joke about myself and that helped solve all the embarrassments.我开了一个关于我自己的玩笑，化解了所有的尴尬。
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
hide one's embarrassment 掩饰某人的难堪
financial embarrassment 财务拮据
embarrass sb. with sth./by doing sth. 以……难住某人或使某人窘迫
be embarrassed at/about such a request 对这样的请求感到为难
be embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到不好意思
be embarrassed by sb.'s praise 因为某人的表扬而感到窘迫
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Much ________ her embarrassment, she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
②He was embarrassed ________ (admit) making a mistake.
③Her questions about my physical situations embarrassed ________ (I).
④It was an __________ (embarrass) situation, which made me upset.
⑤Don't embarrass them ________ personal questions.
to
to admit
me
embarassing
with
10.expense n．费用，花费
(教材P109)That way, other people can laugh too, without being rude about laughing at someone else's expense.
这样，其他人也可以笑，而不会因取笑别人而变得无礼。
at sb.'s expense 嘲笑某人；由某人负担费用
at the expense of 以……为代价
spare no expense 不惜一切代价
We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
He made a million dollars at the expense of his own health.
他牺牲自己的健康赚了一百万美元。
The money he earned couldn't cover their daily expenses, about which his wife was constantly complaining.他挣的钱无法应付他们的日常开支，他的妻子对此抱怨不已。
[词语拓展]
cut down on one's expenses削减开支
cover one's daily expenses应付日常开支
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I bought a laptop ________ my own expense.
②This article highlights the consequences of working hard ________ the expense of your health.
完成句子
③He occasionally travels abroad ________________ (由他父亲付费).
④As an educationalist, he ______________ (不惜一切代价) to improve the educational conditions in the poor areas.
at
at
at his father's expense
spares no expense
第二版块：重点短语
1．draw one's attention引起某人的注意
(教材P13)Some speakers use questions from time to time to draw the audience's attention.
一些演讲者会时不时地用一些问题来吸引听众的注意。
pay attention to... 注意……(to为介词)
catch/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
bring sth. to one's attention 使某事引起某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on... 某人将注意力集中于……
The boy shouted loudly in order to draw his parents' attention to the danger.
那个男孩大声喊叫以使父母注意危险。
When you are copying the article, pay attention to not leaving out any words.
当你抄写这篇文章的时候，注意不要遗漏任何单词。
[经典例句]
Little Jenny was reading a book when a butterfly flew by and caught/drew/attracted her attention. Therefore, she couldn't fix/focus/concentrate her attention on the book any more.小珍妮正在读书，这时一只蝴蝶飞过，引起了她的注意。因此，她无法再把注意力集中在书上了。
[用法详解]
draw one's attention意为“引起某人的注意”，后可跟介词to，表示”引起某人对……的注意”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On World AIDS Day, the minister of the health department demanded that the problem should be paid special attention ________．
②The purpose of the article is to draw public attention ________ the traffic problem.
完成句子
③他敲窗户以吸引我的注意。
He knocked on the window _________________________．
to
to
to draw/catch/attract my attention
2.focus on专注于
(教材P13)Listen carefully to the questions and focus on the answers.仔细听问题，并注意答案。
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于”表达法集锦：
This year our meeting focuses on children's rights.
今年，我们的会议关注的是儿童的权益。
It took her a lot of time to focus on preparing her classes and correcting her students' homework.
集中精力备课和批改学生的作业花费了她很多时间。
We need to focus public attention on this issue.
我们需要把公众的注意力集中到这个问题上来。
[用法详解]
focus on意为“集中注意力/精力于……”，on可用upon替换。
[特别提醒]
focus既可作不及物动词，后面加介词on/upon，也可作及物动词，构成focus sth. on/upon sb./sth.结构。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus ________ her studies.
②Catherine was seated on the sofa, totally absorbed ________ the book about youth and dreams.
③You should concentrate ________ the road when you're driving, or you may be in danger.
完成句子
④由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。
I can't __________________________ the book with him singing next door. (focus)
on/upon
in
on
focus on/upon或focus my mind on
3.keep on doing sth.继续做某事
(教材P109)I kept on getting the host's name wrong！我一直叫错举办者的名字！
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
My sister kept on asking me question after question.
我妹妹不停地问我一个又一个问题。
I was getting increasingly tired, but I kept on walking.
我越来越累，但我还一直在走。
[归纳拓展]
keep 构成的其他短语：
keep away from 避免接近，远离
keep... in mind 将……记在心中
keep up 使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)；(与……)齐步前进；沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物
keep back 抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露；隐瞒
[即学即练] 用keep的相关短语完成句子
①If you ________ working hard like this, you will succeed one day.
②Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short-term and long-term objectives, ________ your belief ________．
③The villagers in this remote mountain village often get together to ______ the cultural traditions and celebrate the festivals as their forefathers did.
keep on
keeping
in mind
keep up
4.all the time总是；一直
(教材P108)．..because it makes us laugh all the time.……因为它使我们总是笑个不停。
at any time 在任何时候
at a time 一次；每次
at no time 决不
at times 有时；不时
at the same time 同时；不过；然而
at all times 时常；总是
at one time 曾经；一度
They'll swear that they left it in the changing room, create havoc (混乱) and then discover it had been in their car all the time.他们会信誓旦旦地说他们把它放在更衣室里了，弄得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的汽车里。
The clown is getting exercise, and he is enjoying it at the same time.
那位小丑在运动，同时也享受着其中的乐趣。
At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case.他一生中从未像那回那样勇敢。
[词语拓展]
at times有时，偶尔
in time 及时；迟早，最终
on time 准时，按时
once upon a time 很久以前
over time 渐渐地，随着时间的流逝
time after time 一再，很多次
time and (time) again 一再，很多次
It's time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth. 某人该做某事了
take one's time不要急；慢慢来
[词语拓展]
in no time立刻；马上
have a．.. time过得……
by the time到……时候
for the time being现在
from time to time不时，偶尔
[即学即练] 一句多译
是我回家的时候了。
①It's time that I ______ back home.
②It's about time that I _________ back home.
③It's _________ that I went back home.
④It's high time that I _________ back home.
⑤You will see that your parents were right _______．
单句语法填空
⑥Once ______ a time, there ______ (live) a beautiful princess _______ (name) Snow White.
⑦He wins the 100-meter dash time ______ time. He is really a great athlete.
完成句子
⑧He has no time to talk to you. He is busy __________ (总是).
went
should go
high time
should go
in time
upon
lived
named
after
all the time
第三版块：典型句式
1．as if好像，似乎(＝as though)
(教材P108)It's almost as if humour is hard-wired into us.
幽默似乎是我们与生俱来的。
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他谈起来好像他知道全部事情。
He kept working as if nothing had happened.
他继续工作，好像什么都没有发生过。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去好像要下雨。(事实上真是要下雨)
It seems as if he didn't care about anything around him.
看起来他好像不在乎周围的任何事物。(表语从句)
He acts as if he had never been defeated by his opponent.
他表现得好像从未被对手击败过。(方式状语从句)
[名师点津]
(1)as if可以置于be, look, seem, feel等连系动词后引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。
(2)as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。
(3)as if引导的从句有时也可以用陈述语气，表示说话者认为从句所述的情况是事实。
虚拟情况 从句中谓语动词的形式
与现在事实不符 过去式(be动词用were)
与过去事实不符 had＋过去分词
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should＋动词原形
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it
②It seems as if our teacher ________ (look) for something in the classroom.
③He talks as if he ________ (know) everything in the world.
④Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________ (do) something very clever.
⑤Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (be) made of steel.
⑥Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ (happen) yesterday.
完成句子
⑦It seems ____________________ (她好像心情不好).
⑧It sounds ____________________________________ (他好像没有接受她的邀请的打算) but he has a strong urge to take part in it.
had done
is looking
knew
had done
were
happened
as if she is in a bad mood
as if he had no intention to accept her invitation
2.prove that...证明……
(教材P108)Scientists have proved that there is a two-way effect between smiling and mood...科学家们已经证明在微笑和情绪之间有一种双向影响……
[句式分析] 句中的proved是实义动词，意为“证明”，后面的that there is a two-way effect between smiling and mood是宾语从句。
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
Sb. prove(s) that... 某人证明……
It's proved that... 已经证实……
prove sb. to be 证明某人是……
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……
It is suggested that... 人们建议……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is thought that... 人们认为……
Your computer skills should prove to be useful.
你的计算机技能应该证明是有用的。
It proves that the book is of great value.
这本书证明是有价值的。
On the long journey he proved himself to be an amusing companion.
在这次长途旅行中，他证明了自己是一个有趣的同伴。
It was proved that steam is hotter than boiling water.
蒸汽比沸水要烫的事实是被证明过的。
It is said that he studied abroad, but we don't know which country he studied in.
＝He is said to have studied abroad, but we don't know which country he studied in.
据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他在哪个国家学习。
[名师警示]
prove可作及物动词，后接宾语。prove还可作连系动词，意为“证明是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是prove (to be)＋adj./n.。
[句式链接]
“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句．”结构中，it为形式主语；that引导的从句为真正的主语。
“It be＋过去分词＋that从句．”句型可与“Sb./Sth. be＋过去分词＋to do...”句型相互转换。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The new evidence proved his ________ (innocent).
②The new evidence proved him ________ (innocence).
③The new evidence proved him to be ________ (innocence).
④I will prove my ability ________ other people in the future.
⑤Recent discoveries have proved his theory _________ (right).
⑥Recent discoveries have proved that his theory _______ (right).
⑦His theory proves __________ (right).
⑧It is proved that his theory _______ (right).
innocence
innocent
innocent
to
(to be) right
is right
(to be) right
is right
3.“be likely to...”结构
(教材P108)We all know that if we are in a bad mood，we are likely to express negative attitudes and feelings; and this makes those around us down，too.我们都知道，如果我们心情不好，我们很可能会表达消极的态度和情绪；这也会让我们周围的人情绪低落。
[句式分析] likely常用于“Sb./Sth.＋be likely to do sth.”句型中，该句型常与“It＋be likely that..”互换。
Sb./Sth. is likely to do... 某人/某事有可能……
It is likely that... 有可能……
not likely 才不会呢(交际用语)
I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.＝It is likely that I will be very busy tomorrow.
明天我可能会很忙。
It is likely that prices will go up.＝Prices are likely to go up.物价有可能上涨。
It's likely that he doesn't know how much it is worth.
他可能不知道此物的价值。
It's likely that he will succeed.＝He is likely to succeed.
他可能会成功。
Researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.
研究人员发现，性格开朗的人染病的概率更小。
[易错辨析] likely/possible/probable
likely表示某事很可能发生，与probable意思相近，但主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...”或“Sb./Sth. be likely to do...”句型中，但不能说“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”。
possible可能性相对小，作表语时，主语不能是人，常用句式为“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。
probable带有“很可能”的意味，语气比possible强，作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that...”。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他可能出席会议。
①_________________________________________________________
②_________________________________________________________
③_________________________________________________________
④_________________________________________________________
It is possible for him to attend the meeting.
It is probable that he will attend the meeting.
He is likely to attend the meeting.
It is likely that he will attend the meeting.
4.感叹句
(教材P109)How clever! 多聪明啊！
[句式分析] 本句是一个省略式的感叹句，其完整形式为“How clever you are！”。感叹句句型用来表示说话者的惊异、喜悦、沮丧等情绪。
(1)What＋
(2)How＋
(3)How＋S.＋V.！(how直接修饰谓语动词)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ a wonderful article it is!
②________ beautiful flowers they are!
③________ clean and tidy the room is!
④________ a clever boy Tom is!
＝How clever a boy Tom is!
⑤________ time flies!
⑥You'll imagine what difficulty we had ________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
What
What
How
What
How
walking
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In the effort to understand AIDS, attention is moving from the infection to the ________ (免疫的) system.
2．The woman patted her husband, blushed and ________ (低语；耳语) with urgency in his ear.
3．The facts could cause ____________ (窘迫；尴尬) if they became public accidentally.
4．It was said that he went to great ________ (费用；花费) to install the modern equipment in the scientific lab.
5．We can get a new substance if we __________ (把……并入) a chemical substance into others.
immune
whispered
embarrassment
expense
incorporate
6．Smiling has actually been shown to relieve ________ (紧张；焦虑) and stress.
7．In the physical exercise, ________ (肌肉) cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories.
8．Even minor head injuries can cause far-reaching ___________ (心理的；精神的) effects.
9．Your enthusiasm will ________ (使充满活力) not just you, but also other people around you!
10．A brisk walk in the fresh air can lift your ________ (心情；情绪) and dissolve a winter depression.
tension
muscle
psychological
energise
mood
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．After examining my wound, the doctor _______ (whisper) something in the nurse's ear.
2．She blushed with ____________ (embarrass), once she realised what she had done.
3．I was in a bad mood at that time because I ___________ (accident) broke the window.
4．The seller must provide the buyer ________ his own expense with the usual transport document without delay.
5．Cycling is good exercise and it strengthens all the ________ (muscle) of the body and immune system.
whispered
embarrassment
accidentally
at
muscles
6．But more importantly, a happy life should also include the physical and __________ (psychology) aspects.
7．By working out, you improve your physical appearance, ________ (energy) yourself, and accomplish something positively.
8．The technique consists of injecting healthy ________ (cell) into the weakened muscles.
9．One deduction is that the _________ (infect) has been present in humans for a very long time.
10．It's the age of ___________ (incorporate); have you ever thought about faithful cooperation
psychological
energise
cells
infection
incorporation
Ⅲ.短语填空
at sb's expense, laugh at, by accident, be embarrassed at, in a whisper, incorporate into, the number of, to one's relief, be beneficial to, all the time
1．___________， someone had found her keys and handed them in.
2．She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was __________ or by design, I'm not sure.
3．He always talks ___________， so it's sometimes difficult to hear what he's saying.
4．They _________ me and afterwards told me it was impossible to achieve my goals.
5．They screamed _________ and thought it couldn't be bad for the baby.
To her relief
by accident
in a whisper
laughed at
laughed at
6．She screamed at the waiter and her friends at the table ________________ what she did.
7．I came up with the deductions and several ideas that I want to _____________ my business.
8．When this book failed to find a publisher and was in crisis, his father encouraged him to publish ___________．
9．A balanced diet and a moderate amount of sport ____________one's physical health.
10．The drug increases ___________ red cells in the blood, enhancing oxygen uptake by 10 percent.
were embarrassed at
incorporate into
at his expense
are beneficial to
the number of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．It is __________ (绝非偶然) that indeed Tango has so many potential lovers all around the world.
2．They _______________________ (很可能会积极回应) to the manager's announcement and take action immediately.
3．__________ (多聪明) you are! Could you tell me what makes you deduce that I am the author of the letter
4．To our joy, the new scientific method has finally ___________ (证明) a success.
5．It sounds __________ (好像) they might have made a dreadful mistake in measurement.
by no accident
are likely to respond positively
How clever
proved to be
as if/though
Ⅴ.单句写作
1．他们也已经证明了自己现在要比以往更加了解大气层。(prove, atmosphere)
___________________________________________________________
2．他们随意忽略这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在。(as if, casually)
___________________________________________________________
3．它以结构及灵活性为代价换来了最佳性能。(expense)
___________________________________________________________
4．她尖叫着说：“这些日子以来天气真糟糕！”(scream)
___________________________________________________________
5．不同规模的公司很可能会使用不同的计量标准和流程。(likely, measurement)
___________________________________________________________
They have also proved that they now have a better understanding of the atmosphere.
They casually ignored these facts as if they never existed.
It gives optimal performance at the expense of structure and flexibility.
She screamed, “What terrible weather we have been having these days！”
It's likely that companies of different size use different measurement standards and processes.(共21张PPT)
Part E Grammar—Continuous
Tenses (进行时态)
一、将来进行时
1．概念
将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行、可能发生或预计要发生的动作。
2．构成形式：will/shall be doing
shall用于第一人称；will可用于各种人称。美式英语中所有人称都用will。
I shall be watching the opening ceremony of the Asian Games that day.
那天我将在观看亚运会的开幕式。
3．用法
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带时间状语。
They will be flying across the Atlantic at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
今天下午五点钟他们将正在飞越大西洋。
(2)表示已经决定或安排好的要发生的动作。
I will be seeing you next week.我下个星期来看你。
(3)表示预料中要发生的动作。
In 3000, a lot of people will be living underground.
在3000年，很多人将生活在地下。
(4)将来进行时用于疑问句、条件状语从句或主句中有I hope/think等，表示亲切或委婉的语气。
If you will be needing me for help, please let me know.你如果需要我的帮助，请告诉我。
4．一般将来时与将来进行时的比较
(1)“will/shall＋动词原形”通常表示临时决定、安排或个人意愿，而将来进行时没有这种用法。
It is a terribly heavy box. Don't worry, I'll help you to carry it.
这是一个很重的箱子。别担心，我来帮你拿它。(临时决定)
I'll be talking with him about the plan this evening.我今晚要和他谈论这个计划。(表示稍后的安排)
(2)将来进行时比一般将来时更委婉、更亲切。
When will you return the money I lent you to me？你什么时候把我借给你的钱还给我？
When will you be returning the money I lent you to me
请问，你什么时候把我借给你的钱还给我啊？
(3)be going to do表示计划、打算和安排要发生的或有种种迹象表明将要发生的事；而将来进行时表示主观上判断和猜测要发生某事。
He's going to do a favour for John.
他准备给约翰帮个忙。(计划、打算和安排)
He will be doing a favour for John.
他要帮约翰一个忙。(强调主观上的判断和猜测)
二、现在完成进行时
1．概念
表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚终止或者可能仍然要继续下去。
2．构成
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。
3．用法
(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作是否继续下去，则由上下文决定。它常与表示与现在有关的一段时间的状语连用，如all the time, this week, this month, all day, all the morning, these days, for＋时间段，since＋时间点。
For years, we have been demanding better jobs and housing.
多年来，我们一直在要求有更好的工作和居住条件。
We have been studying English since three years ago.三年以来，我们一直学英语。
(2)表示某一动作在断断续续地重复，常带有感彩。常见的时间状语有all the time, many times, this month, recently, for two years等。
He has been saying he is tired of his work recently.近来他老是说厌倦了自己的工作。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在访问中国的几个城市。
(3)表示“刚才”或“近来”发生的动作。这一动作到说话时已经结束，而且一般不再继续下去。常见的时间状语有all the time, all the morning, all the day等。
I'm very tired. I've been painting the room.
我很累，我一直在粉刷房间。
My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain.我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
4．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调动作在过去已经完成，但对现在有影响或其结果现在仍然存在；而现在完成进行时强调动作本身，是一种持续的(但不一定是结束了的)活动。
I have written a book on UFO. It was finished last year.
我写了一本关于UFO的书，这本书是去年写完的。
I have been writing a book on UFO. I should be able to finish it early next year.
我一直在写一本关于UFO的书，我应该在明年年初就能写完。
(2)现在完成时陈述事实；而现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感彩。
My father has lost his keys.
我父亲把他的钥匙弄丢了。(陈述事实)
My father has always been losing his keys.
我父亲老是弄丢自己的钥匙。(含责怪或无奈之意)
(3)现在完成时既可用于状态性动词，也可用于动作性动词；而现在完成进行时通常只用于动作性动词。
I have had this computer for 10 years, with which I have written plenty of articles.
我已拥有这台电脑10年之久了，并用它写了大量的文章。
I have been writing articles with this computer for 10 years.10年来我一直用这台电脑写文章。
(4)有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay)在表示持续一段时间时在这两种时态中含义差不多(只是现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。
—How long have you worked/been working here？你在这儿工作多长时间了？
—Ten years.10年了。
三、过去完成进行时
1．概念
过去完成进行时(The Past Perfect Progressive)强调动作从过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去的某个时间点，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。
2．构成
过去完成进行时由“had been＋动词的现在分词”构成。
3．用法
(1)过去完成进行时表示某个动作或状态从过去开始发生或存在，一直延续到过去另一时间，有可能就此结束，有可能继续延续下去(强调从过去到过去某个时间一直在进行着的动作或状态)。
The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.
电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。
How long had it been raining before you went to school？你上学前雨下了多长时间了？
(2)如果上下文清楚，表示过去具体时间的状语也可省去。
He was tired. He had been working all day.
他累了。他工作了一整天。
(3)过去完成进行时还常用在间接引语中。
The doctor asked what Tom had been eating.
医生问汤姆一直在吃什么。
(4)和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时后亦可接具有“突然”意义的when从句(此从句用一般过去时)。
I had only been watching TV for a few minutes when he called me.
我刚看了几分钟电视他就打电话给我了。
4．注意事项
(1)过去完成进行时表示在过去某个具体时间之前正在进行的动作，强调动作的持续性，而不是最终结果。
It was 10：00 a．m. The runners had been running since 8：30 a．m.
当时是上午10点，跑步者从上午8点30分就一直在跑了。
(2)过去完成进行时总是表示与过去另一动作之间的关系。用过去完成进行时表示先发生的事件，用一般过去时表示后发生的事件。
She had been practising for three years when she entered the race.
她参加比赛时已练习了三年。(她先练习，后参加比赛)
(3)表示基于过去事件得出的结论。
She was out of breath. It was clear that she had been running.
她上气不接下气。很明显她一直在跑。
5．过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较
两种时态都是以过去的时间为前提。过去完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；过去完成进行时强调动作在过去某段时间内持续进行或反复进行。
My mother had cleaned my room, so it was very tidy.我的妈妈已经打扫了我的房间，所以房间很整洁。(强调结果)
My mother had been cleaning the room, so I had to help her.我的妈妈一直在打扫房间，所以我不得不帮忙。(强调动作一直在进行)
6．过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时的比较
过去完成进行时以过去的某个时间为参照，其构成为“had been＋动词的现在分词”，表示动作开始于过去某个时间之前，并持续进行到这个过去的时间。现在完成进行时以现在的时间为参照，其构成为“have/has been＋动词的现在分词”，表示开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调刚刚终止或可能继续进行下去的动作。
I have been writing letters all the morning.
整个上午我一直在写信。(以现在的时间为参照)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow evening I ___________ (have) a party.
2．You should go to bed for your well-being. You ________________ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
3．I'm tired out. I ________________ (shop) all afternoon, and I don't seem to have finished anything.
4．Mother wanted to be a faithful provider, a role she _______________ (shoulder) since her marriage to father.
5．Here he is! We _______________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
shall be having
have been watching
have been shopping
has been shouldering
have been waiting
6．Mr. Black felt dizzy and realized that he ___________________ (overwork), so he decided to take a couple of days' holiday.
7．When he arrived at the station anxiously, he found the train _____________ (wait) for passengers.
8．The students are studying Module 1 this week, and potentially next week they ____________ (study) Module 2.
9．If Mike ________ (do) his homework when you get to the doorway, don't disturb him.
10．I _____________ (write) letters since 6 o'clock and now I feel dizzy.
had been overworking
had been waiting
will be studying
is doing
have been writing
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这个女孩对体育运动很感兴趣，在过去的3年里一直一周两次去上羽毛球课。
The girl has a great interest in sport and __________________________ twice a week over the last three years.
2．约翰说我进来之前他一直在打文件。
John said that ____________________ before I came in.
3．西安的名胜古迹一直吸引我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正在那儿玩得愉快。
The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time, and I hope ______________________ there this time next year.
4．明天这个时候他将在路上练习开车。
At this time tomorrow ___________________ on the road.
has been taking badminton classes
he had been typing a paper
we will be enjoying ourselves
he'll be practising driving
5．因为露西失业了，她一直在考虑回学校读书，但她还没有决定。
Now that Lucy is out of job, she ______________________________， but she hasn't decided yet.
6．他们收到了他们期待已久的包裹。
They received the parcel _____________________ for a long time.
7．明天他来我家时，我将正在写报告。
When he comes to my house tomorrow, ____________________．
8．我在办公室时，他一直在看书。
________________ all the time while I was in the office.
9．凯茜正在课堂上记语法规则的笔记，她在这里学英语已经一年了。
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class, where she ___________________ for a year.
has been considering going back to school
that they had been expecting
I will be writing the report
He had been reading
has been studying English
