(共32张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
新 课 导 入
视频：Success in the Face of Hardship
Starting out
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1
They are Stephen Hawking, Nelson Mandela and Xu Beihong.
Their achievements:
Stephen Hawking was one of the world’s leading scientists. His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988, which became a best-seller.
Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa, who fought passionately against the all-white government’s system of racial separation. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Xu Beihong was a Chinese artist who created a new form of national art that combined traditional Chinese painting techniques with Western composition to reflect a modern China.
1. Who are the people mentioned in the video and what are their achievements
2. What made them successful
Their personal qualities of perseverance, willpower, determination, patience, leadership, talent and hard work made them successful.
课 堂 学 习
2
Listen and read the poem. Answer the questions.
Don’t quit
When things go wrong as they sometimes will,
When the road you’re trudging seems all uphill,
When the funds are low and the debts are high,
And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,
When care is pressing you down a bit,
Rest if you must, but don’t you quit.
Life is queer with its twists and turns,
As every one of us sometimes learns,
And many a failure turns about,
When he might have won had he stuck it out;
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow—
You may succeed with another blow.
Success is failure turned inside out—
The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,
And you never can tell just how close you are,
It may be near when it seems so far;
So stick to the fight when you’re hardest hit—
It’s when things seem worst that you must not quit.
(Excerpts from “Don’t quit” by Edgar Albert Guest)
1. What is the key message of the poem
2. Which of life’s difficulties are mentioned in the poem What is your understanding of the line “Success is failure turned inside out”
The poem is all about perseverance, determination and willpower. Never give up especially when things go wrong. It reminds us that there are elements of success within every failure, so we mustn’t quit whatever difficulties we may encounter in life.
Things sometimes go wrong; the road seems all uphill; the funds are low and the debts are high.
Within each failure are lessons that must be learnt in order to succeed. On the road to success, you have to experience failure first. In other words, “failure is the mother of success”.
3. Do you like the poem Give your reasons.
Yes. The poem teaches me to stick to my goals and never give up.
Understanding ideas
1
Research these writers online and match them to the information.
J.D. Salinger
Emily Brontё
J.K. Rowling
1 ______________ has the same birthday as his / her most famous character: 31 July.
2 ______________ may have written and hidden several unpublished works.
3 ______________ had to pay to have his / her poetry published.
J.K. Rowling
J.D. Salinger
Emily Brontё
Now share anything else you know about these writers with the class.
Joanne Rowling
Joanne Rowling is a British author, screenwriter and producer, who uses the pen names J.K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith. She is best-known for writing the Harry Potter books, which to date have been sold over 400 million copies and have won many awards. The books have also been made into films, of which Rowling approved all scripts and was a producer on the final versions.
Jerome David Salinger
Jerome David Salinger (1919-2010) was an American writer known for his widely-read novel The Catcher in the Rye. Following his early success publishing short stories and The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century. He published his final original work in 1965 and had not been interviewed since 1980.
Emily Jane Brontё
Emily Jane Bronte (1818-1848) was an English writer who wrote under the pen name Ellis Bell. She is best known for her one novel, Wuthering Heights, today a classic of English literature. Emily had three siblings who reached adulthood: her sisters, Charlotte and Anne, and her brother, Branwell.
2
Read the passage and find out what problems the writers overcame.
1 “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.
2 Take for example J.K. Rowling. When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. Rowling had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book, she received
We Regret to Inform You...
comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be interested in it”. Nevertheless, she persevered. “I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen,” she later posted. After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.
3 All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection. J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published. “We feel that we don’t know the central character well enough” was the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye. Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D. Salinger refused to give up. Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service. When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.
4 Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers. As the then Poet Laureate, Robert Southey, wrote to one of them: “Literature cannot be the business of a woman’s life, and it ought not to be.” Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying. Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn’t give up. They started writing novels, and today Charlotte Bront ’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bront ’s Wuthering Heights and Anne Bront ’s Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature. In fact, it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words: “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends...”
5 So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”
J.K. Rowling
J.D. Salinger
Bront sisters
She spent years surviving on little money and her first book received
criticism from publishers and was rejected twelve times.
He received criticism and rejections from publishers.
At that time, women were not encouraged
to become writers.
Their book of poems which they wrote under male names only sold two copies.
3
Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.
1 Life is Hard for Female Writers
2 Good Things Come to Those Who Wait
3 Never Give Up on Your Dreams
4 Successful Writers
The works of these writers in this article were all denied and rejected by publishers at the beginning, but finally, with their efforts and perseverance, their published books were welcomed by readers and their dreams were realized.
4
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. We can infer from the first paragraph that ________.
A. each writer succeeded after many failures
B. each writer was rejected for poor works
C. a lot of writers succeeded overnight
D. it’s common that a writer is rejected by a publisher
2. What can we conclude about J.K. Rowling from the second paragraph
A. She knew many famous writers had previously faced rejections.
B. She got frustrated by the first rejection letter and gave up.
C. Her first book of Harry Potter published at her first attempt.
D. She revised her first book following the advice of publishers.
3. What is special about J.D. Salinger from other writers mentioned in this passage
A. He had faced many rejections before his novel was published.
B. He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind.
C. He worked on his novel when serving in the army.
D. His novel was not popular when it was first published.
4. Why did the Bront sisters write a book of poems under male names
A. Because they didn’t want to be famous.
B. Because they didn’t love their own names.
C. Because women weren’ t encouraged to become writers at that time.
D. Because their father didn’t allow them to use their own names.
5. Which of the following does the writer think plays the most important part in achieving success
A. Talent. B. Hard work.
C. Luck. D. Perseverance.
5
Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.
Introduction
__________________________________________________
Example 1
Writer: ________________
Best known for: _____________________
Experience of rejection: ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Eventual outcome:
__________________________________________________________________
A lot of successful writers have previously faced rejection.
J.K. Rowling
She was told that her book was too difficult and too long
for children and it was rejected twelve times by publishers.
Harry Potter became a global success.
Harry Potter
Example 2
Writer: ________________
Best known for: _____________________
Experience of rejection:
_____________________________________________________
Eventual outcome:
_____________________________________________________________________________
The catcher in the Rye
He received criticism and rejections from several publishers.
J.D. Salinger
The Catcher in the Rye became an immediate best-seller after it was published.
Example 3
Writers:________________
Best known for: __________________________________________
Experience of rejection:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Eventual outcome:
_______________________________________________________
Bront sisters
Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, Agnes Grey
Their novels are regarded as classics of world literature.
Women were not encouraged to become writers at that time.
Their book of poems which they wrote under male names sold only two copies.
Conclusion
__________________________________________________
Perseverance is the key to success.
6
Now read the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.
“We regret to inform you... ”
“We are delighted to inform you... ”
1. What might come next in each sentence
2. Which paragraph does each of the sentences come from
We regret to inform you that your book is rejected / turned down / refused...
We are delighted to inform you that your book is accepted / well-received...
“We regret to inform you...” comes from the first paragraph.
“We are delighted to inform you...” comes from the last paragraph.
3. Why does the author use them like this within the passage
The author intends to begin with the negative theme of rejection, but then reveal that perseverance can turn a bad beginning into a good ending. Or rather, success comes to those who don’t give up. In addition, the passage is made complete by the way in which the first sentence is mirrored by the last sentence.
Think & Share
1. What can you learn from these writers
2. Have you read any books by these writers Recommend one to your classmates.
3. Do you know of any other writer who had similar experiences Share their stories with the class.
4. What words and expressions from the passage have you used to tell these stories
Language points
1. When the funds are low and the debts are high ...
口袋空空，债台高筑时...
debt n. 债务，欠款；义务；罪，过失
【词汇拓展】
in debt to sb 欠某人的债
pay off a debt 还清债务
reduce debt 减少债务
repay a debt 偿还债务
deeply in debt 深陷债务之中
2. “We regret to inform you...”
regret v&n 遗憾；懊悔
【词汇拓展】
regret doing / having done sth 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事
to one’s regret 令人遗憾的是
regretful adj 后悔的，遗憾的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. However, when she hung up, she __________ (regret) the way she had handed the call.
2. I have regretted not ______________________ (take) his advice.
regretted
taking / having taken
inform v. 通知，告知
【词汇拓展】
be informed of 听说； 接到......的通知
be rightly informed 得到正确的知识 / 情报
be wrongly informed 得到错误的知识 / 情报
keep ... informed 随时向 ...... 报告情况
inform against sb 告发某人, 检举某人
3. Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.
大家都明白，成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。
本句中的rarely是表示否定意义的副词，意为not often，seldom。例如：We rarely meet each other recently. (我们最近很少见面。)
还有其他表示否定意义的副词，如little, seldom, never, scarcely等这类副词置于句首时整个句子需要倒装。
例如：Little does she know about the rules. (她对规则知之甚少。)
rejection n. 拒绝，否决
reject v. 拒绝，否决
4. Take for example J. K. Rowling.
以J. K. 罗琳为例
take for example 以……为榜样 / 例子
【词汇拓展】
take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来
take it easy 从容；不急；松懈
take sth seriously 重视某事；认真对待某事
take... for granted 认为……理所当然
take... as... 把……当成……
for example 例如；譬如
set sb. an example/set an example to sb 给某人树立榜样
follow one’s example 以某人为榜样，仿效某人
5. All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.
Paraphrase: In addition to rejection, many outstanding writers have frequently experienced their works being criticised.
all too often为固定搭配，意为frequently。
criticism n. 批评；指责
【词汇拓展】
criticise v. 批评，指责；评论
criticise sb for 因......批评某人
critical adj. 批评的，批判性的
critical thinking 批判性思维
6. “I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends...”
Paraphrase: I admire endurance, perseverance, industry and talent, because these help people achieve great success.
endurance n. 持久力，忍耐力
industry n. 勤奋，勤劳
【词汇拓展】
endure v. 持续存在，持久；忍受，忍耐
enduring adj. 持久的，持续的
enduringly adv. 耐久地；永久地
endurable adj. 能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的
Retell the problems the writers overcame.(共29张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
Have you ever read the book Three Days to See
If you have, introduce the main content of the book or some information about the author Helen Keller.
Helen Keller (June 27, 1880-June 1, 1968), is an American woman writer, educator and philanthropist (慈善家). When she was 19 months old, she was deprived of her eyesight and hearing due to acute encephalitis (脑炎). Later, she completed her studies at Harvard University with amazing perseverance and became the first blind deaf person to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree. She devoted her whole life to the benefit of the disabled and established many charities, completing 14 books, the most famous of which is “Three Days to See” and “My Life Story”. She was selected as “Top Ten American Idols in the 20th Century” by Time magazine, and also awarded “Presidential Medal of Freedom”(总统自由奖章). On June 1, 1968, Helen Keller died.
1. 通过阅读、理解课文内容并清晰叙述Helen Keller三天的愿望，理解并运用虚拟语气、倒装以及排比等修辞手法。
2. 能在理解课文的基础上，感悟文章主题，加深对单元主题意义的认识，形成面对困难不妥协、面对失败不放弃的积极人生态度。
课 堂 学 习
1
Look at the charts and answer the questions.
1. Are the numbers different from what you expected In what way
2. What special assistance can people with disabilities make use of in their daily lives
1. Your own ideas.
2. People with limited mobility problems could use wheelchairs, walking sticks, handrails...
People who have reduced vision could use special pavements for the blind, braille signs...
2
Read the passage and find out what the author would do if she could see.
1 I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
2 Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied.
3 How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days.
Three Days to See
4 On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”, the eye. I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face. I should like to see the books which have been read to me, and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep.
5 On my second day, I should like to see the pageant of man’s progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art. The things I knew through touch I should now see. The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies.
6 The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.
7 At midnight permanent night would close in on me again. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
8 I who am blind can give one hint to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. Smell the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.
(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller)
On the first day
On the second day
On the third day
On the first day, she would want to see the kind people who have helped her and accompanied her through life. Then she would like to see the books which have opened her mind. In the afternoon, she would take a long walk in the woods and appreciate the beauty of nature.
On the second day, she would like to see a display of the progress of civilisation. She would go to the museums and spend the evening at a theater or at the movies.
On the third day, she would again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. She would spend the third day observing people in their day-to-day life.
3
Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.
1 To help readers understand what it is like to be blind.
2 To make readers without disabilities appreciate what they have.
3 To persuade readers to care about the blind.
4
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Why does the author think it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life
A. She hopes all the people are like her.
B. She thinks that is a different experience.
C. She thinks it would make a person more appreciative.
D. She thinks life itself is dark and silent.
2. We can infer from the third paragraph that _____.
A. Keller would like to walk through the woods
B. Keller was shocked at her friend’s words
C. Keller liked touching some beautiful things
D. Keller also thought that nothing was worthy of note
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A. Keller thought that silence would teach a person the joys of sound.
B. Keller wished that she could see the kind people with her eyes.
C. Keller wished that she could spend the evening at a theatre.
D. Keller wasn’t eager to discover the new delights.
4. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Keller liked listening to the song of a bird.
B. Keller liked touching each object in the morning.
C. Keller thought sight must be the most delightful of all the senses.
D. Keller liked smelling the perfume of flowers.
Think Share:
1. What are the main wishes of the author Give an example.
2. Do you know of any stories about people with disabilities Share one with the class.
She wishes that she could see and hear everything around her, for example, the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made her life worth living and the books which have been read to her.
A Bing (formerly known as Hua Yanjun, August 17, 1893-December 4, 1950), a folk musician in China. In 1910, he played Taoist music. In 1918, he became blind due to eye diseases and therefore made a living as a busker. He has created and performed more than 270 folk music in his life. There are six pieces of music by Erhu which are still often played now.
3. How should we interact with people with disabilities
4. What qualities do both reading passages in this unit convey
1) Be respectful and patient. Someone who has a disability should be afforded the same amount of respect as anyone else. Remember the golden rule “treat others as you would like to be treated”
2) Never talk down to someone with a disability.
3) Don’t use labels or offensive terms, especially in a casual way.
4) Put yourself in the position of someone with a disability.
When faced with difficulties or having diasbilities, please be brave and positive. Never give up until you make it.
Learning to learn
Parallelism (排比) as a literary device is the use of expressions, clauses or sentences that are similar in their structure. It can make the content more rhythmic, engaging and easier to remember. It is commonly used in literary works and speeches.
5
Read the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.
Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same method can be applied to the other senses. Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of an orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail.
1. What sentence structure is used repeatedly What figure of speech is it
2. How does this technique help to express the author’s emotions
1. A similar structure is used repeatedly. Namely, “Use... as if... Hear... as if... Touch... as if...”. It is parallelism.
2. The use of parallelism in speech or writing allows speakers or writers to maintain a consistency within their work and creates a balanced flow of ideas. Moreover, parallelism can be used as a tool for persuasion.
Now make your own sentences using this technique.
6
Work in groups. Give a talk about your opinion on the sentence from the passage.
... it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.
1 Read and discuss the meaning of the sentence and decide whether you agree or disagree with it.
3 Give your talk to the class.
2 Organise your talk and make notes.
Point of view
Arguments
Supporting examples
Sample:
It would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life, which sounds ridiculous but is true in fact.
For one thing, we could value everything we used to take for granted. Second, we could experience the difficult situations the disabled persons have to experience every day. In turn you would be ready to help people in difficulty. For example, if you were blind and became a seeing person one day, can you imagine how wildly you were excited! It’s natural for you to help blind people because you had the same empathy. Finally, we could raise our awareness to keep healthy. Some dieting and sleeping habits tend to lead to eye diseases or hearing problems, which we could overlook everyday.
I think this is a good way to remind us to appreciate what we have now.
Language points
1. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.
我常常想，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间失明和失聪，那会是一件幸事。
blessing n. 幸事，幸运
stricken adj. 受灾的；患病的 ；受困扰的；受苦的
-stricken作为后缀，与某些名词连用，表示“受......侵袭的”，如flood-stricken area意为“遭受洪灾的地区”。
2. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教人享受声音的美妙。
appreciative adj. 感激的，感谢的；欣赏的，赏识的
【词汇拓展】
be appreciative of sth 感激某事，感谢某事
appreciate v. 感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识；理解，领会
appreciate (sb /sb’s) doing sth 感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if you could do sth 假如你能做某事，我将不胜感激
appreciation n. [U]欣赏；感激
I’d appreciate it if you could do...＝I’d be grateful if you could do... 并且it不能用任何词替换。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1) I’d appreciate ________ so much if you could contact me at your earliest convenience.
(2) I really appreciate you __________ (offer) to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to make it by myself.
(3) The author holds an ______________ (appreciate) attitude towards what Alice has done for her community.
(4) In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere ______________ (appreciate) to you for your help.
it
offering
appreciative
appreciation
3. How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note
我自问，在林子里散步一小时之久，怎么可能没看到任何值得注意的东西呢？
worthy adj. 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
【词汇拓展】
be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done 某事值得被做……
be worthy of+n 值得......
worth adj. 值得，具有……价值的
be worth doing ……值得做
be worth sth ……价值是……
worthwhile adj. 重要的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）
It’s worthwhile to do / doing sth 做某事是值得的
[即学即练] 一句多译
这个博物馆值得参观。
①_________________________________________ (worthwhile)
②__________________________________________________ (worthy)
③__________________________________ (worth)
It is worthwhile to visit / visiting the museum.
The museum is worthy of being visited / to be visited / a visit.
The museum is worth visiting.
4. And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days.
paraphrase: I have thought of what I would like to see of this world, if I were given eyesight for three days.
我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。
本句使用了虚拟语气，say 在本句中的意思是：“认为；假定；比方说”
在表示可能发生或可能正确时使用，常用形式为 ... say ...
例如：If we put out, say, ten chairs, would that be enough
如果我们搬出去比方说10把椅子，够不够？
5. On my second day, I should like to see the pageant of man’s progress, and I should go to the museums.
第二天，我要了解人类发展的缤纷场景，我要去博物馆。
pageant n. 盛大的（露天）演出；<史>露天舞台场景，活动舞台场景；选美（竞赛）
【词汇拓展】
the pageant of （历史事件的）缤纷场景
6. Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.
这天我要过平凡的生活，到那些为生活忙碌的人常去的地方。
workaday adj. 平凡的；平淡的
amid prep. 在......之中
haunt n. 常去的地方；栖息地
go about 从事；忙于；开始做
【词汇拓展】
go through 经历(苦难等)
go over 仔细检查(或审查，查阅)
go against 反抗，违反；对……不利
go in for 爱好；参加(考试或竞赛)
go by 走过；流逝
7. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
本句是一个倒装句，强调时间状语。当副词only置于句首修饰状语时，主句通常用倒装结构。例如：
Only in this way can we work out the problem. 只有用这个办法，我们才能解决问题。
descend v. （黑暗、寂静等突然）降临；（感情等突然）袭来
常见搭配为descend on / upon / over，例如：
Total silence descened on the room. 房间里突然一片寂静。
Tell what you learned from the passage.(共12张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
Suppose one of your good friends failed in an exam. How would you comfort him
课 堂 学 习
1
Listen to the conversation and number the pictures according to the sequence of events.
1
2
3
4
2
Listen again and complete the journal entry.
Friday 10 May
Today I came across my friend DaWei. He looked sad, so I asked him what was wrong. He said that he failed in a 1________________________ contest. Before the contest, he competed against a girl at school. He won, but he said it was because 2____________. He thought the girl should have gone to 3_____________________ instead. If she had, the school would have been 4___________. I tried to make him look on the bright side, and he admitted that he had a good time at the national contest. He met some 5_______________ and he liked the city. He also said his parents felt 6_____________. I think I made him feel better.
national English speaking
he was lucky
the national competition
well-known
fantastic people
proud of him
Now act out a conversation between Dawei and Jack, and think about how you would comfort Dawei if you were Jack.
Jack: Hi, Dawei. Are you OK
Dawei: Yeah... I’m all right, I suppose.
Jack: OK... I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure You look down.
Dawei: I could be better, to be honest.
Jack: That’s what I thought. Why don’t you tell me what’s up
Dawei: Well, I took part in a national English speaking competition in Beijing, and I finished in last place.
Jack: Oh, really I’m sorry to hear that. I’m sure you did your best, though.
Dawei: I did, but it wasn’t good enough. The other kids were just better than me.
Jack: But you must have been very good to get into the competition. You should be proud of yourself.
Dawei: Well, there was a competition at school first that was held to see who would go into the national competition. I won that, but...
Jack: There you go! You have no reason to be sad. You’re the best English speaker at school.
Dawei: That’s the problem. I don’t think I am. I think Liu Jing is better than me, and she should have gone to Beijing instead of me.
Jack: Who’s Liu Jing
Dawei: She’s a girl in my class. When we did the school competition, we were the top two students. The final school competition was between me and her - the winner would go to Beijing.
Jack: OK, but you won, fair and square. Why are you so upset
Dawei: I think I was just lucky. Liu Jing’s much better at English than I am. If she had gone to the national competition, she would have won. Our school would have become well known, and everyone would have been happy. Instead, I went to Beijing and lost.
Jack: Oh, Dawei, you can’t think like that! Who knows what would have happened I know this is hard for you, but you should cheer up. I mean, did you have a good time in Beijing
Dawei: Yes, I suppose I did. It’s a really exciting city, and I met some fantastic people.
Jack: There you go! You had a good time. And I’m sure your parents are proud of you!
Dawei: They are, yes. It was a great experience, but I just wish I had won.
Jack: [laughs] You can’t win everything, Dawei! You’re the best in the school, and that means a lot. Perhaps one day, if you study hard, you can be the best in the country!
Dawei: Yes, I hadn’t thought of that. There will be another competition in March. Perhaps I could try again then.
Jack: That’s the spirit! I know an English saying: “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.”
Dawei: Yes, that’s good advice. Thanks, Jack. You’ve really cheered me up. I feel a lot better now.
Jack: No problem. And why don’t you talk to Liu Jing You can practise together.
Dawei: Yes, I’ll do that. Thank you so much!
3
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Are you OK
I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure
Why don’t you tell me what’s up
I’m sure you did your best.
You should be proud of yourself.
Why are you so upset
I know this is hard for you, but you should cheer up.
Showing concern
Comforting people
Are you OK
I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure
Why don’t you tell me what’s up
Why are you so upset
I’m sure you did your best.
You should be proud of yourself.
I know this is hard for you, but you should cheer up.
4
Work in pairs. Choose one situation and act out a conversation to show concern for people and comfort them. Use the expressions in this section.
1 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but weren’t elected.
2 You feel annoyed because a group member doesn’t want to contribute to your group’s work.
Sample:
We choose situation 2.
Lily: Hi, Tom. Are you OK
Tom: Yeah... I’m all right, I suppose.
Lily: OK... I don’t mean to be nosy, but are you sure You look unhappy.
Tom: I could be better, to be honest.
Lily: That’s what I thought. Why don’t you tell me what’s up
Tom: Well, I am annoyed because a group member doesn’t want to contribute to our group’s work, which has an impact on the progress of our group’s research
Lily: Oh, really I’m sorry to hear that. Maybe you can talk with him sincerely and patiently and persuade him to get involved in group research.
Tom: I have tried several times but failed, I think I’m not a good group leader.
Lily: I’m sure you did your best, though. Maybe you can ask other members of your group or your teacher for help.
Tom: I think you’re right. Thank you.
Retell or add expressions to show concern and comfort people.(共25张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 2
Grammar & Vocabulary
课 堂 学 习
-ing and to-infinitive as object
1
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a), (c) and (e) are from the reading passage.
a. J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, ...
b. J.D. Salinger started to write short stories in high school, ...
c. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying.
d. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop to try.
e These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, ...
1. Do sentences (a) and (b) have the same meaning
2. Do sentences (c) and (d) have the same meaning
3. Can “receiving” in sentence (e) be changed into “to receive”
Yes, the two sentences have the same meaning.
No, they don’t. Sentence (c) means the sisters didn’t try any more. Sentence (d) means the sisters continue to try.
No, it can’t. A noun or -ing form can be used after the word “dread”.
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1. ... but later struggled to get his works published. (para.3)
2. ... became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies. (para.3)
3. ... three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print. (para.4)
4. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writer. (para.4)
5. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...” (para.5)
Both -ing and to-infinitive in the sentences are used as object.
【语法讲解】
动词后接非谓语动词作宾语的情况分为三种：只能接不定式；只能接动名词；接动名词或不定式皆可。
一、常接动词不定式作宾语的动词
agree, choose, decide, hope, wish, expect, long , prepare, fail, refuse, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange, attempt, want, refuse, seem, would like 等。例如：
What did they decide to do
I hope to be back soon.
I am out of work so I can not afford to live in this big flat.
注意：
1. I am not interested in what to do.
2. I don’t know what to do .
总结：
3. She did nothing but / except complain.
4. I have no choice but to wait.
总结：
5. He felt it necessary to learn English.
6. We make it our goal to learn English well.
总结：
介词和及物动词后可以加疑问词+to do 结构作宾语。
but, except,besides 等少数几个介词可以直接接 (to) do 作宾语。
it 作形式宾语: find / think / feel / make / believe...+it+adj / n+(for sb) + to do sth
二、常接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）
finish, enjoy, mind, keep, miss, avoid, consider, imagine, practise, delay, escape, excuse, permit, allow, advise, suggest, risk, deny, appreciate, resist, reject, give up, feel like, succeed in, insist on, persist in, persevere in, spend time (in), be busy (in), be used to, look forward to, object to, set about to, pay attention to, get down to等。
例如：
We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month.
Would you mind opening the window
注意一：
1. I advise calling an ambulance.
2. I advise my nephew to call an ambulance.
advise / allow / permit doing sth
advise / allow / permit sb to do sth
有些动词后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语，但可以接不定式作宾语补足语，两者不冲突。
注意二：
1. I can’t imagine him cheating in the exam .
2. The teacher was angry for Tom’s being late for class.
动名词的复合结构
三、两者均可接的及物动词有：
1) 有些及物动词后既可接动名词作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，且两者意义差别不大。这类词有：prefer, like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。
例如：
After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do / doing their homework.
老师离开教室后，学生们开始做作业。
但在下列情况下，宜用动词不定式作宾语，而不用动名词。
like, love, prefer, hate等与would或should连用时。如：
eg: I’d prefer to stay at home to watch TV.
begin, start等本身用进行时时。如：
eg: She was starting to do her homework.
begin, start的主语是物而不是人时。如：
eg: The ice begins to melt in winter.
2) 有些及物动词后既可接动名词作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，但两者结构意义不同。
① 像remember, forget, regret这类词；
remember, forget, regret + to do
remember, forget, regret +doing
表示该动作还未发生
表示该动作已经发生
mean to do sth 打算（意图）做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
② 有些及物动词（短语）后跟动词不定式或动名词时，结构不同，则意思差别很大。
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
stop to do sth 停止、中断（某事），目的是去做另一件事
stop doing sth 停止正在做的某事
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生
remember to do sth 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth 记得做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth 对要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing sth 对做过的事感到后
dread doing sth 害怕、担心做某事
dread to do sth 不敢去做某事（表示对某事十分担忧）
注意：
need, want, require, deserve等动词后面跟动名词的主动形式和动词不定式的被动式都表示被动意义。如：
Your house needs repairing.
= Your house needs to be repaired.
The scientist deserves respecting.
=The scientist deserves to be respected.
need / want / require / deserve doing
= need / want / require / deserve to be done
2
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
At the age of ten, Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident.
Despite this, he wanted 1__________ (live) life to the full.
He learnt 2__________ (use) his feet for everyday activities,
such as eating and brushing his teeth. He also started 3_________________ (swim) and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities. When he had to stop 4_________ (swim) due to health problems, he decided 5__________ (learn) how to play the piano with his toes. It was difficult, but he kept 6__________ (practise) until he had achieved his goal. In 2010, he won in China’s Got Talent and became famous nationwide. Today, Liu Wei still enjoys 7__________ (play) music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.
to live
to use
swimming / to swim
swimming
to learn
practising
playing
3
Write a report based on the interview with the words in the box.
admit decide enjoy fail regret want
Many students choose to take a camping programme during the summer holiday, aiming at building character and developing physical fitness. Today, we’re with camper Jamie Wells. Hi, Jamie. Could you share your experience with us
Sure. I joined the sports camp because I like to challenge myself. I also like to meet new friends. The camp was fun, but not without its challenges! Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run - at 6 am! At first I couldn’t finish the whole route. On the fourth day, I was so tired that I even didn’t want to get out of bed. I felt homesick and almost phoned my dad to take me home. But I didn’t give up. Things soon got better. I felt I had become stronger and more confident and had made new friends. Even though being a camper has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile.
Sample:
Jamie Wells decided to join the Boy Scouts because he enjoyed challenging himself as well as meeting new friends. He thought scout camp was fun, but not without its challenges! Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run - at 6 am! At first he failed to finish the whole route. On the fourth day, he was so tired that he even didn’t want to get out of bed. Feeling homesick, he regretted attending the scout camp and wanted to phone his dad to take him home. But he didn’t give up. Things soon got better. He became stronger and more confident and made new friends. He admitted being a scout had its challenges, but it was worthwhile.
The Boy Scouts of America 美国童子军
The Boy Scouts of America (the BSA) is one of the largest organizations of young people in the United States. Around more than 2.4 million young people take part in BSA activities, and almost one million adults are volunteers.
Since it was founded in 1910, more than 110 million Americans have been involved in BSA activities.
The aim of the BSA is to train young people in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance. This is done through taking part in a wide range of outdoor activities and educational programs. Career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations are also available for older age levels.
4
Work in pairs. Share a story of your own about overcoming challenges using the words and structures in this section where appropriate.
Sample:
I love climbing the mountains in my free time. Last weekend, I went climbing the mountain with my family near my home. The weather was quite well at the beginning. However, it became hotter and hotter while we climbed higher and higher. I felt uneasy and wanted to went home. My mother told me to drink some water and have a rest. After that, we moved on and finally I made it to the top.
5
Listen to the conversations and match the expressions to their meanings.
Looking on the bright side
1. _______ to change your life by starting to be a better person or stopping a bad habit
2. _______ someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard
3. _______ to not make any effort
4. _______ very calm and relaxed, especially in a difficult situation
5. _______ to do something very slowly because you do not really want to do it
6. _______ someone who refuses to join in, or wants to stop other people having fun
e
c
a
f
d
b
6
Put the expressions in Activity 5 into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
Positive
Negative
an eager beaver
turn over a new leaf
cool as a cucumber
not lift a finger
a wet blanket
drag one’s feet
like a duck to water
...
a fish out of water
...
7
Read the passage and answer the questions.
With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. Nevertheless, looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others. A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people. So if someone you know is feeling low, lend them an ear and try to cheer them up. Remember, your attitude is contagious, so make sure you pass on a good one!
1. Why is it important to “look on the bright side”
Because looking on the bright side is a type of good attitude, which can have a positive effect on other people. In this way, looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.
2. How can our attitude affect others
Our attitude is likely to spread to and affect others. If we have a good attitude, others will also feel it and be cheered up by it.
Retell some verbs that usually take -ing or to-infinitive as the object.(共13张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
视频：黑暗餐厅
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Recently I dined at a “dark restaurant”, where people eat in complete darkness, served by blind staff. I wanted to understand the experience of being blind, and I thought eating would be the most difficult activity.
It was a difficult meal. Because we couldn’t see where anything was, my friend and I knocked over glasses and dropped food. My senses of taste and smell became more sensitive, and I ate much more slowly, trying to guess what I was eating. Pouring water was very difficult, plus I kept drinking from my friend’s glass.
After failing to pick up any food with a fork for five minutes, I decided to use my hands. I reached down, expecting rice and vegetables, but instead stuck my hand into a bowl of warm, thick soup. “It’s best to use a spoon for this course,” the waiter said into my ear, helpfully but much too late. Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on my shirt. I felt embarrassed, even though no one could see me.
Our waiter advised us to lift the plates and bowls close to our faces. However, I still left the restaurant feeling hungry, though I was much more aware of the challenges that blind people face.
1. Why did the author go to the “dark restaurant”
Because the author wanted to understand the experience of being blind, thinking eating would be the most difficult activity.
2. What difficulties did the author have during the meal
1) The author knocked over glasses and dropped food.
2) The author ate much more slowly, trying to guess what was being eaten.
3) Pouring water was very difficult.
4) After failing to pick up any food with a fork for five minutes, the author decided to use hands, but stuck one hand into a bowl of warm, thick soup.
5) Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on the author’s shirt.
3. How did the author feel after finishing the meal
The author left the restaurant feeling hungry, though much more aware of the challenges that blind people face.
structure of the passage
Beginning (paragraph 1)
Body (paragraph 2&3)
Ending (paragraph 4)
I wanted to understand the experience of being blind.
The difficulties I encountered.
My feelings.
2
Try to experience what it is like to have a disability and make notes.
1 What kind of experience you had
_______________________________
2 What the most difficult thing was and why
_____________________________________
3 How you overcame the difficulty
______________________________
4 What have you learnt
________________________________
Now write a short passage to describe your experience.
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s passages and share them with the class.
Sample:
Today in class, we played a game called “the blind traveller”, in which one has to walk through some barriers with the eyes blindfolded. It is through this experience that I started to realise how inconvenient life could be for a blind person.
Not being able to see where I was going, I kept going off the path and turning in the wrong direction. What’s more, without the ability to accurately locate the position of the barriers, I often fell over them, even though I was moving at an extremely slow speed. And a loss of balance increased the difficulty of the short journey. After falling over more than ten times, I finally reached my destination on hands and knees.
Without sights, I couldn’t even complete the short journey of no more than 15 meters smoothly, let alone overcome all the other various difficulties in daily life. I do realise that life must be much more challenging for the blind people.
4
Read the two points of view and explain their meanings in your own words.
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try on and on.
If at first you don’t succeed, set yourself another goal.
If you want to do something but fail at first, you should stick to it until it succeed.
If you want to do something and fail at the first time, you should give it up and move on to the next thing
5
Work in groups and decide which opinion you agree with more. Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.
Point of view: ____________________________
Arguments: _______________________________
Supporting examples: ____________________
_____________________________________________
Point of view: _________________________________________________
Arguments: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Supporting examples: __________________________________________
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try on and on.
a. Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.
b. Rome wasn’t built in one day.
c. Seek lessons from failure and go on.
J.K. Rowling, Emily Bronte, Thomas Edison
Sample:
6
Prepare for a debate. Consider the following:
1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group
2 your arguments, opening and summary
3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can respond to them
4 useful words, expressions and structures
Team up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold the debate.
1. What is the structure of a writing about an experience
2. What should you consider when you prepare for a debate
