(共11张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
What do you know about ecotourism
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that conserves the environment. It encourages people to be responsible travellers and involves educating them about the natural world. For countries such as Costa Rica, Kenya and Nepal, ecotourism is an important part of the economy. Some ecotourism holidays involve voluntary work, such as planting trees or counting endangered animals.
课 堂 学 习
1
Listen to the conversation and choose the places mentioned.
2
Listen again and complete the notes.
The first option
Rachel wants to
1 ______________________ and plant trees.
also 2 __________________ rhinos, which will help protect them.
eat local food.
Rachel's dad thinks
he can eat that kind of food at home.
the activities sound like 3 _________________________.
The second option
Rachel wants to
look after 4 ______________________________.
sleep in a treehouse.
Rachel's dad wants to
5 _______________________ and read a book.
Compromise
They will stay in 6 _______________________.
Rachel can do ecotourism activities while her dad does what he likes.
They will go on 7 _______________________________ of the jungle.
hike in the mountains
count
hard work
elephants
lie on the beach
a nice hotel
a one-day bike tour
Now work in pairs. Discuss what type of travel you prefer.
3
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
The fact is that... Let's meet in the middle.
Wouldn't you agree that... As a compromise, ...
Let's find a compromise. I agree, but...
Persuading others
Compromising
Let’s find a compromise.
Let’s meet in the middle.
As a compromise, ...
The fact is that...
Wouldn’t you agree that...
I agree, but...
4
Complete the passage with the expressions in the box.
not eco-friendly create opportunities for new businesses
disturb the wildlife help the local economy
higher carbon emissions provide more jobs use up natural resources
As tourism develops, people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment. Here in our city, there is a heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach. The owner of the company thinks the hotel would attract more tourists, which will 1 ______________________________ and 2 ____________________. However, the local people worry that building the hotel is 3 ________________ and will 4 _________________, in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach. But they also admit that building the hotel will 5 __________________ for people living in the area. Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings, the local people are still concerned that the hotel may 6 ____________________. Increased tourist numbers will also mean more cars and aeroplanes, which in turn means 7 ____________________.
create opportunities for new businesses
help the local economy
not eco-friendly
disturb the wildlife
provide more jobs
use up natural resources
higher carbon emissions
Now listen to the passage and check your answers.
5
Complete the boxes with the expressions in Activity 4.
Advantages
Disadvantages
not eco-friendly disturbing the wildlife
using up natural resources higher carbon emissions
Now think about more advantages and disadvantages of building the hotel at White Beach.
polluting inshore seawater destroying local ecological environment
raising awareness of protecting local wildlife
providing locals with a chance to experience other cultures
attracting more tourists creating opportunities for new businesses
helping the locale economy providing more jobs for people living in the area
6
Work in pairs. Role-play a discussion to reach an agreement that is satisfactory for everyday. Use the expressions in this section.
Student A: You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel
on some forested land.
Student B: You are a conservationist who wants to protect the
wildlife there.
Now think about how well you approached the problem from different perspectives and reached an agreement.
1. Talk about the expressions of persuading others and compromising.
2. Talk about advantages or disadvantages of developing tourism.(共11张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
Present perfect continuous
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been
using these passages for years.
b ... before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.
1 Which of these statements are true about sentence (a)
(1) Wild animals started using these passages in the past.
(2) Wild animals used these passages only once.
(3) Wild animals still use these passages now.
2 What is the difference between the expressions in bold in
sentences (a) and (b)
They are different in form and meaning. For sentence (a) the form is “have been doing”, while for sentence (b) the form is “have done”. In meaning, the bold part in sentence (a) means the action is continuous from the past; while the bold part in sentence (b) means the action happened once in the past.
Now look for more sentences with the present perfect continuous tense in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1 The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.
2 All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.
3 The journey has been flying by, ...
4 The Qing-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for
centuries.
5 Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have
been enjoying these magical landscapes.
【语法讲解】
1 现在完成进行时的概念
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚终止，也可能还在进行。
2 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去，而现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成。即现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调动作的结果。例如：
a. I've been designing solar racing cars. 我一直在设计太阳能赛车。
b. I've designed five or six different cars. 我已经设计五六辆小汽车了。
2）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。例如：
a. I've been taking part in races for four years.
我这四年一直在参加比赛。
b. How many races have you taken part in
你参加多少场比赛了？
3）现在完成进行时与所有进行时态一样带有感彩。可使表达显得生动，而现在完成时往往只表明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带感彩。例如：
What have you been doing You look fed up.
你一直在干什么呀？你看上去很不高兴。
3 常与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语
现在完成进行时常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如：all the time，this week，all night，these few days，for…，since…等。例如：
a. A private detective has been tailing him for several weeks.
一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。
b. Craig loves outdoor activities - he skis in winter and has been fishing
and hunting since he was a child.
Craig热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小就开始钓鱼和打猎。
2
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
I 1 ________________ (hear) a strange sound for a while. It’s a deep, loud roar, like a lion’s. But there aren’t any lions here... Or are there Soon I see what 2 _______________ (make) the noise: a howler monkey. Now I feel less worried. Realising that something 3_____________ (move) on my shoulder, I turn my head to look at it. Oh no! It’s a giant spider! I brush it off and it runs under some leaves. I try to bat away the huge insects, which 4 ________________ (fly) around my head in a black cloud for quite a while.
I pull off the headset and I’m back in my living room. Thank goodness! I 5 __________________ (give) the latest virtual reality headset and, for the last twenty minutes, I 6 _________________ (use) it to explore the Amazon. This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rain forest. We must do all we can to protect it.
have been hearing
has been making
is moving
have been flying
have been given
have been using
3
Look at the charts and make sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.
1 The number of trees has been increasing in the last 20 years.
2 Desert areas have been reducing in the last 20 years.
3 Butterfly population has been increasing/has been becoming
larger and larger in the last 20 years.
4
Work in pairs. Talk about how the environment where you live has changed. Use the present perfect continuous tense where appropriate.
1. Talk about the use of the present perfect continuous tense.
2. Make some sentences with the present perfect continuous tense.(共28张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Which natural heritage site is introduced
in the video
2 What kind of threat is it facing
1
1 Which natural heritage site is introduced in the video
2 What kind of threat is it facing
Australia's Great Barrier Reef.
The reef is threatened by human activities: industry along the coast pollutes its waters; illegal fishing is reducing the number of fish; climate change caused by human activities has many negative effects on the coral.
课 堂 学 习
2
Look at the title of the passage and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about.
Predicting
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD
1 How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided. Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer. You'll need to report back via weekly blogs, photo diaries and video updates. You'll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews.
2 ______________________________________________________________ It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.
3 __________________________________________________________ About the size of Japan, it even can be seen from outer space. More than 25 million years old, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of living coral growing on dead coral. It is host to many species of birds and sea creatures. But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change.
4 To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef. They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job. Out of the thousands of applicants, eleven were selected, including a young woman from China. Eventually, the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK.
5 ____________________________________________________________
In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence. He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel, before going on to write a book about his experiences. Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”, but the “busiest job in the world”!
6 ____________________________________________________________ The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area. What's more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can, and must, be done to protect the reef. That way, it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife, as well as a dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year.
Look through the passage and find out what the passage is about.
The passage introduces the job of the Great Barrier Reef's caretakers and some facts about the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, so as to arouse people's awareness to protect the reef and marine ecological balance (海洋生态平衡).
Skimming
Scanning
Para. 2 ____________ Para. 3 ____________
Para. 5 ____________ Para. 6 ____________
3
Choose the topic sentences for the paragraphs and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
a. Located off the coast of North-east Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is
the largest living thing on the planet.
b. Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event
isn't really important.
c. This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world.
d. Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker.
c
a
d
b
Learning to learn
Good transitions highlight the ideas that connect different paragraphs and bring the text together as a whole. Transitions can help readers understand how paragraphs work together, how they relate to one another, and how they build to a larger point.
Read the passage quickly and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A wanted ad.
Para. 2 The effect of the ad.
Para. 3 A brief introduction to the Great Barrier Reef.
Para. 4 The requirements of the job and the winner.
Para. 5 The winner's performance.
Para. 6 The significance of the job.
Careful reading
The responsibilities of the job:
① _________ the island and reporting back via __________, ___________ and ____________.
② Making ________________________
to argue in favour of its defence.
③ The working hours are ________and ______________ is provided.
How to apply for the job
To make a short video showing ________________________________.
To prove _________________________
_______ the job.
The purpose of the eye-catching job offer:
_________________________________
_________________________________.
◆
◆
◆
__
It is the largest ___________ on the
planet.
More than 25 million years old, it _______ _________________ growing on dead coral.
It is host to ________ _________________
_________________.
This unique and delicate place is now _________
________________________________________.
the facts
is made
living thing
Call for an island caretaker
the current situation
under threat from pollution and climate change
many species of birds and sea creatures
◆
◆
◆
up of living coral
how much they know about the reef
why they are the best person to do
flexible
accommodation
Exploring
weekly blogs
photo diaries
video updates
a number of appearances on TV
To highlight the importance of the reef and the need to protect it
Think Share
1 What are the requirements of the job
2 Why is the position described as “the best job in the world”
Do you agree with this description Why
3 Can you think of some other creative ways of raising
awareness of protecting the reef
4 How is the theme of nurturing nature presented differently
in the two reading passages of this unit
1 What are the requirements of the job
To get the job, the candidates have to make a short video showing how much they know about the reef.They also need to prove why they are the best person to do the job.
2 Why is the position described as “the best job in the world” Do you agree
with this description Why
3 Can you think of some other creative ways of raising awareness of
protecting the reef
4 How is the theme of nurturing nature presented differently in the two
reading passages of this unit
In the first reading passage the author uses his own experience to describe the challenges of building the railway and the solutions to these problems. In this way, the author wants to tell us that we should protect nature while constructing and developing human society. In the second reading passage the author explains the best job in the world, its requirements and its duty to raise the public awareness of the beauty of nature, and to understand the delicate balance of nature. Both of the passages stress that human beings should protect our environment and live in harmony with nature.
4
Work in groups. Imagine you are an applicant for the job of island caretaker. Discuss and present your ideas for the short video required.
1 Think about what you would present in the video.
2 Organise your ideas by considering the following points.
3 Share your ideas within the group.
4 Choose a group member to present their ideas to the class.
Now think about how you could use the language you have learnt from the passages in your presentation and what you have learnt from other's presentation.
Language points
1. Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the
area has to offer.
主要职责包括探索大堡礁的岛屿，并找出该地区能提供什么。
what引导宾语语从句。
2. You'll need to report back via weekly blogs, photo diaries and video updates.
你需要通过每周的博客、照片日记和视频更新进行汇报。
via是介词，在句中意为“通过，借助于”
e.g. I sent a message to Mary via her sister.
我通过Mary的妹妹给她捎了个口信。
via还有“经过，取道”的意思。
e.g. We flew to Athens via Paris. 我们经由巴黎飞往雅典。
3. It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance
of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.
这实际上是一个非常聪明的方法来强调大堡礁的重要性和
保护它的需要。
本句中的highlight作动词用，意为“使……突出”
e.g. His remarks highlighted his own function.
他的讲话突出了他的个人作用。
highlight也可以用作名词，意为“最突出（精彩）的部分”
e.g. Recorded highlights of today's football game will be
shown after the news.
今天足球比赛最精彩场面的录像将在新闻后播出。
4. More than 25 million years old, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of living
coral growing on dead coral.
大堡礁有2500多万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。
be made up of“由……构成/组成”，be made up of其主语为表示整体的人或事物，即整体由部分组成；make up意为“组成，构成”，其主语为表示部分的人或事物，即部分构成整体。
e.g. Three doctors and seven nurses make up the medical team now.
=The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses now.
这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。
拓展：be made up of=consist of 由……构成/组成，但consist of无被动
5. It is host to many species of birds and sea creatures.
它是许多鸟类和海洋生物的家园。
be host to=be home to ……的家园/栖息地
e.g. Yancheng Nature Reserve is host to different kinds of plants and
rare birds. 盐城自然保护区是各种植物和珍稀鸟类的家园。
6. But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution
and climate change.
但这个独特而脆弱的地方现在正受到污染和气候变化的威胁。
“under+抽象名词” under threat 受到威胁
e.g. Traditional ways of life seem to be under threat.
传统的生活方式似乎正在受到威胁。
拓展：under attack 受到袭击 under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建设中 under control 在控制之中
7. To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video showing how
much they knew about the reef. 为了得到这份工作，应聘者必须制作
一个简短的视频，展示他们对大堡礁的了解。
(1) showing…作定语修饰a short video；(2) how much...宾语从句。
8. They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job.
他们还需要证明为什么他们是做这项工作的最佳人选。
(1) prove vt. 证明，证实[用作系动词] 证明是，被发现是(turn out)
prove sth. (to sb.)（向某人）证明……
prove (to sb.)+从句（向某人）证明……
prove sb./oneself (to be)+ n./adj. 证明某人是……
prove (to be)+n./adj. 证明是……
prove的名词是proof，proof作可数时的复数是proofs。
(2) why引导宾语从句。
9. Out of the thousands of applicants, eleven were selected, including a
young woman from China.
在数千名申请者中，有11人被选中，其中包括一名来自中国的
年轻女子。
applicant n.[C] 申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等)
apply vt. 应用，使用；勤奋工作，努力学习；vi.申请，请求
apply... to... 把……应用于……
apply (to.…) for… (向……)申请……
apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于（做）某事（to为介词）
application n.[C,U] 应用，运用；申请，请求，申请书，申请表
an application form 申请表
applied adj. 应用的
10. In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the
reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in
favour of its defence. 除了写博客、拍照和写关于大堡礁的文章外，
他还多次在电视上露面号召保护大堡礁。
in favour of 固定搭配，favour用作名词，该固定搭配意为“支持”。
e.g. It was said that 88% of the students had voted in favour of the
new class president. 据说88%的学生投票支持新班长。
favour用作名词，还意为“善意的行为”，常见搭配有：
ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙；do sb. a favour 帮某人个忙；
own sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情；in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
11. Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”,
but the “busiest job in the world”! 本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应宣传
为“最好的”，而应是“世界上最繁忙的工作”！
(1) that引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语。
(2) not ... but ...是并列结构, 意为“不是……而是……”，用于连接两个结构相似、语法功能相同的句子成分，表示一种转折关系，否定but前面的内容, 肯定but后面的内容。not ... but ... 连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致，遵循“就近一致原则”。
e.g. Not the passengers but the driver was to blame. It was the driver's
fault. 该受谴责的不是乘客, 而是司机。这是司机的错。
12. Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event
isn't really important.
无论是真正的工作机会还是引人注目的营销活动，都不是很重要。
whether引导的主语从句。
13. The most important thing was that people all over the world became
aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.
最重要的是，世界各地的人们开始意识到这个地区海洋的美丽。
(1) that引导表语从句。
(2) become/be aware of 意识到……；知道……
拓展：(1)make sb. aware of/that 使某人注意到/意识到
be aware that... 意识到……；体会到……
awareness n. 意识；认识
raise one's awareness of... 提高某人的……意识
14. What's more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the
environment exists in and what can, and must, be done to protect
the reef. 而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，
也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。
understand后有两个并列的宾语，一个是the delicate balance，名词短语作宾语；另一个是what引导的宾语从句what can, and must, be done to protect the reef。the delicate balance后又接了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰balance。
15. That way, it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife, as well as a
dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year.
只有如此，大堡礁才能继续作为野生动物的安全栖息地以及
每年数百万游客梦寐以求的旅游目的地。
who引导定语从句，修饰tourists。
Retelling THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD
Para. 1 A wanted ad.
Para. 2 The effect of the ad.
Para. 3 A brief introduction to the Great Barrier Reef.
Para. 4 The requirements of the job and the winner.
Para. 5 The winner's performance.
Para. 6 The significance of the job.(共17张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
What's your ideal job and what are the reasons
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the job advertisement and answer the questions.
Taihu, China's third-largest
freshwater lake, needs you!
Environmental worker, full-time from 1 June to 30 September
Taihu Lake, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
Monitoring the area for algae; working on ships removing
algae from water
Salary negotiable; accommodation and meals provided
All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving qualifications.
* Visit our website for a detailed job description.
1 How long will the job last
The job will last for four months.
2 What are the responsibilities of the job
The responsibilities of the job are to monitor the area for algae, work on ships removing algae from water.
3 What benefits does it offer
It provides accommodation and meals and the applicant can negotiate with the salary with the employer.
structure and content of the passage
title
main body
ending
basic elements: job, working time, location, responsibilities, benefits etc.
Writing a
job
advertisement
state the writing purpose; be attractive to the applicants
preference; website for detailed information
2
Read what the three people say about their jobs. Choose one of the jobs and complete the notes. Do research if necessary.
I'm lucky enough to call myself the “Guardian of the Pine Tree”! I work on Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province, which is home to the famous Welcoming-Guest Pine. I make sure that nothing harms the tree. I check it several times a day and take notes recording my observations. I occasionally feel lonely, but overall, it's a hugely rewarding job.
My name's Li Wei, but I'm also known as the “Panda Nanny of Wolong”. As you can probably guess, I take care of the pandas living in Sichuan's Wolong National Nature Reserve. As well as looking after these incredible animals, I talk to visitors and post updates on social media. I hope that one day, more people can join me in taking care of the pandas.
When people ask me what I do, I tell them that I'm a “spiderman”. For me, a day at work involves climbing up and down the cliffs of Mount Yuntai's Red Stone Gorge. With a rope tied around my waist, I clear rubbish left by tourists. The job isn't without its risks, but I enjoy it. I'm very proud that I can help conserve the environment.
Job location
responsibility
Benefits
Job location
responsibility
Benefits
Guardian of the Pine Tree
Mount Huangshan, Anhui Province
making sure that nothing harms the Welcoming-Guest Pine; checking the tree several times a day; taking notes recording the observations
hugely rewarding; accommodation and meals provided; 15-day-vacation with pay every year
Job location
responsibility
Benefits
pandas keeper
Sichuan's Wolong National Nature Reserve
taking care of / looking after pandas; talking to visitors; posting updates on social media
three days’ paid leave every month; meals and a free medical check provided
Job location
responsibility
Benefits
environmental worker
Mount Yuntai’s Red Stone Gorge
climbing up and down the cliffs of Mount Yuntai’s Red Stone Gorge; clearing rubbish left by tourists
helping conserve the environment; feeling proud
Now write a job advertisement. Do further research if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other's job advertisements and share them with the class.
Sample:
PANDAS NEED YOU!
Pandas keeper, full-time job
Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province
Taking care of pandas; talking to visitors; posting updates on social media
Three days' paid leave every month; meals and a free medical check
provided
All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with
qualifications in veterinary medicine or zoology.
Please visit our website for more information.
4
Work in groups. Read the two points of view about whether natural heritage sites should be open to the public and take sides.
Natural heritage sites should not be open to the public because crowds of visitors can cause damage to them...
Opening natural heritage sites to the public would mean people could get to know more about them...
5
Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.
Point of view
Arguments
Supporting examples
6
Prepare for a debate. Consider the following:
1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group
2 your arguments, opening and summary
3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can
respond to them
4 useful words, expressions and structures
7
Team up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold a debate.
1. How can we write a job advertisement
2. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages
of natural heritage sites open to the public.(共33张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What do you know about these places
2 What do these places have in common
1
Starting out
Huanglong, China:
Located in the north of Sichuan, Huanglong is a historic and scenic area widely known for its colourful pools, hot springs, valleys, waterfalls, snow-capped peaks and diverse forest. The area also has a population of endangered animals, including the giant panda and the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey.
Iguazú Falls, Argentina and Brazil:
The Iguazú Falls stretch in width for 2.7 kilometres (or 1.7 miles). Their height varies between 60 metres (200 feet) and 82 metres (or 269 feet). They feature over 275 individual falls that thunder into the Iguazú River. Special walkways have been built around the Iguazú Falls to allow visitors to get close up to this wonder of their natural beauty and power.
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania:
Located in north-east Tanzania, Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa and the world’s tallest free standing mountain, about 5,895m above sea level. The mountain is encircled by mountain forest. Mount Kilimanjaro consists of three principal volcanoes: Kibo (centre), Mawensi (east), and Shira (west). Shira and Mawensi are extinct volcanoes. However, Kibo is a dormant volcano; it can erupt again. The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.
Uluru, Australia:
Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock and officially gazed as "Uluru / Ayers Rock", is a large sandstone rock formation in southwestern Northern Territory, central Australia. Uluru is sacred to the Aboriginal people of the area. Uluru / Ayers Rock rises 348 metres above the surrounding desert plain and reaches a height 863 metres above sea level. The area around the formation is home to an abundance of springs, waterholes, rock caves and ancient paintings.
2. They are all included on the World Heritage List.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
2
1 What are the three types of World Heritage Sites
2 What other natural heritage sites in China do you know of
1 What are the three types of World Heritage Sites
2 What other natural heritage sites in China do you know of
Cultural World Heritage sites, Natural World Heritage sites and Mixed World Heritage sites.
1 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area
2 Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
3 Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area
4 Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
5 Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries-Wolong, Mt Siguniang and
Jiajin Mountains
6 South China Karst 7 Mount Sanqingshan National Park
8 China Danxia 9 Chengjiang Fossil Site
10 Xinjiang Tianshan 11 Hubei Shennongjia
12 Qinghai Hoh Xil 13 Fanjingshan
14 Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-
Bohai Gulf of China (Phase I)
1 Which is the highest railway in the world
a The Trans-Siberian Railway. b The Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
c The Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
2 In which year was the completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway put into operation
a 1984. b 2001. c 2006.
3 Which of these stations is not on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
a Lhasa. b Golmud. c Lanzhou.
4 Which of these natural World Heritage Sites does the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
pass by
a Xinjiang Tianshan. b Qinghai Hoh Xil. c South China Karst.
1
Work in pairs and complete the quiz. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
Understanding ideas
2
Read the passage and find out why the railway is particularly special to the author.
The Sky Railway
Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people's admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves. It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.
Read the passage and find out why the railway is particularly special to the author.
The author has worked on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Once believed “impossible”, the highest railway in the world is a record of the efforts of the workers to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. These efforts and their end results mean that the railway is special to the author.
Skimming
Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.
1. To prove that humans can conquer nature.
2. To highlight the amount of work required to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
3. To praise the workers’ efforts in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Scanning
Match each paragraph with its main idea and divide them into parts.
Para. 1 A. How to prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands.
Para. 2 B. How to protect Cuona Lake.
Para. 3 C. The train leaves Xining.
Para. 4 D. How to protect wild animals.
Para. 5 E. We consider protecting the delicate eco-system first.
Para. 6 F. How to make sure the workers stayed healthy.
Para. 7 G. I'm proud we built our "Sky Railway".
Part 1 Para. 1-Para. 2 Part 2 Para. 3-Para. 6 Part 3 Para. 7
Careful reading
Organise information from the passage and complete the table.
Answers:
1 Thirty-three passages
2 move safely and freely in their natural habitat
3 prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands
4 a total length of about 160 kilometres
5 moved to a new area
6 Several oxygen-making stations
7 regular breaks
8 protect Cuona Lake
9 build a twenty-kilometre wall
10 protect it from construction waste
The above table explains how the “impossible” railway was built. Now do some online research to find out what other challenges were met and overcome by the railway workers.
1. They have to apply state-of-the-art techniques to protecting the permafrost
in the subgrade of the railway embankment;
2. They need to make regulations to ensure the environmental disposal of the
construction waste;
3. They must overcome problems brought about by complex topography.
1 Which of the solutions are you most impressed by Why
2 Which words in the passage are used to describe the Qinghai-Tibet
Railway What other words could you think of to describe it
3 What changes do you think the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has brought
to the people living along the railway
4 What method did you use to collect information How did the
information help you to better understand the passage
Think & Share
1 Which of the solutions are you most impressed by Why
2 Which words in the passage are used to describe the Qinghai-Tibet
Railway What other words could you think of to describe it
3 What changes do you think the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has brought
to the people living along the railway
4 What method did you use to collect information How did the
information help you to better understand the passage
Sky Railway, impossible, highest, extraordinary. We can also say it is a miracle, great achievement, etc.
The railway has made it convenient for people to travel around; it has promoted the local economy; it has improved people’s living standard, etc.
1. In which year was the completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway put into operation
建成的青藏铁路是在哪一年投入运营的？
put into operation 投入运行；(使)施行；(使)实行；(使)生效
e.g. The law will be put into operation next month.
这个法律下月开始生效。
拓展：put into practice 实施；实行；实践
put into effect 实施(计划)；实现(想法)
put into prison 关进监狱；监禁；投入监狱
put into use 投入使用；使用，利用
Language points
2. Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along
the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
回到座位上，我简直不敢相信，我将沿着许多外国专家称之为“不可
能”的铁路旅行。
(1) 本句是主从复合句。前面的“Sitting back in my seat”为伴随状语。
主句的主干是“I can’t quite believe”。第一个that引导的从句作believe
的宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词railway。
(2) be about to 即将，刚要，正打算
e.g. The match is about to start. 比赛即将开始。
(3) claim v. 要求(应得权利)；声称，主张 n. 要求，主张；断言
claim for sth. 要求，索取；宣称 claim to do sth. 声称/声明做某事
claim that... 声称/声明做某事 put in a claim 申请；提出……要求
lay claim to 对……提出所有权/拥有权
3. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.
火车自从离开西宁以来一直在平稳地行驶。
(1) has been racing现在完成进行时
(2) since引导时间状语从句。
4. The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the
mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of
the world”. 当我穿越“世界屋脊”时，“铁路如巨龙蜿蜒于群山
之中”这句话显得格外生动。
(1) “railways like ...”同位语从句，as引导时间状语从句。
(2) wind在此处作动词，意为“(道路、河流等)蜿蜒，曲折前进”
wind作动词时还有“缠绕，卷绕”的意思，常见的搭配是
wind sth. around/round sth.意为“把某物缠绕在……上”。
(3) “roof of the world”意思是“世界屋脊”，用来指代the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （青藏高原）
5. I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on
this railway. 我是来自中国各地在这条铁路上工作的人之一。
who引导定语从句，修饰the people。
6. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all
of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
青藏铁路历时数年建成，记录了我们为克服最困难的工程挑战做
的所有努力。
本句为简单句。前面为现在分词短语作状语，taking与句子的主语
the Qinghai-Tibet Railway是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
7. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
concern此处为名词，意为“忧虑，担心”。还可以作动词，意为
“使担心，使忧虑”。
e.g. There is growing concern about violence on TV.
人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。
Issues like food addictives do concern me.
食品添加剂这类事情确实使我很担心。
拓展：concern oneself about/for... 担心……
be concerned about/for 担心/挂念……
be concerned with... 和……有关，涉及……
As far as ... be concerned 就……而言；关于
concerning prep. 涉及，关于
8. The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,
the world's longest bridge built over permafrost.
吸引我注意的第一个地标是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上建造在
永久冻土层上最长的桥。
catch sb's eye 引起某人的注意，吸引某人视线，引人注目
拓展：can't take your eyes off sb./sth. 无法将目光从某人/某物上移开
look sb in the eye 正视某人
keep an eye on sb./sth. 照看某人/某物
have an eye /a good eye for sth. 对某事物有鉴赏力
9. A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping
to eat grass at their leisure.
一群藏羚羊在桥下走动，有的停下来悠闲地吃草。
at one's leisure 空闲时 leisure time 业余时间
at leisure 从容地；不慌不忙；悠闲 leisure for 有空做某事
10. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres
an hour. 它们似乎完全没有意识到，我们正以每小时100多千米的速度
飞驰而过。
that引导宾语从句。
11. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway
station in the world.
这座火车站位于海拔5000米以上，是世界上最高的火车站。
locate vt.使位于，使坐落于…… be located in/on/at...坐落于……
location n. 地点，位置
12. In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. 在这样的地方，稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高水平的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。
present在这里作动词用，意为“引起，造成”。present作动词时还有
“颁发，授予”的意思。
e.g. She was presented with an award. 她被授予一个奖项。
present sb. with sth. /present sth. 使发生; 使经历
present sb. with sth. /present sth. (to sb. ) 把……交给; 颁发; 授予
present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. (to sb. ) 提出; 提交
present adj. 现在的; 出席的 present at 出席; 在场
present n. 礼物; 现在, 目前 at present 目前, 现在
for the present 暂时, 目前 past and present 过去和现在
13. As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement.
当我们经过措那湖时，我有一种自豪感和成就感。
As引导时间状语从句。
14. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and
touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. 措那湖离铁路如此近,
我都想伸手去触摸它那像镜子一样的淡蓝色湖面。
(1) so ... that”意为“如此……以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。
(2) reach out 伸出(手) reach out to 把手伸向; 接触; 帮助
reach out for 伸手去拿; 急切寻求
within reach/within the reach of 能力所及; 伸手可及; 够得着
out of/beyond one’s reach 够不着; 力所不能及
reach an agreement 达成协议 reach back 回忆，回顾
reach after 努力谋求; 竭力达到; 伸手想抓
15. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands bring the scenery to life.
水鸟在湖中嬉戏，牛羊在草原上漫步，给这里的景色增添了生机。
(1) 动词-ing形式的使用可以为读者带来生动的画面感。本句中
Water birds playing in the lake和cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands两个动名词短语充当主语。
(2) wander v．漫游；游荡；闲逛；徘徊；走神
wander off 漫步；漫游；离群走散
wander about/around 徘徊；流浪；漫步
wander from 离题
(3) bring ... to life 使……生动有趣
bring ... back to life 使复生；使复活
come back to life 恢复健康；复活；苏醒过来
16. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the
care that the environment deserves.
我感到自豪的是，我们建造了我们不可能建成的铁路，并以环境
所应得到的关注来建设这条铁路。
第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句。
Retelling The Sky Railway
Para. 1 The train leaves Xining.
Para. 2 We consider protecting the delicate eco-system first.
Para. 3 How to protect wild animals.
Para. 4 How to prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands.
Para. 5 How to make sure the workers stayed healthy.
Para. 6 How to protect Cuona Lake.
Para. 7 I'm proud we built our "Sky Railway".
