备战北京2024年英语中考训练之阅读理解50篇其一
(2023·北京市市辖区·历年真题)
A
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
1.According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A. The problem of worldwide hunger.
B. A big increase in food production.
C. The speed-up of climate change.
D. A sudden drop in population.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
3.What is the passage mainly about
A. Benefits of reducing food waste.
B. Solutions to the food waste problem.
C. The importance of fighting food waste.
D. The attitude to the food waste problem.
【答案】C、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
1. 根据文章第一段中的In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.可知，食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
2. 根据文章第三段中的One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.可知，家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
3. 通读全文可知本文主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
(2023·北京市市辖区·历年真题)
B
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn't have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn't bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, "That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult — you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
1.You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
2.What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A. Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D. Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
3.The words "psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.
A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge
4.The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B. feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C. a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D. pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
1. 根据文章第三段中的Playing a tennis game...know we had.可知，打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
2. 根据文章倒数第二段中的Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different.可知，有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
3. 根据文章倒数第二段中的As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention.可知，正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attention意思相近。故选A。
4. 根据文章第三段中的Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement.可知，作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
(2023·北京市市辖区·历年真题)
C
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. "What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. "You can't take them home."
"But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. "Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special."
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, "The waves(海浪) are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, "Please put my seashells into the car!"
David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped(滑倒) and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed(装框的) photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
"I'm really sorry, Betty." David said. "Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you."
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. "You're the best big brother ever!"
1.What did Betty think of the seashells
A. Clean. B. Useless. C. Expensive. D. Special.
2.Betty began to cry when ________.
A. she slipped and hurt herself
B. she knocked over the basket
C. she saw the broken seashells
D. she told her dad about the accident
3.David glued the seashells to the frame to ________.
A. make it up to his sister B. develop his painting skill
C. prepare a gift for his dad D. make the picture beautiful
【答案】D、C、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Betty一家去海边玩，回家的时候 Betty捡了一筐贝壳但是被她的哥哥David不小心弄碎了，Betty很沮丧，第二天 David为了表示自己的歉意，主动提出把几个完好无损的贝壳粘在装有他们两个相片的相框边。Betty原谅了David，认为David永远是最棒的哥哥。
1. 根据文章第二段中的Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special.可知，Betty觉得那些贝壳很特别。故选D。
2. 根据文章第五段中的When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry.可知，当她看到贝壳碎了，她开始哭泣起来。故选C。
3. 根据文章第六段中的He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.可知，David把贝壳粘在相框上是为了补偿她的妹妹。故选A。
(2023·北京市市辖区·历年真题)
D
Short Art Courses
A. Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You'll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas. B. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We'll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us!
C. Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. D. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There'll be cartoon films to watch and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters.
1._______ I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
Alice
A. A B. B C. C D. D
2._______ I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.
Tony
A. A B. B C. C D. D
3._______ I like making bags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
Harry
A. A B. B C. C D. D
【答案】B、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个短期美术课程，并为三个孩子匹配适合他们的课程。
1. 根据I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.可知，爱丽丝对设计衣服感兴趣，想要在大学学习设计衣服，B项（艺术很重要本课程教你不同的绘画技巧。我们会让你画最新款式的衣服。如果你喜欢服装设计，想在大学里学习它，加入我们吧！）与之匹配。故选 B。
2. 根据I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.可知，托尼喜欢制作动物海报和读图画书，A项（野生的艺术这门课程是关于素描和绘画的。你将使用你的新技能制作一幅动物海报。我们有很多图画书可以给你灵感。）与之匹配。故选 A。
3. 根据I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.可知，哈里喜欢制作包，并且想要参观艺术博物馆来寻找创作灵感，C项（创造性的艺术这门课程是关于制作包来装你的运动服。我们提供很多材料。你还可以参观艺术博物馆，获得一些创意。）与之匹配。故选 C。
(2023·四川省甘孜藏族自治州·历年真题)
E
Dear Ms Rice，
My brother Dave is ll and I am 4 years older.He and I always get into fights.Whenever he does something wrong like hitting me or making my room dirty，he never gets into trouble.He doesn't even have to say sorry to me.But when I do these，my parents always ask me to say sorry.It's so unfair!
I tried talking to my parents about this and all they said was that they would try harder.However，they never did anything.Sometimes I talk with my friends on the computer，but my parents only allow me to use the computer for 30 minutes every time.Dave can use it for three hours.
I talked to my friends about this.They advised me to talk to Dave and be nice to him.I tried but it didn't work.Dave made my life terrible!My dream is that my brother and my parents could understand me.What should I do for that？
Kate
1.How old is Kate？ ______
A. 4. B. 11. C. 14. D. 15.
2.What did the parents do about Kate's problem？ ______
A. They did nothing.
B. They praised her.
C. They punished her brother.
D. They allowed her to use the computer.
3.Why did Kate write the letter？ ______
A. To give advice. B. To ask for help.
C. To talk about her family. D. To say she has a bad brother.
【答案】D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段My brother Dave is ll and I am 4 years older.（我的弟弟戴夫11岁了，我比他大4岁。）可知，凯特15岁了。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段However，they never did anything.（然而，他们什么也没做。）可知，对于凯特的问题，父母什么也没做。故选A。
（3）主旨大意题。根据最后一段My dream is that my brother and my parents could understand me.What should I do for that？（我的梦想是我的弟弟和父母能理解我。我该怎么做呢？）可知，凯特写这封信是为了寻求帮助。故选B。
这是一封来自凯特的信，信中她抱怨自己的弟弟总是惹麻烦，而父母却总是偏袒弟弟，让她感到不公平。她尝试过与父母和弟弟沟通，但都没有效果。她希望能得到理解和公平对待。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。
(2023·四川省甘孜藏族自治州·历年真题)
F
Last Saturday，I went to a coffee shop to meet a friend of mine.I got there ten minutes earlier.So I ordered a cup of coffee and sat by the window，watching people.There were some boys playing football on the street and a small boy was running after the ball as it rolled across the road.
Suddenly，there came a car.It was going very fast.When the driver saw the boy in his way，he braked （刹车） hard.But it was too late…The small boy was lying on the street without moving.To everyone's surprise，the car didn't stop.It drove away quickly.
People ran to the boy.There was a cut on the boy's head and he lost a lot of blood.The coffee shop owner telephoned the police.Soon the boy was taken to the hospital.At 6：30 pm，the police arrived and started questioning people.About half an hour later，they asked me to go to the police station because I saw everything.I gave them all the information I knew because I really wanted them to catch the driver.I didn't leave the police station until 8：00 p.m.After that I went home because I didn't want to talk to anyone.
The next day，the boy's parents called me to say thanks.They also told me their boy was fine and the driver was at the police station now.
1.Why did the writer go to the coffee shop？ ______
A. To play cards. B. To have a cup of coffee.
C. To meet a friend. D. To watch some boys playing.
2.What's the cause of the accident？ ______
A. The driver was too tired.
B. The weather was bad.
C. The driver drove too fast.
D. There was something wrong with the car.
3.How long did the writer stay in the police station？ ______
A. About half an hour. B. About an hour.
C. About one and half hours. D. About two hours.
4.Why did the parents say thanks to the writer？ ______
A. He sent the boy to the hospital. B. He helped catch the driver.
C. He caught the car driver himself. D. He made the call to the police.
【答案】C、C、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Last Saturday，I went to a coffee shop to meet a friend of mine.（上周六，我去一家咖啡店见一位朋友。）可知，作者去咖啡店是为了见一位朋友。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Suddenly，there came a car.It was going very fast.When the driver saw the boy in his way，he braked （刹车） hard.But it was too late…（突然，来了一辆小汽车。它开得很快。当司机看见男孩挡路时，他急刹车。但是太晚了……）可知，事故的起因是小汽车开得太快。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段At 6：30 pm，the police arrived（在下午六点半，警察来了）和About half an hour later，they asked me to go to the police station（大约半小时后，他们让我去警察局）以及I didn't leave the police station until 8：00 p.m.（我在晚上八点才离开警察局。）可知，警察是在下午六点半到达事故现场。半小时后，即下午七点，作者去了警察局，晚上八点离开，所以在警察局待了一个小时。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段I gave them all the information I knew because I really wanted them to catch the driver.（我把我知道的所有信息都告诉了他们，因为我真的想让他们抓住司机。）和第四段The next day，the boy's parents called me to say thanks.They also told me their boy was fine and the driver was at the police station now.（第二天，男孩的父母给我打电话表示感谢。他们还告诉我男孩很好，那个司机现在在警察局。）可知，男孩的父母之所以感谢作者，是因为作者帮警察抓住了那个司机。故选B。
作者在咖啡店等朋友时，目睹了一个小男孩在追足球时被一辆快速驶过的汽车撞倒。汽车司机并未停车，而是迅速离开了现场。小男孩头部受伤，流了很多血，随后被送往医院。作者因为目击了整个事件，被警方询问并提供了所有他知道的信息。第二天，男孩的父母打电话感谢他，并告诉他男孩已经没事了，肇事司机也已被警方控制。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
(2023·四川省甘孜藏族自治州·历年真题)
G
When you hear the word "shapeshifting （变身）"，you may think of magic in some movies，and not the climate （气候）.But that's what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks（喙），legs and ears.In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer.When we talk about the climate change，we often ask "What can humans do with this？""How can we live in the future？""But we should know that animals also have to face these changes，" said Sara Ryding，from Deakin University，Australia.If animals do nothing to keep their normal （正常的） body temperature，they will die.
In one example，the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger.The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years.There are other similar examples.Wood mice have longer tails and bats （蝙蝠） in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small， they could be common as the weather becomes hotter."Body parts like ears may become bigger，so we might be able to see a real Dumbo （big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon） in the near future，"Ryding told the reporters.
1.Why do animals grow bigger body parts？ ______
A. To become stronger. B. To enjoy a better life.
C. To find food easily. D. To keep normal body temperature.
2.How many animals are mentioned in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Changes. B. Tails. C. Wings. D. Examples.
4.What does the text mainly tell us？ ______
A. Why climate changes so much.
B. When the climate starts to change.
C. How animals deal with hotter weather.
D. What the weather will be like in the future.
【答案】D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks（喙），legs and ears.In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer.（一项新的研究表明，一些动物正在慢慢长出更大的喙、腿和耳朵。这样，当地球变暖时，它们可以更容易地冷却自己。）可知，动物长出更大的身体部位，是为了保持正常体温。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段some kinds of Australian parrots（一些种类的澳大利亚鹦鹉）和Wood mice（木鼠）以及bats（蝙蝠）可知，第三段提到了3种动物。故选B。
（3）代词指代题。根据划线词所在句Although the changes are still small， they could be common as the weather becomes hotter.（虽然这些变化仍然很小，但随着天气变得更热，它们可能会变得普遍。）可知，they指代的是"变化"。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第二段A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks（喙），legs and ears.In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer.（一项新的研究表明，一些动物正在慢慢长出更大的喙、腿和耳朵。这样，当地球变暖时，它们可以更容易地冷却自己。）以及通读全文可知，这篇文章主要是在告诉我们：动物是如何应对更热的天气。故选C。
这篇文章主要讲述了动物为了适应地球变暖的气候变化，正在慢慢改变自己的身体特征。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。
(2023·湖北省荆门市·历年真题)
H
One day we went to pick up our grandson Mark at his school.It was a beautiful spring day so we went to the garden.
We noticed that Mark was sad.He said， "There is nothing special about me.Well，I am smaller than my elder brother and I am bigger than my younger brother."I knew he felt that he，the middle son，was not getting the same attention.
We walked a little farther into the woods when Mark asked me if we could throw rocks into the stream （小溪） to see which one would go to the farthest.I agreed.Then Mark said，"I am going to throw the biggest rock，because I know it will go the farthest."Mark picked up the largest rock he could find and threw it.Although it made a very big splash （溅），it didn't go very far.Mark thought for a minute and said，"I am going to throw a little rock instead."He picked up a little stone and threw it but it didn't go very far because it was too little.
I thought this was a very good chance to teach him.I said， "Why don't you pick up a medium-sized rock and see what happens？"
Mark picked up a medium-sized rock and threw it.Mark said， "Look，the middle-sized rock went the farthest!"
I smiled，"You see，Mark，you are like the middle-sized rock.In this situation the little rock was too light and the big rock was too heavy，but the middle-sized rock was just right."
"So，I am special？"
"Yes，Mark，everyone and everything is special and has a special purpose，especially you."
1.What made Mark sad？ ______
A. His being the shortest among his brothers.
B. His few chances to visit gardens.
C. His low grades in his class.
D. His getting less attention at home.
2.What happened when Mark threw the biggest rock into the stream？ ______
A. The rock went the farthest.
B. The rock went the nearest.
C. The rock made a very big splash.
D. The rock went as far as the little stone.
3.Which is the best word to describe the writer？ ______
A. Wise. B. Honest. C. Serious. D. Brave.
4.What does the writer want to tell us？ ______
A. A person may do everything on purpose.
B. Bigger may not be better.
C. One can go the farthest without pain.
D. Everyone is special in fact.
【答案】D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段I knew he felt that he，the middle son，was not getting the same attention.（我知道他觉得自己，中间的孩子，没有得到同样的关注。）可知，是因为他受到很少关注。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Mark picked up the largest rock he could find and threw it.Although it made a very big splash（溅），it didn't go very far.（马克捡起他能找到的最大的一块石头扔了出去。虽然溅起了很大的水花，但并没有扔远。）可知，马克扔最大的石头溅起了一个很大的水花。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段 I thought this was a very good chance to teach him.（我觉得这是教他的好机会。）可知，用扔石头的事情教育马克，作者很机智。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段Yes，Mark，everyone and everything is special and has a special purpose，especially you.（是的，马克，每个人和每件事都是特别的，都有特殊的目的，尤其是你。）以及通读全文可知，作者想告诉我们每个人都很特别。故选D。
本文主要讲述作者去接孙子马克放学，然后他们一起去花园。马克感到自己不受重视，因为他是中间的孩子。在森林里，马克试着扔石头，发现大石头太重，小石头太轻，只有中等大小的石头才能扔得最远。作者借助这个时机告诉马克，每个人和事物都是特别的。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。
(2023·湖北省荆门市·历年真题)
I
When Xiong Chuanfa，34，blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes，kids look at him in surprise，thinking he is a magician.
Xiong has been blowing sugar figurines（吹糖人） for twenty years.Blowing sugar figurines is a Chinese traditional folk art with a history of over 600 years and has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）.
Every morning，Xiong prepares the sugar and drives to different markets in Nanchang to start this magic show.
He heats the sugar，pulls off a little to make a ball and blows it into different shapes—a rabbit，Olympics.
However busy he is，he often spares time to drop by colleges to make young people know more about the folk art.Many college students have been drawn（吸引） to the art，waiting in line for hands-on experience.Among them，Simon，a foreign student，couldn't help having a try.Though it looked easy，he found it difficult to make it.Thanks to Xiong's help，Simon finally saw a horse slowly taking shape.
Simon was deeply moved after learning about the art. "I just can't believe the traditional folk art can be kept so well here.I love it.Chinese culture should be spread around the world，" he said.
This art has been passed down for four generations （代） in Xiong's family.His 6-year-old son often blows sugar balloons，just like what he used to do as a child.
"We will pass on the intangible heritage，" said Xiong.
1.From the passage we can learn that Xiong Chuanfa began blowing sugar figurines at the age of ______ .
A. 6 B. 14 C. 20 D. 34
2.Which of the following can be the possible reason for Xiong Chuanfa to visit colleges？ ______
A. To help young people learn drawing skills.
B. To sell his sugar figurines.
C. To draw young people closer to the folk art.
D. To show his magic skills.
3.According to the passage，we can infer （推断） that Simon will most probably ______ .
A. learn more about Chinese culture
B. offer Xiong a helping hand in class
C. stay in China to blow sugar figurines
D. blow perfect sugar figurines next time
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Xiong and His Folk Art of Sweet Blow
B. The History of Blowing Sugar Figurines
C. Xiong's Family and Sugar Figurine Skills
D. A Guide and the Intangible Heritages
【答案】B、C、A、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When Xiong Chuanfa，34，blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes，kids look at him in surprise，thinking he is a magician.（当34岁的熊传发在几分钟内用糖吹出一只栩栩如生的老虎时，孩子们惊讶地看着他，以为他是魔术师。）以及第二段Xiong has been blowing sugar figurines（吹糖人）for twenty years.（熊吹糖人已经有20年了。）可推知，熊传发从14岁时就开始吹糖人。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段However busy he is，he often spares time to drop by colleges to make young people know more about the folk art.（不管他有多忙，他都经常抽出时间去大学，让年轻人更多地了解民间艺术。）可知，是为了让年轻人更了解，更接近民间艺术。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段Simon was deeply moved after learning about the art. "I just can't believe the traditional folk art can be kept so well here.I love it.Chinese culture should be spread around the world，" he said.（西蒙在了解了这门艺术后深受感动。"我简直不敢相信传统民间艺术能在这里保存得这么好。我喜欢它。中国文化应该传播到世界各地。"）可推知，西蒙很可能会去学习更多的中国文化。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段When Xiong Chuanfa，34，blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes，kids look at him in surprise，thinking he is a magician.（当34岁的熊传发在几分钟内用糖吹出一只栩栩如生的老虎时，孩子们惊讶地看着他，以为他是魔术师。）以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了吹糖人艺术家熊传发。所以本文的最佳标题是"熊和他的吹糖人民间艺术"。故选A。
本文主要介绍了吹糖人艺术家熊传发。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。
(2023·湖北省荆门市·历年真题)
J
It might be strange to wear clothes made out of plastic bottles.But in fact，some clothing companies are already making such clothes.
Fashion （时尚） brand JUMA recently showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai.Eighteen clothing items from the collection，including jumpsuits，jackets，shirts and dresses，were made from recycled plastic bottles.
"We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to decompose （分解）.We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment，" said Alia Juma，the company's design director.
Many other fashion companies are finding similar ways to save our planet these days.The process is rather simple.First，the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces.Then they are melted （融化） and shaped into small balls.The balls are melted again to form thread（线）.People can then use the thread to make different kinds of clothes.
According to Juma，it takes 67，000 bottles to create one to n of thread.This cuts down carbon emission （碳排放） by 4.2 tons and water use by 6.2 tons compared with the normal way of making thread.
"Three bottles can make one glove.Five can make a skirt，ten a dress，and twenty a short coat，"Juma said.
Some people might have doubts about wearing something made out of plastic bottles.But according to Causeartist，a website that focuses on innovation（创新），clothes made from plastics could even be better than nylon and polyester （涤纶）.Plastic thread can be made into different textures （质地），such as cotton，silk，or even wool.It seems that this innovation may lead to a greener future of the fashion industry.
1.The underlined word "landfills" probably mean" ______ "in Chinese.
A. 填埋池 B. 游乐场 C. 栖息地 D. 风景区
2.Why does JUMA make clothes out of plastic bottles？ ______
A. To compete with other companies.
B. To create a new fashion.
C. To meet the needs of the design director.
D. To help improve the environment and cut down pollution.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. How plastic bottles are collected.
B. How plastic bottles are turned into thread.
C. How other fashion companies make clothes.
D. How other fashion companies melt the bottles.
4.In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage？ ______
A. Food and Health B. Sports and Fashion
C. Environment and Technology D. History and Culture
【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第三段We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to decompose （分解）.（我们意识到，每年有数十亿个水瓶被扔进......和海洋，而这些瓶子需要数百年的时间才能分解。）可推知此处是指扔进填埋池，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment，" said Alia Juma，the company's design director.（我们认为我们应该用它们来制作衣服，帮助保护环境，"该公司的设计总监Alia Juma说。）可知JUMA用塑料瓶做衣服是为了帮助改善环境，减少污染，故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段Many other fashion companies are finding similar ways to save our planet these days.The process is rather simple.First，the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces.Then they are melted （融化） and shaped into small balls.The balls are melted again to form thread（线）.People can then use the thread to make different kinds of clothes.（如今，许多其他时尚公司也在寻找类似的方式来拯救我们的地球。这个过程相当简单。首先，塑料瓶被清洗并切成小块。然后把它们融化成小球。将球再次熔化，形成螺纹。然后人们可以用这些线制作不同种类的衣服。）可推知第四段主要介绍了其他时装公司是如何制作服装的，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段Fashion （时尚） brand JUMA recently showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai.Eighteen clothing items from the collection，including jumpsuits，jackets，shirts and dresses，were made from recycled plastic bottles.（时尚品牌JUMA最近在上海的一个工作室展示了其最新系列。该系列中的18件服装，包括连衣裤、夹克、衬衫和连衣裙，都是用回收的塑料瓶制成的。）结合下文，可知本文主要介绍了一些服装公司正在使用回收的塑料瓶制作衣服，可推知我们能在报纸的环境和科技栏看到这篇文章，故选C。
这篇短文主要介绍了一些服装公司正在使用回收的塑料瓶制作衣服。文章提到了JUMA品牌最新系列的服装都是由回收的塑料瓶制成的，这样可以减少碳排放和用水量。文章还介绍了制作这种衣服的过程，以及塑料线可以制成不同质地的衣服。最后，文章指出这种创新可能会引领时尚行业走向更加环保的未来。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
(2023·湖南省湘潭市·历年真题)备战北京2024年英语中考训练之阅读理解50篇其一
A
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
1.According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A. The problem of worldwide hunger.
B. A big increase in food production.
C. The speed-up of climate change.
D. A sudden drop in population.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
3.What is the passage mainly about
A. Benefits of reducing food waste.
B. Solutions to the food waste problem.
C. The importance of fighting food waste.
D. The attitude to the food waste problem.
B
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn't have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn't bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, "That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult — you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
1.You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
2.What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A. Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D. Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
3.The words "psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.
A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge
4.The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B. feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C. a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D. pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
C
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. "What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. "You can't take them home."
"But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. "Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special."
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, "The waves(海浪) are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, "Please put my seashells into the car!"
David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped(滑倒) and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed(装框的) photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
"I'm really sorry, Betty." David said. "Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you."
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. "You're the best big brother ever!"
1.What did Betty think of the seashells
A. Clean. B. Useless. C. Expensive. D. Special.
2.Betty began to cry when ________.
A. she slipped and hurt herself
B. she knocked over the basket
C. she saw the broken seashells
D. she told her dad about the accident
3.David glued the seashells to the frame to ________.
A. make it up to his sister B. develop his painting skill
C. prepare a gift for his dad D. make the picture beautiful
D
Short Art Courses
A. Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You'll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas. B. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We'll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us!
C. Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. D. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There'll be cartoon films to watch and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters.
1._______ I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
Alice
A. A B. B C. C D. D
2._______ I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.
Tony
A. A B. B C. C D. D
3._______ I like making bags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
Harry
A. A B. B C. C D. D
E
Dear Ms Rice，
My brother Dave is ll and I am 4 years older.He and I always get into fights.Whenever he does something wrong like hitting me or making my room dirty，he never gets into trouble.He doesn't even have to say sorry to me.But when I do these，my parents always ask me to say sorry.It's so unfair!
I tried talking to my parents about this and all they said was that they would try harder.However，they never did anything.Sometimes I talk with my friends on the computer，but my parents only allow me to use the computer for 30 minutes every time.Dave can use it for three hours.
I talked to my friends about this.They advised me to talk to Dave and be nice to him.I tried but it didn't work.Dave made my life terrible!My dream is that my brother and my parents could understand me.What should I do for that？
Kate
1.How old is Kate？ ______
A. 4. B. 11. C. 14. D. 15.
2.What did the parents do about Kate's problem？ ______
A. They did nothing.
B. They praised her.
C. They punished her brother.
D. They allowed her to use the computer.
3.Why did Kate write the letter？ ______
A. To give advice. B. To ask for help.
C. To talk about her family. D. To say she has a bad brother.
F
Last Saturday，I went to a coffee shop to meet a friend of mine.I got there ten minutes earlier.So I ordered a cup of coffee and sat by the window，watching people.There were some boys playing football on the street and a small boy was running after the ball as it rolled across the road.
Suddenly，there came a car.It was going very fast.When the driver saw the boy in his way，he braked （刹车） hard.But it was too late…The small boy was lying on the street without moving.To everyone's surprise，the car didn't stop.It drove away quickly.
People ran to the boy.There was a cut on the boy's head and he lost a lot of blood.The coffee shop owner telephoned the police.Soon the boy was taken to the hospital.At 6：30 pm，the police arrived and started questioning people.About half an hour later，they asked me to go to the police station because I saw everything.I gave them all the information I knew because I really wanted them to catch the driver.I didn't leave the police station until 8：00 p.m.After that I went home because I didn't want to talk to anyone.
The next day，the boy's parents called me to say thanks.They also told me their boy was fine and the driver was at the police station now.
1.Why did the writer go to the coffee shop？ ______
A. To play cards. B. To have a cup of coffee.
C. To meet a friend. D. To watch some boys playing.
2.What's the cause of the accident？ ______
A. The driver was too tired.
B. The weather was bad.
C. The driver drove too fast.
D. There was something wrong with the car.
3.How long did the writer stay in the police station？ ______
A. About half an hour. B. About an hour.
C. About one and half hours. D. About two hours.
4.Why did the parents say thanks to the writer？ ______
A. He sent the boy to the hospital. B. He helped catch the driver.
C. He caught the car driver himself. D. He made the call to the police.
G
When you hear the word "shapeshifting （变身）"，you may think of magic in some movies，and not the climate （气候）.But that's what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks（喙），legs and ears.In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer.When we talk about the climate change，we often ask "What can humans do with this？""How can we live in the future？""But we should know that animals also have to face these changes，" said Sara Ryding，from Deakin University，Australia.If animals do nothing to keep their normal （正常的） body temperature，they will die.
In one example，the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger.The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years.There are other similar examples.Wood mice have longer tails and bats （蝙蝠） in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small， they could be common as the weather becomes hotter."Body parts like ears may become bigger，so we might be able to see a real Dumbo （big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon） in the near future，"Ryding told the reporters.
1.Why do animals grow bigger body parts？ ______
A. To become stronger. B. To enjoy a better life.
C. To find food easily. D. To keep normal body temperature.
2.How many animals are mentioned in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Changes. B. Tails. C. Wings. D. Examples.
4.What does the text mainly tell us？ ______
A. Why climate changes so much.
B. When the climate starts to change.
C. How animals deal with hotter weather.
D. What the weather will be like in the future.
H
One day we went to pick up our grandson Mark at his school.It was a beautiful spring day so we went to the garden.
We noticed that Mark was sad.He said， "There is nothing special about me.Well，I am smaller than my elder brother and I am bigger than my younger brother."I knew he felt that he，the middle son，was not getting the same attention.
We walked a little farther into the woods when Mark asked me if we could throw rocks into the stream （小溪） to see which one would go to the farthest.I agreed.Then Mark said，"I am going to throw the biggest rock，because I know it will go the farthest."Mark picked up the largest rock he could find and threw it.Although it made a very big splash （溅），it didn't go very far.Mark thought for a minute and said，"I am going to throw a little rock instead."He picked up a little stone and threw it but it didn't go very far because it was too little.
I thought this was a very good chance to teach him.I said， "Why don't you pick up a medium-sized rock and see what happens？"
Mark picked up a medium-sized rock and threw it.Mark said， "Look，the middle-sized rock went the farthest!"
I smiled，"You see，Mark，you are like the middle-sized rock.In this situation the little rock was too light and the big rock was too heavy，but the middle-sized rock was just right."
"So，I am special？"
"Yes，Mark，everyone and everything is special and has a special purpose，especially you."
1.What made Mark sad？ ______
A. His being the shortest among his brothers.
B. His few chances to visit gardens.
C. His low grades in his class.
D. His getting less attention at home.
2.What happened when Mark threw the biggest rock into the stream？ ______
A. The rock went the farthest.
B. The rock went the nearest.
C. The rock made a very big splash.
D. The rock went as far as the little stone.
3.Which is the best word to describe the writer？ ______
A. Wise. B. Honest. C. Serious. D. Brave.
4.What does the writer want to tell us？ ______
A. A person may do everything on purpose.
B. Bigger may not be better.
C. One can go the farthest without pain.
D. Everyone is special in fact.
I
When Xiong Chuanfa，34，blows a lifelike tiger out of sugar in just minutes，kids look at him in surprise，thinking he is a magician.
Xiong has been blowing sugar figurines（吹糖人） for twenty years.Blowing sugar figurines is a Chinese traditional folk art with a history of over 600 years and has been listed as a state-level intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产）.
Every morning，Xiong prepares the sugar and drives to different markets in Nanchang to start this magic show.
He heats the sugar，pulls off a little to make a ball and blows it into different shapes—a rabbit，Olympics.
However busy he is，he often spares time to drop by colleges to make young people know more about the folk art.Many college students have been drawn（吸引） to the art，waiting in line for hands-on experience.Among them，Simon，a foreign student，couldn't help having a try.Though it looked easy，he found it difficult to make it.Thanks to Xiong's help，Simon finally saw a horse slowly taking shape.
Simon was deeply moved after learning about the art. "I just can't believe the traditional folk art can be kept so well here.I love it.Chinese culture should be spread around the world，" he said.
This art has been passed down for four generations （代） in Xiong's family.His 6-year-old son often blows sugar balloons，just like what he used to do as a child.
"We will pass on the intangible heritage，" said Xiong.
1.From the passage we can learn that Xiong Chuanfa began blowing sugar figurines at the age of ______ .
A. 6 B. 14 C. 20 D. 34
2.Which of the following can be the possible reason for Xiong Chuanfa to visit colleges？ ______
A. To help young people learn drawing skills.
B. To sell his sugar figurines.
C. To draw young people closer to the folk art.
D. To show his magic skills.
3.According to the passage，we can infer （推断） that Simon will most probably ______ .
A. learn more about Chinese culture
B. offer Xiong a helping hand in class
C. stay in China to blow sugar figurines
D. blow perfect sugar figurines next time
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Xiong and His Folk Art of Sweet Blow
B. The History of Blowing Sugar Figurines
C. Xiong's Family and Sugar Figurine Skills
D. A Guide and the Intangible Heritages
J
It might be strange to wear clothes made out of plastic bottles.But in fact，some clothing companies are already making such clothes.
Fashion （时尚） brand JUMA recently showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai.Eighteen clothing items from the collection，including jumpsuits，jackets，shirts and dresses，were made from recycled plastic bottles.
"We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to decompose （分解）.We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment，" said Alia Juma，the company's design director.
Many other fashion companies are finding similar ways to save our planet these days.The process is rather simple.First，the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces.Then they are melted （融化） and shaped into small balls.The balls are melted again to form thread（线）.People can then use the thread to make different kinds of clothes.
According to Juma，it takes 67，000 bottles to create one to n of thread.This cuts down carbon emission （碳排放） by 4.2 tons and water use by 6.2 tons compared with the normal way of making thread.
"Three bottles can make one glove.Five can make a skirt，ten a dress，and twenty a short coat，"Juma said.
Some people might have doubts about wearing something made out of plastic bottles.But according to Causeartist，a website that focuses on innovation（创新），clothes made from plastics could even be better than nylon and polyester （涤纶）.Plastic thread can be made into different textures （质地），such as cotton，silk，or even wool.It seems that this innovation may lead to a greener future of the fashion industry.
1.The underlined word "landfills" probably mean" ______ "in Chinese.
A. 填埋池 B. 游乐场 C. 栖息地 D. 风景区
2.Why does JUMA make clothes out of plastic bottles？ ______
A. To compete with other companies.
B. To create a new fashion.
C. To meet the needs of the design director.
D. To help improve the environment and cut down pollution.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. How plastic bottles are collected.
B. How plastic bottles are turned into thread.
C. How other fashion companies make clothes.
D. How other fashion companies melt the bottles.
4.In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage？ ______
A. Food and Health B. Sports and Fashion
C. Environment and Technology D. History and Culture
