Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 语法讲义 （含解析）

人教版八年级上册语法
unit5 动词不定时
◎语法精讲
考向（1）动词不定式作宾语
1.Do you want to watch a game show 你想看游戏类节目吗 (教材 P33 标题)
2.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.我希望有一天能成为一名电视台记者。(教材 P34 2d)3What can 3.You expect to learn from sitcoms 你期望从情景喜剧中学到什么 (教材P35 Grammar Focus)
【语法概述】动词不定式(肯定结构:to+动词原形;否定结构:not +to+动词原形)是一种非谓语形式,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。
后接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词
要求 选择和同意(ask,choose,agree)
期望、决定和学习(expect,decide,learn)
宁可、假装和计划(prefer,pretend,plan)
希望、想要和愿意(wish,hope, want, would like)
例：1.We chose to go there by train.我们选择了乘火车去那里。
2.He's learning to dance.他正在学跳舞。
3.I decide to forgive her because everyone makes mistakes in life.
我决定原谅她,因为每个人在生活中都会犯错。
[典例]-What are you going to do tonight
-I plan_______Days of Our Past.
A. watch B. watching C.to watch D.watched
解析:"你打算今晚干什么 ""我打算看《我们过去的日子》。" plan to do sth.意为"打算做某事",为固定结构,故选 C。
【拓展延伸】有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语也可接动词-ing 作宾语,但两者的意思大不相同。
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 Let's stop to help the old man.我们停下来帮助这位老人吧。
stop doing sth.停止做某事 The bell rang and students stopped talking.铃响了,学生们停止谈话。
remember doing sth记得做过某事 I remember posting your letters.我记得寄出了你的信。
remember to do sth.记得要做某事 Please remember to post theletters. 请记得寄这几封信。
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 I forgot to go to the post office.我忘了去邮局。
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 I forgot going to the post office我忘了去过邮局了。
mean to do sth.打算做某事 What do you mean to do 你打算做什么
mean doing sth.意味着做某事 His words mean refusing us.b的话意味着拒绝我们。
典例2Please stop_____and go out for a walk. Remember_____ warm clothes.
A. to study; wearing B. studying; to wear
C. to study; to wear D. studying; wearing
解析:请停止学习,去外面散一下步 记得穿上暖和的衣服。stop doing sth."停止做某事";stop to do sth."停下来去做某事";remember doing sth"记得做过某事" ;remember to do sth."记得去做某事"根据句意可知选B。
考向(2)"特殊疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语
decide, know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out等动词(短语)后可接"特殊疑问词 + 不定式"作宾语,常见的疑问代词有 who,whom,what, which whose,常见的疑问副词有 when,where, how。
We must know what to do next. 我们必须知道下一步该做什么。
He hasn't decided where to go for the summer vacation.他还没决定暑假去哪儿。
how 和 what 加不定式作宾语的情况:在 how to do sth.(名词/代词)中,do 后必须带宾语;在 what to do中,what 直接作 do 的宾语
考向3 it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语
动词后接不定式作宾语,且宾语补足语是形词时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词定式)放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有:find, make, think, believe, consider 等。
I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好工作很困难。
【小测】
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.We have planned_____( make) a school radio program.
2. Please remember______( post ) the letter for the old man.
5. She thinks it hard_______( learn ) math well.
答案： to make to post to learn
单项选择
1.-American actor, was always expecting______an Oscar and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning C. not to win D. not winning
2.-( Cindy's grandmother is learning _______the new mobile phone.
use B. uses C. used D. to use
3.-Sam,don't forget_______ the book to the library tomorrow.
-0K, I won't.
A. return B. returning C. returned D.to return
4-There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know_________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose what D. to choose which
答案：ADDD
一、单项选择
1．He needs ________ time with his child.
A．spends B．spending C．to spend D．spend
2．At first we planned ________ in the town for two hours, but in the end we spent a whole day playing there.
A．staying B．to stay C．stay
3．My grandfather decides ________ around the world because he enjoys ________ new places.
A．traveling; visiting B．to travel; to visit C．to travel; visiting D．traveling; to visit
4．They practiced hard and expected ________ the soccer game.
A．won B．to win C．win D．winning
5．The young boy offered ________ the garden.
A．clean B．cleaning C．to clean D．cleaned
6．My teacher wants ________ me with my English.
A．helping B．help C．to help D．helped
7．He hoped _________ a good grade in the exam.
A．to get B．got C．getting D．get
8．Anna would like ________ a singer in the future.
A．is B．be C．being D．to be
9．John likes ________. It’s sunny and hot today. He’d like ________ in the river.
A．to swim; swimming B．swimming; swimming
C．swimming; to swim D．swim: to swim
10．The teachers often tell us to remember _________ off the lights when we leave the classroom.
A．turn B．to turn C．turning D．turned
11．Yesterday, Lily offered ________ my brother with his English, but I didn’t ________ her.
A．to help; agree to B．helping; agree to C．to help; agree with D．helping; agree with
12．Don’t forget ________ the machine after you use it.
A．to clean B．cleaning C．cleaned D．clean
13．You can choose _______something enjoyable ______the shop ______your father’s gift（物）.
A．buying; of; to B．to buy; from; on
C．to buy; from; as D．buying; of; to
14．What does she want ________ when she ________
A．is; are going to grow up B．to be; grows up
C．to be; grow up D．being; are going to grow up
15．You must promise ________ others before I tell you.
A．to tell B．telling C．not to tell D．not telling
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
16．I wish (get) the first prize in the test.
17．Remember (bring) me the book when you come.
18．I am going to learn (swim) next summer.
19．My father promised (buy) an iphone for me.
20．I found it hard for me (improve) spoken English.
21．He failed (keep) the appointment (约会).
22．You’re supposed (say) sorry to her.
23．I’d like (take) a bus instead of a taxi.
24．He needs (have) a good rest.
25．The baby girl learned how (count) the numbers at the age of 3.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：他需要花时间和孩子在一起。
考查非谓语动词。need to do sth“需要做某事”，故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：起初我们计划在城里待两个小时，但最后我们在那里玩了一整天。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
3．C
【详解】句意：我爷爷决定去世界旅行，因为他很享受参观新地方。
考查动词的用法。根据“decides”和“enjoys”可知，decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”；enjoy doing sth.表示“享受做某事”，故选C。
4．B
【详解】句意：他们努力练习，期望赢得足球比赛。
考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth“期望做某事”，因此空处填不定式。故选B。
5．C
【详解】句意：这个小男孩主动提出要打扫花园。
考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：我的老师想要在英语方面帮助我。
考查动词不定式作宾语。want to do sth.“想要做某事”为固定搭配，即动词want后只能接动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
7．A
【详解】句意：他希望在期末考试中取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词。to get动词不定式；got动词过去式；getting动词现在分词；get动词原形。根据“He hoped…a good grade in the exam.”可知，此处是固定短语hope to do sth.表示希望做某事。故选A。
8．D
【详解】句意：安娜未来想成为一名歌手。
考查动词不定式作宾语。动词短语would like to do sth表示“想要做某事”，动词be的不定式为to be，在句中作宾语。故选D。
9．C
【详解】句意：约翰喜欢游泳。今天阳光明媚，天气炎热。他想在河里游泳。
考查非谓语动词。like doing/to do sth.“喜欢做某事”，排除D；would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，排除AB。故选C。
10．B
【详解】句意：老师经常告诉我们离开教室时要记得关灯。
考查动词不定式。turn转动，动词原形；to turn转动，动词不定式；turning转动，动词现在分词/动名词；turned转动，动词过去式。remember to do“记得去做某事”，固定搭配，符合语境，故选B。
11．C
【详解】句意：昨天，莉莉主动提出帮我弟弟学英语，但我不同意。
考查动词短语。to help动词不定式；agree to同意，表示同意某建议/计划或同意做某事；helping帮助，动名词/现在分词；agree with同意，表示同意某人或某人的意见。根据“Yesterday, Lily offered...my brother with his English, but I didn’t...her.”可知，offer to do sth表示“主动提出做某事”，空处需填“不定式to+动词原形”，help“帮助”，动词，排除B和D；又因her，为某人，agree with sb表示“同意某人”。故选C。
12．A
【详解】句意：你用完机器后，别忘了清理它。
考查动词不定式用法。to clean动词不定式；cleaning动名词或现在分词；cleaned动词过去式；clean动词原形。forget to do sth意为“忘记去做某事”，事情还未做；forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”，事情已做。根据“Don’t forget…the machine after you use it.”可知本句是提醒对方记得清理机器，事情应是未做，空处应填动词不定式，故选A。
13．C
【详解】句意：你可以从这家店选择去买一些令人愉悦的东西作为你父亲的礼物。
考查介词辨析及非谓语。choose to do sth“选择做某事”，排除AD；from从，of……的；as作为；to到；on在……上面。根据句意是from the shop“从这家店”；as your father’s gift“作为你父亲的礼物”。故选C。
14．B
【详解】句意：她长大后想做什么？
考查非谓语动词以及主谓一致。want to be“想成为”，排除AD；主语是she，谓语动词用单三，排除C。故选B。
15．C
【详解】句意：你必须答应在我告诉你之前不告诉别人。
考查非谓语动词。promise (not) to do sth“承诺（不）做某事”，是固定短语。根据“others before I tell you.”可知应该是承诺不告诉别人，故选C。
16．to get
【详解】句意：我希望在考试中得到一等奖。wish to do sth.“希望做某事”。故填to get。
17．to bring
【详解】句意：你来时记得把那本书给我带来。根据“when you come”可知，是指来时记得带书，remember to do sth.表示“记得去做某事”。故填to bring。
18．to swim
【详解】句意：我想明年夏天去学习游泳。learn to do sth“学习做某事”，空处应用动词不定式。故填to swim。
19．to buy
【详解】句意：父亲答应给我买一部iphone。此处是固定词组，promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to buy。
20．to improve
【详解】句意：我发现我很难提高英语口语。本句考查“find+it+形容词+for sb to do sth”的句型，表示“发现做某事对某人来说怎么样”，所以空处用动词不定式。故填to improve。
21．to keep
【详解】句意：他未履约。fail to do表示“未能做某事”，所以空处用动词不定式形式。故填to keep。
22．to say
【详解】句意：你应该向她道歉。be supposed to do“应该做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to say。
23．to take
【详解】句意：我想乘公共汽车而不是出租车。would like to do“想要做”，为固定短语，故填to take。
24．to have
【详解】句意：他需要好好休息。need to do sth.“需要做某事”，故填to have。
25．to count
【详解】句意：这个女婴在3岁时学会了数数。how to do sth.表示“如何做某事”，因此此处用to count，动词不定式作宾语，表示“数数”。故填to count。