2024年中考英语非谓语动词动名词和分词详细讲解和讲义(二)

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名称 2024年中考英语非谓语动词动名词和分词详细讲解和讲义(二)
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更新时间 2024-01-17 16:55:59

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2024英语中考非谓语动词动名词和分词的
详细讲解和讲义(二)
非谓语动词—动名词的详解讲解
定义:在英语中的考试中,非谓语动词的动名词是指以 "-ing" 结尾的动词形式,它可以作为名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
下面是一些例句来说明动名词的用法:
1.作为主语:
Singing is my passion.(唱歌是我的热情所在。)
Swimming is great exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。)
2.作为宾语:
I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)
They don't mind waiting for the bus.(他们不介意等公交车。)
3.作为表语:
Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞。)
The best part of traveling is experiencing new cultures.(旅行最棒的部分就是体验新文化。)
需要注意的是,动名词虽然是动词形式,但在这些情况下它们起到名词的作用。因此,它们可以在句子中扮演名词的各种功能。
动名词作主语的具体用法
在英语中的考试中,非谓语动词的动名词是指以 "-ing" 结尾的动词形式,它可以作为名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
下面是一些例句来说明动名词的用法:
1.单个动名词作主语:
Swimming is a good exercise.(游泳是一种很好的运动。)
Singing makes me happy.(唱歌让我快乐。)
Reading helps improve vocabulary.(阅读有助于提高词汇量。)
2.动名词短语作主语:
Playing video games all day is not productive.(整天玩电子游戏没有效率。)
Going for a walk in the morning is refreshing.(早上去散步很提神。)
Traveling to new places broadens your horizons.(到新地方旅行能开阔你的眼界。)
需要注意的是,在动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
动名词做宾语的具体用法
1.动词 + 动名词作宾语:
I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)
She suggested watching a movie.(她建议看电影。)
They avoid eating fast food.(他们避免吃快餐。)
2.带有介词的动词 + 动名词作宾语:
He apologized for being late.(他为迟到而道歉。)
She is thinking about changing her job.(她正在考虑换工作。)
We are interested in learning new skills.(我们对学习新技能感兴趣。)
需要注意的是,在某些情况下,动词后面的动名词可以使用不定式来代替,但含义可能会略有不同。
3.动名词作为宾语可以与许多动词固定搭配使用。
以下是一些常见的动词和动名词的固定搭配:
喜欢(enjoy):
enjoy reading(喜欢读书)
enjoy cooking(喜欢做饭)
enjoy playing sports(喜欢运动)
建议(suggest):
suggest going out for dinner(建议出去吃晚饭)
suggest watching a movie(建议看电影)
suggest taking a break(建议休息一下)
避免(avoid):
avoid eating junk food(避免吃垃圾食品)
avoid making mistakes(避免犯错误)
avoid using plastic bags(避免使用塑料袋)
喜欢(like):
like swimming(喜欢游泳)
like dancing(喜欢跳舞)
like hiking(喜欢徒步旅行)
讨厌(hate):
hate cleaning(讨厌打扫卫生)
hate studying(讨厌学习)
hate waiting(讨厌等待)
(3)动名词短语作定语的具体用法:
A running river flows through the city.(一条流动的河流穿过这座城市。)
I bought a sleeping bag for camping.(我买了一个露营用的睡袋。)
She wore a swimming suit to the beach.(她穿着泳衣去海滩。)
动词 + 动名词作定语:
The walking trail is beautiful.(这条步行小径很美。)
He has a running nose.(他流鼻涕。)
We need a working computer.(我们需要一台工作正常的电脑。)
需要注意的是,动名词作为定语时通常位于被修饰名词之前。
(4)动名词作主语的表语的具体用法:
Swimming is my favorite hobby.(游泳是我的最爱。)
Running is good exercise.(跑步是一种好的锻炼。)
Studying is important for academic success.(学习对于学业成功很重要。)
动词 + 动名词作表语:
Her favorite activity is dancing.(她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。)
His job is teaching English.(他的工作是教英语。)
Their main focus is improving customer satisfaction.(他们的主要关注点是提高客户满意度。)
需要注意的是,动名词作为表语时通常与系动词(如be动词)连用。
非谓语动词—分词的详解讲解
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词现在分词的具体用法:
作主动语态的动词:
She is swimming in the pool.(她正在游泳池里游泳。)
The children are playing in the park.(孩子们正在公园里玩耍。)
He is studying for his exams.(他正在备考。)
作被动语态的动词:
The book being read is very interesting.(被阅读的书很有趣。)
The car being repaired is mine.(被修理的车是我的。)
The house being built will be completed next month.(正在建造的房子将于下个月竣工。)
作形容词的修饰语:
I saw a girl crying in the park.(我在公园看到一个哭泣的女孩。)
The running water is so clear.(流动的水非常清澈。)
We watched an exciting movie last night.(昨晚我们看了一部令人兴奋的电影。)
作状语:
Walking down the street, she noticed a familiar face.(她走在街上时注意到了一个熟悉的面孔。)
Having finished his work, he went home.(他完成工作后回家了。)
Smiling happily, she accepted the award.(她面带笑容地接受了奖项。)
需要注意的是,现在分词可以表示同时发生或进行的动作,或者表示原因、条件等。
非谓语动词过去分词的具体用法:
作为被动语态的动词:
The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作者写的。)
The window was broken by the storm.(窗户被风暴打破了。)
The cake was eaten by the children.(蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了。)
作为完成时态和被动语态的动词:
I have visited Paris many times.(我已经多次访问过巴黎。)
The project has been completed successfully.(项目已经成功完成。)
They had watched the movie before.(他们之前已经看过那部电影。)
作为形容词的修饰语:
I saw a broken glass on the floor.(我在地板上看到一个破碎的玻璃杯。)
The tired students left the classroom.(疲惫的学生们离开了教室。)
He was excited about the stolen car being found.(他对被找回的被盗车感到兴奋。)
作为状语:
Exhausted from the long journey, she went straight to bed.(因为长途旅行筋疲力尽,她直接上床睡觉了。)
Frustrated by the result, he decided to try again.(对结果感到沮丧,他决定再试一次。)
Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(完成作业后,他出去玩了。)
需要注意的是,过去分词可以表示被动、完成、描述状态等不同的意义。