2024届英语高考易错点专项练习——数词和主谓一致(含解析)

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名称 2024届英语高考易错点专项练习——数词和主谓一致(含解析)
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数词和主谓一致
目 录
01 易错陷阱(4大陷阱)
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】常见基数词和序数词易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
【易错点提醒四】“一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1:常见基数词和序数词易混易错点。
【分析】
hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score等词前有具体数字时,词尾一般不加-s, 不与of连用, 但可与many, a few, several等连用。(如three thousand books; hundreds of books)
序数词“第一、第二、第三”单独记;4-19词尾加-th。(易错词:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)
整十序数词辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i,再加-th。(如twenty twentieth; thirty thirties)
the+序数词表示“顺序”;a+序数词表示“又,再”。
【规律总结】
at first最初 at first hand直接地 first of all首先
at first sight乍一看 at second hand间接地 first and foremost直接递
a second-hand 二手的 stand first名列第一 second to none首屈一指
a second又一,再一 ten to nine十之八九 twos and threes三三两两,零零星星
易错陷阱2:分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点。
【分析】
表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,在分母后加-s。(易错点:1/2不能用a second, 应用a/one half)
分数、百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词而决定。
易错陷阱3:年龄、世纪年代易混易错点。
【分析】
表示“某人多大年龄”用“at the age of+基数词”或“基数词+years old”或“基数词+years of age”
表示“某人几十多岁时”,用in one’s+整十基数词的复数(如in his thirties)
表示“......世纪年代时”,用in the +世纪年代s /世纪年代’s(in the 1980s/1980’s)
易错陷阱4:“一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点。
【规律总结】
只修饰可数名词 a few, quit a few, many, a good many, a large number of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, dozens of, scores of作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词 a little, quite a little, much, a great of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数
即修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, the rest of作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由名词来决定 a large quantity of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数 large quantities of...作主语时,谓语动词用复数
【易错点提醒一】 常见基数词和序数词易混易错点
【例1】 (2022年新高考I卷)If it is not turned in by the _______ (four) day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
易错分析:对基数词变序数词规律掌握不牢,并且容易受到forty的干扰。
【答案】fourth
【解析】考查数词。句意:如果在截止日期后的第四天还没有上交,就得零分。此处表示“第四天”,故填fourth。
【变式1】 (2023年上海长宁高三模拟)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council-run courses costing from £10 each time.
易错分析:对整十基础词复数变法规律掌握不牢,辅音字母加y结尾变y为i,再加-es。
【答案】seventies
【解析】考查数词。句意:住在英国伦敦的一对夫妇可以选择在议会经营的球场打高尔夫,每次收费10英镑。
【变式1】 (2023年江苏南京高三模拟)Most Brits spend almost ______(two)as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.
易错分析:倍数表达法:倍数+as+adj./adv.+as;once“一倍”;twice“两倍”;
【答案】twice
【解析】考查数词。句意:大多数英国人花在社交上的闲暇时间几乎是独处时间的两倍。
【易错点提醒二】 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
【例2】 (2023年湖南高三校模拟)The factory used 70 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ (be) saved for other purposes.
易错分析:对先行词的指代及句子结构划分易出错,数词及相关修饰词作主语时主谓一致原则应牢记。
【答案】were
【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代先行词raw materials, “the rest of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致。故设空处应用复数形式,由used可知应当使用过去时,故填were。
【变式1】(2023年湖南省邵阳武冈高三联考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.
易错分析:分数表达法掌握不牢。分子大于一时,分母使用序数词复数形式。
【答案】 thirds
【解析】考查数词。句意:缺水是我们今天面临的最大危机之一,全球每年有三分之二的人口有一个月或更多的时间生活在缺水的地区。分数由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。
【变式2】(2023年河南省高三校联考)Two thirds of the region _______ (have) been deforested in the past decade.
易错分析:分数加名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。
【答案】 has
【解析】考查数词与主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年来,这个地区的三分之二的地方遭到了森林砍伐。根据时间状语in the past decade应当使用现在完成时,region应当使用单数谓语,故填has。
【易错点提醒三】年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
【例3】(2023年吉林高三校模拟)The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early _______(1990).
易错分析:本题需牢记世家年代的表达法,易和名词复数所有格混淆,误写为1990s’,
【答案】1990s/1990’s
【解析】考查数词。句意:在二十世纪九十年代早期,大多数居民前往大陆。in the early 1990s表示“在20世纪90年代”。
【变式1】(2023年全国专项练习)Funnily enough I can remember what I had for lunch ________ July 5th,2012, but I’ve forgotten what I had for breakfast today.
易错分析:在具体的某一天前面使用介词on, 易混淆在几点的at, 或在某年的in。
【答案】on
【解析】考查具体日期前的介词搭配。句意:有趣的是,我记得2012年7月5日的午餐吃了什么,但我忘记了今天的早餐吃了什么。
【易错点提醒四】 “一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
【例4】((2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
易错分析:对数词的考查常常兼顾对时态和语态的考查,应当综合考虑整体语境。
【答案】have promised
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:例如,在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上,大约200名学者——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来,尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知,主句应使用现在完成时,主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数,因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。
【变式1】(2023年四川德阳市高三诊断)My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home every few ______ (month).
易错分析:本题根据few可知后面应当使用名词复数,但month变复数形式易混淆以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es中的sh和ch。此处应当直接加-e。
【答案】months
【解析】句意:我的父母经常需要远途去上班,当我小时候有时还去到海南那么远,并且他们以前经常每隔几个月才回家。every few+名词复数表示“每隔几......”。故填months。
【变式2改错】 A large quantity of students live in the shabby dormitory, while large amounts of money have been spent on the headmaster’s new car.
【答案】live改为lives
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:大量的学生住在破旧的宿舍里,而大量的钱已经花在了校长的新车上。a large quantity of加名词作主语时,谓语动词单复数和quantity保持一致,又根据句意可知使用一般现在时,故将live改为lives。
1.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以要用一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
2.(2019年新课标I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【详解】考查数词与主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,要用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时,故填are。
(2023年全国高三专练)It is said that the number of people who read physical books is now double it was last year.
【答案】what
【详解】考查倍数表达。句意:据说阅读纸质书的人数是去年的两倍。形容词double表示“两倍的”,所以此处为倍数的表达:倍数 + what从句,一起作表语,what在从句中作表语,指物。故填what。
(2023年全国高三专练)In his (thirtieth), he was quite thin and pale and he had red bushy hair.
【答案】thirties
【详解】考查数词。句意:在他三十多岁的时候,他很瘦,脸色苍白,有一头浓密的红色头发。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查数词的用法,表示“在某人几十多岁的时候”用介词短语in one’s+整十的基数词的复数形式。故填thirties。
(2023年全国高三专练)In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
【答案】eighteenth
【详解】考查序数词。句意:在我18岁生日后的暑假里,我上了驾驶课。根据句意可知,此处表示顺序,即第18个生日,故应用序数词。故填eighteenth。
(2023年全国高三专练)A large amount of money (save) since we used the equipment.
【答案】has been saved
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:自从我们使用这些设备以来,已经节省了一大笔钱。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语从句since we used the equipment可知,应用现在完成时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,“a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数,故填has been saved。
(2023年全国高三专练)About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest.
【答案】is covered
【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意:大约30%的土地被森林覆盖。空格处作谓语,根据句意应用一般现在时,主语land为不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,且主语和动词cover之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is covered。
8.(2023年全国高三专练)The majority of the work in creating a project (be) now completed.
【答案】is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:创建项目的大部分工作现已完成。分析句子可知,空格处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语now可知,此处应用一般现在时态。主语是The majority of the work,表示单数,故谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
9.(2023年全国高三专练)More than one picture (show) that over 70% of the island (be) covered by water.
【答案】shows is
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:不止一张图片显示,该岛70%以上的面积被水覆盖。more than+单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,且表示的是一般事实,要用一般现在时第三人称单数形式;分数、百分数+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,且表示的是一般事实,要用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填shows; is。
10.(2023年全国高三专练)One half of the world’s population (be) Asians.
【答案】is
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:世界人口的一半是亚洲人。“one half of+n”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词,此句中population为集体名词,表示整体的含义,为单数,本句在陈述事实,为一般现在时。故填is。
11.(2023年全国高三专练)The boy picked up a(n) (hand) of stones and started throwing them at us.
【答案】handful
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:那男孩捡起一把石头,朝我们扔过来。a handful of是固定搭配,意为“一把;少数”,故填handful。
12.(2023年全国高三专练)However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
【答案】third
【详解】考查序数词。句意:然而,在北京市区,沿胡同的房屋仍然占据了总面积的三分之一,为一半的人口提供了住房。结合句意此处表示“三分之一”,分数的构成应是分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一,分母用复数。故填third。
13.(2023年全国高三专练)It's reported that two three boys read newspaper for pleasure.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:据报道,三分之二的男孩看报纸是为了消遣。基数词(分子)+in+基数词(分母)有“几分之几”的含义,two in three字面含义是“三个中的两个”,也就是三分之二。故填in。
14.(2023年全国高三专练)Three of four people believe that having healthy teeth is of great importance.
【答案】out
【详解】考查分数。句意:四分之三的人认为拥有健康的牙齿是非常重要的。结合句意表示“四分之三”可知短语为three out of four。故填out。
(2023年全国高三专练)The old lady living on the (five) floor sometimes dances with her husband on the square.
【答案】fifth
【详解】考查序数词。句意:住在五楼的老太太有时和她丈夫在广场上跳舞。提示词作定语,表示“第五”,用序数词fifth。故填fifth。数词和主谓一致
目 录
01 易错陷阱(4大陷阱)
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】常见基数词和序数词易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
【易错点提醒四】“一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1:常见基数词和序数词易混易错点。
【分析】
hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score等词前有具体数字时,词尾一般不加-s, 不与of连用, 但可与many, a few, several等连用。(如three thousand books; hundreds of books)
序数词“第一、第二、第三”单独记;4-19词尾加-th。(易错词:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth)
整十序数词辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i,再加-th。(如twenty twentieth; thirty thirties)
the+序数词表示“顺序”;a+序数词表示“又,再”。
【规律总结】
at first最初 at first hand直接地 first of all首先
at first sight乍一看 at second hand间接地 first and foremost直接递
a second-hand 二手的 stand first名列第一 second to none首屈一指
a second又一,再一 ten to nine十之八九 twos and threes三三两两,零零星星
易错陷阱2:分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点。
【分析】
表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,在分母后加-s。(易错点:1/2不能用a second, 应用a/one half)
分数、百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词而决定。
易错陷阱3:年龄、世纪年代易混易错点。
【分析】
表示“某人多大年龄”用“at the age of+基数词”或“基数词+years old”或“基数词+years of age”
表示“某人几十多岁时”,用in one’s+整十基数词的复数(如in his thirties)
表示“......世纪年代时”,用in the +世纪年代s /世纪年代’s(in the 1980s/1980’s)
易错陷阱4:“一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点。
【规律总结】
只修饰可数名词 a few, quit a few, many, a good many, a large number of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, dozens of, scores of作主语时,谓语动词用复数
只修饰不可数名词 a little, quite a little, much, a great of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数
即修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, the rest of作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由名词来决定 a large quantity of作主语时,谓语动词用单数 large quantities of作主语时,谓语动词用复数
【易错点提醒一】 常见基数词和序数词易混易错点
【例1】 (2022年新高考I卷)If it is not turned in by the _______ (four) day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
【变式1】 (2023年上海长宁高三模拟)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council-run courses costing from £10 each time.
【变式1】 (2023年江苏南京高三模拟)Most Brits spend almost ______(two)as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.
【易错点提醒二】 分数与百分数及主谓一致易混易错点
【例2】 (2023年湖南高三校模拟)The factory used 70 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ (be) saved for other purposes.
【变式1】(2023年湖南省邵阳武冈高三联考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ______ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.
【变式2】(2023年河南省高三校联考)Two thirds of the region _______ (have) been deforested in the past decade.
【易错点提醒三】年龄、世纪年代易混易错点
【例3】(2023年吉林高三校模拟)The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early _______(1990).
【变式1】(2023年全国专项练习)Funnily enough I can remember what I had for lunch ________ July 5th,2012, but I’ve forgotten what I had for breakfast today.
【易错点提醒四】 “一些;许多”的词汇与主谓一致易混易错点
【例4】((2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【变式1】(2023年四川德阳市高三诊断)My parents frequently traveled for work, sometimes as far as Hainan Province when I was a child, and they used to return home every few ______ (month).
【变式2改错】 A large quantity of students live in the shabby dormitory, while large amounts of money have been spent on the headmaster’s new car.
1.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2.(2019年新课标I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
(2023年全国高三专练)It is said that the number of people who read physical books is now double it was last year.
(2023年全国高三专练)In his (thirtieth), he was quite thin and pale and he had red bushy hair.
(2023年全国高三专练)In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
(2023年全国高三专练)A large amount of money (save) since we used the equipment.
(2023年全国高三专练)About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest.
8.(2023年全国高三专练)The majority of the work in creating a project (be) now completed.
9.(2023年全国高三专练)More than one picture (show) that over 70% of the island (be) covered by water.
10.(2023年全国高三专练)One half of the world’s population (be) Asians.
11.(2023年全国高三专练)The boy picked up a(n) (hand) of stones and started throwing them at us.
12.(2023年全国高三专练)However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
13.(2023年全国高三专练)It's reported that two three boys read newspaper for pleasure.
14.(2023年全国高三专练)Three of four people believe that having healthy teeth is of great importance.
(2023年全国高三专练)The old lady living on the (five) floor sometimes dances with her husband on the square.