阅读理解词义猜测题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】
这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】 阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 （湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）
She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C，应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building block。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。
【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went so until last year. “I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I was afraid my mental health was getting worse.”
......
Which of the following best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Safe and slow. B．Fast and dangerous.
C．Exciting and terrifying. D．Gentle and comfortable.
易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下文引述的话可推知逻辑含义。
【答案】 B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Alicia Quarles has her hands full these days — both of them, at all hours of the day and night.(这些天艾丽西亚·夸尔斯忙得不可开交——无论是白天还是晚上)”及划线词下文““I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I was afraid my mental health was getting worse.”(“我筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。”)”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fast and dangerous(快速危险)意思接近。故选B。
【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago in Illinois, I worked to design safer, more effective materials for vaccine delivery. Although I had been productive early in my graduate career, my long hours and hard work were no longer translating into success in the laboratory, and I felt hopeless about achieving my goals. Something had to change.
......
What does the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Stopped progressing smoothly. B．Had very slow reactions.
C．Accepted hard work’s value. D．Overcame a big problem.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Although I had been productive early in my graduate career, my long hours and hard work were no longer translating into success in the laboratory, and I felt hopeless about achieving my goals. Something had to change.(虽然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。)”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 （安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑联系。
【答案】D
【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. (这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键)”以及“ “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative. “But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!” (“绿色长城……是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。
【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For instance, a new law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Compared to America, Denmark sets a much lower regulatory limit of 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the European Environment Agency. “It does work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission. In general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the temperature of the food rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier told NBS, one of the major American mass-media companies.
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Considerable migration of grease and water.
B．PFAS transmission from packaging to food.
C．Wrapper exposure to high food temperature.
D．Regulatory limits concerning food packaging.
【答案】B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission.(PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是100%，但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。
【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）
At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends.
......
What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A midbrain area. B．A social activity. C．A volunteer. D．A hamburger.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends. (在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的social activities之一。故选B项。
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选C、D，应根据上句，理解深层含义。
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much.(大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，去得太多，说得太多)”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东西，比如吃穿和闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B项“however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor(无论物质上多么富裕，他们精神上仍然贫乏)”同义。故选B项。
【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
......
What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
【答案】C
【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。
【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）
When you need a job very much, you may end up taking
Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “ Take things off your boss’s plate and let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”
......
The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.
A．draw your boss’s attention B．share your boss’s burdens
C．give your boss useful advice D．ask your boss for a better position
【答案】B
【分析】词义猜测题。通过文中画线句后文“let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.（让他知道哪些项目或任务你想要多了解一些。）” 可知画线部分的意思是你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B项。
【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）
As soon as I started pedaling again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose. Since that happened t my granddad decided to call it a day and try again the next morning. The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better, so I wasn’t that afraid of falling anymore.
......
26．What does the underlined part in the passage mean
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the author feel happy.
C．Stop practicing bicycling.
D．Go on to ride a bike.
【答案】C
【分析】词义猜测题。下文and try again the next morning.说第二天早晨再尝试，可猜测出my granddad decided to call it a day的意思是我的祖父决定暂停，故选C。
1.（2023年全国甲卷）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
......
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
2.（2023年全国乙卷）
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
3.（2022年新高考I卷）
......
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）
Using first-of-their-kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. a University of Minnesota Twin Cities-led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance —around 500 million years after the Big Bang — and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence.
......
What does the underlined word “minuscule” in paragraph l mean
A．Extremely small. B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remote. D．Quite complicated.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据首段中的“The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance —around 500 million years after the Big Bang — and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence. (这个星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大约5亿年发现的最小星系之一，可以帮助天文学家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出现的星系。)”可知，本句是对该句前的galaxy cluster (星系团)进行进一步的解释，由此可知，划线单词是对新发现的galaxy cluster进行修饰，由此可以推断，划线单词的意思与“Extremely small (极小的)”意义有关。故选A项。
5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）
But Oreos don’t attract you with taste alone; scents have a huge impact on the eating experience. When you bite into an Oreo, chemicals in the cookie release odor ants into the air inside your mouth. These scents flow to your nasal cavity (鼻腔), where they interact with smell receptors (感受器) and enter your brain’s decoding (解码) process. Your brain is likely to find those smells delightful, says Charles Spence, a professor of experimental psychology at the UK’s University of Oxford. Spence says chocolate and vanilla are two of the world’s most liked smells.
......
What does the underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refer to
Chocolates. B．Chemicals. C．Cookies. D．Scents.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“scents have a huge impact on the eating experience. When you bite into an Oreo, chemicals in the cookie release odor ants into the air inside your mouth. These scents flow to your nasal cavity (鼻腔)（气味对饮食体验有着巨大的影响。当你咬一口奥利奥时，饼干中的化学物质会将气味释放到你嘴里的空气中。这些气味会进入你的鼻腔）”，可知，下文划线they指代的是scents。故选D。
（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）
“Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying. “I need more coffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added, looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me.
......
What does the underlined word “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph
A．Amused. B．Shocked.
C．Depressed. D．Excited.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“‘I do, too,’ I said, and handed it to him across the table. ‘Thanks,’ I added, looking at him expectantly.(“我也是。”我说着，隔着桌子递给了他。“谢谢。”我补充道，期待地看着他。)”可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖啡，这使他很震惊。所以划线词staggered为“震惊的”之意，与shocked意思相近。故选B。
7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of activities that most closely look like the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have cranked out varieties of coaching workbooks that are all collections of short excerpts accompanied by a set of multiple choice questions. Instead of teaching students how to read a whole book, we teach them how to take a standardized test.
......
Which of the following can replace the phrase “cranked out” in paragraph 4
charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of activities that most closely look like the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread (如果考试已经定下来了，最好的准备方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普及)”可知，出版商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大量出版，因此cranked out与produced同义。故选D。
8. (福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.
......
What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.
D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation, could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.(57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。
（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.
......
What does the underlined word “reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4
Caught up. B．Kept in touch. C．Made up. D．Changed in tune.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.”（打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Norscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要了。）可推知，此处为Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解。故可猜测划线单词reconciled为“和解”的意思，结合选项C项Made up“和解，和好”意思一致。故选C项。
10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. But after having such a strong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile.
......
Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
【答案】B
【解析】词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. (在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。
11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second.
......
What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to
A．The previous speech sound. B．The similarly sounding word.
C．The unclearly sounding word. D．The following speech sound.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。
12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
......
What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean
Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse.(让自己被遗憾淹没确实对你不好。但走向另一个极端可能更糟。)”可知，另一个极端就是消除遗憾，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思为：消除你的遗憾并不能让你从羞耻和悲伤中解脱出来，只会让你一次又一次地犯同样的错误。extinguish意为“消除，消灭”。故选B。
13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment. Nick would sit with computers on his lap trying for hours to book an appointment on different sites, which ended up in vain no matter how concentrated he was. “I felt hopeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard about Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mother of three who was helping to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals like Nick. So he messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you help Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reported back—Nick successfully had an appointment to get the vaccine.
4．The underlined words “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer to those ______.
A．who are too old to book an appointment. B．who need vaccine badly with serious disease.
C．who have little experience with computers. D．who have little spare time with many kids.
C．A Great Way to Get the Vaccine D．The Vaccine Chaos
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment.(俄亥俄州53岁的肾移植受者Nick Verel本应排在接种COVID-19疫苗的前列。然而，和其他数百万人一样，他也没能安排好预约)”以及划线词后文“like Nick”可知，Nick需要肾移植但是预约不上疫苗，故划线词意思是“患有严重疾病急需疫苗的人”。故选B。
14.（2023年高三全国专练）
To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point.
......
What does the word “which” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A collection point. B．A deposit system.
C．A small extra fee. D．Any coffee cup.
【答案】C
【解析】指代猜测题。由最后一段中的“To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point. (为了减少咖啡杯的浪费，Cup Club已经在英国更换了数百万个外卖杯，而德国的Recup则执行了一种存款制度，只需在任何咖啡杯存放在任何注册的收款点后，向买家退还一小部分额外费用。)”可知，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a small extra fee，所以which指a small extra fee。故选C项。
15.（2023年上海高三测试）
London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, “I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. ” Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London’s energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.
......
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London ________.
A．is expert at universe. B．aims high and strive to succeed.
C．is excited about life in the wildness. D．face a choice between life and death.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线句子后文“Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. (每一天，他都逼迫自己前进。一旦London决定要成为一名作家，什么也阻止不了他。)”可知，划线词句“I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. (我宁愿做一颗卓越的流星，让我的每一个原子都散发着壮丽的光芒，也不愿做一颗沉睡而永恒的行星。)”表明Jack London要制定高远目标并奋斗直到成功。故选B项。阅读理解词义猜测题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】
这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】 阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 （湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）
She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map.
C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went so until last year. “I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been working three jobs, doing my charity and going nonstop. I was afraid my mental health was getting worse.”
......
Which of the following best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Safe and slow. B．Fast and dangerous.
C．Exciting and terrifying. D．Gentle and comfortable.
【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago in Illinois, I worked to design safer, more effective materials for vaccine delivery. Although I had been productive early in my graduate career, my long hours and hard work were no longer translating into success in the laboratory, and I felt hopeless about achieving my goals. Something had to change.
......
What does the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Stopped progressing smoothly. B．Had very slow reactions.
C．Accepted hard work’s value. D．Overcame a big problem.
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 （安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For instance, a new law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Compared to America, Denmark sets a much lower regulatory limit of 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the European Environment Agency. “It does work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission. In general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the temperature of the food rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier told NBS, one of the major American mass-media companies.
What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Considerable migration of grease and water.
B．PFAS transmission from packaging to food.
C．Wrapper exposure to high food temperature.
D．Regulatory limits concerning food packaging.
【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）
At the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in two, small areas within it. Both areas produce dopamine, a chemical that is important in craving and rewards. The two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. After the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. It might be playing sports or chatting with friends.
......
What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A midbrain area. B．A social activity. C．A volunteer. D．A hamburger.
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.
......
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that______.
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
......
What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）
When you need a job very much, you may end up taking
Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “ Take things off your boss’s plate and let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”
......
The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.
A．draw your boss’s attention B．share your boss’s burdens
C．give your boss useful advice D．ask your boss for a better position
【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）
As soon as I started pedaling again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose. Since that happened t my granddad decided to call it a day and try again the next morning. The next morning I woke up bright and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. My nose felt better, so I wasn’t that afraid of falling anymore.
......
What does the underlined part in the passage mean
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the author feel happy.
C．Stop practicing bicycling.
D．Go on to ride a bike.
1.（2023年全国甲卷）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
......
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
2.（2023年全国乙卷）
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
3.（2022年新高考I卷）
......
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate
4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）
Using first-of-their-kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. a University of Minnesota Twin Cities-led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance —around 500 million years after the Big Bang — and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence.
......
What does the underlined word “minuscule” in paragraph l mean
A．Extremely small. B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remote. D．Quite complicated.
5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）
But Oreos don’t attract you with taste alone; scents have a huge impact on the eating experience. When you bite into an Oreo, chemicals in the cookie release odor ants into the air inside your mouth. These scents flow to your nasal cavity (鼻腔), where they interact with smell receptors (感受器) and enter your brain’s decoding (解码) process. Your brain is likely to find those smells delightful, says Charles Spence, a professor of experimental psychology at the UK’s University of Oxford. Spence says chocolate and vanilla are two of the world’s most liked smells.
......
What does the underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refer to
Chocolates. B．Chemicals. C．Cookies. D．Scents.
（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）
“Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying. “I need more coffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added, looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me.
......
What does the underlined word “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph
A．Amused. B．Shocked.
C．Depressed. D．Excited.
7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
If the test is already set, the best way to prepare for it is with a battery of activities that most closely look like the test itself. And so as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have cranked out varieties of coaching workbooks that are all collections of short excerpts accompanied by a set of multiple choice questions. Instead of teaching students how to read a whole book, we teach them how to take a standardized test.
......
Which of the following can replace the phrase “cranked out” in paragraph 4
charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced
8. (福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)
Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.
......
What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Donating his heart to a patient.
B．Performing the heart operation.
C．Living for 60 days after the operation.
D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.
（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.
......
What does the underlined word “reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4
Caught up. B．Kept in touch. C．Made up. D．Changed in tune.
10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
After rescuing the lonely animal, Sam and Vera found it extremely emotional to have to release her back out into the wild to fend for herself—even though they knew it was the right thing to do. But after having such a strong bond with an animal, it was really difficult to see her go. They had put so much time, effort and energy into raising her but to see her walking in a herd of blesboks made it all worthwhile.
......
Which word can best explain the underlined word “fend” in the last paragraph
A．Look. B．Care.
C．Search. D．Hunt.
11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）
In the study, the researchers sought to understand how the brain uses this following information to adjust our perception of what we initially heard. To do this, they conducted a series of experiments in which the subjects listened to isolated syllables and similarly sounding words. Their results produced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) is sensitive to how ambiguous a speech sound is at just 50 milliseconds after the sound’s appearance. The brain “replays” previous speech sounds while interpreting the following ones, suggesting re-evaluation as the rest of the word unfolds. The brain makes commitments to its “best guess” of how to interpret the signal after about half a second.
......
What does the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer to
A．The previous speech sound. B．The similarly sounding word.
C．The unclearly sounding word. D．The following speech sound.
12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sorrow but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
......
What does the underlined word “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean
Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.
13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment. Nick would sit with computers on his lap trying for hours to book an appointment on different sites, which ended up in vain no matter how concentrated he was. “I felt hopeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard about Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mother of three who was helping to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals like Nick. So he messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you help Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reported back—Nick successfully had an appointment to get the vaccine.
4．The underlined words “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer to those ______.
A．who are too old to book an appointment. B．who need vaccine badly with serious disease.
C．who have little experience with computers. D．who have little spare time with many kids.
C．A Great Way to Get the Vaccine D．The Vaccine Chaos
14.（2023年高三全国专练）
To reduce coffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millions of takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has performed a deposit system that simply adds a small extra fee to any coffee cup which is returned to the buyer after the cup is deposited in any registered collection point.
......
What does the word “which” in the last paragraph refer to
A．A collection point. B．A deposit system.
C．A small extra fee. D．Any coffee cup.
15.（2023年上海高三测试）
London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, “I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. ” Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London’s energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.
......
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London ________.
A．is expert at universe. B．aims high and strive to succeed.
C．is excited about life in the wildness. D．face a choice between life and death.
