阅读理解推理判断题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】观点态度易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】写作目的和意图易混易错点
【易错点提醒四】细节推断易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：观点态度易混易错点。
【分析】
1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清；
2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义；
3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思；
易错陷阱2：文章出处和读者对象易混易错点。
【分析】读者需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。
如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。
易错陷阱3：写作目的和意图易混易错点。
【分析】考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
易错陷阱4：细节推断易混易错点。
【分析】细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。考生应以文中信息为依据，不但要理解表层含义，而且要理解深层意义。
【易错点提醒一】 观点态度易混易错点
【例1】 （2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
But, it doesn't have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions(干预) to try to address these conflicts.”
Some interventions maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan forties when extreme climate events will bring people and wild if e into closer contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
What does Abrahms think of interventions
A. They are too simple. B. They are out-of-date.
C. They are changeable. D. They are beneficial.
易错分析：拘泥于找到原词，不能从话语中推理作者真正的态度，从而无中生有，仅凭现实生活主观臆断。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Abrahms认为，一旦你知道冲突的根本原因，你就可以设计干预措施，以帮助人类和野生动物。据此可知，他认为干预措施是有益的。
【变式1】（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others, however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans
A．Hopeless. B．Challenging.
C．Promising. D．Uncertain.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据段中“Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others, however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.（当然，所有这些都是预测。科学家们表示，要真正预测进化将如何展开几乎是不可能的。随着我们越走越远，预测就越不准确。更难预测的是另一个物种是否会发展出人类水平的智力，有些人认为这是可能发生的。然而，其他人则不那么乐观，因为他们认为大自然不会犯两次错误。）”可知，未来的其他物种能否扮演与人类相同的角色？有的人认为这是可能的，而有的人则对此持消极态度。因此，智能生物的未来是不确定的。故选D。
【变式2】 （2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
......
“No one can read a pamphlet (小册子) about cars and suddenly expect to drive,” said Rollins. “Driving is a skill that requires education and practice. The same is true of responsive parenting. Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment. This could improve childhood obesity rates and other important quality-of-life outcomes,” she continued.
Which of the following would Professor Rollins agree with
A．Kids’ early exposures to family psychosocial assets are hard to measure.
B．Kids’ academic success largely depends on family psychosocial assets.
C．Responsive parenting is the most important family psychosocial asset.
D．Developing psychosocial assets is a joint effort of experts and families.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据段中“Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment.”（公共卫生专业人员、临床医生和研究人员必须合作，帮助家庭发展心理社会资产，包括响应式养育和有组织的家庭环境。）可推知，发展心理社会资产是专家和家庭的共同努力。故选D项。
【变式3】（广东省佛山市S7联盟2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
......
These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.
What is the author’s attitude to this trend
A．Favorable. B．Confused. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.(但是，当选择和妈妈住在一起是应对不稳定的工作或城市租金的唯一方法时，这就不是什么好选择了。家仍然是一个地方，当你必须去那里时，他们必须接纳你。但是一个健康和成功的社会不应该让那么多年龄过大的孩子匆忙赶回家寻求庇护，也不应该让那么多父母为此感到难过。)”可推知，作者不赞成这种趋势。故选D项。
【易错点提醒二】 文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【例2】 （湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）
When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
......
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
易错分析：对生活常识记日志不熟悉，且第一段细节us here on the Space Station未能正确理解。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. (对于在空间站的我们而言也是如此。)”, 以及最后一段中的“Next time I will write about how to cook in space. (下次我会写一写在太空烹饪的事情。)”可以得知,本文以第一人称来陈述太空饮食方面的内容，因此本文应该是一篇宇航员的太空日志。故选B。
【变式1】（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
In his latest Twitter shake-up, Elon Musk has decided to temporarily control how many tweets users can read each day.
On Saturday, Musk announced the daily limit, with some accounts restricted to 300 posts. Musk said verified users would be able to read 6,000 posts per day, while unverified and newly created unverified accounts would only be able to read either 600 or 300 posts per day.
......
Where is this article most likely to occur
A．In a free magazine offered on an airplane.
B．In a yearly review book concerning Internet and society.
C．In a newspaper published within one month.
D．In a literature criticism book on politics.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“On Saturday, Musk announced the daily limit, with some accounts restricted to 300 posts. (周六，马斯克宣布了每日限制，一些账户被限制在300个帖子)”以及第四段中的“On Friday, Musk also changed Twitter’s rules to stop unregistered users from viewing tweets without signing up. (周五，马斯克还改变了推特的规则，禁止未注册用户在未注册的情况下查看推文)”等等，能反映本文是一篇紧跟时事的文章，且本文的语言较为陈述性，不夹杂作者的个人情感，因此最有可能的就是近一个月的新闻报道。故选C。
【变式2】（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
Special Food Places to Try In Singapore
It’s an unpleasant fact that local food places are usually meant to cater to meat-eaters. It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.
......
Who is the passage intended for
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who don’t eat meat.
C．Those who can’t go without meat.
D．Those who prefer home-made food.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.(很难找到一个迎合无肉饮食的美食场所。这里有一些选择，告诉你不需要吃肉就能得到令人满意的款待。)”可推知，这篇文章是写给那些不吃肉或鱼的人的。故选B。
【变式3】（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）
Beer Worth Traveling For
One could give to beer the higher status of a universal human truth. Think Irish Guinness or Japanese Sapporo, each culture has a beer all its own. But in recent years, smaller, more local craft breweries (啤酒厂) have been on the rise, necessitating globe-trotting to gain a taste of the regional takes on the classics.
From well-established breweries in South Africa and California, to the growing markets in Southeast Asia, craft beer is worth travelling for.
Szot Brewery
Talagante, Chile
A Californian and Chilean husband-and-wife team established this brewery outside Santiago in 2016. ......
The Dancing Camel Brewery
Tel Aviv, Israel
Located in a converted grain storage facility dating from the 1930s and established in 2005, Dancing Camel is Israel’s oldest microbrewery. ......
Young Master Brewery
Hong Kong SAR, China
As one of the first craft breweries in Hong Kong, Young Master Ales has been a hot spot since 2013. In addition to......
Young Henrys Brewery
Sydney, Australia
In the heart of the city, this brewery is all about the community, including reducing its environmental impact.......
Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel guidebook.
B．A science magazine.
C．A biology textbook.
D．A wine advertisement.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题，根据文章的标题“Beer Worth Traveling For(值得旅行的啤酒)”可知，文章主要介绍了几处值得旅行参观的精酿啤酒厂。由此推知，文章应是来自旅游手册。故选A项。
【易错点提醒三】 写作目的和意图易混易错点
【例3】（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
Navigating growing up alongside academic demands is a difficult phase of life for anyone. “The hardest part of having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability on top of the normal aspects of growing up,” Cladek said. “Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough,” said Cladek, who is now a college student. “If l could only be able to fit in with the rest of the kids and not have this anxiety and frustration every time I look at a math problem on my worksheet, then I’ll be enough, which was a common thought I had.”
What does the author want to say by men toning Cladek's experience
A. Cladek has fantastic memories of schooling.
B. It's better to have dyscalculia diagnosed earlier.
C. Growing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.
D. Academic demands outweigh struggling with dyscalculia.
易错分析：原文对应均是长难句，容易错误分析句子结构导致不理解句意，更不能推断出其深层含义。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Cladek说的话“Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough，”可知，患有计算障碍的成长极大地影响了Cladek的自我价值，总感觉自己不够好。由此可知，对一个成长过程中的人来说“数盲症”是一个巨大的挑战。
【变式1】（江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
As Mrs. Brown revealed in her award acceptance speech about her journey to creating Eden Village, helping homeless people is something personal, “I watched as my homeless friends walked off into the darkness to a hidden, wet and cold camp while we went home to a warm bed. I had to do something.”
Why is Mrs. Brown’s award acceptance speech mentioned in the paragraph
A．To express her sympathy for her friends.
B．To highlight the influence of the village.
C．To show her sincere gratitude for the award.
D．To give her reason for setting up the village.
易错分析：不能从引述话语中理解作者意图、推断作者深层含义。
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据段中Linda Brown 所说的话“I watched as my homeless friends walked off into the darkness to a hidden, wet and cold camp while we went home to a warm bed. I had to do something.（我看着我那些无家可归的朋友们走进黑暗中一个隐蔽的、又湿又冷的营地，而我们则回家睡在温暖的床上。我必须做点什么）”可以推论出，段中提到Mrs. Brown的获奖感言是为了说明她建立Eden Village的理由。故选D项。
【变式2】（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Eggs-perimenting with eggs
What can you do with eggs other than eat them
Naked Eggs
What does an egg look like without its shell You may be picturing the white and yolk in a bowl after cracking it, but that isn’t the only way to remove the shell.
Materials: an egg, white vinegar, a bowl, a spoon
Directions: Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar. Add the egg to the bowl, and wait at least 24 hours. When you check it after a day, you’ll notice some bubbles on the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spoon to gently remove the egg from the bowl. Dump out the old vinegar, and add a cup of fresh vinegar. Return the egg to the bowl, and wait another 24 hours. When you remove the egg this time, the shell should be completely dissolved. What remains will be the contents of the egg.
Walking on Eggshells
Can Eggs hold the weight of your entire body
Materials: six cartons (硬纸盒) of eggs, a garbage bag
Directions: Place the garbage bag on the floor to make any necessary clean up easier. Place the cartons of eggs into two rows of three. Make sure all the eggs are pointing in the same direction— either all pointy end up or all rounded end up. Step onto the first carton of eggs carefully. Make sure your foot is as flat as possible and that you are distributing your weight evenly. If you’re careful, you will succeed. Eggs are actually incredibly strong. The arch shape at the top and the bottom of the egg allows pressure to be distributed evenly over the egg. If you were to place the eggs on their sides instead, you’d be likely to wind up with a gooey (胶粘的) mess.
What was the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To persuade readers to use eggs in new ways.
B．To entertain readers with funny use for eggs.
C．To tell readers some ways to experiment with eggs.
D．To inspire readers to conduct experiments carefully.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述两个用鸡蛋做实验的方法，所以目的就是告诉我们鸡蛋除了吃，还可以用来做实验以及具体的实验方法，故选C。
【变式3】（Z20名校联盟2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）
......
Macaques don’t use the sharp flakes they create for anything, Luncz adds, noting that the monkeys have sharp teeth and don’t need cutting tools. The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites, however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3.3 million and 1.5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting. Cut marks on some fossils revealed that hominins had used stone tools for butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stone tools were anything but unintentional by-products of other pounding activities.
Why does the author mention the Oldowan site in paragraph 3
A．To provide specific proof. B．To clarify a complex concept.
C．To present an interesting fact. D．To make a detailed comparison.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites, however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3. 3 million and 1. 5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting.(然而，从一些已知最早的遗址中收集到的类似的古代石器显示出用于切割任务的证据。例如，在奥尔德万，一个可以追溯到大约330万到150万年前的遗址。研究人员分析了这些工具的使用磨损模式，发现一些薄片的边缘有损伤，表明它们曾被用来切割。)”可推断，作者提到奥尔德万遗址是为了提供具体的证据来说明古代石器用于切割任务。故选A。
【易错点提醒四】 细节推断易混易错点
【例4】（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三测试）
Who can apply
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
易错分析：原文细节Anyone is qualified to enroll 及后续举例未能正确理解和推断。
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据Who can apply 部分中“Past applicants have included: current UQ students, students from other universities, including international students, professionals, adults from a range of backgrounds, high-school students (过去的申请者包括：昆士兰大学在读学生，来自其他大学的学生（包括国际学生），专业人士，来自不同背景的成年人，高中生)”可知，过去的申请者是各种各样的。因此，背景多样可以概括其特征。故选C项。
【变式1】（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
A tree-planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30,000 trees being planted. The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016.
......
Speaking to world leaders at the recent United Nations Climate Conference in Glasgow (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serious warning on the threat of climate change. Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate related starvation. In 2025, half of the world’s population will be facing water shortage. The climate crisis will displace 80 million people in sub-Saharan Africa alone.
Elizabeth said, “I have been doing what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans.” So far, they have grown 30,000 fruit trees to maturity, providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children. “Every day we see that when we look after the trees, they look after us. We are the adults on this Earth right now, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water,” she added.
Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti
A．Friendly and talented. B．Caring and responsible.
C．Honest and determined. D．Ambitious and humorous.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据Elizabeth Wathuti创立慈善机构的目的，特别是第三段的第一句话“Speaking to world leaders at the recent United Nations Climate Conference in Glasgow (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serious warning on the threat of climate change.（最近在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候大会上，Elizabeth对世界各国领导人发表讲话，就气候变化的威胁发出了严重警告）”和第四段的第一句话“Elizabeth said, ‘I have been doing what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans.’（Elizabeth说:‘我一直在做我能做的。在伟大的Wangari Maathai启发下，我创立了一个植树计划，以提高肯尼亚年轻人的粮食安全’）”可以推论出， Elizabeth Wathuti是一位富有爱心和责任心的人。故选B项。
【变式2】（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
......
The Colombian researchers are not the only ones working on creating a slower-melting ice cream. In 2015, scientists at the University of Dundee in Scotland found that a natural protein called BsIA was very effective in keeping the treat frozen for longer periods of time. With both teams fighting to be the first to get to the market, the future of everyone’s favorite dessert certainly looks bright.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．BsIA is popular in the market.
B．CNFs are more useful and expensive than BsIA．
C．Ice creams with CNFs have been on sale at the market.
D．Slowly enjoying an ice cream will soon become a reality.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“The Colombian researchers are not the only ones working on creating a slower-melting ice cream. In 2015, scientists at the University of Dundee in Scotland found that a natural protein called BsIA was very effective in keeping the treat frozen for longer periods of time.”哥伦比亚的研究人员并不是唯一致力于制造一种融化速度较慢的冰淇淋的人。2015年，苏格兰邓迪大学的科学家们发现，一种叫做BsIA的天然蛋白质能有效地让巧克力保持更长时间的冷冻。由此推知，人们缓慢吃冰淇淋将会成为一个事实。故选D。
【变式3】（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
Special Food Places to Try In Singapore
It’s an unpleasant fact that local food places are usually meant to cater to meat-eaters. It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.
Vegan Burg
Vegan Burg has a surprisingly diverse range of plant-based burgers. From Hawaiian Teriyaki to Char-Grilled Satay, the menu promises to tempt even the most hardcore meat lovers. And that’s not even getting into the add-ons and sides it offers, such as mushroom fries and barbecue potatoes.
Woods Square Tower, #01-06, Singapore 737737
Genesis Restaurant
This eatery proves that meat-free dishes can be as hearty and flavorful as their meat-based counterparts. Genesis Restaurant is especially known for its juicy dumplings, spring rolls, pork-free noodles and tofu cheesecake.
Havelock Road, #B1-01, Singapore 059763
WellSmoocht Collective
WellSmoocht is a cafe and dessert bar which specializes in plant-based ice cream. Made from brown rice, sugar cane juice and fruits or nut butters, Smoocht’s rice cream, as they call it, comes in a wide variety of delicious flavors such as Earl Grey Lavender,Rose Coconut and Gula Melaka.
Sin Ming Centre, #01-03, Singapore 575628
Green Common
This one-stop plant-based eatery and marketplace has a delicious menu of mouth-watering meat-free dishes, from Japanese cuisine like sushi and miso glazed fillet to Western dishes like fishless tacos and pasta, as well as local favourites such as seafood laksa and even buah keluak rice.
HarbourFront Walk, #169-170, Singapore 098585
Who is the passage intended for
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who don’t eat meat.
C．Those who can’t go without meat.
D．Those who prefer home-made food.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.(很难找到一个迎合无肉饮食的美食场所。这里有一些选择，告诉你不需要吃肉就能得到令人满意的款待。)”可推知，这篇文章是写给那些不吃肉或鱼的人的。故选B。
1.（2023年新高考I卷）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】 6. B 7. A
【解析】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）
......
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
26．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
【答案】 25．A 26．D
【解析】
25.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
3. (2022年浙江卷1月)
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
......
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.”
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1．D 3．C
【解析】
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
4. (2021年新高考I卷)
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）
As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.
......
Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.
1．In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．present an issue D．make an argument
15．What does the author think of summer school programs
A．The conventional programs are ineffective. B．More choices should be provided for students.
C．Students should do more academic tasks. D．The programs are punishment for students.
【答案】1．C 2．B
【解析】
1.推理判断题。文章第一段提到“As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss.”（今年秋天，当学生们返校时，他们中的许多人——尤其是那些历史上处于不利地位的学生群体——将以比暑假开始时更低的成绩开始新学年。这种现象有时被称为夏季学习损失。）作者通过呈现这一现象来引入话题。由此可知，作者写第一段的作用是呈现问题, 故选C。
2.推理判断题。最后一段提到“Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. ”（传统上，教育工作者和政策制定者依靠传统的暑期学校项目来解决暑期学习损失问题）“Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. ”（无论设计如何，这些政策都应该为学生在暑假期间提供有吸引力的选择，这样暑期学习计划就不会让那些宁愿享受暑假的学生感到受惩罚。）由此判断，作者认为应该给学生更多的选择让学生既能保证学习效果，又能好好享受假期。故选B。
6.（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step — the “call to action” (A) — tells them exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.
......
“Call-to-action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer. For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie’s release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
1．What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A．To create jobs. B．To increase sales.
C．To research markets. D．To introduce products.
2．Why does the author mention the movie industry in the last paragraph
A．To design an AIDA model. B．To display how AIDA works.
C．To show how to make a movie. D．To advertise the movie industry.
【答案】1．B 2．B
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.(AIDA可以引导客户的感受通过每个阶段来达成销售) ”可推知，实践AIDA就是为了增加销售。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie’s release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket. (AIDA在电影工业中发挥了巨大的作用。电影制片厂会提前几个月开始营销活动。宣传活动通过提供有吸引力的电影片段而不透露太多信息来发展。Desire的灵感来自于完整预览版的发布，该预览版旨在展示电影的激动人心的时刻，从特效到幽默的对白。报纸和电视上的广告关注电影的上映，邀请消费者去买票)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了电影行业，以展示AIDA是如何工作的。故选B。
7.（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
As a child, Darrin, who was born and raised in Cameroon, was fascinated by Chinese martial arts. He dreamed about learning the discipline and visiting China one day.
In 2016, Darrin, who was a university student majoring in material science in Cameroon, started to learn Chinese at the Confucius Institute(孔子学院). Aside from martial arts, he got to know about the country through photos and videos. After a year of learning Chinese, Darin arrived in Kaifeng, as a language student at Henan University.
“When I saw the kung fu masters practice, it was like a dream come true. I was told that martial arts is more than the powerful movements. Like self-defense, it is about a way of life, which is full of Chinese philosophy,” says Darrin.
Since 2017, Darrin has entered many martial arts competitions, especially for tai chi, and won a number of awards. He says that tai chi helps him become strong and healthy, stay in good shape and develop excellent concentration, “Tai chi helps me gain my balance, physically and mentally,” says. “It changed me.”
Besides tai chi, Darrin also learned to perform Yuju Opera, which is known for its melodic singing, amazing martial arts movements and stories. In 2017, Darrin watched a Yuju Opera performance, Hua Mulan, for the first time after arriving in Kaifeng. “The story is full of drama. The singing of the performers and the live band were full of energy,” recalls Darrin, who later studied Yuju Opera with artist Li Shujian, “Since Yuju Opera is performed in the Henan dialect, he had to learn the dialect first. He learned and practiced very hard,” says Li.
In 2019, Dari performed Yuju Opera on the popular TV show, Li Yuan Chun, produced and broadcast by Henan TV. Under his Chinese name, Liu Banjing, Darrin won second place in one of the TV shows. Darrin notes that Kaifeng was formerly known as Bianjing in ancient China.
“I have made lots of rinds here and I am considering living and working in China after graduation,” says Darrin.
1. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A. Martial arts' influence on Darrin. B. Tai chi's strict discipline.
C. Darrin's numerous awards. D. Darrin's new dreams.
2. Why did Darrin use Liu Bianjing as his Chinese name
A. To honour his opera teacher. B. To express his love for the city.
C. To show his achievements. D. To attract more fans.
3. Which of the following can best describe Darrin
A. Optimistic and generous. B. Humorous and determined.
C. Ambitious and multi-talented. D. Adventurous and realistic.
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据第四段大意可知，自2017年以来，Darrin参加了武术比赛，特别是太极拳比赛，并获得了多个奖项。他说，太极拳可以帮助他变得强壮、健康、保持良好状态并培养出色的注意力。据此可知，本段主要介绍的是太极拳对他的影响。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Darrin以他的中文名字刘汴京在一档电视节目中获得第二名。他说，开封以前在中国古代被称为汴京。据此可知，他称自己为汴京，是表达对这座城市的热爱。
3.推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，喀麦隆的Darrin对中国武术着迷，并在武术领域取得很多奖项，后又潜心学习汉语、豫剧，并获奖。由此可知，他雄心勃勃又多才多艺。
8.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
“If you look at where hydrogen is going to be produced in Europe in the next million years, it’s in two countries, Spain and Portugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the founder and president of HyDeal Ambition, an industry platform bringing together 30 companies. “Hydrogen is the new oil.”
Lepercq is working with companies like Spanish gas pipeline corporation Enagas and global steel giant ArcelorMittal to design an end-to-end model for hydrogen production, distribution and supply at a competitive price. Criticism has centered on green hydrogen’s higher cost compared with highly-polluting “gray hydrogen” drawn from natural gas. Lepercq argues that solar energy produced in Spain is priced low enough to compete.
Globally, Lepercq said, “Electricity is 20% of energy consumption. What about the 80% that is not electrified ... You need to replace those fossil fuels. Not in 50 years’ time. You need to replace them now.”
What can be inferred about green hydrogen in Spain according to Lepercq
A．It is highly priced. B．It is easy to store.
C．It is competitive. D．It is highly-polluting.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lepercq is working with companies like Spanish gas pipeline corporation Enagas and global steel giant ArcelorMittal to design an end-to-end model for hydrogen production, distribution and supply at a competitive price. Criticism has centered on green hydrogen’s higher cost compared with highly-polluting “gray hydrogen” drawn from natural gas. Lepercq argues that solar energy produced in Spain is priced low enough to compete.(Lepercq正在与西班牙天然气管道公司Enagas和全球钢铁巨头ArcelorMittal公司合作，设计一种端到端的氢气生产、分销和供应模式，价格具有竞争力。批评的焦点是，与从天然气中提取的高污染“灰氢”相比，绿色氢的成本更高。Lepercq认为，西班牙生产的太阳能价格足够低，具有竞争力)”可知，Lepercq认为西班牙的绿氢生产极具竞争性。故选C。
9.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
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She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open, refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says. Soon enough, Zwinggi had secured appointments for both of her parents. “I felt like a rock star,” she says.
Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. “I feel like I need to will us out of this pandemic,” she says. On February 10, she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she was assisting with bookings. By March 2, she’d secured appointments for 400 people, a feat (壮举) that made Nick conclude, “Marla is an angel.”
Which of the following best describes Zwinggi
A．Caring and confident B．Passionate and persevering
C．Thoughtful and talented D．Supportive and skillful
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open, refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says.(她采用了网络内部人士熟悉的策略（保持多个浏览器打开，每20秒刷新一次网站，删除cookie），并添加了一些她的特殊技能。“我喝很多咖啡，而且打字很快，”她说)”以及最后一段“Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back.( Zwinggi认为帮助他人是她回馈社会的方式)”可推知，Zwinggi乐于助人且对预约疫苗很熟练。故选D。
10.（Z20名校联盟2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）
The ebike has become an essential item, and even the King has been spotted riding one. According to the market research company Mintel, sales have almost tripled over the past five years. While ebikes have become increasingly commonplace, they are still undeniably expensive. You can pick up a perfectly adequate push bike for 300, but most ebikes cost nearly 2, 000. Now, Cycling Electric, designed to help consumers choose an ebike, offers the following recommendations.
Best folding bike
Carbo Model X
Price: 2, 799 | Weight: 13. 3kg
Range: up to 34 miles
This is one of the most convenient bikes, from a little-known label. The lightweight Carbo X is the perfect example of convenience thanks to its carbon frame and belt drive, instead of a metal bike chain. This makes it lighter and less likely to get messy than an electric Brompton, with its more traditional, oily chain.
Most stylish
Temple Cycles Classic
Price: from 2, 995 | Weight: 19kg
Range: up to 74 miles
This Bristol-based brand is known for its elegant pushbikes, which are hand-built in the city. This is its electric version. It’s a very sleek and functional commuter option and not too heavy. Temples have fewer proprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and so are serviceable in any bike shop. Stylish as they may be, the VanMoofs and the Cowboys can be a bit more complex to get back-up and service.
The money-no-object option
Riese & Müller Nevo4 GT Vario GX
Price: 5, 380 | Weight: 28. 4kg
Range: up to 93 miles
This is a prime example of the attention to detail delivering a high-quality experience in functionality, comfort and practicality— if you can afford it. It has the capacity to handle 25kg of luggage in a pannier, powerful road lights and a beautifully smooth motor.
1．Which ebike will a consumer probably choose, who cares most about an excellent experience
A．Carbo Model X. B．The VanMoofs and the Cowboys.
C．Temple Cycles Classic. D．Riese & Müller Nevo4 GT Vario GX.
2．Where is the text probably taken from
A．An online post. B．A magazine column.
C．A market research report. D．An official document.
【答案】 1．D 2．B
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据最后一款车的介绍部分的“This is a prime example of the attention to detail delivering a high-quality experience in functionality, comfort and practicality— if you can afford it.(如果你能负担得起的话，这是一个注重细节，在功能、舒适和实用性方面提供高质量体验的典型例子。)”可知，最关心良好的体验的消费者会选择Riese & Müller Nevo4 GT Vario GX，故选D。
2．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Now, Cycling Electric, designed to help consumers choose an ebike, offers the following recommendations.(现在，旨在帮助消费者选择电动自行车的Cycling Electric提供了以下建议。)”可知，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车，因此很可能是来自于一个杂志专栏。故选B。
11. (广东省江门市新会一中2023-2024学年高三试题)
......
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
2．What is the basis for John’s work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】 1．B 2．A
【解析】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
12.（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）
On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.
Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.
......
“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”
......
1．What can we learn from Chris' words
A．It's unwise to raise money.
B．It's optional to seek donations.
C．It's wonderful to study art.
D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.
2．Which of the following best describes Luna
A．Gifted and determined. B．Generous and serious.
C．Grateful and helpful. D．Creative and sensitive.
【答案】1．D 2．A
【解析】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH”（不仅仅是捐款，我们想创造一种体验和时刻，不仅是为了筹集资金，也是为了让人们意识到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world.”（特别地，我们想给BCH的孩子们一个机会，与世界分享他们的故事和他们的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion”（ 继续追求她在艺术和时尚方面的兴趣）、第三段的“I got to use my art and creativity for something new”（ 我开始用我的艺术和创造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“share their story and their talents”（分享他们的故事和他们的天赋）可以看出Luna是有才华，有天赋的（talented/gifted），又根据文章第二段“Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion.”（ Luna做过三次心脏手术，并继续追求她对艺术和时尚的兴趣。）以及最后一段“The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up.”（ 我给孩子或像我这样的人的建议是永远不要放弃。）可以看出Luna是意志坚定的（determined）。故选A。
13.（广东省佛山市S7高质量发展联盟2023-2024学年高三联考英语试题）
A 12-year-old girl, Eleanor Woods, has created a green backpack that filters (过滤) out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition.
The competition was launched to encourage students to combine an interest in fashion with a career in science, technology, engineering or maths.
Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo--a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy--the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.
Air pollution was always Eleanor’s concern. Meanwhile, spending a lot of time with her asthmatic (患哮喘病的) mum, Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person’s health and the spread of diseases. “We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out It would be inconvenient and dangerous! My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds,” Eleanor said.
The girl added, “My generation has really realized pollution, and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this, because we need to do something.”
......
1．Who will most probably benefit from the backpack
A．Students living in poverty. B．Those suffering from asthma.
C．People working in an open way. D．Judges worried about pollution.
2．Which of the following best describes Eleanor Woods
A．Humorous and modest. B．Ambitious and selfless.
C．Confident and fearless. D．Creative and considerate.
【答案】 1．B 2．D
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第四段“We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out It would be inconvenient and dangerous! My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. (我们家里有一个空气过滤器，因为我的母亲患有轻度哮喘。但如果她想出去怎么办？这既不方便又危险！我的Breathe Better背包是为了保护像我母亲这样的人的安全)”可知，这款背包可让哮喘患者安全出门，推测哮喘病患者可能从背包中受益。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段“A 12-year-old girl, Eleanor Woods, has created a green backpack that filters out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition.(12岁的女孩Eleanor Woods制作了一个可以过滤空气污染的绿色背包。她的创新背包赢得了“面向未来的背包”比赛的奖项)”以及第四段“Air pollution was always Eleanor’s concern. Meanwhile, spending a lot of time with her asthmatic mum, Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person’s health and the spread of diseases.(空气污染一直是埃莉诺关心的问题。与此同时，埃莉诺花了很多时间和患有哮喘的母亲在一起，她特别关注污染如何影响一个人的健康和疾病的传播)”可知，Eleanor Woods关心空气污染，花很多时间陪伴自己的母亲，发明能够过滤空气的背包，Eleanor Woods是有创造力且具有创新能力的。故选D。
14.（山东省青岛市2023-2024学年高三调研检测试题）
Tree-planting, intended to help draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, has become a synonym (同义词) for climate action. In our constant focus on trees, we’ve developed a fixed understanding: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, end of story. The reality is that trees don’t grow well alone. They exist within complex communities, helped along by each other as well as the animals they coexist with. The woodland isn’t nature’s only carbon sink: Grasslands and oceans also help reduce the carbon level and rely on a healthy amount of biodiversity.
That’s what the paper, published in Nature, wants to get across. Co-author Oswald J. Schmitz, a professor of ecology at Yale University, said trees might not be able to do their carbon-uptake job efficiently without the right animals in their ecosystem. That’s because animals animate the carbon cycle through their behavior and roles in the ecosystem. He added that the very presence of wild animals could cause feedback effects that change the ecosystem’s capacity to absorb, release, or transport carbon.
In Serengeti, for instance, the sharp decline in wildebeest (角马) population s during the mid-20th century allowed grass to grow wildly, eventually promoting wildfires that consumed 80 percent of the ecosystem annually and led to a net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover, a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste, keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink.
......
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Actions are needed to reduce carbon dioxide. B．Trees are a quick solution to the climate crisis.
C．People are not thinking through trees properly. D．Grasslands and oceans help maintain biodiversity.
2．What does the author want to say by mentioning wildebeest
A．The conservation of animals is still a serious issue.
B．Animals can swing the ecosystem’s capacity to store carbon.
C．Human impacts bring about the reduction in wildlife populations.
D．The increase in animal species causes a decrease in carbon uptake.
【答案】1．C 2．B
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“In our constant focus on trees, we’ve developed a fixed understanding: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, end of story. The reality is that trees don’t grow well alone. (在我们对树木的持续关注中，我们已经形成了一种固定的理解：树木吸收二氧化碳，仅此而已。事实是，树木单独生长并不好)”可推知，人们没有正确地考虑树木。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He added that the very presence of wild animals could cause feedback effects that change the ecosystem’s capacity to absorb, release, or transport carbon.(他补充说，野生动物的存在可能会引起反馈效应，改变生态系统吸收、释放或运输碳的能力)”和第三段中“In Serengeti, for instance, the sharp decline in wildebeest (角马) population s during the mid-20th century allowed grass to grow wildly, eventually promoting wildfires that consumed 80 percent of the ecosystem annually and led to a net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (例如，在Serengeti，角马的数量在20世纪中期急剧下降，使得草疯狂生长，最终引发了野火，每年消耗80%的生态系统，并导致二氧化碳净释放到大气中)”可推知，作者提到角马是想说动物可以改变生态系统储存碳的能力。故选B项。
15.(山东省曲阜师大附中2023-2024学年高三试题)
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
1．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
2．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
【答案】 1．A 2．D
【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。阅读理解推理判断题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】观点态度易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】写作目的和意图易混易错点
【易错点提醒四】细节推断易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：观点态度易混易错点。
【分析】
1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清；
2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义；
3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思；
易错陷阱2：文章出处和读者对象易混易错点。
【分析】读者需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。
如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。
易错陷阱3：写作目的和意图易混易错点。
【分析】考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
易错陷阱4：细节推断易混易错点。
【分析】细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。考生应以文中信息为依据，不但要理解表层含义，而且要理解深层意义。
【易错点提醒一】 观点态度易混易错点
【例1】 （2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
But, it doesn't have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions(干预) to try to address these conflicts.”
Some interventions maybe as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan forties when extreme climate events will bring people and wild if e into closer contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
What does Abrahms think of interventions
A. They are too simple. B. They are out-of-date.
C. They are changeable. D. They are beneficial.
【变式1】（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others, however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans
A．Hopeless. B．Challenging.
C．Promising. D．Uncertain.
【变式2】 （2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
......
“No one can read a pamphlet (小册子) about cars and suddenly expect to drive,” said Rollins. “Driving is a skill that requires education and practice. The same is true of responsive parenting. Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment. This could improve childhood obesity rates and other important quality-of-life outcomes,” she continued.
Which of the following would Professor Rollins agree with
A．Kids’ early exposures to family psychosocial assets are hard to measure.
B．Kids’ academic success largely depends on family psychosocial assets.
C．Responsive parenting is the most important family psychosocial asset.
D．Developing psychosocial assets is a joint effort of experts and families.
【变式3】（广东省佛山市S7联盟2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
......
These kids are admittedly luckier than those for whom going back home is sadly not an option. But when choosing to live with your mum is the only way of coping with an insecure job, or with the costs of renting in the city, then that’s not much of a choice. Home is still the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. But a healthy and successful society shouldn’t be sending quite many overgrown children hurrying back for shelter, and nor should it leave quite many parents feeling bad about it.
What is the author’s attitude to this trend
A．Favorable. B．Confused. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving.
【易错点提醒二】 文章出处和读者对象易混易错点
【例2】 （湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）
When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
......
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A food magazine. B．An astronaut’s journal.
C．A sci-fi handbook. D．A space history website.
【变式1】（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
In his latest Twitter shake-up, Elon Musk has decided to temporarily control how many tweets users can read each day.
On Saturday, Musk announced the daily limit, with some accounts restricted to 300 posts. Musk said verified users would be able to read 6,000 posts per day, while unverified and newly created unverified accounts would only be able to read either 600 or 300 posts per day.
......
Where is this article most likely to occur
A．In a free magazine offered on an airplane.
B．In a yearly review book concerning Internet and society.
C．In a newspaper published within one month.
D．In a literature criticism book on politics.
【变式2】（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
Special Food Places to Try In Singapore
It’s an unpleasant fact that local food places are usually meant to cater to meat-eaters. It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.
......
Who is the passage intended for
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who don’t eat meat.
C．Those who can’t go without meat.
D．Those who prefer home-made food.
【变式3】（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）
Beer Worth Traveling For
One could give to beer the higher status of a universal human truth. Think Irish Guinness or Japanese Sapporo, each culture has a beer all its own. But in recent years, smaller, more local craft breweries (啤酒厂) have been on the rise, necessitating globe-trotting to gain a taste of the regional takes on the classics.
From well-established breweries in South Africa and California, to the growing markets in Southeast Asia, craft beer is worth travelling for.
Szot Brewery
Talagante, Chile
A Californian and Chilean husband-and-wife team established this brewery outside Santiago in 2016. ......
The Dancing Camel Brewery
Tel Aviv, Israel
Located in a converted grain storage facility dating from the 1930s and established in 2005, Dancing Camel is Israel’s oldest microbrewery. ......
Young Master Brewery
Hong Kong SAR, China
As one of the first craft breweries in Hong Kong, Young Master Ales has been a hot spot since 2013. In addition to......
Young Henrys Brewery
Sydney, Australia
In the heart of the city, this brewery is all about the community, including reducing its environmental impact.......
Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel guidebook.
B．A science magazine.
C．A biology textbook.
D．A wine advertisement.
【易错点提醒三】 写作目的和意图易混易错点
【例3】（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
Navigating growing up alongside academic demands is a difficult phase of life for anyone. “The hardest part of having dyscalculia in my K-12 experience was dealing with a disability on top of the normal aspects of growing up,” Cladek said. “Growing up with dyscalculia greatly affected myself-worth and not feeling like I am enough,” said Cladek, who is now a college student. “If l could only be able to fit in with the rest of the kids and not have this anxiety and frustration every time I look at a math problem on my worksheet, then I’ll be enough, which was a common thought I had.”
What does the author want to say by men toning Cladek's experience
A. Cladek has fantastic memories of schooling.
B. It's better to have dyscalculia diagnosed earlier.
C. Growing up with dyscalculia is a big challenge.
D. Academic demands outweigh struggling with dyscalculia.
【变式1】（江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
As Mrs. Brown revealed in her award acceptance speech about her journey to creating Eden Village, helping homeless people is something personal, “I watched as my homeless friends walked off into the darkness to a hidden, wet and cold camp while we went home to a warm bed. I had to do something.”
Why is Mrs. Brown’s award acceptance speech mentioned in the paragraph
A．To express her sympathy for her friends.
B．To highlight the influence of the village.
C．To show her sincere gratitude for the award.
D．To give her reason for setting up the village.
【变式2】（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Eggs-perimenting with eggs
What can you do with eggs other than eat them
Naked Eggs
What does an egg look like without its shell You may be picturing the white and yolk in a bowl after cracking it, but that isn’t the only way to remove the shell.
Materials: an egg, white vinegar, a bowl, a spoon
Directions: Fill a bowl with one cup of vinegar. Add the egg to the bowl, and wait at least 24 hours. When you check it after a day, you’ll notice some bubbles on the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spoon to gently remove the egg from the bowl. Dump out the old vinegar, and add a cup of fresh vinegar. Return the egg to the bowl, and wait another 24 hours. When you remove the egg this time, the shell should be completely dissolved. What remains will be the contents of the egg.
Walking on Eggshells
Can Eggs hold the weight of your entire body
Materials: six cartons (硬纸盒) of eggs, a garbage bag
Directions: Place the garbage bag on the floor to make any necessary clean up easier. Place the cartons of eggs into two rows of three. Make sure all the eggs are pointing in the same direction— either all pointy end up or all rounded end up. Step onto the first carton of eggs carefully. Make sure your foot is as flat as possible and that you are distributing your weight evenly. If you’re careful, you will succeed. Eggs are actually incredibly strong. The arch shape at the top and the bottom of the egg allows pressure to be distributed evenly over the egg. If you were to place the eggs on their sides instead, you’d be likely to wind up with a gooey (胶粘的) mess.
What was the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To persuade readers to use eggs in new ways.
B．To entertain readers with funny use for eggs.
C．To tell readers some ways to experiment with eggs.
D．To inspire readers to conduct experiments carefully.
【变式3】（Z20名校联盟2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）
......
Macaques don’t use the sharp flakes they create for anything, Luncz adds, noting that the monkeys have sharp teeth and don’t need cutting tools. The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites, however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3.3 million and 1.5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting. Cut marks on some fossils revealed that hominins had used stone tools for butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stone tools were anything but unintentional by-products of other pounding activities.
Why does the author mention the Oldowan site in paragraph 3
A．To provide specific proof. B．To clarify a complex concept.
C．To present an interesting fact. D．To make a detailed comparison.
【易错点提醒四】 细节推断易混易错点
【例4】（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三测试）
Who can apply
Anyone is qualified to enroll in the Summer Semester, but please note some courses are only available to current students who are enrolled in a UQ degree.
Past applicants have included:
●current UQ students
●students from other universities, including international students
●professionals
●adults from a range of backgrounds
●high-school students
Which word can best describe the past applicants of Summer Semester
A．Skilled. B．Young. C．Diverse. D．Competent.
【变式1】（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
A tree-planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30,000 trees being planted. The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016.
......
Speaking to world leaders at the recent United Nations Climate Conference in Glasgow (COP26), Elizabeth issued a serious warning on the threat of climate change. Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate related starvation. In 2025, half of the world’s population will be facing water shortage. The climate crisis will displace 80 million people in sub-Saharan Africa alone.
Elizabeth said, “I have been doing what I can. Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans.” So far, they have grown 30,000 fruit trees to maturity, providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children. “Every day we see that when we look after the trees, they look after us. We are the adults on this Earth right now, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water,” she added.
Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti
A．Friendly and talented. B．Caring and responsible.
C．Honest and determined. D．Ambitious and humorous.
【变式2】（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
......
The Colombian researchers are not the only ones working on creating a slower-melting ice cream. In 2015, scientists at the University of Dundee in Scotland found that a natural protein called BsIA was very effective in keeping the treat frozen for longer periods of time. With both teams fighting to be the first to get to the market, the future of everyone’s favorite dessert certainly looks bright.
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．BsIA is popular in the market.
B．CNFs are more useful and expensive than BsIA．
C．Ice creams with CNFs have been on sale at the market.
D．Slowly enjoying an ice cream will soon become a reality.
【变式3】（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）
Special Food Places to Try In Singapore
It’s an unpleasant fact that local food places are usually meant to cater to meat-eaters. It can be difficult to find a tasty food place that caters to meat-free diet. Here are some options to show you don’t need meat for a satisfactory treat.
Vegan Burg
Vegan Burg has a surprisingly diverse range of plant-based burgers. From Hawaiian Teriyaki to Char-Grilled Satay, the menu promises to tempt even the most hardcore meat lovers. And that’s not even getting into the add-ons and sides it offers, such as mushroom fries and barbecue potatoes.
Woods Square Tower, #01-06, Singapore 737737
Genesis Restaurant
This eatery proves that meat-free dishes can be as hearty and flavorful as their meat-based counterparts. Genesis Restaurant is especially known for its juicy dumplings, spring rolls, pork-free noodles and tofu cheesecake.
Havelock Road, #B1-01, Singapore 059763
WellSmoocht Collective
WellSmoocht is a cafe and dessert bar which specializes in plant-based ice cream. Made from brown rice, sugar cane juice and fruits or nut butters, Smoocht’s rice cream, as they call it, comes in a wide variety of delicious flavors such as Earl Grey Lavender,Rose Coconut and Gula Melaka.
Sin Ming Centre, #01-03, Singapore 575628
Green Common
This one-stop plant-based eatery and marketplace has a delicious menu of mouth-watering meat-free dishes, from Japanese cuisine like sushi and miso glazed fillet to Western dishes like fishless tacos and pasta, as well as local favourites such as seafood laksa and even buah keluak rice.
HarbourFront Walk, #169-170, Singapore 098585
Who is the passage intended for
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who don’t eat meat.
C．Those who can’t go without meat.
D．Those who prefer home-made food.
1.（2023年新高考I卷）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）
......
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
26．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
3. (2022年浙江卷1月)
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
......
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.”
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
4. (2021年新高考I卷)
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）
As students return to school this fall, many of them- perhaps especially those from historically disadvantaged student groups- will be starting the academic year with achievement levels lower than where they were at the beginning of summer break. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as summer learning loss. We review what is known about summer loss and offer suggestions for schools looking to solve the problem.
......
Traditionally, educators and policymakers have relied on conventional summer school programs to solve summer learning loss. Not surprisingly, research suggests that programs are more effective when students attend consistently and spend more time on task academically. Regardless of the design, these policies should offer engaging options for students over the summer so that summer learning programs do not feel like punishment for students who would rather be enjoying summer vacation. Doing so would set more students up for success as the school year gets underway.
1．In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．present an issue D．make an argument
15．What does the author think of summer school programs
A．The conventional programs are ineffective. B．More choices should be provided for students.
C．Students should do more academic tasks. D．The programs are punishment for students.
6.（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step — the “call to action” (A) — tells them exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.
......
“Call-to-action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer. For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie’s release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
1．What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A．To create jobs. B．To increase sales.
C．To research markets. D．To introduce products.
2．Why does the author mention the movie industry in the last paragraph
A．To design an AIDA model. B．To display how AIDA works.
C．To show how to make a movie. D．To advertise the movie industry.
7.（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）
As a child, Darrin, who was born and raised in Cameroon, was fascinated by Chinese martial arts. He dreamed about learning the discipline and visiting China one day.
In 2016, Darrin, who was a university student majoring in material science in Cameroon, started to learn Chinese at the Confucius Institute(孔子学院). Aside from martial arts, he got to know about the country through photos and videos. After a year of learning Chinese, Darin arrived in Kaifeng, as a language student at Henan University.
“When I saw the kung fu masters practice, it was like a dream come true. I was told that martial arts is more than the powerful movements. Like self-defense, it is about a way of life, which is full of Chinese philosophy,” says Darrin.
Since 2017, Darrin has entered many martial arts competitions, especially for tai chi, and won a number of awards. He says that tai chi helps him become strong and healthy, stay in good shape and develop excellent concentration, “Tai chi helps me gain my balance, physically and mentally,” says. “It changed me.”
Besides tai chi, Darrin also learned to perform Yuju Opera, which is known for its melodic singing, amazing martial arts movements and stories. In 2017, Darrin watched a Yuju Opera performance, Hua Mulan, for the first time after arriving in Kaifeng. “The story is full of drama. The singing of the performers and the live band were full of energy,” recalls Darrin, who later studied Yuju Opera with artist Li Shujian, “Since Yuju Opera is performed in the Henan dialect, he had to learn the dialect first. He learned and practiced very hard,” says Li.
In 2019, Dari performed Yuju Opera on the popular TV show, Li Yuan Chun, produced and broadcast by Henan TV. Under his Chinese name, Liu Banjing, Darrin won second place in one of the TV shows. Darrin notes that Kaifeng was formerly known as Bianjing in ancient China.
“I have made lots of rinds here and I am considering living and working in China after graduation,” says Darrin.
1. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A. Martial arts' influence on Darrin. B. Tai chi's strict discipline.
C. Darrin's numerous awards. D. Darrin's new dreams.
2. Why did Darrin use Liu Bianjing as his Chinese name
A. To honour his opera teacher. B. To express his love for the city.
C. To show his achievements. D. To attract more fans.
3. Which of the following can best describe Darrin
A. Optimistic and generous. B. Humorous and determined.
C. Ambitious and multi-talented. D. Adventurous and realistic.
8.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三名校联考检测试题）
“If you look at where hydrogen is going to be produced in Europe in the next million years, it’s in two countries, Spain and Portugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the founder and president of HyDeal Ambition, an industry platform bringing together 30 companies. “Hydrogen is the new oil.”
Lepercq is working with companies like Spanish gas pipeline corporation Enagas and global steel giant ArcelorMittal to design an end-to-end model for hydrogen production, distribution and supply at a competitive price. Criticism has centered on green hydrogen’s higher cost compared with highly-polluting “gray hydrogen” drawn from natural gas. Lepercq argues that solar energy produced in Spain is priced low enough to compete.
Globally, Lepercq said, “Electricity is 20% of energy consumption. What about the 80% that is not electrified ... You need to replace those fossil fuels. Not in 50 years’ time. You need to replace them now.”
What can be inferred about green hydrogen in Spain according to Lepercq
A．It is highly priced. B．It is easy to store.
C．It is competitive. D．It is highly-polluting.
9.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
......
She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple browsers open, refreshing sites every 20 seconds, erasing cookies) and added a few of her special skills. “I drink a lot of coffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says. Soon enough, Zwinggi had secured appointments for both of her parents. “I felt like a rock star,” she says.
Zwinggi decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. “I feel like I need to will us out of this pandemic,” she says. On February 10, she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she was assisting with bookings. By March 2, she’d secured appointments for 400 people, a feat (壮举) that made Nick conclude, “Marla is an angel.”
Which of the following best describes Zwinggi
A．Caring and confident B．Passionate and persevering
C．Thoughtful and talented D．Supportive and skillful
10.（Z20名校联盟2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）
The ebike has become an essential item, and even the King has been spotted riding one. According to the market research company Mintel, sales have almost tripled over the past five years. While ebikes have become increasingly commonplace, they are still undeniably expensive. You can pick up a perfectly adequate push bike for 300, but most ebikes cost nearly 2, 000. Now, Cycling Electric, designed to help consumers choose an ebike, offers the following recommendations.
Best folding bike
Carbo Model X
Price: 2, 799 | Weight: 13. 3kg
Range: up to 34 miles
This is one of the most convenient bikes, from a little-known label. The lightweight Carbo X is the perfect example of convenience thanks to its carbon frame and belt drive, instead of a metal bike chain. This makes it lighter and less likely to get messy than an electric Brompton, with its more traditional, oily chain.
Most stylish
Temple Cycles Classic
Price: from 2, 995 | Weight: 19kg
Range: up to 74 miles
This Bristol-based brand is known for its elegant pushbikes, which are hand-built in the city. This is its electric version. It’s a very sleek and functional commuter option and not too heavy. Temples have fewer proprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and so are serviceable in any bike shop. Stylish as they may be, the VanMoofs and the Cowboys can be a bit more complex to get back-up and service.
The money-no-object option
Riese & Müller Nevo4 GT Vario GX
Price: 5, 380 | Weight: 28. 4kg
Range: up to 93 miles
This is a prime example of the attention to detail delivering a high-quality experience in functionality, comfort and practicality— if you can afford it. It has the capacity to handle 25kg of luggage in a pannier, powerful road lights and a beautifully smooth motor.
1．Which ebike will a consumer probably choose, who cares most about an excellent experience
A．Carbo Model X. B．The VanMoofs and the Cowboys.
C．Temple Cycles Classic. D．Riese & Müller Nevo4 GT Vario GX.
2．Where is the text probably taken from
A．An online post. B．A magazine column.
C．A market research report. D．An official document.
11. (广东省江门市新会一中2023-2024学年高三试题)
......
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.
2．What is the basis for John’s work
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
12.（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）
On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.
Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.
......
“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”
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1．What can we learn from Chris' words
A．It's unwise to raise money.
B．It's optional to seek donations.
C．It's wonderful to study art.
D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.
2．Which of the following best describes Luna
A．Gifted and determined. B．Generous and serious.
C．Grateful and helpful. D．Creative and sensitive.
13.（广东省佛山市S7高质量发展联盟2023-2024学年高三联考英语试题）
A 12-year-old girl, Eleanor Woods, has created a green backpack that filters (过滤) out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition.
The competition was launched to encourage students to combine an interest in fashion with a career in science, technology, engineering or maths.
Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo--a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy--the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.
Air pollution was always Eleanor’s concern. Meanwhile, spending a lot of time with her asthmatic (患哮喘病的) mum, Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person’s health and the spread of diseases. “We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out It would be inconvenient and dangerous! My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds,” Eleanor said.
The girl added, “My generation has really realized pollution, and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this, because we need to do something.”
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1．Who will most probably benefit from the backpack
A．Students living in poverty. B．Those suffering from asthma.
C．People working in an open way. D．Judges worried about pollution.
2．Which of the following best describes Eleanor Woods
A．Humorous and modest. B．Ambitious and selfless.
C．Confident and fearless. D．Creative and considerate.
14.（山东省青岛市2023-2024学年高三调研检测试题）
Tree-planting, intended to help draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, has become a synonym (同义词) for climate action. In our constant focus on trees, we’ve developed a fixed understanding: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, end of story. The reality is that trees don’t grow well alone. They exist within complex communities, helped along by each other as well as the animals they coexist with. The woodland isn’t nature’s only carbon sink: Grasslands and oceans also help reduce the carbon level and rely on a healthy amount of biodiversity.
That’s what the paper, published in Nature, wants to get across. Co-author Oswald J. Schmitz, a professor of ecology at Yale University, said trees might not be able to do their carbon-uptake job efficiently without the right animals in their ecosystem. That’s because animals animate the carbon cycle through their behavior and roles in the ecosystem. He added that the very presence of wild animals could cause feedback effects that change the ecosystem’s capacity to absorb, release, or transport carbon.
In Serengeti, for instance, the sharp decline in wildebeest (角马) population s during the mid-20th century allowed grass to grow wildly, eventually promoting wildfires that consumed 80 percent of the ecosystem annually and led to a net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover, a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste, keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink.
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1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Actions are needed to reduce carbon dioxide. B．Trees are a quick solution to the climate crisis.
C．People are not thinking through trees properly. D．Grasslands and oceans help maintain biodiversity.
2．What does the author want to say by mentioning wildebeest
A．The conservation of animals is still a serious issue.
B．Animals can swing the ecosystem’s capacity to store carbon.
C．Human impacts bring about the reduction in wildlife populations.
D．The increase in animal species causes a decrease in carbon uptake.
15.(山东省曲阜师大附中2023-2024学年高三试题)
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
1．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
2．What can we infer about the author
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
