(共43张PPT)
Section B Using language
要点精研·探究学习
课时达标·随堂自测
要点精研·探究学习
第一版块|重点词汇
1．employ vt.应用，运用，使用；雇用
The children should be taught how to employ their spare time properly.
孩子们应该被教会怎样恰当地利用他们的空闲时间。
His elder brother is employed as a cook in a big restaurant.
他的哥哥受雇于一家大饭店当厨师。
Every autumn, they employ casual workers to pick the fruit.每年秋天，他们雇用临时工摘水果。
She was employed in making a list of all the work to be done this week.她忙着把这周所有要做的工作列一个清单。
employ sb. as... 雇用某人为……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于，忙于(做)某事
[联想串记]
相关词语积累：
employ vt.应用，运用，使用；雇用
employee n．[C]受雇者，雇工，雇员
employer n．[C]雇用者，雇主，老板
employment n．[U，C]工作，职业，受雇；[U]就业；雇用
full-time/part-time employment全职/兼职工作
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①His mother is employed ____ an accountant (会计) in an international company.
②The college actually employed her ________ (take) over the DNA project.
③My friend Chris has been employed ______ writing a new book these days.
④____________ rate has increased recently. The reason is that a lot of companies want to ________ enough workers. Also, ________ offer higher pay to the qualified ________ (employ).
as
to take
in
Employment
employ
employers
employees
2.seek solutions to 寻求……的解决方法(to是介词)
The company is still seeking solutions to its current problems.公司仍在寻求解决目前问题的办法。
We haven't found the solution yet, but I'm sure we're on the right track.
我们还没有找到解决办法，但我肯定我们的思路是对的。
the solution to... ……的解决办法(to是介词)
look for a solution 寻找解决办法
find/come up with a solution 找到/想出解决办法
provide/offer a solution 提供解决办法
[联想拓展]
短语中的to是介词，类似的结构有：
an approach to 一种……的方法
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to success 成功的关键
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①I have tried very hard to find a solution _____ the problem, but in vain.
②They have begun to look seriously into the reasons and seek ________ (solve) to the problem.
③Increasing employment is one of the solutions to ________ (reduce) crimes.
完成句子
④All you had to do was think a little harder and ___________________ (想出一个新的解决办法).
to
solutions
reducing
come up with a new solution
3.take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
The artist took inspiration from African art.
这位艺术家从非洲艺术中获得灵感。
The writer can't complete the work because he lacks inspiration.该作家无法完成这部作品，因为他缺乏灵感。
Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature.许多诗人和艺术家都从大自然中得到灵感。
draw/get inspiration from 从……中得到灵感
provide inspiration for 为……提供灵感
look for/seek inspiration 寻找灵感
need/lack inspiration 需要/缺乏灵感
[归纳拓展]
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人去做某事
be inspired by 受……的鼓舞
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①Scientists take inspiration ______ nature to make their breakthrough.
②He drew much __________ (inspire) from art produced by children and by primitive cultures.
完成句子
③The sea has ___________________ (为……提供灵感) many of his paintings.
④I cannot finish the work today because I ____________ (缺乏灵感).
from
inspiration
provided inspiration for
lack inspiration
4.be supposed to do (按规定、习惯、安排等)应当，应该，须；一般认为，普遍认为
—Wasn't Jane supposed to be here by now
简现在不是应该已经到这儿了吗？
—Don't worry. She will be here in about twenty minutes.
别担心。她大约二十分钟后到。
You are not supposed to park your car in front of the gate of the hospital.
你不能把你的车停在医院门口。
[归纳拓展] 与suppose相关的其他搭配：
be supposed to have done (＝should have done)
本应该做而实际上未做
suppose sb./sth. (to be) 认为某人/某物(是)……
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①Youth is an especially important stage for us, where we are supposed ______ (try) everything meaningful because nothing is impossible.
②—Jack, look what you have done. You are supposed __________ (finish) your homework by now.
—Sorry, Miss Lee. I'll hurry up.
③Children are supposed __________ (allow) to voice their opinions, though their opinions may be different from their parents'.
to try
to have finished
to be allowed
5.be credited with 被认为……；认为……是……的功劳
The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.
发明工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。
He is credited with originating a new printing process.
人们发现他发明了一种新的印刷方法。
be credited to sb./sth. 归功于某人/某事；某人/某事是……发生的原因
[即学活用] 完成句子
①他被认为是发明第一架真正的直升机的人。
He _____________ inventing the first true helicopter.
②公司的成功归功于她。
She ____________ making the business a success.
③Much of Manchester United's success can ___________ (归功于) their manager.
is credited with
is credited with
be credited to
识记下列单词和短语
①wisdom n. 智慧
wise adj. 明智的
②sow (sowed—sowed/sown) v．播种
sow the seeds of 播下……的种子
③in miniature 小规模的，小型的
④vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化
⑤succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事
⑥crash into 撞到……
⑦come about 发生，产生
⑧lead sb. to do sth. 导致/促使/引领某人做某事
⑨avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
⑩bullet-proof clothing 防弹衣
第二版块|重点句型
(教材P53)Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.
没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
[句式解构] 本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，否定词nowhere与比较级better连用，表示最高级含义。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(1)基本结构：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级(＋than)。
(2)常用的否定词：no, not, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly等。
(3)意义：再没有更……的了，再……不过了。
Nothing is more precious than health.
健康是最宝贵的。
I have never seen a more energetic man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
I couldn't agree more.
我完全同意/再同意不过了。
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①No one could be ___________ (generous); he has a heart of gold.
②Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ________ (good) boss.
③Nothing is ____________ (pleasant) than staying home listening to music.
④The weather couldn't be ________ (bad), so we will not go out.
⑤I suddenly realised nobody was ________ (happy) than I was.
more generous
better
more pleasant
worse
happier
语法导入——非谓语作主语，表语和宾语
语法新知·对接课堂
1.语法现象感知
①To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.
②Learning about a language is easier than using it.
③It is no use crying over spilt milk.
④It is rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.
⑤I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.
⑥His wish is to become a teacher.
⑦His job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
⑧They didn't mind being treated like guests.
2．语法规则理解
(1)根据①⑤⑥句可知，不定式在句中分别作________，________和________。
(2)根据②⑦⑧句可知，动词的-ing形式在句中分别作________，________和________。
(3)根据③④句可知， it在句中作________。
主语
宾语
表语
主语
表语
宾语
形式主语
语法探究·核心突破
非谓语作主语、表语和宾语
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。非谓语动词除了不能作句子的谓语外，可以承担句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1．非谓语动词的形式
形式 时态 主动式 被动式
不定式 一般时 to do to be done
完成时 to have done to have been done
进行时 to be doing /
动词-ing形式 一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
动词-ed形式 一般时 / done
2.非谓语动词的句法功能
句法功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
3.非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语的用法
(1)非谓语动词作主语
①不定式作主语
一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语不定式结构放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。
[1]To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.
上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。
[2]No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better to remain silent.
不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。
②动词-ing形式作主语
常表示抽象的、泛指的概念；也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词结构放在句末。常用于固定句型：
It's a waste of time doing...；
It's no use/good doing...；
It is useless doing...；
[3]Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。
[4]It is no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
(2)非谓语动词作表语
①不定式作表语
常用来表示将要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
[1]His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
[2]My job is to clean the rooms every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
②动词-ing形式作表语
多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为。
[3]Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
③过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受，这时过去分词可以看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated, surprised, astonished, amazed, moved, exhausted, worried, devoted, pleased, inspired, encouraged, excited, delighted, satisfied, scared, frightened, disappointed等。
[4]This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failures.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们不应该气馁。
(3)非谓语动词作宾语
①动词不定式作宾语
有些动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。这些词有： hope, wish, expect, long, agree, promise, undertake, want, aim, plan, desire, arrange, manage, learn, decide, determine, attempt, pretend, choose, offer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare等。
[1]We hope to find something completely new that will change our understanding of the universe.
我们希望找到一些全新的东西，能改变我们对宇宙的理解的东西。
特别注意：动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词如except等，可以接不定式作宾语。
[2]Mary would not speak to him except to answer questions.
除了回答问题外，玛丽是不会和他讲话的。
②动名词作宾语
动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有：
admit承认 advise建议 allow允许
appreciate感激 avoid避免 consider考虑
delay推迟 deny否认 discuss讨论
dislike不喜欢 enjoy喜爱 escape逃脱；逃避
excuse原谅 fancy喜欢；想要 finish完成
forbid禁止 forgive原谅 give up放弃
imagine想象 keep保持 mind介意
miss错过 pardon原谅 permit允许
practise练习 prevent阻止 put off推迟
risk冒险 suggest建议 feel like想要
[3]He managed to escape suffering from the disease.
他设法避免了患上那种疾病。
[4]Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.
史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
[5]The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.
犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。
特别注意：下列动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
[6]Your car needs filling.你的车该充气了。
[7]This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得游览。
[8]The problem requires studying carefully.
这个问题需要仔细研究。
③动名词可以跟在介词后面作宾语。
[9]I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着您的下一次到来。
[10]They are against using so many animals in experiments.
他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。
[11]He apologised for interrupting us.
他为打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。
[12]Thank you for offering me so much help.
感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。
特别注意：有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语也可跟动名词作宾语，但意思上有差别。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They also had a small p________ in which they raised fish.
2．Seeds of these plants are ___________ (播种) in spring, and a few days later, they will sprout (发芽).
3．Generally speaking, the old are able to give us good advice due to their experience and ________ (智慧).
4．The local ________ (医生) were brought in to research into the cause of the flu epidemic.
pond
sown/sowed
wisdom
physicians
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Last Saturday, our monitor suggested ______ (go) to the old folks' home to help them.
2．Mary's ________ (be) absent from the party made all of us depressed.
3．Do you remember __________ (borrow) me a novel Please don't forget __________ (return) it to me next weekend, Bob.
4．—What makes you so upset
—________ (lose) three tickets to the pop music concert.
5．You didn't need ________ (tell) him the news; it just made him sad.
6．All of us agreed it is necessary ________ (collect) related material before we began to write a report.
going
being
borrowing
to return
Losing
to tell
to collect
7．In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library ____ (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping online: click, pay and wait for delivery.
8．I think it is no good ________ (have) another talk with him on the matter.
9．______ (she) not coming back made her parents worried.
10．People enjoy ________ (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour.
11．After he finished ________ (do) his maths homework, he went on ________ (write) his composition.
12．One of the most important things in life is ________ (have) a specific aim and then try hard towards it.
is
having
Her
working
doing
to write
to have
13．Lost in the mountains for three days, what the three visitors were able to do was ________ (expect) the help of helicopters.
14．The teacher's explanation of the problem was so ________ (confuse) that most of us couldn't understand.
15．As is known to all, travelling is __________ (interest), but we often feel ______ (tire) when we are back from the journey.
(to) expect
confusing
interesting
tired(共25张PPT)
Section D Writing——自然界启示类文章
Part Ⅰ 文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
The passage begins with ________ and ends with a principle.
a story
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
The Meaning of Struggle The story (叙述故事经过) A butterfly was ready to 1.______ and 2.________ to force its body through the little hole.
However, the man kindly 3.________ the hole in the pupa. But the butterfly then 4.______.
The principle(道理和感悟) In the same way, we need struggle to 5._________________. We must 6._________ some difficult things if we really wish to 7.___________________．
emerge
struggled
enlarged
died
grow strong and survive
go through
spread our wings and fly
Ⅲ.识记下列短语
1．emerge 浮现；出现，显露
emergency n．紧急情况
2．enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
3．go through 经历；仔细检查；穿过
4．grow strong 变得坚强
Part Ⅱ 写作指导
技法指导
1.如何写自然界启示类文章
观察自然界，感受其启示，获得灵感并写一篇启发性的作文，这类作文属于夹叙夹议文。写这类作文应该遵循下列步骤：
(1)选取一个与自然界相关的具有生活意义、富有哲理寓意的主题。比如：适应、生存、亲情、关爱、团结、毅力等。
(2)描述某一个自然现象，比如动植物的生活习性以及为了生存而形成的本能和意识等。
(3)阐述该自然现象给我们的生活启示，我们应如何在生活中应用它。常用的由描写自然现象过渡到阐述启示的表达有similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally等。
2．常用表达
(1)Nature can sometimes teach us a valuable lesson and give us inspiration...
(2)Much to my joy/astonishment/surprise/amazement/delight, I found...
(3)It's important to remember that...
(4)Inspired by the lifestyle of wildlife, I began to realize that...
(5)Observing them living in harmony, I couldn't help wondering whether...
(6)Catching sight of..., I stopped to watch..., feeling amazed at its/their...
(7)I was wandering along the path of the farmland when I．..
(8)The same is true of our human beings.
精品展示
假定你是李华，在学习了本单元后，你们班准备在周末举行一次主题为“Learning from nature”的班会，要求各位同学发言。请你为此准备一篇发言稿，内容包括：
时间背景 前夜，下了一场大雨，你在清晨早起锻炼。
事件 沿着山脚小路跑步时，你发现了一棵长在山坡的小树，它的根土被昨夜的大雨冲走了，露在外面。你想它不可能存活了。
结局 小树的根找到了新的土壤，健康成长。
启示 ……
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步：明确要求，确定人称和时态
本题要求写一篇向自然界学习的文章，文章以第一人称和第三人称为主；描述情景用一般过去时或过去进行时；写得到的启示时，要用一般现在时或一般将来时。
第二步：确定段落内容
第一段：描写清晨跑步时发现一棵小树的根土受到破坏的情景。注意，前夜下大雨是伏笔，要交代清楚。
第二段：表达当时自己对这棵受损的小树的生命的预测，从而与后文的结果形成对比。
第三段：描述后来这棵小树健康成长的样子。
第四段：表达这件事带来的生活启示。
第三步：提炼要点
1．___________ 碰巧做……
2．___________ 看到
3．___________ 冲走
4．___________________ 非常让某人吃惊的是
5．______________ 情不自禁做……
happen to do
catch sight of
wash away
much to one's amazement
can't help doing...
第四步：句式升级
1．我正在小路上跑步，发现一棵长在山坡上的小树。
(一般表达)I was jogging on the path and I happened to catch sight of a small tree growing on the slope of the hill.
(高级表达)
___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
2．我同情它，我认为它活不成了。
(一般表达)I had great pity on it and think it couldn't survive any longer.
(高级表达)_______________________________________________
I was jogging on the path when I happened to catch sight of a small tree growing on the slope of the hill.
I had great pity on it, thinking it couldn't survive any longer.
3．无论我们可能遭受什么困难，我们也应该有强大的生命力。
(一般表达)When we may suffer any hardship, we should also have powerful life force.
(高级表达)______________________________________________________
We should also have powerful life force whatever hardship we may suffer.
[连句成篇]
One morning, after a night's heavy rain, I went running around the hill near my home for exercise and fresh air.
I was jogging on the path when I happened to catch sight of a small tree growing on the slope of the hill. Its white roots were clearly exposed in the air because the covering earth had been washed away by the heavy night rain. I had great pity on it, thinking it couldn't survive any longer.
About half a month later, I deliberately took the same path to see that small tree. Much to my amazement, it was still alive, with its roots finding their own way into the new soil under the tree. Just at that time, I couldn't help admiring its strong energy and enthusiasm.
In the same way, we should also have powerful life force whatever hardship we may suffer.
单元复习 核心考点梳理
一、重点单词
1．convert v．使转变，使转换；(使)改变(观点、习惯等)
convert...to/into...把……转变为……
2．employ v．使用，运用；雇用；忙于做
employ sb. as...雇用某人当……
employ sb. to do sth.雇用某人做某事
be employed in (doing) sth.从事于/忙于做某事
3．bow v．鞠躬；俯(身)，欠(身) n．鞠躬；弓
bow before/to...向……鞠躬
bow to sth.向……让步，屈服于……
take/give a bow(表演结束后)鞠躬致谢，谢幕
4．withdraw v．退出；撤回；收回；提取(存款)→withdrawal n．退出；撤退；收回；提款
withdraw from退出……
5．convince v．使确信，使信服；说服，劝服→convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 convinced adj.确信的，信服的
convince sb. that...使某人相信……
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of/that...确信……
6．reject v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃；拒绝接受；不录用，不录取
reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议
7．attain v．得到，获得；达到(某水平、年龄、状况等)→attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的
8．evaluate v．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
evaluate sth. in terms of sth.根据……评价……
二、重点短语
1．stick with继续做，不放弃；坚持做；紧跟
stick to粘着；遵守，信守
stick by继续支持，对……忠诚；信守，遵守，贯彻(承诺、计划等)
be stuck with被……缠住
2．take...for granted认为……理所当然
take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
3．be designed to do sth.为……而设计，目的是……
be designed for...为……而设计
be designed as...被设计为……
4．an example of...……的例子(example前可加形容词)
a good/typical example of...……的范例
a classic/perfect example……的典型/绝佳例证
an example to……的榜样
give (sb.) an example给(某人)举例
5．be based on以……为根据/基础
base...on...把……建立在……基础上
on the basis of在……的基础上
6．respond to对……作出反应；回答，回复
respond with以……作出反应
respond by (ding)...通过……回应
in response to作为……的回应/答复
make a response作出回应/回答
7．seek solutions to寻求……的解决方法(to是介词)
the solution to...……的解决办法(to是介词)
look for a solution寻找解决办法
find/come up with a solution找到/想出解决办法
provide/offer a solution提供解决办法
8．take inspiration from...从……中获取灵感
draw/get inspiration from从……中得到灵感
provide inspiration for为……提供灵感
look for/seek inspiration寻找灵感
need/lack inspiration需要/缺乏灵感
9．come into being (＝come into existence)形成，产生
come into effect 生效，开始实施
come into view 进入视野
come into fashion 开始流行
come into use 开始使用
10．be credited with 被认为……；认为……是某人的功劳
be credited to sb./sth.把……归功于某人/某事；某人/某事是……发生的原因
11．in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报/报答；作为回应
in turn 依次，轮流；相应地，转而
12．draw...from...从……中得到/获取……
draw a conclusion from 从……中得出结论
draw upon/on 凭借，利用，动用
draw up 起草；(车辆)到达某处停下
draw back 后退；撤回
13．a reaction to 对……的反应
in reaction to 作为对……的反应
react with 与……起化学反应
react to 对……作出反应(to是介词)
react by 以……回应
react against 反对……，反抗……
14．resign oneself to (doing) sth.使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
resign from＋工作单位 从……辞职
resign as＋身份名词 辞去……职务
resign one's post/position 辞职
15．at ease with 不拘束，放松
feel at ease 感到放松/自在
put sb. at ease 使某人放松/自在
with ease 轻易地，毫不费劲地
三、重要句式
1．部分否定
And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.
除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。
2．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.
没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。(共38张PPT)
Section B Using language
要点精研·探究学习
课时达标·随堂自测
要点精研·探究学习
第一版块|重点词汇
1．contrast n．对比；对照；差异，差别 vt.对比，对照
By contrast, he is much cleverer.
相比之下，他要机灵得多。
In contrast to/with her elder sister, she is taller.
与姐姐相比，她个子更高。
in/by contrast (to/with)... (与……)相比之下
contrast... with... 使……与……形成对比
[联想拓展]
contrast ratio 对比度
contrast test 对比试验；对比测试
contrast color 色彩对比；对比色
[即学活用] 完成句子
①和我们的房子相比，这座新房子就是一座宫殿。
________________ our house, the new one is a palace.
②看看他们的新系统，相比之下我们的就显得太过时了。
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned __________．
In/By contrast to/with
by contrast
2.fade v．逐渐消失；(使)褪色；水准下降；衰退
As the years passed, the memories faded away.
岁月流逝，那些记忆都淡忘了。
He slide a control to fade out the music.
他滑动控制器，让音乐声渐渐减弱。
The sun had faded the curtains.太阳把窗帘晒褪了色。
fade away 逐渐消失；变弱
fade in (画面)渐入；(声音)渐强
fade out (画面)淡出；(声音)渐弱
[语境助记] They fear that passion for traditional Chinese holidays will slowly fade out.
他们担心对中国传统节日的热情会逐渐减弱。
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①The figures in the picture had begun to fade ______．
②Promise to never let him fade ______ of your life.
③You'll need to be able to project two images onto the screen as the new one fades _____ and the old image fades ____．
away
out
in
out
3.sweep v．吹过，掠过；清扫，打扫
Willow branches swept the river's surface.
柳枝拂掠过河面。
The town was swept away in the earthquake.
城镇在那次地震中被毁灭了。
Did you sweep out the closet？你把壁橱收拾干净了吗？
Jane is sweeping up the bits of paper and broken glass.
简在清扫纸屑和碎玻璃。
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除；完全打消
sweep out 打扫干净
sweep up 打扫，清扫
sweep through 席卷；轻易通过
sweep→swept→swept
sweep into the area 席卷了这个地区
[即学活用] 完成句子
①On Sunday morning after getting up, I helped my mother ________ (清扫) and wash clothes.
②First, we clean our house and __________ (扫除) bad luck, and then we paint doors and windows red.
③The keeper told him to __________ (清理干净) the monkey cage.
单句语法填空
④The owner of the shop ___________ (sweep) his floor when I walked in.
sweep up
sweep away
sweep out
was sweeping
识记下列单词和短语
[1]entry n. 记录，条目，参赛作品
[2]pile vt. 堆放
[3]wear v. 呈现，显出
wear a beautiful appearance 呈现出美丽的外貌
[4]bloom v. 开花
[5]reap v. 收割(庄稼)
[6]nothing but 只有，只不过
[7]bleak wind 阴风
[8]the thick clusters of rich fruit 累累硕果
[9]gentle wind 微风
[10]vivid descriptions of nature 对大自然的生动描述
[11]add...to... 把……加进……
[12]be irrelevant to 与……不相干
[13]replace...with 用……替代……
[14]have a point 有道理
[15]a desire to do sth. 做某事的愿望
[16]be seen as 被看作
第二版块|重点句型
(教材P67)The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children...
他们这样做的原因是他们认为这些词与孩子无关……
[句式解构] The reason why...is that...
……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句)
The reason why I walked out was that I was bored.
我走出去的原因是我感到很无聊。
We don't know the reason why/for which she resigned.
我们不知道她辞职的原因。
I won't accept the reason that/which he explained for his behaviour.我不会接受他对他的行为所作的解释。
He was late. That's because he was caught in the storm.
他迟到了，那是因为他遇到暴风雨了。
He was caught in the storm. That's why he was late.
他遇到暴风雨了，那就是他为什么迟到了。
It/This/That is because＋原因 这/那是因为……
It/This/That is why＋结果 这/那就是为什么……
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
②The reason __________ grass is green was a mystery to the little boy.
③The reason ________ she gave for being late was ______ her car broke down on the way.
④The reason ___________ he didn't sign up for the course is ______ he had no interest in body building.
⑤From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
⑥I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
that
why/for which
that/which
that
why/for which
that
because
why
语法导入——非谓语动词作定语、状语和宾语补足语
语法新知·对接课堂
1.语法现象感知
①I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
②He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
③The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend.
④A barking dog seldom bites.
⑤A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.
⑥Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
⑦Defeated, they withdrew into the valley.
⑧She smelt something burning.
⑨I found the city greatly changed.
2．语法规则理解
(1)根据①②③句可知，不定式在句中分别作_________、________和________。
(2)根据④⑤句可知，句中的现在分词和过去分词在句中作________。
(3)根据⑥⑦可知，现在分词和过去分词在句中作________。
(4)根据⑧⑨句可知，现在分词和过去分词在句中作_________。
宾语补足语
定语
状语
定语
状语
宾语补足语
语法探究·核心突破
一、不定式
1．不定式作定语
位于被修饰的名词(短语)之后，说明被修饰词的特征。
Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices
你们能否想出一个应对日益上涨的物价的好办法？
A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave.
克莱尔的一封来信给了她一个离开的借口。
2．不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补语时相当于名词，跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened.
我希望在我身上会发生些什么变化，可是什么都没发生。
I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing.
他的情况我一无所知，我也请求您别告诉我。
微点拨
在一些使役动词（如make， let， have等）和感官动词（如see， watch， observe， notice， hear， feel， look at， listen to等）之后，作宾语补足语的不定式需省略to。,She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more.,她放开他的胳膊，没再说什么。
3.不定式作状语
不定式(短语)用作状语主要表示目的、结果和原因，也可以表示条件、方式或比较。
We use electrical energy to do many things.
我们用电能做许多事情。(目的)
After the war they parted company, never to see each other again.
战后他们分开了，从此再也没见过面。(结果)
She wept to hear the news.
她听到这个消息哭了。(原因)
To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.如果你听他讲话，你会以为整个世界都是他的。(条件)
To do his best, he could not finish his task in time.
即使他竭尽全力，仍然不能按时完成任务。(让步)
二、现在分词
1．现在分词作定语
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
微点拨 单个现在分词作定语常放在所修饰的词的前面，现在分词短语作定语往往放在所修饰的词的后面。
2.现在分词作宾语补足语
以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁房间唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
他让小汽车在门口等着。
3．现在分词作状语
Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。(时间)
Being a league member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。(原因)
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
他待在家里，又擦又洗。(伴随)
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。(条件)
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子弄掉了，结果摔得粉碎。(结果)
三、过去分词
1．过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有两种情况，如果是单个的过去分词，就放在所修饰的词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，则放在所修饰的词的后面。
The excited children are opening their presents.
兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的礼物。
Some of the people invited to the party can't come.
有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。
2．过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，一般是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的被动关系。而从时间角度考虑，过去分词通常表示动作已经完成。
I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity.
我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。
We want the work finished by Saturday.
我们想要那项工作在周六前完成。
We found the house deserted.
我们发现这所房子已废弃了。
(微点拨) 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：
（1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如see， watch， observe， look at， hear， listen to， feel， notice， think等。
（2）表示愿望、想法的动词，如want，should like，would like， prefer等。
（3）表示“致使”意义的使役动词，如have， make， get， keep， leave等。
3.过去分词作状语
Asked what had happened, he kept silent.
当被问及发生了什么事情的时候，他沉默了。(时间)
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！(原因)
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。(条件)
Followed by the old man, we went upstairs.
我们上了楼，后面跟着那个老人。(方式)
Left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在家里，他一点都不害怕。(让步)
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Then we started to clean the windows, s________ the floor and wash clothes.
2．For the farmers in my hometown, they usually r________ wheat in June every year.
3．The cherry blossoms that we planted during the conference ________ (开花) this April.
4．He had enormous ________ (魅力) and a great sense of humour.
5．As evening came, the coastline ________ (逐渐消失) into darkness.
6．A few newspapers and magazines were ________ (堆) on a table.
7．I answered the phone and a ________ (温和的) voice introduced herself as Linda.
sweep
reap
bloomed
charm
faded
piled
gentle
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In the afternoon, you will be free to explore this ________ (charm) city on your own.
2．The spring breezes ________ (gentle) brush her cheeks and everything is clothed in green.
3．The reason ________ she gave for being absent from class was ________ the heavy snow prevented her coming.
4．Finally, he left the village ________ which he had lived for 20 years.
5．The reason ________ he was absent from his best friend's birthday party was ________ he had to look after his sick mother.
charming
gently
that/which
that
in
why
that
Ⅲ.短语填空
nothing but, be seen as, have a point, fade away
1．The novel ________ one of the best classic works of literature.
2．I know you __________ there, but different people have different tastes.
3．Wherever they looked, they saw __________ ruins after the terrible earthquake.
4．As the years passed, the shadow that the terrible flood had cast on him __________. Everything returned to normal.
is seen as
have a point
nothing but
faded away
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．________ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
2．As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself ________ (understand).
3．With a stranger ________ (follow) her, the girl felt much frightened.
4．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ (carry) out the next year.
5．Helen had to shout ________ (make) herself heard above the sound of the music.
6．The flat consists of a ________ (live) room, a bathroom and two bedrooms.
Attracted
understood
following
carried
to make
living
7．Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you won't have time ________ (get) changed before the party.
8．The goods ________ (buy) from the Internet are cheaper than those we buy in shops.
9．________ (take) three times a day, the medicine will work better.
10．He left home early only ________ (find) he was late as he went a wrong way.
11．I could feel the wind ________ (blow) on my face from an open window.
12．I was taught ________ (keep) quiet in class unless asked a question.
to get
bought
Taken
to find
blowing
to keep
13．________ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
14．The baby watched his dad ________ (shave) his face with great interest.
15．Though ________ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
Dressed
shaving
lacking(共22张PPT)
Section D Writing——如何描写自然景色
Part Ⅰ 文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Look through the three poems, and you'll see that they're all about ________．
2．The first poem has only ________ words, but it is divided into ________ paragraphs. The poet divided these words into vertical rows, forming the visual image of “a falling leaf” to convey the feelings of “being lonely like a falling leaf”. At first glance, this is not a poem, but a play on words.
3．________ is a typical feature in the second and third poems. Rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds (or the same sound) in two or more words. Children's poems, also known as “nursery rhymes，” usually have strong rhymes and are easy to remember.
nature
four
five
Rhyme
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
Poem A Shape: Connecting the letters leads to 1.______________ and __________； its shape looks just like a 2.________ leaf.
Poem B ·Rhyming words: 3.__________________
·Simile: 4._____ a diamond in the sky
Poem C ·Rhyming words: sun-bonnet; gown; wind; 5.________； 6.________； 7.________； dead yellow 8.__________； greenest 9.________；
·Metaphor&Personification: 10.________ up and down; shook 11.________________； 12.______________ her neighbour
A Leaf Falls
Loneliness
falling
star; are; high; sky
like
down
sunlight
head
sun bonnet
gown
curtsied
her yellow head
whispered to
Ⅲ.识记下列短语
1．twinkle vi.闪烁；闪闪发光
2．diamond n．钻石
3．gown n．女裙；女礼服
4．turn to 转向
5．up and down 上上下下，来来回回
6．whisper to 向……低语
7．rhyme n．押韵
8．typical feature 典型特征
9．repetition n．重复
10．nursery rhyme 童谣
11．other than 除了；不同于
12．variable adj.多变的；可变的
Part Ⅱ 写作指导
技法指导
如何描写自然景色
自然景色描写是写作中的一个常见类别。描写自然景色的作文通常能给人带来一种身临其境的美好感觉，将山川河流、花鸟虫鱼、风花雪月栩栩如生地展现在读者面前。
写作方法
1.确定描写顺序
描写景物时，一般可按照以下三种顺序来构思：
(1)按方位顺序写。如由远及近，由外到内，由上往下，由前到后等。
(2)按整体和局部的关系写。一般是先写全景，再描述局部，最后再次总结全景。
(3)按时间顺序写。如可以按照春、夏、秋、冬的不同变化来写，也可以介绍景物形成的过程。
2．使用修辞手法
写作时要适当地运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法来突出景物的特点与特征，要细致捕捉描写对象的颜色、形态、气味等，把景物描写得更加生动形象。
3．情景交融，借景抒情
在写景的同时，要融入自己的真实情感，让读者在文章中不但能“看”到美好的景物，还能感受到作者想表达的情感和思想，让读者产生情感共鸣。
4．动静结合
自然界的景物有静有动，在绘景时如能动静结合，文章效果就更佳，感染力就更强。因此，在描写景物时，可以适当地选择人和动物的活动作为衬托，这样文章会变得更有可读性。
精品展示
根据以下要点，以A Spring Morning为题，写一篇描写景色的短文。
要求：1.春天早上日出时的美景；
2．鸟儿在歌唱，男孩在跑步，女孩在读书。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________
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审题谋篇
第一步：确定体裁、人称和时态
本文为景物描写，人称以第三人称为主，时态以一般过去时为主。
第二步：确定段落内容
第一段：描绘春天早上日出时的美景；
第二段：树林中的鸟儿飞舞鸣唱，男生晨练，女生朗读；
第三段：春天早晨的美好风光，令人无限遐想。
第三步：提炼要点
1．____________________ 从地平线上升起
2．________________ 突出
3．________________ 在蓝天衬托下
4．________________ 被……覆盖
5．________________ 飞来飞去
rise above the eastern horizon
stand out
against the blue sky
be covered with
fly around
第四步：句式升级
1．一阵微风吹来，湖面起了波纹，带来了花香。
(一般表达)A gentle breeze came, and it wrinkled the surface of the lake and brought the scent of flowers.
(高级表达) _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2．地上长满了嫩绿的草，雨滴在阳光下闪闪发光。
(一般表达)The ground was covered with tender grass. Some dew drops on its blades were shining in the sunshine.
(高级表达)_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
A gentle breeze came, wrinkling the surface of the lake and bringing the scent of flowers.
The ground was covered with tender grass, on whose blades some dew drops were shining in the sunshine.
[连句成篇]
A Spring Morning
It was early in the morning. The sun was just rising above the eastern horizon and shining on the lakes and mountains. The white clouds stood out against the blue sky. A gentle breeze came, wrinkling the surface of the lake and bringing the scent of flowers. Trees were waving their branches gently. The ground was covered with tender grass, on whose blades some dew drops were shining in the sunshine.
Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully. Some boys were jogging along the path, while a couple of girls were reading aloud under the trees lining the bank of the lake.
It was really a beautiful and lively spring morning.
单元复习 核心考点梳理
一、重点单词
1．insist v．坚称，坚决认为；坚持，坚持要求
insist on/upon doing sth.坚持做某事
2．dispose v．排列，布置，安排；使倾向于，使有意于
dispose of 丢弃，处理；解决，应付
be disposed to/towards sth.倾向于/有意于某物/事
be disposed to do sth.倾向/有意做某事
3．bend v．变弯曲；(使)弯腰 n．拐弯，弯道
bend one's mind to sth.集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事
4．enhance v．改进；增强
enhance one's reputation 提高某人的声誉
5．fade v．逐渐消失；褪色
fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
fade away (声音)逐渐消失；(记忆力)逐渐衰退
fade in (声音)渐强；(画面)渐渐显现
6．sweep v．吹过，掠过；清扫，打扫
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除；完全打消
sweep out 打扫干净
sweep up 打扫，清扫
7．ban v．禁止；取缔 n．禁令
ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
a ban on...关于……的禁令
impose/lift a ban 颁布/取消禁令
8．puzzle v．使困惑，使迷惑→puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
9．tremble v．颤抖，发抖；(轻微)摇晃，震颤
tremble with fear/anger 吓得发抖/气得哆嗦
10．alert v．提醒，使(某人)意识到
alert sb. to sth.使某人注意到某事物
alert sb. to the dangers/risks of sth.
使某人意识到某事物的危险
11．dozen number一打；许多
a/two/three dozen一打/两打/三打
dozens of people 好几十人
12．launch n．推出，发起 v．发动，发起
launch a campaign 开始进行一场运动
launch an attack/invasion 发起攻击/发动侵略
13．target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
set a target 制定目标
14．reputation n．名誉，名望
have a reputation for 以……著称
二、重点短语
1．at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险
at risk 处境危险，遭受危险
take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
at one's own risk 自担风险，责任自负
increase/reduce the risk of (doing) sth.
增加/降低(做)某事的风险
2．come round/around 有规律地出现，到来；顺便拜访；恢复知觉，恢复健康；冷静下来
3．break out 爆发，突然发生
break up 解散；破碎；结束
break through 突破；冲破
break in 强行进入；插话
break down 出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉
break into 强行进入(某处)；突然开始(笑、唱等)
4．add...to...往……加入……，把……加到……上
add to 增加，增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 总共是，合计为
add that...补充说……
5．have a point 有道理
to the point 简明恰当，简洁中肯
off the point 离题，不中肯
There is no point in doing sth.
做某事没有用/没有意义。
be on the point of doing sth. (when...)
正要做某事(这时……)
6．cause harm to 对……造成损害
do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth. harm
对某人/某物有害
7．urge sb. to do sth.力劝某人做某事
urge that...(should) do...
极力主张……；强烈要求……
have an urge to do sth.有想做某事的冲动
8．stand by 袖手旁观；支持
stand for 代表；主张
stand out 显眼，突出
stand up 站立，站起
stand against 倚/靠……站着；反对
三、重点句型
1．as if从句用虚拟语气
I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
对于这场雪，我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗户看着外面奇妙的世界，兴奋地说个不停，就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
2．by the time引导时间状语从句
...by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
……等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
3．the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why they are doing this is that they think these words are irrelevant to children.
他们这样做的原因是他们认为这些词与孩子无关。
