(共30张PPT)
Section B Using language
要点精研·探究学习
课时达标·随堂自测
要点精研·探究学习
第一版块|重点词汇
1．minority n．少数派；少数；少数民族
Only a minority of students is/are interested in politics.
只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
Women are in the minority in the top ranks of government.
在政府的高级职位中，女性占少数。
[归纳探究]
(1)a minority of 少数的……
be in a/the minority 占少数
(2)minor adj. 较小的，次要的
major adj. 大的，重要的
in a/the majority 占大多数
the majority of 大多数
[联想拓展]
national minority 少数民族
minority group 少数群体，少数群
minority language 少数民族语言；少数人的语言；小语种
minority shareholder 小股东；少数股东
minority leader 少数党领袖
[即学活用] 完成句子
①Most of the people turned their back to him. Only ________________ (少数人) gave him a hand.
②An agreement seems to be impossible because _____________ (大多数) the committee members are against it.
③In the nursing profession, women ___________________ (占大多数).
单句语法填空
④To our disappointment, only a minority of people ________ (be) in support of our plan.
a minority of people
the majority of
are in a/the majority
is/are
2.cast v．选派(角色)；投，抛，扔
Steven Spielberg cast her as the young Wendy in Hook.
史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格选她扮演影片《铁钩船长》中年轻的温迪一角。
Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.
最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。
Her father's illness cast a shadow over the birth of her baby.
她父亲的病给她孩子的出生蒙上了一层阴影。
[归纳探究]
cast sb. as sth. 选某人扮演某个角色
cast light on sth. 使了解某事；阐明某事
cast doubt on sth. 使怀疑某事
cast a shadow/cloud over sth. 给某事蒙上阴影
[联想拓展]
cast out驱逐；逐出
nodular cast iron球墨铸铁
cast by放弃；排除
cast away丢掉，浪费；使失事
cast aside抛弃；废除
cast on急忙披上(衣服等)
cast down使沮丧；使下降；推翻
[即学活用] 完成句子
①He has ________________ (选定她扮演一名律师) in his latest movie.
②He ___________ (被选扮演) a college professor.
③The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has ____________ (使人们了解) why they became extinct.
④This latest evidence has _____________ (使人们怀疑) his version of events.
cast her as a lawyer
was cast as
cast light on
cast doubt on
3.rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的，有益的
While these six steps are simple, they are very rewarding.
虽然这六步很简单，但是却非常值得做。
Finishing a long run is a very rewarding experience.
完成一次长跑是一项非常有益的体验。
[归纳探究]
reward v. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
n. 奖励；回报；报酬
reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖励某人
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而奖励某人
a reward for... 对……的回报/奖赏
[联想拓展] as a reward for作为……的报酬；作为……的回报
reward system奖赏系统；奖励系统
reward with奖赏
offer a reward悬赏
monetary reward金钱奖赏；赏金
financial reward物质奖酬，奖金
in reward for作为报答；作为……的报酬
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①The work is difficult, but it's also very _________ (reward) when people do well and get cured.
②There's nothing _____________ (rewarding) than putting smiles on the faces around you.
③The company rewarded him ________ a journey to China last year.
④He gave the children some chocolate to reward them ________ behaving well.
rewarding
more rewarding
with
for
4.in particular尤其，特别
I remember one of them in particular.
我尤其记得他们中的一个人。
Are you doing anything in particular tonight
你今晚有什么特别的事要做吗？
She is very particular about her clothes.
她对衣着特别挑剔。
[归纳探究]
(1)in particular相当于particularly，但两者位置不同：in particular要放在被修饰词之后，而particularly要放在被修饰词之前。
(2)be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
[联想拓展]
in particular order以特别的顺序
in particular with特别是；特别是与；特别是在
in particular settings在特定的设置；在特定的环境中
[即学活用] 单句语法填空
①She is very particular ________ the quality of the produce.
②One agent recommended a house ________ particular.
③We are hoping to expand our business, __________ (particular) in Europe.
about
in
particularly
识记下列短语
①be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
②settle down 定居，平静下来
③merge into (使)汇合；(使)并入
④make a joint effort 共同努力
⑤have an effect on... 对……有影响
⑥no wonder 难怪
⑦enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
⑧culture shock 文化冲击
⑨mutual benefits 互惠
⑩form close connections with...
与……形成紧密联系
语法导入——it用作形式主语
1．语法现象感知
①But it is vital not to take any chances.
②When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
③It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries.
④It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with.
⑤In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
2．语法规则理解
以上例句中的it用作形式________，指代后面的__________。
主语
不定式短语
【语法探究·核心突破】
it用作形式主语
英语中it可用于代替上文中提到的那一个事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人(尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人)。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。本单元主要学习it用作形式主语的用法。
1．用作形式主语替代不定式。
①It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.
【微点拨】 句型中的形容词表示对逻辑主语的评价时，不定式前用of sb.，常见的形容词有brave， careless， foolish， honest， kind， modest， rude， silly， stupid， wise， wrong等；若形容词表示重要性，紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况时，则不定式前用for sb.，常见的形容词有important， necessary， easy， hard， natural， impossible等。
②It＋is/was＋one's turn/duty/pleasure(a pity, great fun, a habit, time, a rule, a shame, no wonder)＋to do sth.
③It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事。
④It costs sb. some money to do sth.
某人花费多少钱去做某事。
⑤It's up to sb. to do sth.应由某人(负责)做某事。
It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真好。
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.
按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。
It is your turn to read the text.轮到你读课文了。
It takes me an hour to walk there and back.
我步行一个来回用一小时。
It is up to you to make the plan.
应该由你制订这个计划。
2．用作形式主语替代动词-ing形式。
有些句型中it用作形式主语，真正主语为动词-ing形式：
①It's useless/(of) no use/(of) no good...
做……是徒然的/没有用的/没有益处的。
②It is a waste of...doing sth.
做某事是浪费……的。
It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it用作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without...为真正的主语)
It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.
试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。
3．用作形式主语替代主语从句。
①It be＋adj.＋that...(常用于此句型的形容词有：certain，doubtful，important，necessary，easy，strange，national等)
②It be＋过去分词＋that...据……(常用于此句型的过去分词有：said，announced，believed，reported，known，hoped等)
③It be＋n.＋that...做……是……的。(常用于此句型的名词有：pity，honour，shame，wonder等)④It happens/turns out/occurs to sb. that...
碰巧/结果是/某人突然想起……
It is necessary that the work should be done well.
这项工作应该被很好地完成，这一点是必要的。
It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.
真是遗憾我没有早一点这么想。
It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
It turns out that the situation is quite serious.
结果表明情况很严峻。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility ________ is to educate us.
2．I know ________ is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
3．It ________ (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
4．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
5．________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
it
it
is known
that
It
Ⅱ.句型转换(用it作形式主语)
1．We all knew that they had broken their promise.
→______________ they had broken their promise.
2．People say that the weather in the north is quite different from that in the south.
→______________ the weather in the north is quite different from that in the south.
3．She is reported to have won several gold medals in the Olympic Games.
→_______________ she has won several gold medals in the Olympic Games.
It is known that
It is said that
It is reported that
4．To get to my school from my home by bike takes me half an hour.
→____________________ to get to my school from my home by bike.
5．Don't you think trying to get Betty to change her mind is a waste of time
→Don't you think ________________ trying to get Betty to change her mind
It takes me half an hour
it is a waste of time(共10张PPT)
Section D Writing——如何写演讲稿
【技法指导】
如何写演讲稿，对一个人进行描述介绍
1．篇章结构
(1)交代本文即将描述的人是谁；
(2)介绍这个人的相关信息，包括年龄、出生地、性格、爱好、外貌、工作、事业及成就等；
(3)对这个人进行评价并总结全文。
2．常用表达
(1)个人信息
XXX, the son of a．.. family, was born in... on...
XXX，..., is a beautiful girl/handsome boy.
XXX, born in...in..., is one of the greatest... in China.
(2)外貌、性格
Build: tall/slim/short/strong/medium height...metres tall/in height and... kilogrammes in weight
Appearance: pretty/handsome/good-looking
Face：narrow/oval (椭圆形的)/square/long face
Character：a charming/mature/graceful/kind lady; a(n) knowledgeable/imaginative/reliable man
My history teacher is a beautiful woman with two big eyes and long hair.
我的历史老师是位漂亮的女士，她有着两只大眼睛，留着长发。
(3)兴趣爱好
be fond of/be keen on/take delight in, enjoy cartoons/reading novels, be interested in photography
(4)教育背景
go abroad for further study, be admitted to a famous university, receive/get/obtain a bachelor's/master's/doctor's degree, graduate from XX Middle School, graduate from... department (院系) of... university, when at college, he majored in...
(5)贡献、成就
devote oneself to, have a gift/talent for, make great contributions to, speak/think highly of, one of the best/most important..., set a(n) ... example to, be honoured as..., win the... prize, a model teacher/worker, fight for/give up one's life for sb./sth., win a prize/the first prize in... competition，receive/obtain/win the Nobel Prize in..., make rapid progress in..., set a new world record of..., equal/break the world record
【精品展示】
假定你校将在“五四”青年节举办以“My favourite friend”为主题的英文演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．林洋，获得“最合格学生”称号；
2．勤奋，爱好多样，乐于助人；
3．实至名归。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——演讲稿
主题：我最喜爱的朋友
(2)二定：确定时态和人称(与体裁和主题息息相关)
时态：一般现在时或一般过去时
人称：以第一人称为主
(3)三明确
明确写作要点：开门见山，点明人物→获得称号的原因→总结评论，呼应主题
(4)四分段(与写作要点息息相关)
结合写作要点，整体分为三个段落，其中第二段作为文章的主体部分，详细叙述。
【遣词造句】
完成句子
1．我很荣幸向大家介绍我最好的一个朋友林洋。
________________ for me to introduce to you one of my best friends, Lin Yang.
2．他刚刚获得了“最合格学生”的称号。
He has just ___________ of “The Most Qualified Student”．
3．首先，他是我们学校最勤奋的学生之一，学习努力，举止得体。
First of all, he, who is among _____________________ in our school, studies hard and behaves well.
It is a great honour
won the title
the most diligent students
4．此外，他以爱好广泛而出类拔萃，包括绘画和拉小提琴。(stand out)
In addition, he _________ for his diverse hobbies, including painting and playing the violin.
5．最后，他热心而且乐于助人，这让他赢得了我们的尊重。(win one's respect)
Last but not least, he is warm-hearted and willing to help others, for which he has ______________．
6．这就是我最好的朋友。
_______ my best friend.
7．我认为他应该赢得“最合格学生”的称号。
In my view, he ___________ win the title of “The Most Qualified Student”．
stands out
won our respect
Such is
deserves to
句式升级
8．用not only...but also连接句3。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
9．把句6、7用定语从句合并。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
First of all, he, who is among the most diligent students in our school, not only studies hard, but also behaves well.
Such is my best friend, who, in my view, deserves to win the title of “The Most Qualified Student”．
【连句成篇】
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Hello everyone! It is a great honour for me to introduce to you one of my best friends, Lin Yang. He has just won the title of “The Most Qualified Student”．
First of all, he, who is among the most diligent students in our school, not only studies hard, but also behaves well. In addition, he stands out for his diverse hobbies, including painting and playing the violin. Last but not least, he is warm-hearted and willing to help others, for which he has won our respect.
Such is my best friend, who, in my view, deserves to win the title of “The Most Qualified Student”．(共13张PPT)
Unit 4 单元知识点整合
一、重点单词
1．boundary n. 分界线，边界
2．statistic n．统计数据
3．assist v．协助，帮助→assistant n．助手，助理→assistance n．帮助，援助
assist sb. with sth.帮助某人某事
4．tackle v．处理，对付(难题)
5．vital adj.极其重要的
be vital to/for对……非常重要
6．relieve v．给(某人)换班；使减轻→relief n．宽慰，轻松；解脱，减轻
relieve sb. of sth.减轻某人的负担
to one's relief使某人欣慰的是
7．specialist n．专家
special adj.特殊的
8．infectious adj.传染性的
infect v．传染
infection n．传染
disinfect v．为……消毒
9．devotion n．奉献→devote vt.献身，专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；热衷的
be devoted to doing sth.致力于做某事
devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于(做)某事
10．mankind n．人类
11．realistic adj.能够实现的
12．priority n．优先处理的事
give priority to优先考虑
13．compensate v．弥补，补偿
compensate for弥补
14．minority n．少数派
a minority of少数
be in a/the minority占少数
15．cast (cast, cast)v.选派(角色)；投，抛，扔
cast sb. as sth.选某人扮演某个角色
cast light on sth.使了解某事；阐明某事
cast doubt on sth.使怀疑某事
cast a shadow/cloud over sth.给某事蒙上阴影
16．reward v．奖励；奖赏；给以报酬n.奖励；回报；报酬→rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的，有益的
reward sb. with sth.用某物奖励某人
reward sb. for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而奖励某人
a reward for对……的回报/奖赏
17．divide v．分成→division n．分开；分裂；部门；除法
divide...into...把……分成……
divide...from...把……和……分开
divide sth. between/among...在……中分配某物
18．dedicate v．致力于，献身于
dedicate one's time/life/oneself to (doing) sth.把……奉献给
19．endure v．持续存在；忍耐，忍受
endure pain忍受痛苦
endure heat耐热
20．altogether adv.完全，全部；总计，总共；总而言之
all together一起，同时
21．influence v．影响n.影响→influential adj.有影响力的
influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事
have an influence on对……有影响
be influential in...在……方面有影响力
二、重点短语
1．regardless of 不管，不顾，不理会
regardless of/in spite of/despite＋n./pron./v.-ing
2．take chances (＝take a chance)
冒险，碰运气
by chance (＝by accident) 偶然，碰巧
the chance of doing sth. 做某事的可能性
Chances are that... 有可能……
3．put...at risk 使……处境危险，使……遭受威胁
at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
at one's own risk 自担风险，责任自负
at the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的危险
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
4．be/get caught up in 卷入……，陷入……
catch up with 赶上
5．step into one's shoes 接替某人的工作/职位
in one's shoes 处于某人的境地(尤指恶劣环境)
put oneself in one's shoes 设身处地
6．in particular＝particularly 尤其，特别
be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔
7．in memory of 为纪念……
have a good/bad memory (for)
(对……)记忆力好/差
from memory 凭记忆
8．at a great cost 付出巨大的代价
at all costs/cost 不惜任何代价
9．look to 展望，指望，注意
10．die for... 对……献出生命
die out 灭绝
11．bring forth v. 使产生，使出现
bring up 养育，抚养
bring in 引入；赚得
bring out 使显现，使表现出；公布；生产
12．be engaged in 从事；忙于
be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚
13．in a larger sense 从更大的意义上来说
in a/one sense 从某种意义上来说
in some sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 无论如何都不；决不
14．in vain 白白地；徒劳，无结果
in detail 详细地
in charge 主管，负责
in public 公开地
in place 在正确位置
in sight 在视力所及范围之内
15．be involved in 参加，参与
16．not to mention 更不用提
17．make a joint effort 共同努力
18．no wonder 难怪
19．enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
20．settle down 定居，平静下来
三、重点句式
1．hear＋宾语＋宾补
课本原句
①As she talked, I could _______________________________________ __________________．
她说话的时候，我能听到我们周围的桌子上至少在说三种不同的语言。
句式仿写
②You can hear the problem _____________ everywhere in the village.
你可以听见这个问题正在村子里到处被人们讨论。
hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us
being discussed
2．Sb. did everything/all/what sb. could/can to do sth.
课本原句
①We knew there was little hope for the brothers, but we ____________ __________________．
我们知道兄弟俩的希望渺茫，但我们还是尽我们所能去救他们。
句式仿写
②He ________________________ her out of trouble.
我尽其所能帮助她摆脱困境。
did everything we could to save them
did everything he could to help
3．It is up to sb. to do sth.
(1)由某人决定做某事。
(2)做某事是某人的义务/职责/责任。
课本原句
①Now __________________________ not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要消除黑人和白人之间的界限，逐步实现人类的平等，这都取决于活着的人。
句式仿写
②I'm sure _______________ if only he would give his mind to it.
我相信只要他用心做，就一定可以胜任这份工作。
it was up to the living to remove
he is up to the job
