(共51张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
要点精研·探究学习
课时达标·随堂自测
要点精研·探究学习
1 admission n．(机构，组织等的)准许，加入，承认，入场券
Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭证。
How do we gain admission to the Buckingham Palace
我们怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？
She admitted having read the letter without my permission.
她承认未经我的允许读了这封信。
You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.表演开始之后你将不能进入剧院。
admit v. 承认；允许……进入；接纳
admit (to) sth./doing sth./having done sth.
承认某事/做某事/做过某事
be admitted into/to 被接纳进入；被录取到
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tom applied for ________ (admit) to the graduate programme at Northwestern University but wasn't admitted ________ it at last.
②His son failed to gain ________ (admit) to the cinema because only one person is admitted ________ it by one ticket.
③He refused to admit ________________ (steal) the car.
admission
to/into
admission
to/into
stealing/having stolen
2 participation n．参加，参与 participate v. 参加，参与 participant n．参加者，参与者
We want more participation in the decision making.
我们想更多地参与决策。
You are expected to be an active participant.
你应该成为一名积极的参与者。
I'll have to participate in a sporting activity that day.
那天我必须去参加一项体育活动。
[用法比较] 不一样的“参加”
participate in/take part in the sports meeting/the Olympic Games
参加运动会/奥运会
join the Army/League/Party参军/入团/入党
attend the meeting/ceremony/wedding
出席会议/出席仪式/参加婚礼
attend school/class上学/上课
[一言助记] Encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated in the English speech contest. Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
在老师的鼓励下，参与者们积极参加了英语演讲比赛。他们的参与激励了班上其他同学努力学习。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Rocket launching is a complicated process which requires __________ (participate) of numerous staff members.
②During the last three decades, the number of people participating _____ physical fitness programs has increased sharply.
选词填空(participate in/take part in/join/attend)
③To his satisfaction, his son ________ the Army in the end.
④Though disabled, he often ________________________ some social activities in the community.
⑤He hurriedly left to ________ the meeting to be held in the meeting room.
participation
in
joined
participates in/takes part in
attend
3 make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意，下定决心
(教材原句)I can't make up my mind what the right thing to do is.我无法决定做什么是正确的。
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
一旦她下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。
That brings to mind a wonderful poem by Riokin.
那使我想起了里奥金的一首令人赞叹的诗。
Bear in mind that only by working hard can we achieve our ambitions.记住：我们只有努力工作才能实现我们的抱负。
make up one's mind to do sth. 决心做某事
change one's mind 改变主意
bear/keep... in mind＝bear/keep in mind that...
把……记在心上，记住……
[名师点津]
bring... to mind使想起……
keep one's mind on...
把注意力集中于……，专心于……
go out of one's mind/lose one's mind
精神失常；极为担心
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Although he was very stubborn, I made up my mind __________ (persuade) him.
②He is always keeping what his mother told him ________ mind.
③The painting brings ________ mind some of Picasso's early works.
to persuade
in
to
4 pass up放过，放弃，错过(机会)
(教材原句)I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.
我认为错过了这次不参加考试就被录取的机会是非常遗憾的。
Young people should never pass up the opportunity to go to university.年轻人永远不应该放弃上大学的机会。
The story is passed down from generation to generation in the village.这个故事在村里代代相传。
Pass the book on to me when you've finished reading it.
你看完那本书后请传给我。
pass away 去世(委婉说法)
pass by 经过
pass down 把……传给后人
pass... on to... 把……传给……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mary thought I had lost my mind to pass _______ such an opportunity.
②He has made up his mind to be independent ever since his father passed ________．
③That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it ________ to the people who work in the market.
完成句子
④从不放过任何一次快乐旅行的机会。
Never ________a chance to promote your product.
up
away
on
pass up
5 put off 推迟……，使……延期
(教材原句)Can you put off making a decision until you've spoken to your high school advisor
你能和你的高中指导老师谈过之后再做决定吗？
We put some money aside every month for our retirement.
我们每月都存一些钱供退休后使用。
How can you put up with such a person who is always changing his mind
你怎么能容忍这样一个老是改变主意的人呢？
put aside 不考虑；储存
put away 把……收拾起来
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put forward 提出，提议；将……提前
put on 穿上；上演
put out 扑灭，熄灭；出版
put up 举起；建造；张贴；提高；
留(某人)住在家中
put up with 容忍，忍受
[语境助记]
I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.
我不能再拖着不去看牙医了。
Never put off what should be done today till tomorrow.
今日事，今日毕。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I put off ________ (go) to the doctor but I wish I hadn't.
②You should teach your kids to put ________ some money every month.
③What you should do the here and now is to put ________ a sign to look for information for your lost pet dog.
④What impressed me most was that he put ________ his own business to help me.
⑤The match has been put ________ until tomorrow because of the bad weather.
going
aside
up
aside
off
6 weigh up 仔细考虑，权衡
(教材原句)Then we can weigh up the options and try to come to a decision.然后我们可以权衡一下选择，试着做出决定。
You have to weigh up in your mind whether to hire a detective.你得在心中权衡一下是否要雇一个私家侦探。
She doesn't want to pass up the chance to lose some weight.她不想错过减肥的机会。
He's put on/gained weight since he gave up smoking.
他戒烟后体重增加了。
weigh v. 重量是……；称……的重量；认真考虑，权衡
weight n. 重量；体重
by weight 按重量
put on/gain weight 体重增加，变胖
lose weight 体重减轻，变瘦
watch one's weight 控制体重
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①After weighing ________ all the possible choices, he made the final decision.
②Bananas are sold ________ weight.
③I am wondering why I put ________ weight so easily.
完成句子
④He __________ (权衡) his chances of escape, and decided to wait for a better moment.
up
by
on
weighed up
识记下列重要短语
①at dawn 在黎明时
②free of worries 无忧无虑
③after graduation 毕业之后
④have second thoughts 犹豫，产生怀疑
⑤reject... out of hand 坚决拒绝
⑥apply for 申请
动词的时态——现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去进行时、将来进行时
语法新知·衔接课堂
一、语法现象感知
①It has been six years since we last saw each other.
②You know, I have seen quite a lot of China and I have visited some beautiful cities.
③In 1996, I moved to Canada with my husband and I have been living there since then.
④She has been performing concerts every day since last month.
⑤Hopefully I will be living somewhere completely different in ten years.
⑥I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
⑦Before Tom volunteered to direct the traffic, he had had lots of jobs.
⑧We were having a class meeting from 7 to 9 last night.
二、语法规则理解
1．①②句用了________时态。
2．③④句用了____________时态。
3．⑤⑥句用了将来进行时态。
4．⑦句用了过去完成时态。
5．⑧句用了________时态。
现在完成
现在完成进行
过去进行
语法探究·核心突破
一、现在完成时
(一)概念及构成
现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态，它强调的是结果，而不是动作。
现在完成时的构成：have/has＋过去分词。
(二)用法
1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。可以表示最近完成的动作，也可以表示经历或经验。常与already, just, recently, so far, up to now, till now, ever, never等连用。
I have already finished all the work.
我已经完成了所有的工作。
Mr Smith has just left.
史密斯先生刚离开。
2．表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如for, since, these days, this year, now等。
We have been good friends since we were very young.
我们从小就是好朋友。
Mary went to Japan last year. And I have not heard from her ever since.
玛丽去年去了日本，从那以后我就再也没有收到过她的来信了。
3．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时。
Once you have promised, you should keep it.
你一旦许下诺言，就务必遵守。
As long as you have cleaned all the windows, you are allowed to play.
只要你把所有的窗户擦完，你就可以玩了。
(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别
现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。连用的时间状语与现在的时间有关，不与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在的情况没有关系。与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in the past, ago等。
I lived in London for two years.
我在伦敦住过两年。(现在不在伦敦)
I have lived in London for two years.
我在伦敦已住了两年了。(现在还在伦敦)
二、现在完成进行时
(一)概念及构成
现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；由于它又有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感彩。
现在完成进行时的构成：have/has＋been＋现在分词。
(二)用法
1．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作是否继续下去，则由上下文决定。它常与表示和现在有关的一段时间的状语连用，如all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning，these days，for＋时间段，since＋时间点等连用，还与疑问词how long连用。
I have been waiting for you here for an hour.
我已经在这儿等了你一个小时。
2．表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。
You have been saying that for five years.
这话你已经说了五年了。
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们经常见面。
(三)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1．现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续；现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。
I have been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在写)
I have written an article.
我已写好了一篇文章。(已完成)
2．现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带有感彩；现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果，无感彩。
Where have you been We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了？我们到处找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)
We have looked for him, but haven't found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到。(表示动作已结束，强调动作的结果)
3．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复；现在完成时则常常不带重复性。
(1)Have you been meeting her lately
你最近一直在见她吗？(有“经常见面”之意)
(2)Have you met her lately
你最近见过她吗？(则没有)
三、过去完成时
(一)概念及构成
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
过去完成时的构成：had＋过去分词。
(二)用法
1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by, before等介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。
He had learned English for a few years before he went to the United States.
在去美国之前，他已学习了几年英语。
2．表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公交车终于来了的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson well.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她找到了她丢的那把钥匙。
5．过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
四、过去进行时
(一)概念及构成
过去进行时表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
过去进行时的构成：was/were＋现在分词。
(二)用法
1．表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。
I was having a shower at that time.
那时我正在冲澡。
She was having an English class from 7 to 8 last night.
昨天晚上7点到8点她正在上英语课。
2．某些非延续性动词，如go, come, start, leave, return等用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
She wanted to know when we were starting this task.
她想知道我们什么时候开始这项任务。
3．在语境中的运用。
I waved to her but she wasn't looking.
我向她挥手但她没往这边瞧。
She didn't hear the doorbell. She was listening to the radio.
她没听见门铃响，她在听收音机。
与always, forever, frequently等副词连用，可表示某种感彩。
She was forever complaining.
她老是抱怨。(厌烦)
She was always thinking of others.
她老是想着别人。(赞扬)
五、将来进行时
(一)概念及构成
将来进行时表示将来某一时间段正在进行的动作、预料要发生的或即将发生的动作。
将来进行时的构成：shall/will＋be＋现在分词。(shall用于第一人称单、复数I和we; will可用于各人称。美式英语中所有的人称都用will。)
(二)用法
1．表示将来某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作：
At this time tomorrow we will be driving on the way home.
明天这个时候我们将正在回家的路上。
What will you be doing at eight o'clock this evening
今天晚上8点你将在干什么？
At this time tomorrow I shall be flying to London.
明天这个时候我将在飞往伦敦的途中。
2．表示预料中要发生的动作。
Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute!
快！客人随时会来！
3．表示按计划安排要发生的动作，此时不带感彩，有时表示委婉的语气。
I will be seeing you next week.
我下个星期来看你。
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.短语填空
at dawn, due to, participate in, make up one's mind, weigh up, free admission, put off, out of hand, apply for, pass up, have no second thoughts, be suitable for
1．They set off ________ and ultimately arrived at the final destination.
2．Once he ________________ ，nothing can make him have second thoughts.
3．Having already _________ many precious opportunities, he made up his mind to grasp this one.
4．The brave soldier __________________ as he took action to attack the enemy.
at dawn
makes up his mind
passed up
had no second thoughts
5．Since his boyhood, he has been taught never to ________ until tomorrow what he can do today.
6．The trainee was so stubborn that she just rejected my suggestion ____________．
7．They carefully ____________ the consequence of such an event and then took action.
8．The art museum will offer ______________ to all of you who are interested in the fascinating historical treasure spanning 500 years.
put off
out of hand
weighed up
free admissions
9．With her encouragement, he _________ a job with the company only to be rejected out of hand.
10．I hope my background and qualifications ____________ admission to Kingston University.
11．I think part of his downfall is _______ his unbridled ambition for power and money.
12．When I wanted to go backwards, he encouraged me to ____________ the competition.
applied for
are suitable for
due to
participate in
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．At 7 o'clock this evening we __________________ (celebrate) Tom's birthday.
2．Mr Yang is not at home. He _________ (go) to Shanghai on business.
3．When Jane arrived at the station, her whole family ____________ (wait) for her there.
4．By the end of yesterday, we __________ (receive) over 1，000 letters from all over the world.
5．Every means ____________ (try) to solve the problem, but none of them worked.
will be celebrating
has gone
were waiting
had received
had been tried
6．This is the most interesting party that I ____________ (enjoy)．
7．This time tomorrow you ____________ (sit) there doing some more exercise.
8．Lily _______________ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
9．It is the first time that he ________ (leave) his country.
10．No sooner ______ (have) he come into the room than it began to rain heavily.
have enjoyed
will be sitting
has been considering
has left
had(共19张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing——如何写申请信
Part Ⅰ 文体感知
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Skim the application letter and you'll find that you must present the________ of the writing, provide __________________ and express ________ while writing an application letter.
2．In the passage, the author wishes to apply for the position of a local ________.
purpose
personal information
expectation
tour guide
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
Formal greeting Dear Ms Smith
Purpose of the letter I wish to ①________ for the position of a local tour guide.
Personal interest I'm very ②________ with the history of my home city, and have a ③________ for history.
Qualifications required As stated in my attached CV, I can speak both English and French ④________．
Relevant past experience I organised and conducted a ⑤________ of my city for classmates living outside the area.
Ending：contact information I'm contactable via ⑥________ at this address or by phone on 6747 9818.
Formal signing off Josie Davis
apply
familiar
passion
fluently
tour
email
Ⅲ.知识点
1qualified adj.有资格的，合格的，胜任的
(教材原句)Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job.
把标题和部分匹配起来，弄清申请人有多适合这份工作。
What makes you think that you are qualified for this job
什么使你觉得自己能胜任这份工作？
The guide are qualified to lead groups into the mountains.
这些导游有资格带团进山。
be qualified for 有……的资格，能胜任……
be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事，能胜任做某事
[单词积累]
qualify v．使具有资格
qualification n．资格，资历
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I don't think he is qualified ________ such a kind of job.
②I'm not qualified ________ (give) advice on such matters.
③There is a growing need for ________ (qualify) teachers of Business English.
④Helen was occupied with her daily routine, so she had no time to apply for the exam ___________ (qualify)．
for
to give
qualified
qualification
2 fluency n．熟练，流利
For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English.
首先，我的英语口语流利。
with fluency 流利地
fluency in English 英语流利
become/be fluent in 在……方面流利
[单词积累]
fluent adj.流利的；流畅的
fluently adv.流利的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language ________ (fluent)．
②Admission is more likely to be given to those with greater ________ (fluent) in English.
fluently
fluency
Part Ⅱ Writing an application letter
1．文体介绍
求职信是英语书面表达中常用的一种应用文，其目的是应聘者向招聘者展示自己的才华、陈述自己的履历，最终争取被录用。求职信的格式同一般书信，也要包括称呼、正文、结尾语、签名等。
2．篇章结构
第一段：说明是从何处获知招聘信息，并提出申请；
第二段：写明自己的学历、能力及相关经验；
第三段：表明自己想得到这份工作的迫切愿望及信心。
3．常用表达
(1)开头常用的句型
I am writing in response to your advertisement in...of June 8.我写信是应聘6月8日您在……上发布的启事(中的职位)。
I am writing this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in...
我写信是申请您在……上发布的职位。
Your advertised position of...interests me.
您发布的……职位使我很感兴趣。
I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of...you have advertised in...
作为一名能够胜任您在……上发布的……一职的求职者，我写信自荐(应聘该职位)。
(2)自我介绍的常用句型
I'm XXX，a girl/boy aged...and I have just graduated from...
我是XXX，一名……岁的女生/男生，刚毕业于……
Besides, I once worked as a tour guide for a month and was highly praised for my good service and have rich experience.
此外，我曾做过一个月导游，因服务优良受到高度赞扬，而且我有丰富的经验。
Growing up in this city, I'm familiar with many beautiful places in Hangzhou.Thus, I'm convinced that I'm qualified for the job.
我在杭州长大，熟悉这座城市的许多美景。因此，我相信自己能胜任这份工作。
(3)结尾常用的句型
I would be grateful if you could consider employing me in your company/giving me a chance to work for you.
如您能考虑聘用我/给我入职机会，我将十分感激。
Please inform me when you have come to a decision.I am looking forward to receiving your reply as early as possible.
当您做出决定，烦请告知。期待早日收到您的回复。
I would be most grateful if you could grant me a personal interview.
如能获得面试机会，我将万分感激。
Any favourable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated.
如您对我的申请予以任何优先考虑，我将万分感激。
典题演练
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事情。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：Chinese Painting Exhibition中国画展览
谋篇布局
遣词造句
完成句子
1．我写信是想申请做中国画展览的志愿者。
I'm writing to ________________ for the Chinese Painting Exhibition.
2．中国画展览将在贵美术馆举办。
The Chinese Painting Exhibition ____________ in your art gallery.
3．我认为我可以胜任这份工作。
I think I ________________ this job.
apply to be a volunteer
will be held
am qualified for
4．另外，我中英文都很流利，这对介绍中国画很有帮助。
Besides，I ____________ both Chinese and English, and it helps me introduce Chinese paintings.
5．如果我有幸被选为志愿者，我可以带参观者参观画廊，让他们更多地了解中国画。
If I am lucky enough ____________ as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese paintings.
am fluent in
to be chosen
句式升级
6．将句1和句2合并为含有不定式作定语的句子。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7．将句4改为含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery.
Besides，I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which helps me introduce Chinese paintings.
完美成篇
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
完美成篇
Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery.
I think I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese painting since boyhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which helps me introduce Chinese paintings. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more bout Chinese paintings.
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua(共21张PPT)
Unit 1 单元基础知识汇总
巧记速背·自查自测
单元评价·自查自纠
巧记速背·自查自测
词 汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
boyhood /'b h d/ n. (男性的)童年时期，少年时代
ambition / m'b ( )n/ n. 追求，理想
trainee / tre 'ni / n. 接受工作培训的人；实习生
correspondent / k r 'sp nd nt/ n. 通讯员，记者
bullfighting /'b lfa t / n. 斗牛
historical /h 'st r k( )l/ adj. (有关)历史的
detective /d 'tekt v/ n. 私家侦探
ultimately /' lt m tli/ adv. 最后，最终
dot /d t/ n. 点，小圆点
backwards /'b kw dz/ adv. 往回，往前面
①合成 boy n．男孩＋ hood (名词后缀：……的状态)→boyhood n.
②派生 train vt.培训，训练＋ ee (名词后缀：表示动作承受者)→trainee n.
③合成 respond v．作出反应，回应→对敏感事件进行及时“反应”(respond)的就是“记者”(correspondent)
④合成 bull n．公牛＋fighting (名词：打斗，打架)→bullfighting n.
⑤派生 history n．历史＋ ical (形容词后缀：表示属性)→historical adj.
⑥派生 detect vt.发现，察觉＋ ive (可当名词后缀：能做某事的人)→detective n.
⑦派生 ultimate adj.最终的，最后的＋ ly(副词后缀：以……方式)→ultimately adv.
⑧合成 back adv.向后＋ wards (副词后缀：表示方向)→backwards adv.
admission / d'm ( )n/ n. 允许进入(加入)
participation /pɑ t s 'pe ( )n/ n. 参加，参与
complex /'k mpleks/ adj. 复杂的
diverge /da 'v d / v. (两条路)岔开，分开
undergrowth /' nd gr θ/ n. (长在大树下或周边的)下木层，下层灌木丛
numerous /'nju m( )r s/ adj. 许多的，很多的
commercial /k 'm ( )l/ n. (电视或电台的)商业广告
thoughtful /'θ tf( )l/ adj. 认真思考的，深思的
symbolize /'s mb la z/ v. 象征，代表
alternative / l't n t v/ n. 可供选择的事物
dilemma /d 'lem / n. 进退两难的境地，困境
arise / 'ra z/ v. (由……)引起
circumstance /'s k mst ns/ n. 情况，情形
mixture /'m kst / n. 混合；混合体
affection / 'fek ( )n/ n. 喜爱，钟爱
①派生 admit v．准许进入，录取；承认＋ sion(名词后缀：表示行为、状态或结果)→admission n.
②派生 participate v．参加，参与＋ ion(名词后缀：表示行为)→participation n.
③对比 “完成”(complete)“复杂的”(complex)工作
④串联 “不同的”(diverse)的两条路在此处“岔开”(diverge)
⑤合成 under adj.较低的，下面的＋growth n．生长物；长成物；产物→undergrowth n.
⑥派生 number n．数字；数量＋ ous(形容词后缀：具有……特征的)→numerous adj.
⑦派生 commerce n．商业，贸易＋ ial(名词后缀：与……有关)→commercial n.
⑧派生 thought n．思考；思想＋ ful(形容词后缀：充满……的)→thoughtful adj.
⑨派生 symbol n．象征＋ ize(动词后缀：使……化)→symbolize v.
⑩合成 “修改”(alter)以便使“当地人”(native)选择“可供选择的事物”(alternative)
对比 arise—arouse：问题“出现”(arise)，这“引起”(arouse)了人们的兴趣
拆分 circle n．圆形；圈子→你的“圈子”(circle)的“情况”(circumstance)如何
派生 mix v．混合＋ ure(名词后缀：表过程、动作或结果)→mixture n.
派生 affect v．影响，打动＋ ion(名词后缀：表示行为或结果)→affection n．
qualified /'kw l fa d/ adj. 合格的，胜任的
fluency /'flu nsi/ n. 熟练，流利
sincerely /s n's li/ adv. 由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地
refreshments /r 'fre m nts/ n. 茶点，点心和饮料
shift / ft/ n. (工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间
①派生 qualify vt.使合格；使具备资格＋ ed (形容词后缀：有……特征的)→qualified adj.(此处qualify中的y变为i，然后加 ed变为形容词)
②拆分 flu(＝flow流)＋ ency (名词后缀：表示性质或状况)→fluency n.
③派生 sincere adj.由衷的；真诚的＋ ly(副词后缀：以……方式)→sincerely adv.
④派生 refresh v．喝(饮料)，吃(点心)＋ ment(s)(名词后缀：表示行为的对象)→refreshments n．
短 语
in the face of 面对……
be forced to do 被迫做……
pass up 放过，放弃，错过(机会)
put off 推迟……，使……延期
weigh up 仔细考虑，权衡
yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启(用于以某人名字开头的正式信件的末尾)
on a daily basis 每天，每日
for instance 例如
instead of 代替，而不是
take action 采取行动
make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意
have second thoughts (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑
reject... out of hand 坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……
arise from 起因于……
turn down 拒绝；调低(声音等)
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ adj.合格的，胜任的
2．________ adv.往回，往前面
3．________ adj.复杂的
4．________ n．可供选择的事物
5．________ v．(由……)引起
6．__________ n．情况，情形
7．________ n．喜爱，钟爱
8．________ adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地
9．________ adj.许多的，很多的
qualified
backwards
complex
alternative
arise
circumstance
affection
sincerely
numerous
10．________ n．(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间
11．________ n．进退两难的境地，困境
12．________ n. 追求，理想→________ adj. 雄心勃勃的，有野心的
13．________ v. 符合，一致；通信→__________ n. 通讯员，记者
14．________ n. 历史→________ adj. (有关)历史的→________ adj. 历史上重要的，具有重大历史意义的
15．________ adj. 最终的；极限的→________ adv. 最后，最终
16．________ v. 承认；准许进入；容许→________ n. 允许进入(加入)；承认；入场费；录用，录取
17．________ v. 参与，参加；分享→________ n. 参加，参与→________ n. 参与者
shift
dilemma
ambition
ambitious
correspond
correspondent
history
historical
historic
ultimate
ultimately
admit
admission
participate
participation
participant
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 采取行动
2．________________ 集中(……)于
3．________________ 做出决定，拿定主意
4．________________ 放过，放弃，错过(机会)
5．________________ 绝望地；不顾一切地
6．________________ 在这一方面
7．________________ 根据；以……为基础
8．________________ 相比之下，相对照
take action
focus(...) on
make up one's mind
pass up
in desperation
in this respect
(be) based on
by contrast
9．________________ 与……比起来
10．________________ 在适当的位置；适当，恰当的
11．________________ 在压力下
12．________________ 最终是，结果是
13．________________ (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑
14．________________ 推迟……，使……延期
15．________________ 坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……
be compared to
in place
under pressure
turn out
have second thoughts
put off
reject... out of hand
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．be doing...when... 正在做某事，这时……
I ____________________ (正在看照片) on the noticeboard ________ (这时) I heard a voice behind me.
2．现在分词作状语，表示时间
____________ (转过身来), I saw a white haired man.
3．too...to... 太……而不能……， 表示否定意义
I had been ____________________ (太紧张了，没有注意到) when he introduced himself!
4．make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Although I was embarrassed, his words ______________________ (让我更轻松了)!
was looking at the photos
when
Turning around
too nervous to pay attention
made me a lot more relaxed
