上海市行知中学2023学年第一学期 期终考试
高一年级 英语学科试卷
(试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She doesn’t work hard in maths. B. She is inferior to him in maths.
C. She didn’t do well in this test. D. She is good at maths.
2. A. The library will be closed later this afternoon.
B. The computers in the library are not working.
C. The man needs his computer all afternoon.
D. The woman has lent her computer to somebody else.
3. A. Going to the opera is time-consuming.
B. There is no time left to book opera tickets.
C. She would like to go with the man to the opera.
D. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.
4. A. Worth the price. B. Expensive.
C. Mysterious. D. Good for health.
5. A. 11 a.m. B. 12 p.m. C. 1 p.m. D. 3 p.m.
6 A. The woman will have to call her roommate.
B. The woman may have to change her living arrangement.
C. The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.
D. The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.
7. A. She also thinks the lecture interesting.
B. She was too tired to enjoy the lecture.
C. She missed the lecture this morning.
D. She did not finish the reading before the lecture.
8. A. Her work experience.
B. The courses she has taken.
C. Her knowledge of the graduate school.
D. The description of her academic performance.
9. A. The woman just had her coat cleaned.
B. The woman is not angry with the man.
C. The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon.
D. It was not the woman’s coat that the man spilled coffee on.
10. A. She hopes to get into art school.
B. She is working as a commercial artist.
C. She has talents other than drawing.
D. She cannot decide upon a career.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Kids threw litter everywhere. B. The camp director gave rude orders.
C. Mysterious plastic litter was found. D. Kids’ joint effort led to a clean camp.
12 A. By taking pictures of the litter he picked up.
B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.
C. By keeping a record of crowd sourced cleaning-up.
D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day.
13. A. There is strength in numbers.
B. Birds can help to pick up litter.
C. Litter is artistic and approachable.
D. More straws should be used in the cafe.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Alcohol and coffee. B. Coffee and chicken.
C. Hotpot and drinks. D. Chicken and meat.
15. A. Movies are available to people in Shanghai at midnight.
B. People in Hangzhou attach great importance to dinner.
C. A total of nine online platforms provided data for the report.
D. People in Beijing voted Starbucks as their favorite drink.
16. A. People’s eating habits in different regions of China.
B. The impact of mobile payment on Chinese lifestyles.
C. The differences in nightlife among residents in Chinese cities.
D. The financial pressure residents felt from the nightlife activities.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He hasn’t found a job yet.
B. He plans to start looking after the final exams.
C. He’s had several interviews.
D. He’s expecting an offer from The New York Times.
18. A. Writer. B. Interviewer. C. Newspaper reporter. D. Teacher.
19. A. New York. B. Boston. C. Chicago. D. Los Angeles.
20. A. Continue his education. B. Delay his graduation.
C. Change his career plan. D. Continue job hunting.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Convenience vs Health: the Takeaway Dilemma (纠结)
Feeling hungry If you’re feeling so, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger Many of us will reach _____1_____ a takeaway menu and order some delicious, but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy lives add to our need to buy ready-made food.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ______2______ (order) food quick and convenient, and during the recent coronavirus crisis, it provided a lifeline to those ______3______ (stick) at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for ______4______. It is estimated that in the UK alone, people cat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that “its research suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered ______5______ (expect) to increase in the future.”
______6______ is no wonder that we are tempted ______7______ (skip) the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something ______8______ someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, ______9______ come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food bas some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But _______10_______ (good) advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
【答案】1. for 2. ordering
3. stuck 4. themselves
5. is expected
6. It 7. to skip
8. that 9. can
10. the best
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我们日益繁忙的生活增加了我们购买现成食品的需求，但是我们可能会吃到一些不健康的食物。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们中的许多人会拿起外卖菜单，点一些美味但可能不健康的食物。reach for“伸手去取”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填for。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：外卖app让订餐变得快捷方便，在最近的冠状病毒危机期间，它为那些被困在家里没有东西做饭或缺乏自己做饭技能的人提供了一条生命线。动词make后接复合宾语，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填ordering。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，动词stick和前文those之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填stuck。
4题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：同上。for的对象是主语自身，主语为定语从句引导词who，指代先行词为those，故用第三人称复数。故填themselves。
【5题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：YouGov英国数据产品主管Amelia Brophy告诉BBC，“该公司研究表明，未来订购外卖的频率预计会增加。”动词expect和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述现状，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语the frequency是单数，主谓一致，故填is expected。
【6题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：难怪我们会忍不住不去杂货店买东西，不去厨房，直接吃别人准备好的东西。此处应用it作形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正主语。句首字母大写，故填It。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。be tempted to do sth“想做某事”是固定句式。故填to skip。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词someone，指代不定代词，用关系代词that引导，在从句中作宾语。故填that。
【9题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：但点一份厚皮披萨、一份辣咖喱或一盒面条，既要付出经济代价，也要付出健康代价。根据句意可知，此处应用情态动词can和动词原形构成复合谓语，表示“可能”。故填can。
【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：但你可能想从这篇外卖英语中得到的最好建议是找一本食谱，试着自己做一顿营养丰富的饭。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示“最好的”，作定语，修饰名词advice。故填the best。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. increases B. investigated C. comparison D. sustainable E. advertised F. accessible G. process H. footprint I. discourage J. causes K. promote
Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.
But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline ____11____ this question and concluded that it’s not as ____12____ as it seems.
Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented-receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon ____13____ of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.
She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and ____14____ up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By ____15____ the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi’s.”
Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting ____16____. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene, an air pollutant that ____17____ cancers, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren’t great, either.
Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily ____18____. There’s something called “share washing” that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, ____19____ as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to ____20____ walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.”
Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There’s an even better step-that’s wearing what is already in the closet.
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. H 14. A 15. C 16. G 17. J 18. F 19. E 20. I
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了租衣服比买衣服更环保的问题，分析了衣服租赁服务给环境带来的影响。
【11题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：记者兼作家伊丽莎白·克莱恩调查了这个问题，得出的结论是，这并不像看起来那么可持续。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，investigate“调查”合乎题意。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处应用形容词作表语，sustainable“可持续的”合乎题意。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：克莱恩写道，在我们的集体时尚习惯中，消费运输的碳足迹仅次于制造业。设空处应用名词的形式作宾语，表示抽象概念为不可数名词，footprint“足迹”合乎题意。故选H。
【14题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：她写道：一件在网上订购的商品，然后退回来，单程会排放20公斤的碳，如果是加急运输，碳排放量会增加到50公斤。设空处和and前的can send并列作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，increase“增加”合乎题意，主语为an item，结合主谓一致，应用increases。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：相比之下，根据李维斯2015年的一项研究，从实体店购买一条牛仔裤，在家里清洗和穿着，其碳排放量为33.4公斤。by comparison相比之下，比较起来，comparison“比较”合乎题意。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：对于大多数租赁服务来说，这通常意味着干洗，这是一个高影响和污染的过程。空前为a，设空处应用名词单数的形式。process“过程”合乎题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：克莱恩调查的所有租赁服务都用替代品取代了全氯乙烯，这是一种致癌的空气污染物，仍被70%的美国干洗店使用，尽管这些替代品也不是很好。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为an air pollutant，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，cause“造成”合乎题意。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最后，克莱恩担心租赁服务会增加我们对快时尚的兴趣，仅仅因为它太容易获得。设空处应用形容词的形式作表语，accessible“可进入的；易得到的”合乎题意。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：优步就是一个例子，它被宣传为“一种共享乘车和限制汽车拥有量的方式”。设空处在句中作非谓语，应用动词的过去分词的形式作定语，advertise“登广告”合乎题意。故选E。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，“它已被证明不利于步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通工具。”设空处在句中作非谓语，应用动词不定式的形式作宾语，空前为to，设空处应用动词原形的形式，discourage“劝阻；阻碍”合乎题意。故选I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Please stop ruining children’s summer camp
Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson ___21___ cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States ___22___ access to cell phones.
This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___23___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.
Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all ___24___. “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they ___25___ YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships.
The people who have the ___26___ time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents.
Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is ___27___ the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding ___28___ on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee.
Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to ___29___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many ____30____ a day “Up to 100.”
Some camps address parents’ ____31____ for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the ____32____ effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your ____33____ and I don’t see them. Are they OK Were they sent to the hospital ”
Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of ____34____ can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to ____35____ for themselves.”
21. A. bans B. produces C. searches D. provides
22. A. want B. limit C. enable D. improve
23. A. friends B. decisions C. investments D. mistakes
24. A. on purpose B. in agreement C. by themselves D. with excitement
25. A. use B. uninstall C. forget D. miss
26. A. first B. hardest C. shortest D. greatest
27. A. finding B. attending C. ruining D. setting up
28. A. comments B. reports C. studies D. focus
29. A. respond to B. chat with C. seek out D. argue against
30. A. problems B. parents C. messages D. lessons
31. A. plan B. wait C. pause D. thirst
32. A. magical B. opposite C. protective D. similar
33. A. website B. campsite C. phone D. list
34. A. self-awareness B. knowledge C. independence D. intelligence
35. A. make friends B. ask questions C. make plans D. solve problems
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了露营时营地通常会限制孩子们使用电子设备，而父母对孩子过度养育，不断询问孩子在营地的情况，往往会破坏孩子独立意识的发展。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Clemson禁止在夏令营使用手机和其他电子设备。A. bans禁止；B. produces产生；C. searches搜索；D. provides提供。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故这个夏令营禁止使用手机和其他电子设备。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据美国营地协会的说法，美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。A. want想要；B. limit限制；C. enable使能够；D. improve改进。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们传统上认为夏令营是一个我们可以在湖里游泳，在星空下露营，在篝火旁结交新朋友和户外探险的地方，而不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方。A. friends朋友；B. decisions决定；C. investments投资；D. mistakes错误。根据前文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make”和常识可推知，我们传统上认为夏令营是可以玩耍和交朋友的地方。make friends“交朋友”，为固定短语。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员说，露营者在独自面对风险和克服思乡情绪的同时，培养了宝贵的社交技能。A. on purpose故意；B. in agreement一致；C. by themselves独自；D. with excitement兴奋地。根据前文的“while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness”可推知，露营时面对风险和克服思乡情绪是露营者在独自面对的。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里的许多露营者说他们想念YouTube和Snapchat，但他们很快就开始欣赏这些动手活动和面对面的友谊。A. use使用；B. uninstall卸载；C. forget忘记；D. miss想念。根据前文的“And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States ___2___ access to cell phones.”可知，露营地限制使用手机，故露营者会想念聊天的软件，想和人用手机聊天。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：营地负责人说，最难放手的人不一定是参加夏令营的人自己，而是他们的父母。A. first第一的；B. hardest最难的；C. shortest最短的；D. greatest最大的。根据后文的“It’s parents who call every day demanding ___8___ on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee.”可知，父母不放心孩子们，最难放手的是父母。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，无论你称他们为“直升机父母”、“雪地摩托父母”还是“割草机父母”，过度介入的父母总体上都在产生负面影响，破坏了这些夏令营旨在为青少年提供的积极的人际交往体验。A. finding发现；B. attending出席；C. ruining破坏；D. setting up设置。根据前文的“over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect”可知，过度介入的父母会破坏孩子们的夏令营体验。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：家长们每天打电话要求报告孩子的情况，他们希望从夏令营主任那里听到每一个擦伤的膝盖。A. comments评论；B. reports报告；C. studies研究；D. focus关注。根据后文的“who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee”可知，家长们要求夏令营负责人报告孩子的情况。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说：“我必须回应那些习惯了与女儿不断沟通的母亲。”A. respond to回应；B. chat with聊天；C. seek out找出；D. argue against反对。根据后文的“who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 10 a day “Up to 100.””可知，父母不放心孩子，总是询问孩子的情况，老师不得不作出回应。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天有多少条信息？A. problems问题；B. parents父母；C. messages消息；D. lessons经验教训。根据前文的“Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters, ”she says.”可知，父母惦记孩子，发出很多信息询问情况。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些夏令营通过在网上发布图片和视频来满足家长对最新情况的渴望。A. plan计划；B. wait等待；C. pause停顿；D. thirst渴望。根据前文的““I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says.”可知，家长渴望知道孩子们的情况。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有时这会产生相反的效果。A. magical神奇的；B. opposite相反的；C. protective防护的；D. similar相像的。根据后文的“In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your ___13___ and I don’t see them. Are they OK Were they sent to the hospital ””可知，家长在网站的照片中没有看到自己的孩子，反倒更担忧，故这产生了相反的效果。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，他们通常会接到这样的电话：“你好，营地主任，我在你的网站上，但我没有看到他们。他们还好吗？他们被送到医院了吗？”A. website网站；B. campsite露营地；C. phone电话；D. list列表。根据前文的“Some camps address parents’ ___11___ for updates by posting pictures and videos online.”可知，家长在网站上看到的图片或视频。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Garst说，对过度养育的研究表明，当父母以这种方式行事时，孩子独立意识的发展可能会减慢或完全停止。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. knowledge知识；C. independence独立性；D. intelligence智力。根据后文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母传递的信息是，他们认为自己的孩子无法独自度过艰难时刻，而孩子们也接受了这种态度，故孩子独立意识的发展遭到破坏。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子们并没有真正学会如何自己解决问题。A. make friends交朋友；B. ask questions问问题；C. make plans制定计划；D. solve problems解决问题。根据前文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母和孩子这样的态度导致孩子们不能自己解决生活中的难题。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When our Scottish puppy reached doggie adolescence, she suddenly stopped obeying my commands. Previously, if I called “come,” Annie would fly across our yard to my arms. Now, the 8-month-old gave me an aggressive “make me” look and ran the other way.
Our dog trainer advised us to stop complaining. “She's a teenager,” she said. Now, a new study is backing that up: Dogs, it says, experience an oversensitive period just like human teenagers. “There is abundant folk knowledge that the behavior of adolescents differs from younger or older dogs,” says Barbara Smuts.
Puppies bond with humans much as children do. “But owners often feel like they're failing when their puppies reach adolescence,” about 8 months for most dogs, says Lucy Asher. Like teenagers, adolescent dogs can disregard and disobey their owners. Indeed, teenage dogs are the most likely age group to land in U.S. shelters.
To see exactly how adolescence changes dog behavior, Asher and her team monitored 70 female dogs being raised as potential guide dogs. They asked caregivers to score the puppies on separation-related behaviors, like trembling when left behind. Dogs with high scores on this behavior entered adolescence earlier-at about 5 months, compared with 8 months for those with lower scores. Various factors cause human teenage girls with poor parental relationships to also enter adolescence at a younger age. Thus, similar to humans, dogs that have bad relationships with their caregivers see changes in their development.
According to Smuts, adolescent dogs that were stressed by separation from their caregiver also increasingly disobeyed that person, showing the insecurity of human teenagers.
Because of the similarity between adolescent pups and humans, dogs can serve as a model species for studying adolescence in humans, the scientists say. The temporary nature of dogs which disobey the owners may make us worry less when our pups suddenly get minds of their own.
36. The author's attitude towards his dog's misbehavior can be best described as
A. tolerant B. delighted C. unsatisfied D. indifferent
37. The underlined word “disregard” in paragraph 3 probably means
A. run after B. pay no attention to C. bark at D. defend against
38. What can we learn about adolescent dogs from the passage
A. Many adolescent dogs like staying in American shelters.
B. Adolescent dogs will never follow their owners' instructions.
C. Adolescent dogs are fond of being separated from their caregivers.
D. Dogs having poor relation with their caregivers enter adolescence earlier.
39. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Both young dogs and teenagers rely on their parents.
B. Many researches have shown young dogs are aggressive.
C. Adolescent dogs feel more anxious and frightened than teenagers.
D. Like human teenagers, dogs get difficult when they reach adolescence.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明，狗也会像人类的青少年一样，经历一个过度敏感的时期。文章介绍了狗在青春期的一些表现，以及研究人员为了确切地了解青春期是如何改变狗的行为，而展开的研究过程。科学家们说，由于青春期的幼犬和人类有相似之处，狗可以作为研究人类青春期的模型物种。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Our dog trainer advised us to stop complaining.可知我们的训狗师建议我们停止抱怨。由此可推知，作者对狗的不端行为的态度是不满意的。故选C。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文and disobey their owners可知青春期的狗也会不在意主人，不服从主人，由此可知，划线单词意思为“不注意，不在意”。A. run after追赶；B. pay no attention to不注意，不在意；C. bark at朝着……叫；D.defend against防卫。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Dogs with high scores on this behavior entered adolescence earlier-at about 5 months, compared with 8 months for those with lower scores. Various factors cause human teenage girls with poor parental relationships to also enter adolescence at a younger age. Thus, similar to humans, dogs that have bad relationships with their caregivers see changes in their development.可知在这种行为上得分高的狗进入青春期的时间更早——大约5个月，而得分低的狗则是8个月。各种因素导致父母关系不佳的青少年女孩也更早进入青春期。因此，和人类一样，与照顾者关系不好的狗也会看到它们在发育过程中的变化。由此可知，与照顾者关系不好的狗更早进入青春期。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中Now, a new study is backing that up: Dogs, it says, experience an oversensitive period just like human teenagers.可知现在一项新的研究表明，狗也会像人类的青少年一样，经历一个过度敏感的时期。结合文章还介绍了狗在青春期的一些表现，以及研究人员为了确切地了解青春期是如何改变狗的行为，而展开的研究过程。科学家们说，由于青春期的幼犬和人类有相似之处，狗可以作为研究人类青春期的模型物种。由此可知，文章的主要内容是和人类的青少年一样，狗到了青春期也会变得很难相处。故选D。
(B)
If you hear the word“Castle” or the word“palace”，you may picture the same kind of building for both：large，made of stones，probably with a tower. And，of course，you're not entirely wrong，as those are features of both palaces and castles.
So then hay bother to visit one royal building in the United Kingdom Buckingham Palace and another the same country Windsor Castle It turns out there is a difference，and you
can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.
The Case for Castles
Castles were residences for royalty.But they were also intend as defensive seats. Say you're a king who has taken a particular area over.Now you have to hold it. castle and staff it with soldiers to defend your conquered territory and ensure it remains part of your kingdom.
Castles were built throughout Europe and the Middle East primarily for protection of the king and his people.Some common features of castles include：
●thick walls and heavy gates to keep invaders out
●protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover
●high towers for keeping a lookout over the surrounding
●gate houses for admitting allies instead of allowing enemies into the castle
The Place for Palaces
Palaces， on the contrary， had no defensive purposes.They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.Palaces were where the spoils(战利品) of war might be displayed,along with grand architecture,massive banquet halls,golden table settings and maybe even hundreds of luxuriously decorated rooms.
While kings certainly took up residence in palaces as well as castles,nonmilitary royals might also have lived in (or still live in)palaces. Ministers could live in castles to show the power of their riches rather than their nonexistent military power. The term comes from Palatine Hill in Rome.
40. Which of the flowing is one feature of castles
A. Low towers surrounding castles.
B. Defensive low walls for shooting.
C. Gatehouses allowing enemies into the castle.
D. Thick walls and heavy gates to lock invaders in.
41. Why were palaces first built
A. To accommodate ordinary soldiers.
B. To defend the king's conquered territory.
C. To show off the art of royal painting,
D. To display huge success of the war.
42. What is the main purpose of the next
A. To list the reasons for kings living in palaces.
B. To make a comparison between castles and palaces.
C. To talk about The value of castles in modern times.
D. To show palaces are more popular than castles.
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对比介绍了城堡和宫殿的不同。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Case for Castles部分中的“protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover”可知，用于射击的防御性低墙是城堡的特征之一。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Place for Palaces部分中的“They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.”可知，宫殿最初被建是为了炫耀战争的伟大胜利。 故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。本文在第二段“It turns out there is a difference, and you can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.”就说明了城堡和宫殿是有区别的。然后分别用两部分The Case for Castles和The Place for Palaces 详细地介绍了城堡和宫殿的特点。所以可知，本段的写作目的就是为了对城堡和宫殿做一个对比。故选B。
(C)
When music comes on, some people are toe-lappers or head-bobbers, others shake their hips，and then there are those who let the rhythm move them to a full-body boogie (布吉舞) . But, whatever it is, the way we dance to a beat is so noticeable to an individual that a computer can now identify us by our unique dancing “fingerprint”.
Researchers at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research at Finland's University of Jyv skyl have been using motion capture (动作捕捉) technology to study what a person's dance moves say about his or her mood, personality, and ability to sympathize. They recently made an accidental discovery while trying to see if an ML machine, a form of artificial intelligence, would be able to identify which kind of music was playing based on how the participants of the study were dancing. In their study, the researchers motion captured 73 participants with the AI technology while they danced to eight different music genres: electronica, jazz, metal, pop, rap, reggae, country, and blues. The only instruction the dancers were given was to move in a way that felt natural.
But what it could do was more shocking. The computer was able to correctly identify which music one of the participants was dancing to 94 percent of the time, regardless of what kind of music was playing, based on the pattern of a person's dance style. It was the movement of participants’ heads, shoulders and knees that were important markers in distinguishing between individual. “It seems as though a person’s dance movements a kind of fingerprint. Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing,” said Pasi Saari, a co-author of the study, in a class.
It’s possible that dance-recognition software could become something similar to face-recognition software but it doesn’t seem as practical. For now, researchers say that they are not as interested in possible surveillance (监视) uses of this technology, but rather what the results of this study say about how humans respond to music. So don’t worry about being identified at nightclub by an AI via your signature dance moves yet.
43. What did the researchers expect to do with the ML machine
A. Test the dancers’ flexibility. B. Make dancers accustomed to the beat.
C. Identify the music using dancers' moves. D. Check the accuracy of motion capture technology.
44. What might not help the AI technology determine a dancer’s identity
A. Head movement. B. Foot movement. C. Knee movement. D. Shoulder movement.
45. What do researchers want to use the results for
A. Putting it on the application market. B. Programming it to work at nightclub.
C. Learning about the human response to music. D. Developing a software like face-recognition.
46. What can be the best title of the text
A. A music style matters less than its beat.
B. New AI can generate your next dance move.
C. A dance-recognition software will become more popular.
D. New AI can identify you by your dancing “fingerprint”.
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。 文章介绍了一项研究结果：新的AI技术可以通过跳舞者独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别他们。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“They recently made an accidental discovery while trying to see if an ML machine, a form of artificial intelligence, would be able to identify which kind of music was playing based on how the participants of the study were dancing.（最近，他们在尝试看人工智能ML机器是否能够根据研究参与者跳舞的方式来识别出播放的音乐时，有了一个意外发现。）”可知， 研究人员期望用ML机器根据舞蹈者的动作识别音乐。故选C。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“It was the movement of participants’ heads, shoulders and knees that were important markers in distinguishing between individual.（参与者头部、肩膀和膝盖的运动是区分个体的重要标志。）”可知， 跳舞者的脚部运动不能帮助AI技术确定跳舞者的身份。故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“researchers say that they are not as interested in possible surveillance (监视) uses of this technology, but rather what the results of this study say about how humans respond to music.（研究人员说他们感兴趣的不是这种技术的监视用途，而是这项研究关于人类对音乐是如何反应的结果。）”可知，研究人员想用这个研究的结果来了解人类对音乐的反应。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“whatever it is, the way we dance to a beat is so noticeable to an individual that a computer can now identify us by our unique dancing “fingerprint”. （不管是什么舞蹈，我们跟着节拍跳舞方式对一个人来说是如此明显，以至于电脑现在可以通过我们独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别我们。）”；第三段中提到研究人员Pasi Saari 所说的话“It seems as though a person’s dance movements a kind of fingerprint. Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing.( 一个人的舞蹈动作就好像是一种指纹。每个人都有自己独特的动作特征，无论演奏什么音乐，这些特征都是不变的。)”由此可知，文章是关于新的AI技术能够通过独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别跳舞者。D项“新的AI技术能够通过你的跳舞“指纹”来识别你”可以作为本文标题。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Life in 2060
An international group of 40 scientists have made some very surprising predictions about the future. They say that in the next 50 years the way we live will change beyond our wildest dreams.
____47____ With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.
Professor Ellen Heber-Katz says: “____48____” Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine. But doctors will need huge supplies of organs for transplant. Where will they come from Scientists say these could be grown inside animals from human cells.
Professor Susan Greenfield of Oxford University says, “in 50 years’ time we may have a clearer idea of how the brain generates consciousness.” Studies of the brain and the nature of consciousness will bring much greater understanding of disorders such as depression. Other scientists go further than Professor Greenfield. They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions. ____49____
Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals. The story of Dr. Dolittle will be fact, not fiction. “____50____” says Professor Daniel Pauly from Canada. “so we might all become vegetarian.”
A. People will take for granted that injured or diseased organs can be repaired in much the same way as we fix a car.
B. This device could first work with primates(灵长类), then mammals, then other vertebrates, including fish.
C. Within 50 years, living to 100 years old while will enjoying active, healthy lives will be a common thing.
D. A number of scientists predict that the biggest breakthrough in the next 50 years will be the discovery of extra-planet beings.
E. Human beings may eventually be replaced by computers in some areas of life.
F. We don’t yet know how the brain gives us our awareness of being alive.
【答案】47. C 48. A 49. E 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对未来生活的一些预测，并详细介绍了一些具体的变化。
【47题详解】
下文“With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.(通过定期注射，百岁老人将像今天的60岁老人一样充满活力。妇女在年老时仍能生育；他们的生物钟可以延长10年。)”提到了百岁老人的生活状态，选项C中100years old是关键词，与下文呼应，所以C选项“在50年内，活到100岁，同时享受积极、健康的生活将是一件很普遍的事情。”是对下文内容的一个概括，符合题意。故选C项。
【48题详解】
下文“Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine.(损坏的部件将予以更换。50年内全身置换将成为常规。)”提到了全身置换，选项A中repaired是关键词，与下文的replaced呼应，所以A选项“人们想当然地认为，受伤或患病的器官可以修复，就像我们修理汽车一样。”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A项。
【49题详解】
上文“They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions.(他们相信，到2060年，计算机将发展出自己的意识和情感。)”提到了计算机的发展，选项E中replaced是关键词，说明了发展可能产生的结果，所以E选项“人类最终可能会在生活的某些领域被计算机取代。”符合题意。故选E项。
【50题详解】
上文“Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals.(多亏了一种可以“读取”情感、感觉和思想的设备，我们将能够与动物“交谈”。)”提到了一种设备，选项B中device是关键词，与上文呼应，构成顺承关系，所以B选项“这种设备可以首先用于灵长类动物，然后是哺乳动物，然后是其他脊椎动物，包括鱼类。”符合题意。故选B项。
Ⅳ. Summary
51. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty
Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids.
When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them.
A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money.
For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最新的研究表明，在美国超过30%的儿童生活在严重贫困中。政府需要进一步采取措施，许多学者认为给有孩子的家庭发放补贴可以缓解儿童贫困。
【详解】1 要点摘录①According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
②Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore.
③Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough.
④A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately.
⑤For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half.
2.缜密构思将1、2点一起整合，然后将其余3点分别概括。
3.遣词造句 The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.
Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons.
Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education.
It is only a little money that can make a big difference.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句非常高级。
[高分句型2]：It is only a little money that can make a big difference.用强调句对最后一段进行了概括，表达比较高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他是否会赢得这场比赛还有待见分晓。(remain) (汉译英)
【答案】It remains to be seen whether he will win the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句、固定句型和时态。表示“有待见分晓”译为It remains to be seen，It为形式主语，主语从句用“是否”whether引导，从句部分用一般将来时，表示“赢得比赛”用win the game。综上所述，故翻译为It remains to be seen whether he will win the game.
53. 人人必须意识到保护自然的平衡尤其重要。(aware) (汉译英)
【答案】Everybody must be aware that it is especially important to keep the balance of nature.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时。主语everybody“人们”，“必须”用情态动词must，be aware “意识到”，“保护自然的平衡尤其重要”作宾语，可使用宾语从句，句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导从句，从句主语“保护自己的平衡”可理解为“保持自然平衡”，可译为keep the balance of nature，用it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式形式，“尤其重要”翻译为系表结构be especially important。故答案为故填Everybody must be aware that it is especially important to keep the balance of nature.
54. 尽管有家长抱怨校服抹杀学生的个性，但校服被证明是促进安全和纪律的好方法。(turn out) (汉译英)
【答案】Despite complaints from parents that uniforms kill students’ individuality, uniforms have turned out to be a good way to promote safety and discipline.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语。表示“尽管有家长抱怨”用Despite complaints from parents。表示“校服抹杀学生的个性”用同位语从句that uniforms kill students’ individuality，作为名词complaints“抱怨”的具体内容，且从句陈述现在家长的看法，故时态用一般现在时。表示“证明是”用turn out to be，表示“但校服被证明是促进安全和纪律的好方法”用uniforms have turned out to be a good way to promote safety and discipline，其中因这件事已经被证明，故主句用现在完成时。故翻译为Despite complaints from parents that uniforms kill students’ individuality, uniforms have turned out to be a good way to promote safety and discipline.
55. 我试图提前预定艺术展的门票，但是主办方说由于缺乏资金，展会将推迟到明年元旦。(attempt) (汉译英)
【答案】I attempted to book tickets for the art show in advance, but the organizers said it would be postponed until New Year’s Day due to lack of funds.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和固定短语。根据句意，表示“试图做某事”应为attempt to dosth.作谓语，该句讲述的是过去的事情，所以该句使用一般过去时，表示“预定艺术展的门票”应为book tickets for the art show作attempt的宾语，应使用不定式形式，即to book tickets for the art show，表示“提前”为in advance，所以前半句译为I attempted to book tickets for the art show in advance；表示“但是”应为but连接两个表示转折关系的句子，表示“主办方”应为the organizers作主语，表示“说”应为say为后半句的谓语，同样使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为said，表示“由于缺乏资金，展会将推迟到明年元旦”应为宾语从句作said的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用that引导宾语从句，可以省略，表示“展会”应用it指的上文中的the art show作主语，表示“推测”应为postpone，与主语之间为被动关系，结合句意，从句表示将来的动作，所以使用过去将来时的被动形式，即would be postponed，表示“直到明年元旦”应为until New Year’s Day作时间状语，表示“由于缺乏资金”应为due to lack of funds作原因状语至于句尾，所以后半句应译为the organizers said (that) it would be postponed until New Year’s Day due to lack of funds。故翻译为I attempted to book tickets for the art show in advance, but the organizers said it would be postponed until New Year’s Day due to lack of funds.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你的校外好友李华因为高中的选科问题向你发E-mail求助。他正在纠结到底是选择高校招生人数多、将来就业岗位广的理化生学科组合还是自己更为擅长、却遭父母反对的政史地学科组合。请你回一封E-mail给他，你的邮件内容应该包括：
1.你的建议
2.你建议的理由
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Li Hua,
I’m sorry to learn in your letter that you are upset about the coming choice of arts or science. It’s a pity that you have not been able to reach an agreement with your parents. You have asked me for my advice with regard to whether to choose science and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. Actually, many senior l students have the same anxiety and problem as you. But if we can deal with them rationally, there is nothing to worry.
When it comes to choosing between arts and science, the basic rule is to base our choice on our own interest and strengths. Never follow others blindly! Besides, it may be helpful to seek opinions from senior 2 or 3 students, who have previous experience and lesson. Finally, whichever we choose, please keep it in mind that only by working hard can we live up to our expectation and choice.
I hope my ideas can help you. Best wishes!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的校外好友李华因为高中的选科问题向你发E-mail求助。他正在纠结到底是选择高校招生人数多、将来就业岗位广的理化生学科组合还是自己更为擅长、却遭父母反对的政史地学科组合。请你回一封E-mail给他。
【详解】1.词汇积累
遗憾：be sorry→regret
选择：choice→option
实际上：actually→as a matter of fact
此外：besides→furthermore
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：It’s a pity that you have not been able to reach an agreement with your parents.
拓展句：What is a pity is that you have not been able to reach an agreement with your parents.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to choosing between arts and science, the basic rule is to base our choice on our own interest and strengths.（运用了when引导状语从句，不定式作表语）
【高分句型2】Besides, it may be helpful to seek opinions from senior 2 or 3 students, who have previous experience and lesson.（运用了不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语，who引导定语从句）
【高分句型3】Finally, whichever we choose, please keep it in mind that only by working hard can we live up to our expectation and choice.（运用了whichever引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，倒装句）上海市行知中学2023学年第一学期 期终考试
高一年级 英语学科试卷
(试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She doesn’t work hard in maths. B. She is inferior to him in maths.
C. She didn’t do well in this test. D. She is good at maths.
2 A. The library will be closed later this afternoon.
B. The computers in the library are not working.
C. The man needs his computer all afternoon.
D. The woman has lent her computer to somebody else.
3. A. Going to the opera is time-consuming.
B. There is no time left to book opera tickets.
C. She would like to go with the man to the opera.
D. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.
4. A. Worth the price. B. Expensive.
C. Mysterious. D. Good for health.
5. A. 11 a.m. B. 12 p.m. C. 1 p.m. D. 3 p.m.
6. A. The woman will have to call her roommate.
B. The woman may have to change her living arrangement.
C. The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.
D. The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.
7 A. She also thinks the lecture interesting.
B. She was too tired to enjoy the lecture.
C. She missed the lecture this morning.
D. She did not finish the reading before the lecture.
8. A. Her work experience.
B. The courses she has taken.
C. Her knowledge of the graduate school.
D. The description of her academic performance.
9. A. The woman just had her coat cleaned.
B. The woman is not angry with the man.
C. The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon.
D. It was not the woman’s coat that the man spilled coffee on.
10. A. She hopes to get into art school.
B. She is working as a commercial artist.
C. She has talents other than drawing.
D. She cannot decide upon a career.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Kids threw litter everywhere. B. The camp director gave rude orders.
C. Mysterious plastic litter was found. D. Kids’ joint effort led to a clean camp.
12. A. By taking pictures of the litter he picked up.
B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.
C. By keeping a record of crowd sourced cleaning-up.
D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day.
13. A. There is strength in numbers.
B. Birds can help to pick up litter.
C. Litter is artistic and approachable.
D More straws should be used in the cafe.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Alcohol and coffee. B. Coffee and chicken.
C. Hotpot and drinks. D. Chicken and meat.
15. A. Movies are available to people in Shanghai at midnight.
B. People in Hangzhou attach great importance to dinner.
C. A total of nine online platforms provided data for the report.
D. People in Beijing voted Starbucks as their favorite drink.
16. A. People’s eating habits in different regions of China.
B. The impact of mobile payment on Chinese lifestyles.
C. The differences in nightlife among residents in Chinese cities.
D. The financial pressure residents felt from the nightlife activities.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He hasn’t found a job yet.
B. He plans to start looking after the final exams.
C. He’s had several interviews.
D. He’s expecting an offer from The New York Times.
18. A. Writer. B. Interviewer. C. Newspaper reporter. D. Teacher.
19. A. New York. B. Boston. C. Chicago. D. Los Angeles.
20. A. Continue his education. B. Delay his graduation.
C. Change his career plan. D. Continue job hunting.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Convenience vs Health: the Takeaway Dilemma (纠结)
Feeling hungry If you’re feeling so, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger Many of us will reach _____1_____ a takeaway menu and order some delicious, but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy lives add to our need to buy ready-made food.
Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ______2______ (order) food quick and convenient, and during the recent coronavirus crisis, it provided a lifeline to those ______3______ (stick) at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for ______4______. It is estimated that in the UK alone, people cat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that “its research suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered ______5______ (expect) to increase in the future.”
______6______ is no wonder that we are tempted ______7______ (skip) the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something ______8______ someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, ______9______ come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food bas some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.
Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But _______10_______ (good) advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. increases B. investigated C. comparison D. sustainable E. advertised F. accessible G. process H. footprint I. discourage J. causes K. promote
Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.
But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline ____11____ this question and concluded that it’s not as ____12____ as it seems.
Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented-receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon ____13____ of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.
She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and ____14____ up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By ____15____ the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi’s.”
Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting ____16____. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene, an air pollutant that ____17____ cancers, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren’t great, either.
Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily ____18____. There’s something called “share washing” that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, ____19____ as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to ____20____ walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.”
Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There’s an even better step-that’s wearing what is already in the closet.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Please stop ruining children’s summer camp
Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson ___21___ cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States ___22___ access to cell phones.
This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___23___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.
Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all ___24___. “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they ___25___ YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships.
The people who have the ___26___ time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents.
Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is ___27___ the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding ___28___ on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee.
Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to ___29___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many ____30____ a day “Up to 100.”
Some camps address parents’ ____31____ for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the ____32____ effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your ____33____ and I don’t see them. Are they OK Were they sent to the hospital ”
Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of ____34____ can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to ____35____ for themselves.”
21. A. bans B. produces C. searches D. provides
22. A. want B. limit C. enable D. improve
23. A. friends B. decisions C. investments D. mistakes
24. A. on purpose B. in agreement C. by themselves D. with excitement
25. A. use B. uninstall C. forget D. miss
26. A. first B. hardest C. shortest D. greatest
27. A. finding B. attending C. ruining D. setting up
28. A. comments B. reports C. studies D. focus
29. A. respond to B. chat with C. seek out D. argue against
30. A. problems B. parents C. messages D. lessons
31. A. plan B. wait C. pause D. thirst
32. A. magical B. opposite C. protective D. similar
33. A. website B. campsite C. phone D. list
34. A. self-awareness B. knowledge C. independence D. intelligence
35. A. make friends B. ask questions C. make plans D. solve problems
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When our Scottish puppy reached doggie adolescence, she suddenly stopped obeying my commands. Previously, if I called “come,” Annie would fly across our yard to my arms. Now, the 8-month-old gave me an aggressive “make me” look and ran the other way.
Our dog trainer advised us to stop complaining. “She's a teenager,” she said. Now, a new study is backing that up: Dogs, it says, experience an oversensitive period just like human teenagers. “There is abundant folk knowledge that the behavior of adolescents differs from younger or older dogs,” says Barbara Smuts.
Puppies bond with humans much as children do. “But owners often feel like they're failing when their puppies reach adolescence,” about 8 months for most dogs, says Lucy Asher. Like teenagers, adolescent dogs can disregard and disobey their owners. Indeed, teenage dogs are the most likely age group to land in U.S. shelters.
To see exactly how adolescence changes dog behavior, Asher and her team monitored 70 female dogs being raised as potential guide dogs. They asked caregivers to score the puppies on separation-related behaviors, like trembling when left behind. Dogs with high scores on this behavior entered adolescence earlier-at about 5 months, compared with 8 months for those with lower scores. Various factors cause human teenage girls with poor parental relationships to also enter adolescence at a younger age. Thus, similar to humans, dogs that have bad relationships with their caregivers see changes in their development.
According to Smuts, adolescent dogs that were stressed by separation from their caregiver also increasingly disobeyed that person, showing the insecurity of human teenagers.
Because of the similarity between adolescent pups and humans dogs can serve as a model species for studying adolescence in humans, the scientists say. The temporary nature of dogs which disobey the owners may make us worry less when our pups suddenly get minds of their own.
36. The author's attitude towards his dog's misbehavior can be best described as
A. tolerant B. delighted C. unsatisfied D. indifferent
37. The underlined word “disregard” in paragraph 3 probably means
A. run after B. pay no attention to C. bark at D. defend against
38. What can we learn about adolescent dogs from the passage
A. Many adolescent dogs like staying in American shelters.
B. Adolescent dogs will never follow their owners' instructions.
C. Adolescent dogs are fond of being separated from their caregivers.
D. Dogs having poor relation with their caregivers enter adolescence earlier.
39. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Both young dogs and teenagers rely on their parents.
B. Many researches have shown young dogs are aggressive.
C. Adolescent dogs feel more anxious and frightened than teenagers.
D. Like human teenagers, dogs get difficult when they reach adolescence.
(B)
If you hear the word“Castle” or the word“palace”，you may picture the same kind of building for both：large，made of stones，probably with a tower. And，of course，you're not entirely wrong，as those are features of both palaces and castles.
So then hay bother to visit one royal building in the United Kingdom Buckingham Palace and another the same country Windsor Castle It turns out there is a difference，and you
can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.
The Case for Castles
Castles were residences for royalty.But they were also intend as defensive seats. Say you're a king who has taken a particular area over.Now you have to hold it. castle and staff it with soldiers to defend your conquered territory and ensure it remains part of your kingdom.
Castles were built throughout Europe and the Middle East primarily for protection of the king and his people.Some common features of castles include：
●thick walls and heavy gates to keep invaders out
●protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover
●high towers for keeping a lookout over the surrounding
●gate houses for admitting allies instead of allowing enemies into the castle
The Place for Palaces
Palaces， on the contrary， had no defensive purposes.They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.Palaces were where the spoils(战利品) of war might be displayed,along with grand architecture,massive banquet halls,golden table settings and maybe even hundreds of luxuriously decorated rooms.
While kings certainly took up residence in palaces as well as castles,nonmilitary royals might also have lived in (or still live in)palaces. Ministers could live in castles to show the power of their riches rather than their nonexistent military power. The term comes from Palatine Hill in Rome.
40. Which of the flowing is one feature of castles
A. Low towers surrounding castles.
B. Defensive low walls for shooting.
C. Gatehouses allowing enemies into the castle.
D. Thick walls and heavy gates to lock invaders in.
41. Why were palaces first built
A. To accommodate ordinary soldiers.
B. To defend the king's conquered territory.
C. To show off the art of royal painting,
D. To display huge success of the war.
42. What is the main purpose of the next
A. To list the reasons for kings living in palaces.
B. To make a comparison between castles and palaces.
C. To talk about The value of castles in modern times.
D. To show palaces are more popular than castles.
(C)
When music comes on, some people are toe-lappers or head-bobbers, others shake their hips，and then there are those who let the rhythm move them to a full-body boogie (布吉舞) . But, whatever it is, the way we dance to a beat is so noticeable to an individual that a computer can now identify us by our unique dancing “fingerprint”.
Researchers at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Music Research at Finland's University of Jyv skyl have been using motion capture (动作捕捉) technology to study what a person's dance moves say about his or her mood, personality, and ability to sympathize. They recently made an accidental discovery while trying to see if an ML machine, a form of artificial intelligence, would be able to identify which kind of music was playing based on how the participants of the study were dancing. In their study, the researchers motion captured 73 participants with the AI technology while they danced to eight different music genres: electronica, jazz, metal, pop, rap, reggae, country, and blues. The only instruction the dancers were given was to move in a way that felt natural.
But what it could do was more shocking. The computer was able to correctly identify which music one of the participants was dancing to 94 percent of the time, regardless of what kind of music was playing, based on the pattern of a person's dance style. It was the movement of participants’ heads, shoulders and knees that were important markers in distinguishing between individual. “It seems as though a person’s dance movements a kind of fingerprint. Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing,” said Pasi Saari, a co-author of the study, in a class.
It’s possible that dance-recognition software could become something similar to face-recognition software but it doesn’t seem as practical. For now, researchers say that they are not as interested in possible surveillance (监视) uses of this technology, but rather what the results of this study say about how humans respond to music. So don’t worry about being identified at nightclub by an AI via your signature dance moves yet.
43. What did the researchers expect to do with the ML machine
A. Test the dancers’ flexibility. B. Make dancers accustomed to the beat.
C. Identify the music using dancers' moves. D. Check the accuracy of motion capture technology.
44. What might not help the AI technology determine a dancer’s identity
A. Head movement. B. Foot movement. C. Knee movement. D. Shoulder movement.
45. What do researchers want to use the results for
A. Putting it on the application market. B. Programming it to work at nightclub.
C. Learning about the human response to music. D. Developing a software like face-recognition.
46. What can be the best title of the text
A. A music style matters less than its beat.
B. New AI can generate your next dance move.
C. A dance-recognition software will become more popular.
D New AI can identify you by your dancing “fingerprint”.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Life in 2060
An international group of 40 scientists have made some very surprising predictions about the future. They say that in the next 50 years the way we live will change beyond our wildest dreams.
____47____ With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.
Professor Ellen Heber-Katz says: “____48____” Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine. But doctors will need huge supplies of organs for transplant. Where will they come from Scientists say these could be grown inside animals from human cells.
Professor Susan Greenfield of Oxford University says, “in 50 years’ time we may have a clearer idea of how the brain generates consciousness.” Studies of the brain and the nature of consciousness will bring much greater understanding of disorders such as depression. Other scientists go further than Professor Greenfield. They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions. ____49____
Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals. The story of Dr. Dolittle will be fact, not fiction. “____50____” says Professor Daniel Pauly from Canada. “so we might all become vegetarian.”
A. People will take for granted that injured or diseased organs can be repaired in much the same way as we fix a car.
B. This device could first work with primates(灵长类), then mammals, then other vertebrates, including fish.
C. Within 50 years, living to 100 years old while will enjoying active, healthy lives will be a common thing.
D. A number of scientists predict that the biggest breakthrough in the next 50 years will be the discovery of extra-planet beings.
E. Human beings may eventually be replaced by computers in some areas of life.
F. We don’t yet know how the brain gives us our awareness of being alive.
Ⅳ. Summary
51. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty
Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3.
A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids.
When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them.
A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money.
For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor.
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V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他是否会赢得这场比赛还有待见分晓。(remain) (汉译英)
53. 人人必须意识到保护自然的平衡尤其重要。(aware) (汉译英)
54. 尽管有家长抱怨校服抹杀学生的个性，但校服被证明是促进安全和纪律的好方法。(turn out) (汉译英)
55. 我试图提前预定艺术展的门票，但是主办方说由于缺乏资金，展会将推迟到明年元旦。(attempt) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你的校外好友李华因为高中的选科问题向你发E-mail求助。他正在纠结到底是选择高校招生人数多、将来就业岗位广的理化生学科组合还是自己更为擅长、却遭父母反对的政史地学科组合。请你回一封E-mail给他，你的邮件内容应该包括：
1.你的建议
2.你建议的理由
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