2023学年第1学期高二年级英语12月调研考试试卷
I．Listening Comprehension(第1-10题，每题1分，第11-20题，每题1.5分;共25分)
Section A
1. A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s. C. In a hospital. D. At a gas station.
2. A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45.
3. A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital.
C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital.
4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.
C. To go back to school. D. To take a vacation.
5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.
C. His call got cut off. D. His mobile is too long.
6. A. They will meet Angela on the way. B. They will have an early start.
C. Angela is usually a latecomer. D. Angela may not come tomorrow.
7. A. He is a person of generosity. B. He is in charge of the department.
C. He is rather mean on money. D. He doesn’t get on well with colleagues.
8. A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter.
C. Shop assistant and customer. D. Boss and employee.
9. A. There are several Jacks in his class. B. Jack’s personality has changed greatly.
C. Jack had received training on debate. D. Jack was not likely to win the debate contest.
10. A. He was forced to go to the calligraphy exhibition.
B. He found no interest in the calligraphy exhibition.
C. He was poor at investing in exhibits of calligraphy.
D. Watching soap operas is his favorite recreation.
Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To encourage its people to retire later.
B. To import more goods from abroad.
C. To give its people additional social welfare.
D. To change the long-held Western prejudice.
12. A. Small companies. B. Industrialists. C. Trade unions. D. Young people.
13. A. They know how to spend money. B. They are forced out of their class.
C. The hold the same belief as the retired. D. They support their hardworking parents.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. There is a great difference between reading and listening.
B. There are some effective ways to practice your reading skill.
C. Highly educated and poorly educated people have different reading habits.
D. The speed and efficiency of reading greatly depend on contents and purposes.
15. A. They move very fast through the text. B. They vary their speed when reading.
C. They concentrate on the key words. D. They re-read the text at least twice.
16. A. Too slow for a difficult book though just right for a non-serious one.
B. Too slow for a non-serious book but too fast for a difficult one.
C. Too fast for difficult material though just right for a non-serious book.
D. Too fast for a non-serious book as well as for a difficult one.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17. A. In a studio. B. In a clothing store. C. At a fancy-dress ball. D. At a fashion show.
18. A. To stay for half a year. B. To live there for good.
C. To find a better job to support herself. D. To sell leather goods for a British company.
19. A. Designing fashion items for several companies.
B. Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.
C. Working as an employee for Ferragamo.
D. Serving as a sales agent for Burberry.
20. A. It has seen a steady decline in its profits.
B. It has become much more competitive.
C. It has lost many customers to foreign companies.
D. It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary(每题1分;共20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You know that the business of business is making money. What you may not realize is ___1___simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients — a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will ___2___sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two —___3___(desire) product and competent people — good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.
You can’t expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company’s strengths ___4___the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees ___5___(perform) as well as they can. They won’t remain superb ___6___reliable leadership and, infact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment ___7___profits are skyrocketing, and business ___8___not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before ___9___(indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.
Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service ___10___keeps it in business year after year.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adulthood B. betting C. alternative D. direct E. drown F. opting G. place H. tearing I. engage J. sense K. state
The post millennial generation best known as Gen Z — individuals now in their teens and early 20s — looked on as their parents lost jobs during the Great Recession. They’ve seen older millennial siblings ____11____ in student debt. Since they could eat solid food, they’ve watched on promising techonology displace another, and, along with older generations, have questioned everything from the gig economy to the ____12____ of democracy. Now they’re entering ____13____ with a willingness to experiment.
“The old systems we used to rely on aren’t working anymore, but new systems haven’t necessarily been put in ____14____,” says Melissa Lavigne-Delville, founder of the trends and research firm Culture Co-op, which specializes in generational attitudes. “Parents aren’t even sure about how to ____15____ their children, because too much is up in the air.”
According to a survey by her firm, 78% of Gen Z-ers say getting a four-year degree no longer makes economic ____16____, and hundreds of programs, from apprenticeships to boot camps, have cropped up to offer a(n) ____17____ path. New types of work are possible too. Research has found that teenagers are getting their driver’s licenses later and doing less traditional work-for-pay than previous generations. But while they might not be ____18____ tickets at the local cineplex, they may be starting a popular YouTube channel from their bedroom. Culture Co-op found that nearly 60% of Gen Z-ers, ages 13 to 22, say they are doing some form of freelancing. Dew, for one, didn’t have a job in high school but did teach himself to code and is building websites on the side while he attends MissionU.
Jumping into the freelance economy means taking an uncertain path, as is ____19____ one’s future earnings on an educational program no one has tried before. Almost $2 billion has been invested in “last mile training” efforts like MissionU, but many young people are still _____20_____ for college.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(每题1分;共15分)
How Facebook Programmed Our Relatives
Three years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____21____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____22____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ____23____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____24____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.
A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____25____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____26____
Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!
That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____27____ that most people respond ____28____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.
Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____29____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____30____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____31____ to the click of a button.
Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____32____ behavior, is it even meaningful As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ____33____ they exact over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____34____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.
Digital platforms are ____35____ what it means to be human and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research ourselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards—but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.
21. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing
22. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting
23. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly
24. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered
25. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange
26. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake
27. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan
28. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively
29. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise
30. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors
31. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted
32. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. benefited
33. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills
34. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all
35. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retaining
Section B(每题2分;共22分)
A
I’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.
The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it
These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless Or do they not know Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.
The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference
Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”
Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.
Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.
Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.
An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.
Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.
36. The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.
A. the employees are proud of their company
B to err is human
C. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of language
D. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language
37. According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.
A. use the former B. use the latter
C. ask the author for advice D. turn to Microsoft Word
38. The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.
A. consult B. follow
C. object D. yield
39. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with
A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.
B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limited vocabulary.
C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.
D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.
B
USING YOUR GOLDEN ARROW MULTIPURPOSE CALCULATOR TO DETERMINE THE DATE AND TIME AT YOUR LOCATION AS WELL AS LOCATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE SEETING THE DATE AND TIME FOR YOUR LOCATION
Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate code that corresponds with the time zone in which you live. Select the major city that shares your time zone. Press the code that corresponds to that city (e.g. ,if you live in Washington ,Oregon California, or Nevada, all of which are located in the Pacific time zone, you would choose Los Angeles and press the corresponding code which is the 1 key).
1. Press TIME twice. The two digits representing hours will begin to flash.
2. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired hour flashes. Then release.
3. Press SET. The two digits representing minutes will begin to flash.
4. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired minute fleshes. Then release.
5. Press SET. The two digits representing seconds will begin to flash.
6. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until 00 flashes. The release.
7. Press SET. To set the year, month, and day press DATE three times. Then repeat steps 2 through 7.
NOTE: At this point, hour ,minutes and seconds will change to year, month, and day.
DETERMINAING DATE AND TIME FOR THE WORLD’S16 TIME ZONES
1.PRESS ZONE TWICE.
2. Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate the code that corresponds to the time zone for which you desire the date and time. Press that code (e.g., press = to determine the date and time in Hong Kong). The selected date and time will alternately display for 10 seconds and then return automatically to your home date and time.
CODE CITY TIME
0 Honolulu -10
1 Los Angeles -8
2 Denver -7
3 Chicago -6
4 New York -5
5 Rio de Janeiro -3
6 London 0
7 Paris +1
CODE CITY TIME
8 Cairo +2
9 Moscow +3
+ Karachi +5
- Bangkok +7
= Hong Kong +8
* Tokyo +9
/ Sydney +10
# Wellington +12
40. This article serves to explain how to ________.
A. press the or keys to adjust time
B. determine the time zone around the world
C. set global locations to find Pacific time zone
D. use the calculator to display time, date and location
41. If you are at a net meeting in London at 9 a.m., what time is it for your colleagues in Japan
A. 9 p.m.. B. 6 p.m.. C. 11 a.m.. D. 8 a.m..
42. What sequence of steps would you follow to check the time in Moscow
A. Press ZONE twice. Press 9.
B. Press ZONE twice. Press+3.
C. Press ZONE twice. Press 9.Press+3.
D. Press ZONE twice. Press 9 three times.
C
Progressives often support diversity missions as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender equality” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas (配额). If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which clearly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.
The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.
But are such government mandates even necessary Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what
The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt ”phenomenon, where the same elite women occupy multiple seats on a variety of boards.
Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
43. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will __________.
A. help little to reduce gender bias.
B. pose a threat to the state government.
C. raise women’s position in politics.
D. greatly broaden career options.
44. ________ has a part to play in enabling the “brute force” approach to gradually bear fruit
A. the harm from absolute board decision.
B. the importance of constitutional guarantees.
C. the pressure on women in global corporations.
D. the needlessness of government interventions.
45. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to __________.
A. the underestimation of elite women’s role
B. the objection to female participation on boards.
C. the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
D. the growing tension between labor and management.
46. Which of the following can be inferred from the text
A. Women’s need in employment should be considered.
B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy making.
C. Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
D. Major social issues should be the focus of the government.
Section C(每题2分;共8分)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blanks with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Emergence of Pop-up Museums
None of the major traditional museums seemed to see it as a threat when the Museum of Ice Cream opened in New York in 2016. ____47____.
However, as more of these pop-up museums started showing up over the next two years, they seemed to become a trend that should have been taken more seriously. And the latest member to join this list is the Museum of Pizza, set to open in New York this October for two weeks.
It seems that museums are no longer just places to “see” art. ____48____. At the Museum of Ice Cream, for example, which is currently located in the US city of Miami, visitors can jump into a pool of plastic sprinkles. And at the upcoming Museum of Pizza, people will be able to lie on a “pizza beach”, where they can experience a “wave of cheese”.
“Not only are visitors taking pictures of art, but they are taking pictures of themselves within these spaces,” Jia Jia Fei, a director at the Jewish Museum of New York, said in a TED Talk. “In the pre-digital photography era, the message was: This is what I’m seeing. Today, the message is: ____49____.”
This immersive (沉浸式的) experience that pop-up museums provide also allows visitors to get away from their real life—even just for a short period of time—and enter a fantasy world.
For example Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama took her exhibition “Infinity Mirrors” to Washington, US in 2016. It attracted a large number of visitors who were willing to stand in line for hours just to visit each of the six mirrored rooms for just 30 seconds. ____50____.
“I felt an unexpected calm,” wrote Baltimore City Paper reporter Maura Callahan after spending 30 seconds in one of the rooms. “Something about the vastness of the illusion rubbing up against the actuality of being confined to a box was comforting.”
A. I came, I saw, and I selfied
B. Pop-up museums remain open—at least for now
C. However the long wait seemed to have been worth it
D. After all, as a “pop-up museum”, it only stayed open there for a month
E. It’s this experience of feeling close to art that allows pop-up museums to keep “popping up”
F. People want to have more interactive experiences instead of being kept a polite distance from exhibits
IV. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)
51. 不可否认，他在如此艰难处境下仍胸有成竹，这令我印象深刻。(impress)(汉译英)
52. 既然已经发现了问题，必须采取适当措施来解决。(identify) (汉译英)
53. 简而言之，尽管有一些复苏的迹象，但国内经济仍面临许多不稳定因素。(despite) (汉译英)
54. 这次活动的目的在于对学生的学术能力产生积极的影响，并提高他们的道德意识。(difference) (汉译英)
V. Summary Writing(每题10分;共10分)
55. SummaryWriting
Sociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization.Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.
The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.
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VI. Guided Writing(每题25分;共25分)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑假到当地实验小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据提示写给校评选组一封申请信。
要求：
1.对此活动的认识；
2.个人优势；
3.你的计划。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023学年第1学期高二年级英语12月调研考试试卷
I．Listening Comprehension(第1-10题，每题1分，第11-20题，每题1.5分;共25分)
Section A
1. A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s. C. In a hospital. D. At a gas station.
2. A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45.
3. A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital.
C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital.
4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form.
C. To go back to school. D. To take a vacation.
5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls.
C. His call got cut off. D. His mobile is too long.
6. A. They will meet Angela on the way. B. They will have an early start.
C. Angela is usually a latecomer. D. Angela may not come tomorrow.
7. A. He is a person of generosity. B. He is in charge of the department.
C. He is rather mean on money. D. He doesn’t get on well with colleagues.
8. A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter.
C. Shop assistant and customer. D. Boss and employee.
9. A. There are several Jacks in his class. B. Jack’s personality has changed greatly.
C. Jack had received training on debate. D. Jack was not likely to win the debate contest.
10. A. He was forced to go to the calligraphy exhibition.
B. He found no interest in the calligraphy exhibition.
C. He was poor at investing in exhibits of calligraphy.
D. Watching soap operas is his favorite recreation.
Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To encourage its people to retire later.
B. To import more goods from abroad.
C. To give its people additional social welfare.
D. To change the long-held Western prejudice.
12. A. Small companies. B. Industrialists. C. Trade unions. D. Young people.
13. A. They know how to spend money. B. They are forced out of their class.
C. The hold the same belief as the retired. D. They support their hardworking parents.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. There is a great difference between reading and listening.
B. There are some effective ways to practice your reading skill.
C. Highly educated and poorly educated people have different reading habits.
D. The speed and efficiency of reading greatly depend on contents and purposes.
15. A. They move very fast through the text. B. They vary their speed when reading.
C. They concentrate on the key words. D. They re-read the text at least twice.
16. A. Too slow for a difficult book though just right for a non-serious one.
B. Too slow for a non-serious book but too fast for a difficult one.
C. Too fast for difficult material though just right for a non-serious book.
D. Too fast for a non-serious book as well as for a difficult one.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17. A. In a studio. B. In a clothing store. C. At a fancy-dress ball. D. At a fashion show.
18. A. To stay for half a year. B. To live there for good.
C. To find a better job to support herself. D. To sell leather goods for a British company.
19. A. Designing fashion items for several companies.
B. Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.
C. Working as an employee for Ferragamo.
D. Serving as a sales agent for Burberry.
20. A. It has seen a steady decline in its profits.
B. It has become much more competitive.
C. It has lost many customers to foreign companies.
D. It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary(每题1分;共20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
You know that the business of business is making money. What you may not realize is ___1___simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients — a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will ___2___sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two —___3___(desire) product and competent people — good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.
You can’t expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company’s strengths ___4___the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees ___5___(perform) as well as they can. They won’t remain superb ___6___reliable leadership and, infact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment ___7___profits are skyrocketing, and business ___8___not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before ___9___(indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.
Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service ___10___keeps it in business year after year.
【答案】1. how 2. both
3. desired 4. even if
5. performing
6. without 7. when
8. could 9. indicates
10. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是商业的成功和失败的关系，企业经营和管理等方面的知识。
【1题详解】
考查感叹句。句意：你可能没有意识到这是多么简单的事情。“simple that business is”是感叹句，修饰形容词simple应用how，故填how。
【2题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：你需要两个基本要素——顾客想要拥有的好产品，以及聪明、有魅力的人，他们既会销售产品，也会在必要时捍卫产品。both...and...是固定短语，意为“既……又……”，因此空格处是both，故填both。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在期望得到的产品和有能力的人这两者中，从长远来看，优秀的人比优秀的产品更重要。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词product，根据语境可知，句子表示“在期望得到的产品和有能力的人这两者中，从长远来看，优秀的人比优秀的产品更重要”，空格处意为“期望得到的”，形容词是desired，故填desired。
【4题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：然而，你可以通过为你的企业配备优秀的员工来覆盖你的赌注，即使产品很弱，它们也会继续反映公司的优势。由“the products are weak”可知，句子表示“即使产品很弱，它们也会继续反映公司的优势”，空格处意为“即使”，是even if，引导让步状语从句，故填even if。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你有责任让这些员工表现得尽可能好。keep sb. doing是固定短语，意为“让某人一直做某事”，因此空格处是performing，故填performing。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：没有可靠的领导，他们不可能保持卓越，事实上，现在是解决这个问题的最佳时机。由“reliable leadership”可知，句子表示“没有可靠的领导，他们不可能保持卓越”，空格处意为“没有”，用介词without，故填without。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大多数成功的公司都有一个利润暴涨的决定性时刻，那时的生意好得不能再好了。空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词moment，关系词在从句中作时间状语，因此空格处用关系副词when引导，故填when。
【8题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：大多数成功的公司都有一个利润暴涨的决定性时刻，那时的生意好得不能再好了。由not be better可知，空格处用情态动词，根据“profits are skyrocketing”可知，句子表示“大多数成功的公司都有一个利润暴涨的决定性时刻，那时的生意好得不能再好了”，could not和比较级better连用表示最高级，因此空格处是could。故填could。
【9题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你赚的钱比以往任何时候都多，这表明你的产品很棒，但这并不一定意味着你的客户服务也一样。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“That you are earning more money than ever before”是主语从句，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数indicates。故填indicates。
【10题详解】
考查强调句。句意：尽管即使是像Radio Shack公司这样缓慢而稳定的巨头也经常会推出热门产品，但正是它的客户服务使它年复一年地保持经营。根据句意和it is可知，句子是强调句，结构是“it is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其他部分”，句中被强调的是“its customer service”，因此空格处用that，故填that。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adulthood B. betting C. alternative D. direct E. drown F. opting G. place H. tearing I. engage J. sense K. state
The post millennial generation best known as Gen Z — individuals now in their teens and early 20s — looked on as their parents lost jobs during the Great Recession. They’ve seen older millennial siblings ____11____ in student debt. Since they could eat solid food, they’ve watched on promising techonology displace another, and, along with older generations, have questioned everything from the gig economy to the ____12____ of democracy. Now they’re entering ____13____ with a willingness to experiment.
“The old systems we used to rely on aren’t working anymore, but new systems haven’t necessarily been put in ____14____,” says Melissa Lavigne-Delville, founder of the trends and research firm Culture Co-op, which specializes in generational attitudes. “Parents aren’t even sure about how to ____15____ their children, because too much is up in the air.”
According to a survey by her firm, 78% of Gen Z-ers say getting a four-year degree no longer makes economic ____16____, and hundreds of programs, from apprenticeships to boot camps, have cropped up to offer a(n) ____17____ path. New types of work are possible too. Research has found that teenagers are getting their driver’s licenses later and doing less traditional work-for-pay than previous generations. But while they might not be ____18____ tickets at the local cineplex, they may be starting a popular YouTube channel from their bedroom. Culture Co-op found that nearly 60% of Gen Z-ers, ages 13 to 22, say they are doing some form of freelancing. Dew, for one, didn’t have a job in high school but did teach himself to code and is building websites on the side while he attends MissionU.
Jumping into the freelance economy means taking an uncertain path, as is ____19____ one’s future earnings on an educational program no one has tried before. Almost $2 billion has been invested in “last mile training” efforts like MissionU, but many young people are still _____20_____ for college.
【答案】11. E 12. K
13. A 14. G
15. D 16. J
17. C 18. H
19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代当前的职业选择情况，相比较而言，这一代人更愿意去尝试，他们认为获得四年制学位在经济上不再是明智的，倾向于选择不同于传统的职业道路，有一些人会从事自由职业，但许多人仍然选择上大学。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们看到过年长的千禧一代的兄弟姐妹被学生债务淹没。分析句子可知，空处作宾语补足语，结合“in student debt”可推知，动词原形drown“淹没，淹死”符合题意，固定短语see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”，此处表示看见他们淹没在学生债务中。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：自从他们可以吃固体食物以来，他们看着一项有前景的技术取代另一项技术，并与年长的一代人一起质疑从零工经济到民主状态的一切。分析句子可知，空处作介词to的宾语，结合“of democracy”可推知，名词单数形式state“状态”符合题意，表示民主状态。故选K。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在他们带着尝试的意愿进入成年期。分析句子可知，空处作entering的宾语，结合上文描述Z世代的成长情况可推知，不可数名词adulthood“成年期”符合题意，表示进入成年期。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：专门研究代际态度的趋势研究公司Culture Co-op的创始人Melissa Lavigne-Delville说：“我们过去依赖的旧体系已经不再适用，但新体系也不一定已经就位。”分析句子可知，空处作in的宾语，结合“The old systems we used to rely on aren’t working anymore”可推知，名词place“位置，地方”符合题意，固定短语in place意为“准备就绪的”，此处表示新体系也不一定已经就位。故选G。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：“父母甚至不确定如何指导孩子，因为有太多悬而未决事情。”分析句子可知，此处使用“疑问词+不定式”的结构，结合“Parents”和“their children”可推知，动词原形direct“指导”符合题意，表示不确定如何指导孩子。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据她的公司的一项调查，78%的Z世代表示，获得四年制学位在经济上不再是明智的，从学徒到新兵训练营等数百个项目涌现出来，提供了可供替代的道路。分析句子可知，空处作makes的宾语，结合此处描述Z世代的想法可推知，名词sense“意义”符合题意，固定短语make sense意为“是明智的，合乎情理”，表示在经济上不再是明智的。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据她的公司的一项调查，78%的Z世代表示，获得四年制学位在经济上不再是明智的，从学徒到新兵训练营等数百个项目涌现出来，提供了可供替代的道路。分析句子可知，空处作修饰path的定语，结合“hundreds of programs, from apprenticeships to boot camps, have cropped up”可推知，形容词alternative“可供替代的”符合题意，表示这些项目提供了可供替代的道路。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是，虽然他们可能不会在当地多放映厅电影院撕票（从事售票员或查票员的工作），但他们可能会在卧室里开设一个受欢迎的YouTube频道。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，且空前有be动词，结合“tickets at the local cineplex”可推知，动词现在分词形式tearing“撕掉”符合题意，表示在当地多放映厅电影院撕票（从事售票员或查票员的工作）。故选H。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：进入自由职业经济意味着走上一条不确定的道路，就像把自己未来的收入押在一个从未有人尝试过的教育项目上一样。分析句子可知，空处作从句的谓语，且空前有be动词，结合“one’s future earnings on an educational program”可推知，动词现在分词形式betting“下赌注”符合题意，固定短语bet sth. on sth.意为“把……赌在……上”，表示把自己未来的收入押在一个结果未知的项目上。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：像MissionU这样的“最后一英里培训”项目已经投入了近20亿美元，但许多年轻人仍然选择上大学。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，且空前有be动词，结合“for college”可推知，动词现在分词形式opting“选择”符合题意，固定短语opt for意为“选择”，表示选择上大学。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(每题1分;共15分)
How Facebook Programmed Our Relatives
Three years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____21____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____22____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ____23____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____24____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.
A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____25____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____26____
Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!
That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____27____ that most people respond ____28____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.
Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____29____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____30____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____31____ to the click of a button.
Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____32____ behavior, is it even meaningful As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ____33____ they exact over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____34____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.
Digital platforms are ____35____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research ourselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards—but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.
21. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing
22. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting
23. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly
24. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered
25. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange
26. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake
27. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan
28. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively
29. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise
30. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors
31. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted
32. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. benefited
33. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills
34. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all
35. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retaining
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着信息技术的发展，人们发送祝福只需要点击按钮就能进行，虽然你可以享受朋友们送上的温馨问候，但是这种行为已经变得程序化，因此可能你会觉得不是那么的快乐。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是收件箱里面充满了Facebook的通知，它们显示朋友们在他的信息墙上发了消息。A. requiring 需要；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. indicating表明，显示；D. summarizing总结，概述。根据“friends had posted messages on his wall. ”可知，收件箱里的通知表明了这位法学教授的朋友给他发了消息。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被屏蔽的收件箱非常令人讨厌，但真正让他不快的是，他一开始就向Facebook透露了自己的出生日期。A. annoying令人不快的；B. embarrassing 令人尴尬的；C. frustrating 令人沮丧的；D. exciting 令人激动的。由下文的“really upset”可知，他对被屏蔽的收件箱已经不满意了。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些人错误地认为，社交网络没有必要遵守隐私法规。A. hardly 几乎不；B. passionately 热情地；C. mistakenly错误地；D. slowly 缓慢地。由常识可知，个人的隐私是需要被保护的，所以有些人认为社交媒体没有必要遵守隐私法律，这是错误的看法。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他听从了Facebook 的指示，输入了数据并点击了按钮。A. lacked 缺乏；B. suspended 暂停；C. obeyed遵守；D. offered 提供。根据“entered the data and clicked a button.”可知，面对电子协议，用户没有协商的余地，因此他只能遵守相应的条款。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，这位法学教授决定更改他在Facebook个人资料上的出生日期，以避免明年出现同样的情况。A. accept 接受；B. avoid避免；C. analyze 分析；D. arrange整理，安排。根据“A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date”可知，为了不让之前使他生气的情况出现，他改变了实际的出生日期，为了避免那样的情况再次发生。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她怎么会没有意识到那个日期是假的？A. significant 重要的；B. definite 明确的；C. correct正确的；D. fake假的。他的出生日期已经被改变了，那不是真实的出生日期了，选择fake是正确的，这属于同词复现，fake在上面已经出现了。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位法学教授就是我们中的一员，这件事证实了他的怀疑，即大多数人都会无意识地回复Facebook的提示，即他们并没有认真思考过此事就提供信息或联系朋友。A. doubt怀疑，质疑；B. appointment 任命，约会；C. statement 声明；D. plan 计划。前面是这位法学教授的一种质疑，因为在真正的生日那天他已经和亲戚沟通过，那为什么他的亲戚还不知道他改过的生日日期是假的？故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位法学教授就是我们中的一员，这也证实了他的怀疑：大多数人都会无意识地回复Facebook的提示，他们并没有认真思考过此事就提供信息或联系朋友。A. cautiously小心地；B. positively积极地；C. automatically无意识地；D. aggressively冒犯地。后面提到很多人没有认真考虑电子提示信息就去联系朋友或者提供信息，这是一种不经过大脑控制的行为。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，至今为止，研究人员还没有充分探索出这些平台在多大程度上对人类的反应进行了规划。A. thus 因此；B. however 然而；C. moreover 此外；D. otherwise 否则。上文提到：社交媒体在现代生活中发挥着巨大的作用。Facebook、LinkedIn 和Twitter已经成为与朋友、家人、同学和同事保持联系的主要方式。下文提到：至今为止，研究人员还没有充分探索出这些平台在多大程度上对人类的反应进行了规划。看得出上下文是转折关系。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体平台对一系列的社会行为进行编码，例如Facebook会通知我们去祝贺朋友们生日快乐，LinkedIn 会提醒我们祝贺他们的工作周年纪念日。A. reforms 改革；B. problems问题；C. issues 问题，（报刊的）期；D. behaviors 行为。后文是在具体举出社交行为的例子，即Facebook会通知我们去祝贺朋友们生日快乐，LinkedIn 会提醒我们祝贺他们的工作周年纪念日。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果是社交互动常常被简化为按钮的点击。A. adapted改编；B. reduced减少；C. committed承诺；D. admitted承认，允许进入。庆祝别人的生日，只需要点击按钮就可以发送祝福，因此社交互动已经简化为通过点击按钮来进行了，be reduced to：沦为，减少到，简化为。故选B项。
32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是如果它变成了程序化的行为，那它还有意义吗？A. suspected受到怀疑的；B. accepted被接受的；C. programmed程序化的；D benefited受益的。根据标题“How Facebook Programmed Our Relatives”人们彼此之间的沟通和联系，是因为电子信息在提示，而不是想起对方，因此只是靠点击按钮来进行沟通和交流，这种行为已经变得程序化。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有用Facebook的或者没有公开发布出生日期的人来说，他们对自己数据的控制是要付出代价的：他们失去了很多从遥远的联系人那里得到美好祝福的机会。A. control控制；B. judgments判断； C. influence影响；D. skills技巧。对于不使用Facebook的人或者是不公开生日的人而言，这样控制自己的个人数据信息也让自己付出了代价：他们得不到别人的祝福。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，被想起仍然是很好的，即使只是一年一次。A. In return作为报答；B. In addition另外；C. For example例如；D. After all毕竟。相对于不使用Facebook的人或者是不公开生日的人无法得到别人的祝福而言，这种程序化的行为还是好的，毕竟还有人在想起你。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：数字平台正在塑造作为人的意义所在，我们不能依靠这些平台来监管或研究自己。A. enriching使富足；B. examining检查；C. shaping塑造；D. retaining保留。下文提到，我们不能依靠数字平台来监管和研究我们自己，否则，人就会处于被社交平台来塑造的境遇中。故选C项。
Section B(每题2分;共22分)
A
I’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.
The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it
These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless Or do they not know Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.
The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference
Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”
Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.
Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.
Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.
An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.
Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.
36. The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.
A. the employees are proud of their company
B. to err is human
C. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of language
D. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language
37. According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.
A. use the former B. use the latter
C. ask the author for advice D. turn to Microsoft Word
38. The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.
A. consult B. follow
C. object D. yield
39. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with
A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.
B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limited vocabulary.
C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.
D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者阐述了现在在美国很多人的写作能力很差，如今，在简历、求职信、网站、标牌、电子邮件上看到了明显的语法错误。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段（高管人员没有发现公司员工衬衫上的语言错误）和第五段（高管自己书写都有错误）的内容可知，这些高管人员自己都没有发现错误，由此可推断出，不是说职位高语言运用就准确，故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”可知，当人们分不清“it’s” or “its” 时，会使用前者，故选A。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文提到语法检查器不会帮助你，除非你有一个基本的语法理解开始，可知，此句句意为：事实上，如果你听从语法检查人员的建议，你可能会增加错误的数量。A. consult 咨询；B. follow 跟随；C. object反对；D. yield屈服。yield to屈服，顺从。结合四个选项，故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. 如今，我在简历、求职信、网站、标牌、电子邮件上看到了明显的语法错误，不管你的管理技能或收入水平如何，由此可推测出，作者认为可能老师们也会使用不正确的语言，故选C。
B
USING YOUR GOLDEN ARROW MULTIPURPOSE CALCULATOR TO DETERMINE THE DATE AND TIME AT YOUR LOCATION AS WELL AS LOCATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE SEETING THE DATE AND TIME FOR YOUR LOCATION
Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate code that corresponds with the time zone in which you live. Select the major city that shares your time zone. Press the code that corresponds to that city (e.g. ,if you live in Washington ,Oregon California, or Nevada, all of which are located in the Pacific time zone, you would choose Los Angeles and press the corresponding code which is the 1 key).
1. Press TIME twice. The two digits representing hours will begin to flash.
2. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired hour flashes. Then release.
3. Press SET. The two digits representing minutes will begin to flash.
4. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until the desired minute fleshes. Then release.
5. Press SET. The two digits representing seconds will begin to flash.
6. Depress and hold the ▲or▼ key until 00 flashes. The release.
7. Press SET. To set the year, month, and day press DATE three times. Then repeat steps 2 through 7.
NOTE: At this point, hour ,minutes and seconds will change to year, month, and day.
DETERMINAING DATE AND TIME FOR THE WORLD’S16 TIME ZONES
1.PRESS ZONE TWICE.
2. Use the TIME ZONE chart below to locate the code that corresponds to the time zone for which you desire the date and time. Press that code (e.g., press = to determine the date and time in Hong Kong). The selected date and time will alternately display for 10 seconds and then return automatically to your home date and time.
CODE CITY TIME
0 Honolulu -10
1 Los Angeles -8
2 Denver -7
3 Chicago -6
4 New York -5
5 Rio de Janeiro -3
6 London 0
7 Paris +1
CODE CITY TIME
8 Cairo +2
9 Moscow +3
+ Karachi +5
- Bangkok +7
= Hong Kong +8
* Tokyo +9
/ Sydney +10
# Wellington +12
40. This article serves to explain how to ________.
A. press the or keys to adjust time
B. determine the time zone around the world
C. set global locations to find Pacific time zone
D. use the calculator to display time, date and location
41. If you are at a net meeting in London at 9 a.m., what time is it for your colleagues in Japan
A. 9 p.m.. B. 6 p.m.. C. 11 a.m.. D. 8 a.m..
42. What sequence of steps would you follow to check the time in Moscow
A. Press ZONE twice. Press 9.
B. Press ZONE twice. Press+3.
C. Press ZONE twice. Press 9.Press+3.
D. Press ZONE twice. Press 9 three times.
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。通过表格介绍了使用计算器定位与所在国家时区相对应日期/时间和代码。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据USING YOUR GOLDEN ARROW MULTIPURPOSE CALCULATOR TO DETERMINE THE DATE AND TIME AT YOUR LOCATION AS WELL AS LOCATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE SEETING THE DATE AND TIME FOR YOUR LOCATION得知，本文通过表格介绍了定位与所在国家时区相对应的日期/时间和代码。故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据图表得知英国时差是0，日本时差是+9，上午9点加9小时是18点，也就是下午6点。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据DETERMINAING DATE AND TIME FOR THE WORLD’S16 TIME ZONES1.PRESS ZONE TWICE.和题干的Moscow结合图表
9 Moscow +3
得知，按ZONE两次，再按代码9，核实莫斯科的时间。故选A。
【点睛】阅读理解所设试题主要考查细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干，标出关键词（组），带着问题去阅读，能够做到心中有数，目的明确；然后再仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握细节信息，并标出能得出答案的有效信息。如第3小题What sequence of steps would you follow to check the time in Moscow 题干要求回答在查莫斯科时区是要遵守的步骤，题干关键词为in Moscow ，那么我们在第二表格中
9 Moscow +3
能找到对应点，于是我们知道了，答案是A。在这里提醒同学们，在做阅读理解题时，一定要细心，这样才能准确找到正确答案。
C
Progressives often support diversity missions as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender equality” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas (配额). If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.
The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which clearly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.
The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.
But are such government mandates even necessary Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what
The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.
Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt ”phenomenon, where the same elite women occupy multiple seats on a variety of boards.
Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.
43. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will __________.
A. help little to reduce gender bias.
B pose a threat to the state government.
C. raise women’s position in politics.
D. greatly broaden career options.
44. ________ has a part to play in enabling the “brute force” approach to gradually bear fruit
A. the harm from absolute board decision.
B. the importance of constitutional guarantees.
C. the pressure on women in global corporations.
D. the needlessness of government interventions.
45. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to __________.
A. the underestimation of elite women’s role
B. the objection to female participation on boards.
C. the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.
D. the growing tension between labor and management.
46. Which of the following can be inferred from the text
A. Women’s need in employment should be considered.
B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy making.
C. Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.
D. Major social issues should be the focus of the government.
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了美国的某些法案只对有特权的人有利，而可行性才应该是制定政策时首要考虑的问题。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas (配额).(哈达德和刘易斯担心，超过一半的州政府董事会的女性比例不到40%。为了确保精英女性有更多这样的机会，他们提议实行政府配额)”以及最后一段“Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.(下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式来推行时，请记住，这种政策在很大程度上是一种自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助者感觉良好，但对普通女性几乎没有帮助)”可知，他们提出的法案对减少性别偏见帮助不大。故选A项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段“The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.(在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的女性人数一直在稳步增长。根据Catalyst的一项研究，2010年至2015年间，全球企业董事会中女性的比例增加了54%)”可知，没有政府的干预，反而取得了成果。故选D项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八段“Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.(要求公司将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，将不可避免地导致私营部门董事会经验不足。这正是挪威在全国范围内实行企业性别配额时所发生的情况)”以及倒数第二段“Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt ”phenomenon, where the same elite women occupy multiple seats on a variety of boards.(爱丽丝 李(Alice Lee)在《新共和》(The New Republic)杂志上撰文指出，增加董事会成员的机会，却没有增加合格女性的数量，导致了“金裙子”现象，即相同的精英女性在不同的董事会中占据了多个席位)”可知，挪威通过了全国性的企业性别配额，导致不合格的候选人进入董事会。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.(下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式来推行时，请记住，这种政策在很大程度上是一种自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助者感觉良好，但对普通女性几乎没有帮助)”可推知，可行性应该是制定政策时首要考虑的问题。故选B项。
Section C(每题2分;共8分)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blanks with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Emergence of Pop-up Museums
None of the major traditional museums seemed to see it as a threat when the Museum of Ice Cream opened in New York in 2016. ____47____.
However, as more of these pop-up museums started showing up over the next two years, they seemed to become a trend that should have been taken more seriously. And the latest member to join this list is the Museum of Pizza, set to open in New York this October for two weeks.
It seems that museums are no longer just places to “see” art. ____48____. At the Museum of Ice Cream, for example, which is currently located in the US city of Miami, visitors can jump into a pool of plastic sprinkles. And at the upcoming Museum of Pizza, people will be able to lie on a “pizza beach”, where they can experience a “wave of cheese”.
“Not only are visitors taking pictures of art, but they are taking pictures of themselves within these spaces,” Jia Jia Fei, a director at the Jewish Museum of New York, said in a TED Talk. “In the pre-digital photography era, the message was: This is what I’m seeing. Today, the message is: ____49____.”
This immersive (沉浸式的) experience that pop-up museums provide also allows visitors to get away from their real life—even just for a short period of time—and enter a fantasy world.
For example, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama took her exhibition “Infinity Mirrors” to Washington, US in 2016. It attracted a large number of visitors who were willing to stand in line for hours just to visit each of the six mirrored rooms for just 30 seconds. ____50____.
“I felt an unexpected calm,” wrote Baltimore City Paper reporter Maura Callahan after spending 30 seconds in one of the rooms. “Something about the vastness of the illusion rubbing up against the actuality of being confined to a box was comforting.”
A. I came, I saw, and I selfied
B. Pop-up museums remain open—at least for now
C. However, the long wait seemed to have been worth it
D. After all, as a “pop-up museum”, it only stayed open there for a month
E. It’s this experience of feeling close to art that allows pop-up museums to keep “popping up”
F. People want to have more interactive experiences instead of being kept a polite distance from exhibits
【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今一种快闪博物馆的出现，让博物馆成为不仅仅是人们看艺术的地方，人们还可以进入到其中体验艺术。文章列举了类似的快闪博物馆以及人们对此的看法。
【47题详解】
根据上文“None of the major traditional museums seemed to see it as a threat when the Museum of Ice Cream opened in New York in 2016.( 2016年，冰淇淋博物馆在纽约开馆时，似乎没有一家大型传统博物馆将其视为威胁)”可知，上文提到没有大型博物馆把冰淇淋博物馆视为威胁，可知本句承接上文，进一步说明原因，D选项中it指代上文Museum of Ice Cream。故D选项“毕竟，作为一个‘快闪博物馆’，它只在那里开放了一个月”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据上文“It seems that museums are no longer just places to “see” art.(博物馆似乎不再仅仅是“看”艺术的地方)”以及后文“At the Museum of Ice Cream, for example, which is currently located in the US city of Miami, visitors can jump into a pool of plastic sprinkles. And at the upcoming Museum of Pizza, people will be able to lie on a “pizza beach”, where they can experience a “wave of cheese”.(例如，在美国迈阿密市的冰淇淋博物馆，游客可以跳进一个装满塑料屑的水池。在即将开幕的披萨博物馆，人们可以躺在“披萨海滩”上，体验“奶酪浪潮”)”可知，上文提到博物馆不再是一个只能看艺术品的地方了，后文则提到人们在冰淇淋博物馆可以在展品上活动，可推知人们想要和艺术有更多的互动体验。故F选项“人们想要有更多的互动体验，而不是与展品保持礼貌的距离”符合语境，故选F。
【49题详解】
根据上文““Not only are visitors taking pictures of art, but they are taking pictures of themselves within these spaces,” Jia Jia Fei, a director at the Jewish Museum of New York, said in a TED Talk. “In the pre-digital photography era, the message was: This is what I’m seeing. Today, the message is:(纽约犹太博物馆馆长费佳佳在一场TED演讲中表示：“游客们不仅给艺术拍照，他们也拍下了自己与这些空间的合影。在数码摄影时代之前，照片传递的信息是：这就是我所看到的。今天，我们要传达的信息是……)”可知，上文提到了游客拍下自己在博物馆中的样子，即“自拍”，且将过去与现在相对比，本句是在说明如今人们在博物馆里拍下的照片要传达的信息，不仅是他们去看了艺术，还和艺术自拍了。故A选项“我来了，看了，还自拍了”符合语境，故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文“It attracted a large number of visitors who were willing to stand in line for hours just to visit each of the six mirrored rooms for just 30 seconds.(该展览吸引了大量游客，他们愿意排队数小时，只为获得参观六间镜屋的30秒时间)”以及下一段““I felt an unexpected calm,” wrote Baltimore City Paper reporter Maura Callahan after spending 30 seconds in one of the rooms. “Something about the vastness of the illusion rubbing up against the actuality of being confined to a box was comforting.”(巴尔的摩城市报记者莫拉·卡拉汉在一个房间里待了30秒后写道：“我感到一种意想不到的平静，巨大的幻觉与被限制在盒子里的现实相碰撞，这种感觉很舒服。”)”可知，上文提到游客看展览要等很长时间，后文则提到看了展览后的人感觉舒服，可知这种漫长的等待是值得的。故C选项“然而，漫长的等待似乎是值得的”符合语境，故选C。
IV. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)
51. 不可否认，他在如此艰难处境下仍胸有成竹，这令我印象深刻。(impress)(汉译英)
【答案】There is no denying (the fact) that he impressed me with his confidence in such a rough situation. /There is no denying that I was impressed by his confidence in such a rough situation.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。“不可否认”使用固定句型There is no denying (the fact) that，that引导同位语从句，“某事令某人印象深刻”使用动词短语impress sb with sth，“胸有成竹”使用不可数名词confidence，“在如此艰难处境下”译为介词短语in such a rough situation，从句是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故翻译为：There is no denying (the fact) that he impressed me with his confidence in such a rough situation. /There is no denying that I was impressed by his confidence in such a rough situation.。
52. 既然已经发现了问题，必须采取适当措施来解决。(identify) (汉译英)
【答案】Since the problem has been identified, appropriate measures must be taken to solve it.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句，语态和非谓语。根据所给中文句子，本句可用since引导的原因状语从句，“既然已经发现了问题”为从句，since意为“既然”，“问题”作主语，译为“the problem”，“已经发现了”作谓语，根据题干需用identify，和主语是被动关系，用被动语态，根据“已经”可知用现在完成时，主语是单数，译为“has been identified”，“必须采取适当措施来解决”作主句，“适当措施”作主语，译为“appropriate measures”，“必须采取”作谓语，和主语是被动关系，意为“must be taken”，“来解决”表目的，用不定式作目的状语，译为“to solve it”。故译为：Since the problem has been identified, appropriate measures must be taken to solve it.
53. 简而言之，尽管有一些复苏的迹象，但国内经济仍面临许多不稳定因素。(despite) (汉译英)
【答案】In short, despite some signs of recovery, the domestic economy still faces many unstable factors.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，介词和时态。根据所给中文句子，“简而言之”为固定搭配：in short，“尽管有一些复苏的迹象”根据题干要求，需用介词despite，所以应是介词后接名词短语作让步状语，译为“despite some signs of recovery”，“但国内经济仍面临许多不稳定因素”为句子主体，“国内经济”作主语，译为“domestic economy”，“仍面临”作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，译为“still faces”，“许多不稳定因素”作宾语，译为“many unstable factors”。故译为：In short, despite some signs of recovery, the domestic economy still faces many unstable factors.
54. 这次活动的目的在于对学生的学术能力产生积极的影响，并提高他们的道德意识。(difference) (汉译英)
【答案】The purpose of this activity is to make a positive difference to students’ academic abilities and improve their moral awareness.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。分析所给中文提示词，“目的”作主语，译为“the purpose”，“这次活动的”应用of短语作后置定语，译为“of this activity”，“在于”作谓语，用be动词，没有明显时间词，用一般现在时即可，用“is”，“对学生产生积极的影响”根据题干要求，需用difference，所以是固定搭配：make a difference to意为“对……有影响”，此处作表语，用不定式形式，译为“to make a positive difference to”，“学生的学术能力”译为“students’ academic abilities”，“并提高他们的道德意识”译为“and improve their moral awareness”。故译为：The purpose of this activity is to make a positive difference to students’ academic abilities and improve their moral awareness.
V. Summary Writing(每题10分;共10分)
55. SummaryWriting
Sociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization.Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.
The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.
It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.
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【答案】According to sociologists, larger organizations may function poorly for lack of free flow of information. To solve this problem, we can divide them into smaller groups and encourage individuals to communicate casually and directly.The removal of a coffee room is a typical example, showing how important close social networks are to a company’s smooth operation.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。社会学家早就认识到，只有不到200人的组织可以通过成员之间的信息自由流动来运作。一旦它们的规模超出了这个数字，这些组织就变得不那么灵活了。因此，似乎有必要防止沟通失败导致的完全混乱。文章介绍了解决这个问题的方法。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Sociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible.
②One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.
③The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station.
④when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
According to sociologists, larger organizations may function poorly for lack of free flow of information. To solve this problem, we can divide them into smaller groups and encourage individuals to communicate casually and directly.The removal of a coffee room is a typical example, showing how important close social networks are to a company’s smooth operation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] To solve this problem, we can divide them into smaller groups and encourage individuals to communicate casually and directly.动词不定式在句中做目的状语和宾语补足语；
[高分句型2] The removal of a coffee room is a typical example, showing how important close social networks are to a company’s smooth operation.句中使用现在分词做伴随状语。
VI. Guided Writing(每题25分;共25分)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑假到当地实验小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据提示写给校评选组一封申请信。
要求：
1.对此活动认识；
2.个人优势；
3.你的计划。
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【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua from class one, senior two. I am writing to apply for the opportunity to help the students in Shiyan School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation. Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along well with the students. I long for participating this activity because after class activities are an integral part of school life. By going in for such activities, I can learn what I cannot learn from books, which will be beneficial to me in the future.
I’m upbeat, easy-going and always ready to help others. English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests. So I think that I am qualified for the position.
I plan to communicate with students first to know what they need. Besides, I’ll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories, singing songs, playing games and so on. Except teaching those students words or grammar literally, I will start share English news with them and read Hamlet to interest them about the charisma of language rather than improve their English scores merely.
I’d appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校评选组一封申请信，申请到当地实验小学为学生辅导英语。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：chance→opportunity
提高：promote→improve
渴望：yearn for→long for
计划做某事：intend to do sth→plan to do sth
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests. So I think that I am qualified for the position.
拓展句：I think that I am qualified for the position because English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I long for participating this activity because after class activities are an integral part of school life. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] By going in for such activities, I can learn what I cannot learn from books, which will be beneficial to me in the future. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
