济宁市第一中学
2023-2024学年度第一学期教学质量检测（三）
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 回答非选择题时，必须使用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔书写，按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸，试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the woman meet her cousin
A. Tomorrow evening. B. Tomorrow morning. C. This afternoon.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Gwen came back from Shanghai last night. Let’s hang out with her this afternoon!
W: Sorry, I have to visit my cousin then. I won’t be back until tomorrow morning.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man’s feeling in the end
A. Surprise. B. Sympathy. C. Relief.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Lucy broke up with Cosmo!
M: No way! They love each other.
W: It's true. Lucy told me that herself. She said Cosmo offered to break up with her.
M: Oh, poor Lucy. She had always longed to marry Cosmo.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place
A. At a perfume shop. B. At a flower shop. C. At a fruit shop.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Welcome to our shop, ma’am. What kind of perfume do you like
W: I prefer something that smells sweet and clean.
M: How about this one It has a smell of roses. And this brand of cherry perfume is also popular.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was probably going on in the playground yesterday afternoon
A. A barbecue. B. A school sports meeting. C. A graduation ceremony.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you go to the playground yesterday afternoon
M: No, I was having a barbecue with my friends then. Was there anything special
W: Yes. The speech delivered by our headmaster touched every graduate deeply.
M: After all, their college life is coming to an end.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will Carl do
A. Buy some steak. B. Cook dinner. C. Bring some wine.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Ann. This is Carl. What are you doing
W: I’m cooking some steak. Would you like to come over for dinner, Carl
M: Why not Then I’ll bring a bottle of red wine.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How does Alina look to the man
A. Upset. B. Curious. C. Delighted.
7. Who picked up Alina's purse
A. A little girl. B. An old lady. C. A boy.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Alina, I heard you got fired. I thought you’d be upset, but it’s actually the opposite.
W: I was really sad at first. As I sat on a park bench and cried, a little girl handed me a rose and her grandmother comforted me.
M: They were so kind.
W: Yeah. On my way home, a boy picked up my purse and returned it to me. I felt like I was surrounded kindness. All the bad moods were gone. I’m sure I'll get a job soon.
M: I’m glad to hear that.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Which apartment is the man looking for
A. Apartment 12. B. Apartment 20. C. Apartment 24.
9. What does the woman plan to do
A Order some food. B. Go to a grocery store. C. Mail a letter.
10. Why is the woman thinking about moving out of the neighborhood
A. Her family is unhappy to live here. B. It's inconvenient for her to go to work.
C. There's no supermarket nearby.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, I'm delivering food. Could you tell me how to get to Apartment 20
W: This is Apartment 12. The building you are heading for is behind Apartment 24, near the west gate. I am going to post a letter. We can go together.
M: Great. This is a really pretty neighborhood.
W: Yes, it surely is. And it's very convenient to buy groceries with several supermarkets around. But I'm considering moving. My husband thinks it's too crowded in the day and my children think it's a little noisy in the evening.
M: As the saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.”
W: Yeah. Anyway, this is Apartment 20.
M: Thank you so much.
W: You are welcome.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. When will the woman’s flight arrive in Shanghai
A. At 7: 00 p. m. B. At 4: 00 p. m. C. At 2: 00 p. m.
12. What does the man advise the woman to do on the plane
A. Get some sleep. B. Do some reading. C. Watch short videos.
13. How might the woman go to her hotel
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By subway.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】W: My flight is leaving at 4: 00 p. m., isn’t it
M: No, it will leave at 2: 00 p. m. and reach Shanghai at 7: 00 p. m.
W: Really Then I don’t have much time to prepare.
M: Don’t worry. I’ve ordered a taxi for you.
W: You are so sweet. But honestly, I’m not used to long journeys. I have nothing to do but watch short videos on my phone or get some sleep.
M: 5 hours is not very long. You can read magazines. I’m just worried it will get a little dark when you get there. How can you get to your hotel
W: That won’t be a problem. It’s always convenient to take the underground.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What is the man doing
A. Hosting a program. B. Chairing a meeting. C. Signing up for a course.
15. What did the woman’s parents grow in their gardens
A. Potatoes and watermelons. B. Potatoes and tomatoes. C. Carrots and tomatoes.
16. What can the children do in the Alice Waters Garden Project
A. Create recipes. B. Design a garden. C. Help build a kitchen.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, welcome to this week’s Meeting Artists. Our guest today is Mildred Howard. She will talk about her story with gardens. Welcome, Mrs. Howard.
W: Thank you. To begin with, I’d like to share my childhood memories. Well, my parents had gardens. So I could always pick fresh tomatoes, pull out carrots and taste sweet watermelons.
M: Interesting! Many kids don’t know where food comes from.
W: That’s why I started the Alice Waters Garden Project
M: Can you tell us something about it For example, how does it work
W: We design and build a 5-acre garden first. The kids, mainly aged from 7 to 12, work in the garden with their hands in the dirt. Then they take what they’ve grown to the kitchen and spend time cooking and developing recipes. This is the way they learn something about teamwork, creativity, and most importantly where the food they eat every day comes from.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where was the name Liam most popular in America
A. On the west coast. B. In the Midwest. C. In the southeastern area.
18. What was the most popular name for American girls five years in a row
A. Emma. B. Ava. C. Katrina.
19. Who is Jonah Berger
A. A marketing manager. B. A social worker. C. A teacher.
20. Which American names became popular in 2005 according to Jonah Berger
A. Ones starting with K. B. Ones starting with H. C. Ones starting with N.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】M: What is in a name For many people, their names often point towards their culture. Recently. the Social Security Administration released a list of the most popular US baby names. “Emma” was the most popular name in states on the west coast, while “Liam” was the top choice in the Midwest. But in the southeastern area of the country, parents were more likely to name a boy “William” while “Ava” was a popular name for girls. And “Liam” has been at the top of the list for boys in the past two years. “Emma” was the most popular name for girls for the fifth year in a row. Jonah Berger is a marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvania. He found that names starting with K became popular after Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, Louisiana in 2005. Americans heard the name of the storm in the news so often that it became familiar and appealing.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A hearing aid is a small electronic device you wear in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a microphone, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker. There are three styles of hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by people of all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit completely inside the outer ear. Some ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecoil that allows users to receive sound through the circuitry of the hearing aid, rather than through its microphone.
Canal aids fit into the ear canal and are available in two styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made to fit the size and shape of the ear pletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is also a key consideration. However, just because one hearing aid is more expensive than another does not necessarily mean that it will better suit your needs. Other features to consider include parts or services covered by the guarantee, estimated costs for repair, and the hearing aid company’s reputation for quality and service.
For more information, contact: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov .
21. What helps strengthen the power of electrical signals in a hearing aid
A. The microphone. B. The amplifier.
C. The speaker. D. The telecoil.
22. If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal open, you can choose______ .
A. “Mini” BTE B. In-the-ear aids
C. In-the-canal aids D. Completely-in-canal aids
23. To buy a suitable hearing aid, you should______ .
A. increase your estimated costs B. find the one with more features
C. give in to the after-sale services D. consider your needs and lifestyle
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canal aids）以及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini” BTE。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。
B
Elon Musk is a businessman, inventor and engineer and is undoubtedly, one of the leading figures in the world of technology. Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1971. At the age of 12, he taught himself how to programme computers. He was accepted to university in the United States where he completed a degree in Arts. After this, he started a PhD in physics at Stanford University. However, he dropped out to pursue his interest in startups and technology.
He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company. In 2001 Musk began meeting with scientists to discuss the possibility of human habitation on Mars. Using his own fortune, Musk founded his company that designs rockets and space vehicles. It was the first privately owned company to do so. In 2012, the rockets made by the company docked with the International Space Station. Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable.
Another one of Musk’s innovations is the electric car. Musk started a company and became the CEO in 2008. The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system. The cars made by Musk’s company are designed to end the dependence on fossil fuels and so reduce the negative effects of climate change and air pollution from cars.
Why does Musk devote himself to such innovations By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere. On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.
24. What can we learn about Musk
A. He learnt computer programmes from his teacher at 12.
B. He graduated from Stanford University with a degree in physics.
C. He received government support to found the space company.
D. He named his company after a well-known scientist.
25. According to the author, what event was historic in Musk’s career
A. Getting achievements in arts.
B. Founding an online payment site.
C. Receiving contracts from NASA.
D. Becoming CEO of two companies.
26. What is Musk’s motivation for his innovations
A. To expand human reach and protect the earth.
B. To stimulate people’s curiosity about space.
C. To realize his dream of becoming a leading figure.
D. To make more profit and set up more companies.
27. Which of the following best describes Musk
A. Gifted and humorous. B. Curious and honest.
C. Generous and considerate. D. Creative and responsible.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是商人、发明家以及工程师Elon Musk成功背后的故事，尽管早年从斯坦福辍学，但是他勇于追求自己喜爱的事物，成为了两大公司的总裁，并以自己的两大设计：火箭和电动汽车成为21世纪的先驱。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system.(该公司以塞尔维亚裔美国发明家和物理学家Nicolai Tesla的名字命名，他以设计交流电气系统而闻名。)”可知，Musk以一位著名科学家的名字命名他的公司。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable.(Musk还获得了美国宇航局的合同，从而创造了历史，证明了商业太空探索的概念是可能的，也是负担得起的。)”可知，在Musk的职业生涯中接受NASA的合同是历史性的，故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere. On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.(通过创造探索新行星的机会，Musk认为，如果地球上发生重大灾难，人类将有可能在其他地方继续生存。在地球上，Musk的发明旨在寻找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，Musk创新的动机是扩大人类所能及的范围，保护地球。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company.(他创立了一个在线支付网站，最终成为一家全球性公司。)”和第三段的“Another one of Musk’s innovations is the electric car.(Musk的另一项创新是电动汽车。)”可知，Musk是有创造力的；根据最后一段的“On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.(在地球上，马斯克的发明旨在寻找可再生、环保的解决方案，以应对全球人口不断增长的挑战。)”可知，他保护地球，是负责任的，因此用creative(有创造力的)和responsible(负责的)来描述Musk。故选D。
C
Can humans really understand what animals are saying, or are we just barking up the wrong tree
“Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights. Beyond creating chatbots that charm people, machine learning may soon make it possible to decode (解码) animal calls,” says Raskin, co-founder of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have “conversations” with animals. Its team is collecting diverse data from various species and building machine-learning models for analysis. Project CETI (鲸类动物翻译计划) focuses on understanding a particular species, in this case the sperm whale.
Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale.
As tech advances, the door has been opened to using machine learning to decode unfamiliar languages. It’s found that AI tools have practical value beyond research. Translating animal sounds aids endangered species. Scientists study caged birds’ calls to grasp sound changes, explaining difficulties in reintroduction. Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions. Raskin’s AI model translates dogs’ expressions, revealing their surprising capabilities to owners. Additionally, it helps predict pig emotions based on their sounds, enhancing animal welfare. Advancements deepen our understanding of animals.
Now enthusiastic scientists are committed to open-source data and model sharing. “Every time you invent a technology, you also invent a responsibility,” Raskin says. “Designing a ‘whale chatbot’ demands we imagine an animal’s experience. The true value of any language is that it helps us relate to others.”
28. What is the purpose of the Earth Species Project
A. To gather vast data with a computer.
B. To create chatbots that imitate animals.
C. To understand animal languages using AI.
D. To study the social behavior of sperm whales.
29. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Train. B. Recognize. C. Record. D. Protect.
30. How do AI tools provide practical value in deepening our insights into animals
A. By translating animals’ calls and looks. B. By advancing animal well-being.
C. By reintroducing endangered species. D. By studying animals’ negative emotions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Lost in Translation Not with AI
B. A Future of Chatting with Animals
C. Whales SOS: Human-AI Unite for Miracles
D. Practical Value of Machine Learning Models
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了非营利机构Earth Species Project利用人工智能工具解码动物语言，加深人类对动物的理解和共情。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have ‘conversations’ with animals.（该公司正在开发模仿各种物种的人工智能模型，旨在与动物“对话”。)”可知，其目的是用人工智能来理解动物的语言。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Sperm whales have complex social groups. ...For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. ...individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹香鲸群，捕捉到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音子集中（）单个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI来将个体抹香鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项“Recognize”意思接近。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions.(机器学习可以解码宠物的吠叫和面部表情等信号。)”可知，AI工具能为加深我们对动物的认知提供实际价值，其背后的机制是破译动物的语言信号，如叫声和面部表情。故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights. Beyond creating chatbots that charm people, machine learning may soon make it possible to decode (解码) animal calls,” says Raskin, co-founder of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have “conversations” with animals.(“人工智能(AI)掌握着打开这些迷人洞见的钥匙。除了创造吸引人的聊天机器人，机器学习可能很快就能解码动物的叫声，”非营利性地球物种项目的联合创始人拉斯金说。该公司正在开发模仿各种物种的人工智能模型，旨在与动物“对话”。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了非营利机构Earth Species Project利用人工智能工具解码动物语言，加深人类对动物的理解和共情。由此可知，B项“A Future of Chatting with Animals（与动物聊天的未来）”是合适的标题。故选B。
D
Many robots track objects by “sight’’ as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California, San Diego, roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully control previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
32. What was the intention of the research conducted by Xiaolong Wang’s group
A. To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B. To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C. To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D. To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
33. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The working principle of robot hands in Wang’s research.
B. The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C. The way that robot hands capture different objects.
D. The function of robot hands in Wang’s research.
34. How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
A. They used real-world objects.
B. They used complex optical sensors.
C. They relied on vision-based technology.
D. They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
35. What is XiaoLong Wang’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
A. Doubtful B. Positive C. Unclear D. Dismissive
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的低成本技术可以让机器人手“感觉”一个不熟悉的物体的形状，并仅根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“University of California, San Diego, roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校的机器人专家王晓龙和他的团队想要弄清楚，仅仅使用简单的触摸数据，机器人是否就能完成复杂的动作。)”可知王晓龙的团队旨在弄明白仅使用简单的触摸数据是否可以在机器人中实现复杂的动作，即探索触摸数据在复杂机器人动作中的应用。故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容“The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.(研究人员将16个接触式传感器(每个成本约为12美元)安装在四指机器人的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只是指示一个物体是否接触到手。“虽然一个传感器不能捕捉很多，但很多传感器可以帮助你捕捉物体的不同方面，”王说。在这种情况下，机器人的任务是旋转放在手掌中的物品。)”可知，作者主要介绍模拟实验中的安装了接触式传感器的机械手臂的工作原理。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects. (他们首先进行模拟，以收集足够的触摸数据，让虚拟机器人手练习旋转物体。)”可知，研究者们是通过模拟实验来搜集数据的。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.(因此，在未来的工作中，王的团队的目标是解决更复杂的运动，并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器。王说:“这意味着通过触摸可以获得更准确的信息，从而可以重建物体的形状。”研究人员还将尝试添加视觉来补充触摸数据，以处理复杂的形状。)”可知，其他同行对于他们的研究现状的担忧，王晓龙和他的团队选择以积极的态度去应对，进一步进行模拟实验，完善他们的数据。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It has been a few rough years. Many of us are finding ourselves exhausted, burned out, struggling to build balance back into our lives. We need to recharge. Water can help.
Participating in water activities such as swimming or surfing can help us enter a “flow state”. ___36___ It calms the mind, which is often absorbed by reasoning and worry, says Ricardo Gil-da-Costa, a neuroscientist and chief executive of the neurotechnology company Neuroverse, who has studied how water affects our brain.
Bodies of water also can produce a glorious sense of awe—the emotional response to something vast that expands and challenges how we see the world. ___37___ Water naturally relaxes us and helps focus our thoughts by taking away all the noise.
Water has special properties that may boost nature’s positive impact, environmental psychologists say. When we are near water, there is often less visual and auditory information to process. Our mind can rest. ___38___ Besides, its smell can stir (激发) up positive memories and associations. When we’re floating in water, our bodies can rest too, in a way we never can on land.
___39___ It moves rhythmically, producing a play of light, color and sound that is fascinating. It holds our attention, but not in an overly demanding way. ___40___ It gives our brains a break from the intense, focused, exhausting attention that much of daily life requires. “Water helps your mind wander in a positive way,” says Mare Berman, director of the Environmental Neuroscience Laboratory at the University of Chicago. “This is what is so restorative.”
A. Most important: Water is dynamic.
B. Researchers call this soft fascination.
C. One of the most calming properties of water is its sound.
D. It means we become fully devoted to what we’re doing.
E. The sound of water, typically steady and soft, comforts us.
F. Here’s some advice on how to use the healing power of water.
G. Awe can decrease stress and help us put things into perspective.
【答案】36. D 37. G 38. E 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了水的治愈和放松作用。水能减少我们需要处理的视觉和听觉信息，让我们的大脑和身体都得到休息。同时，水的动态性和节奏性声音能以一种不过于苛刻的方式吸引我们的注意力，帮助我们从日常生活的压力中解脱出来。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Participating in water activities such as swimming or surfing can help us enter a “flow state”.(参加游泳或冲浪等水上活动可以帮助我们进入“心流状态”)”提到生僻概念“flow state”，此句应适当解释，而下文“It calms the mind, which is often absorbed by reasoning and worry, says Ricardo Gil-da-Costa, a neuroscientist and chief executive of the neurotechnology company Neuroverse, who has studied how water affects our brain.(神经科学家、神经技术公司Neuroverse的首席执行官Ricardo Gil-da-Costa研究了水如何影响我们的大脑，他说，水能使大脑平静下来，因为大脑经常被推理和担忧所吸引)”阐释此状态的效果。D选项“这意味着我们完全投入到我们正在做的事情中”衔接顺畅，故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Bodies of water also can produce a glorious sense of awe—the emotional response to something vast that expands and challenges how we see the world.(水体也能产生一种光荣的敬畏感——一种对扩展和挑战我们看待世界方式的巨大事物的情感反应)”提到“awe”，可知，本句进一步阐释其效应。故G选项“敬畏可以减轻压力，帮助我们正确看待事物”符合语境。故选G。
【38题详解】
本段前两句“Water has special properties that may boost nature’s positive impact, environmental psychologists say. When we are near water, there is often less visual and auditory information to process.(环境心理学家说，水具有特殊的性质，可以增强大自然的积极影响。当我们靠近水时，需要处理的视觉和听觉信息往往较少)”笼统地提到水有一些特殊属性含有较少视觉和听觉信息。由空前“Our mind can rest(我们的心可以休息)”可知，行文逻辑已经从说明水的特质转变为阐释水对人的影响或效果。此空下文“Besides, its smell can stir (激发) up positive memories and associations.(此外，它的气味还能唤起积极的记忆和联想)”亦是阐释其效果，可知本句是在阐释水声对人的影响或效果。E选项“水的声音，典型的稳定和柔和，安慰我们”符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
由前三段的段首句可知，每段从不同方面解释水具有治愈力的原因，此段也不例外。由下文“It moves rhythmically, producing a play of light, color and sound that is fascinating.(它有节奏地移动，产生一种迷人的光、色和声的游戏)”可知，此段着重于介绍水的动态性，A选项“最重要的是：水是动态的”符合语境。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据上文“It moves rhythmically, producing a play of light, color and sound that is fascinating. It holds our attention, but not in an overly demanding way.(它有节奏地移动，产生一种迷人的光、色和声的游戏。它吸引了我们的注意力，但不是以一种过分要求的方式)”可知，此处需要从正面来说明水对我们有较为柔和的影响，即“软迷恋”。故B选项“研究人员称之为‘软魅力’”衔接顺畅。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I never imagined that an interstate trip could be so exciting. But when your world has become smaller since the pandemic hit two-and-a-bit years ago, and then slowly ___41___, the most ordinary experience gives new ___42___ to life. And so it was with me when I was ___43___ given the chance to take my first flight in more than two years.
I’d forgotten how it felt to be among the people coming and going I got to the airport two hours before boarding. Time for the bar and, of course, ___44___.
That group of young Arab women laughing and posing for photographs by the expansive windows, aircraft in the ___45___, lighting up the place with their happiness.
The man in the corner drinking alone. Just another one of the 70, 000 or so stories that would pass through the airport ___46___.
I couldn’t be calmer as a flyer. But when the plane took off I was ___47___, in that moment of weightlessness as the wheels ___48___ Earth, leaning towards the window to watch everything below becoming smaller and smaller.
Is it possible that the denial of so much during the pandemic lockdown had added new ___49___ to what was the ordinary I think so. The plane ride, the hotel stay, and the social occasion all now gave me a sense of ___50___ that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance (若无其事) or even ___51___.
Last June just ahead of the long Sydney lockdown, a friend ___52___ a birthday party. That experience for me would continue happily through some of the ___53___ months of the lockdown that would follow. ___54___ the repeated fear that the pandemic holds over us, the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind. That’s what happens when everything old is new again, when ___55___ is rediscovered as a virtue.
41.
A. expands B. disappears C. escapes D. emerges
42.
A. outcome B. panic C. change D. meaning
43.
A. frequently B. finally C. originally D. merely
44.
A. book-reading B. story-telling C. people-watching D. stranger-chatting
45.
A. situation B. background C. circumstance D. maintenance
46.
A. in a special way B. on a daily basis C. once in a while D. all of a sudden
47.
A. elegant B. excited C. anxious D. energetic
48.
A. slid B. attached C. departed D. floated
49.
A. liberation B. company C. struggle D. appeal
50.
A. joy B. chaos C. regret D. fear
51.
A. kindness B. happiness C. tiredness D. brightness
52.
A. forgot B. cancelled C. attended D. held
53.
A. difficult B. permanent C. harmonious D. dramatic
54.
A. Without B. Despite C. Similar to D. Apart from
55.
A. opportunity B. adaptation C. simplicity D. exposure
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了疫情结束后，一切都恢复如初，作者感受到生活中平平无奇的事情也产生了新意义。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你的世界自两年多前疫情爆发以来变得越来越小，然后慢慢扩大时，最普通的经历赋予了生命新的意义。A. expands扩大；B. disappears消失；C. escapes逃跑；D. emerges浮现。根据句中“when your world has become smaller since the pandemic hit two-and-a-bit years ago”和空前的“then”可知，这里是说疫情来袭后（因为隔离封锁）世界变得越来越小，（解封）然后世界慢慢地扩大。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你的世界自两年多前疫情爆发以来变得越来越小，然后慢慢扩大时，最普通的经历赋予了生命新的意义。A. outcome结果；B. panic惊慌；C. change改变；D. meaning意义。根据后文的“That’s what happens when everything old is new again, when ___15___is rediscovered as a virtue.”可知，疫情过后，最普通不过的事情也被赋予了新的意义。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我终于有机会乘坐两年多来的第一次航班时，我也是如此。A. frequently频繁地；B. finally最终；C. originally最初地；D. merely仅仅。根据句中的“in more than two years”可知，此处表示两年多来作者终于有机会第一次乘坐航班，这里用finally表示等待已久的心理。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该去酒吧了，当然还有看人。A. book-reading读书；B. story-telling讲故事；C. people-watching观察人；D. stranger-chatting陌生人聊天。根据前文中的“how it felt to be among the people coming and going”、后文的“That group of young Arab women”以及“The man in the corner”可知，此处表示作者好久没看到来来往往的人了，所以在机场除了去酒吧还可以观看周围的人。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那群年轻的阿拉伯妇女在宽阔的窗户旁笑着摆出姿势拍照，背景是飞机，用她们的幸福照亮了这个地方。A. situation情况；B. background背景；C. circumstance状况；D. maintenance维护。根据句中的“posing for photographs by the expansive windows”并结合常识可知，在机场中，这群年轻的阿拉伯妇女在开阔的窗户旁笑着拍照，飞机是她们的背景。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这只是每天经过机场的大约70000个故事中的另一个。A. in a special way以特殊的方式；B. on a daily basis每天；C. once in a while偶尔地；D. all of a sudden突然。根据句中的的“another one of the 70,000 or so stories”可知，此处表示每天在机场会上演大约7000个故事。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当飞机起飞时，我很兴奋，在机轮离开地球的失重时刻，我向窗户那边靠，看着下面的一切变得越来越小。A. elegant优雅的；B. excited兴奋的；C. anxious焦急的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据But前的“I couldn’t be calmer as a flyer.(作为一名飞机乘客，我再冷静不过了)”可知，But前后表示转折，作者身为一名飞机乘客，在坐飞机的时候非常冷静，但当看到飞机起飞的时候作者感觉很兴奋。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当飞机起飞时，我很兴奋，在机轮离开地球的失重时刻，我向窗户那边靠，看着下面的一切变得越来越小。A. slid滑行；B. attached系；C. departed离开；D. floated漂流。根据句中的“the plane took off”可知，飞机起飞了，飞机轮子离开地面。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疫情封锁期间如此之多的剥夺是否有可能为普通情况增添了新的吸引力？A. liberation解放；B. company陪伴；C. struggle挣扎；D. appeal吸引力。根据后文的“The plane ride, the hotel stay, and the social occasion all now gave me a sense of _____10_____that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance (若无其事) or even _____11_____.(坐飞机、住酒店和社交场合现在都给了我一种……的感觉，这种感觉以前可能只会在我身上引起某种无所谓，甚至……)”可知，曾经普通的事情会增添新的吸引力。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐飞机、住酒店、社交场合，这一切现在都给了我一种快乐感觉，这在以前可能只会让我感到某种无所谓，甚至疲劳。A. joy喜悦；B. chaos混乱；C. regret后悔；D. fear恐惧。根据句中的“that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance (若无其事) or even _____11_____.”可知，这里now和previously形成对比，所以空处所填词应和nonchalance相反，这里表示坐飞机等以往让作者感到无所谓的事情，如今让作者感受到快乐。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐飞机、住酒店、社交场合，这一切现在都给了我一种快乐的感觉，这在以前可能只会让我感到某种无所谓，甚至疲劳。A. kindness善良；B. happiness幸福；C. tiredness疲劳；D. brightness明亮。根据or前的“a certain nonchalance (若无其事)”可知，这里所填词应和nonchalance表达相近的情感态度，这里表示坐飞机等的事情让作者感到无所谓甚至疲劳。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年6月，就在悉尼长期封锁之前，一位朋友举办了一场生日派对。A. forgot忘记；B. cancelled取消；C. attended出席；D. held举办。根据下文“the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind”可知，此处表示朋友举办了一场生日派对。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这种经历将愉快地继续度过接下来几个月的封锁艰难时期。A. difficult困难的；B. permanent永久的；C. harmonious和谐的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据空后的“months of the lockdown that would follow”可知，此处表示这场派对帮助作者度过了接下来封锁的艰难时期。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查介词和短语辨析。句意：尽管对疫情的恐惧反复笼罩着我们，但那次庆祝活动的记忆仍然在我脑海中闪烁着明亮、温暖的光芒。A. Without没有；B. Despite尽管；C. Similar to与……相似；D. Apart from除了……外（都）。句中的“the repeated fear”和“the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind”前后之间构成让步关系，应用despite。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是当一切旧的事物都变成新的，当简单被重新发现是一种美德时所发生的事情。A. opportunity机会；B. adaptation改编本；C. simplicity简单；D. exposure暴露。根据第一段中的“the most ordinary experience”和上文中作者描述的看形形色色的人、坐飞机、回味朋友的生日派对等事情可知，这些普通的事情也是简单的事情，疫情过后，简单被重新发现是一种美。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the 12th century, the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an. Near Lin’an, on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou. Given its location near the capital and its ____56____ (nature) beauty, Suzhou became a preferred place ____57____ (live). Thus, there were over 300 gardens ____58____ (build) here, and more than 60 are still in ____59____ (exist).
Among these gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous, and water pools take up ____60____ third of its area. ____61____ (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers, plants, and trees, all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below. As is typical of Suzhou gardens, this garden ____62____ (separate) into different sections, offering various kinds of spaces ____63____ diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden, no simple description of the garden will do. ___64___ you have to do is to walk among the water and plants, enjoy every moment, _____65_____ find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
【答案】56. natural
57. to live
58. built 59. existence
60. a##one 61. Surrounding
62. is separated
63. in 64. What
65. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏州拙政园的美景。
【56题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于其靠近首都的地理位置和美丽的自然风光，苏州成为人们居住的首选之地。根据“beauty”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填natural。
【57题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：由于其靠近首都的地理位置和美丽的自然风光，苏州成为人们居住的首选之地。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“became”，故空处需填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“去居住的首选之地”，故用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to live。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，这里建造了300多个花园，有60多个仍然存在。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“were”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“gardens”和“build”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：因此，这里建造了300多个花园，有60多个仍然存在。根据“are still in”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，in existence表示“存在”，符合句意。故填existence。
【60题详解】
考查冠词和数词。句意：在这些花园中，拙政园是最大和最著名的，水池占其面积的三分之一。根据句意可知，此处表示三分之一，用a third或one third表示。故填a或one。
【61题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：水池的四周是一群繁盛的花草树木。分析句子结构可知，该句为完全倒装句，正常语序应是“a luxuriant group of flowers, plants, and trees is ____6____the water pools”，“a luxuriant group of flowers, plants, and trees”和“surround”之间是主动关系，空前已有be动词，构成现在进行时，故填Surrounding。
【62题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：作为典型的苏州园林，这个园林分成不同的部分，提供不同形状和大小的各种空间，代表不同的情绪和感觉。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语“this garden”和“separate”之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is separated。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：作为典型的苏州园林，这个园林分成不同的部分，提供不同形状和大小的各种空间，代表不同的情绪和感觉。in diverse shapes and sizes表示“有着不同形状和大小”，符合句意。故填in。
【64题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：你要做的就是漫步在水草之中，享受每一刻，根据当天的心情找到属于自己的宝藏。分析句子结构可知，“__9____you have to do”是主语从句，从句缺宾语，指代“你要做的事情”，故用what引导。故填what。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：你要做的就是漫步在水草之中，享受每一刻，根据当天的心情找到属于自己的宝藏。分析句意可知，“walk among the water and plants, enjoy every moment”和“find your own treasures”是并列关系。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，写信给留学生朋友John，告知他国际学生服务中心（Confucius Institute）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprises的短视频征集活动，内容包括：
1 活动介绍；
2. 视频要求；
3. 鼓励参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
Good news! Confucius Institute is collecting short videos from foreign friends who are learning in China, and I’m writing to invite you to get involved.
Themed My China Surprises, your work is expected to focus on your amazing experience in this amazing country, your understanding of the unique Chinese culture from a foreigner’s perspective, or some stunning achievements in China that surprise you. Videos in any format will do, with a time limit of 5 minutes. Given that you have been in China for quite a while, your story will surely make a valuable addition to the event.
If interested, please send your work to www. before December 31st with your personal information attached. Looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生朋友John写封信，告知他国际学生服务中心（Confucius Institute）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprises的短视频征集活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
令人震惊的：stunning→astonishing
使惊讶：surprise→shock
肯定地：surely→certainly
宝贵的：valuable→precious
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Themed My China Surprises, your work is expected to focus on your amazing experience in this amazing country, your understanding of the unique Chinese culture from a foreigner’s perspective, or some stunning achievements in China that surprise you.
拓展句：Your work, which is Themed My China Surprises, is expected to focus on your amazing experience in this amazing country, your understanding of the unique Chinese culture from a foreigner’s perspective, or some stunning achievements in China that surprise you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Confucius Institute is collecting short videos from foreign friends who are learning in China, and I’m writing to invite you to get involved. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Themed My China Surprises, your work is expected to focus on your amazing experience in this amazing country, your understanding of the unique Chinese culture from a foreigner’s perspective, or some stunning achievements in China that surprise you. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I live in a small but lovely neighborhood. Our house is neither large nor luxurious, but it has a fairly big garden. My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it and took good care of the plants, watering them, applying fertilizer, weeding and getting rid of bugs. He was never tired of doing all that stuff. But at that time, I didn’t understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.
Unfortunately, in the summer vacation before senior high school, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips, so she couldn’t take care of the garden. I didn’t want my father to worry. I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often, so I didn’t think much about the garden.
One Saturday morning, my father said to me, “Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let’s have a salad today!” I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce (生菜) leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!
I panicked for a moment but then I quietly went to the nearest supermarket to buy some vegetables. When I was making the salad, my mother came home and saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and admitted, “Dad would like a salad, but the garden is a disaster. I don’t want to disappoint him, so I went to the store and bought some vegetables.” My mother smiled, saying, “Honey, you know what is the right thing to do.”
Paragraph 1
My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him. “It looks so good. Your salad makes my mouth water,” Dad couldn’t wait to try it. He forked a piece into his mouth and chewed slowly, his face spreading in a satisfied smile. Giving me a thumbs-up, he said, “Little did I know you are so good at gardening. You are a man of your word.” My father kept praising me, which made my ears burning. Feeling bad about what I had done, I forced a bitter smile. How could I cheat my father
Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing. With tears welling up in my eyes, I told my father I didn’t live up to his expectations and that the garden was a mess. To my surprise, instead of scolding me, my father patted me on the shoulder gently and told me to turn to him if I needed any help. Under his guidance, I learned to apply fertilizer, weed and remove bugs. The vegetables became better and better day by day, and so did my father. I began to enjoy taking care of vegetables and I finally understood my father’s pleasure of working in the dirt.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者爸爸一直悉心照料着花园，可有一天受伤之后就交给作者来照料，但作者却没有花心思去做好，结果花园里的蔬菜都被虫糟蹋了。有一天作者父亲想吃自己蔬菜做出的沙拉，作者怕爸爸伤心，于是偷偷去商店买了蔬菜，后来被妈妈发现了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由续写第一段首句“当我把沙拉递给父亲时，父亲似乎很高兴”可以预测续写第一段主要内容：爸爸品尝沙拉并表扬“我”将菜园照顾地很好，而“我”却非常尴尬和羞愧。(学生也有可能在第一段续写父亲发现了端倪，揭穿了“我”，这样第二段的right thing就是“我”决定将功补过，在菜园辛勤劳作，只要能自圆其说也可以。)
②由第二段首句“感到内疚，我决定做正确的事。”可以预测：“我”向爸爸坦白了一切，而爸爸鼓励“我”将功补过。“我”学着父亲的样子在菜园劳作，同时也在这次经历中获得成长。
2.续写线索：作者父亲品尝沙拉——觉得沙拉很好并表扬作者——作者内心挣扎——告诉父亲真相——原谅作者并为作者提供帮助——爱上照顾花园中蔬菜
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.表扬：praise/speak highly of
②.强颜欢笑：forced a bitter smile /force a smiling face
③.欺骗：cheat / deceive/trick
情绪类
①.满意的：satisfied /pleased/ content
②.让我惊讶：to my surprise/to my amazement/to my astonishment
【点睛】[高分句型1]My father kept praising me, which made my ears burning. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]Feeling bad about what I had done, I forced a bitter smile.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）济宁市第一中学
2023-2024学年度第一学期教学质量检测（三）
高二英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 回答非选择题时，必须使用0. 5毫米黑色签字笔书写，按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸，试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the woman meet her cousin
A. Tomorrow evening. B. Tomorrow morning. C. This afternoon.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man’s feeling in the end
A. Surprise. B. Sympathy. C. Relief.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place
A. At a perfume shop. B. At a flower shop. C. At a fruit shop.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was probably going on in the playground yesterday afternoon
A. A barbecue. B. A school sports meeting. C. A graduation ceremony.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will Carl do
A. Buy some steak. B. Cook dinner. C. Bring some wine.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How does Alina look to the man
A. Upset. B. Curious. C. Delighted.
7. Who picked up Alina's purse
A. A little girl. B. An old lady. C. A boy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Which apartment is the man looking for
A. Apartment 12. B. Apartment 20. C. Apartment 24.
9. What does the woman plan to do
A. Order some food. B. Go to a grocery store. C. Mail a letter.
10. Why is the woman thinking about moving out of the neighborhood
A Her family is unhappy to live here. B. It's inconvenient for her to go to work.
C. There's no supermarket nearby.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. When will the woman’s flight arrive in Shanghai
A. At 7: 00 p. m. B. At 4: 00 p. m. C. At 2: 00 p. m.
12. What does the man advise the woman to do on the plane
A. Get some sleep. B. Do some reading. C. Watch short videos.
13. How might the woman go to her hotel
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By subway.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What is the man doing
A. Hosting a program. B. Chairing a meeting. C. Signing up for a course.
15. What did the woman’s parents grow in their gardens
A. Potatoes and watermelons. B. Potatoes and tomatoes. C. Carrots and tomatoes.
16. What can the children do in the Alice Waters Garden Project
A. Create recipes. B. Design a garden. C. Help build a kitchen.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where was the name Liam most popular in America
A. On the west coast. B. In the Midwest. C. In the southeastern area.
18. What was the most popular name for American girls five years in a row
A. Emma. B. Ava. C. Katrina.
19. Who is Jonah Berger
A. A marketing manager. B. A social worker. C. A teacher.
20. Which American names became popular in 2005 according to Jonah Berger
A. Ones starting with K. B. Ones starting with H. C. Ones starting with N.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A hearing aid is a small electronic device you wear in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a microphone, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker. There are three styles of hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by people of all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit completely inside the outer ear. Some ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecoil that allows users to receive sound through the circuitry of the hearing aid, rather than through its microphone.
Canal aids fit into the ear canal and are available in two styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made to fit the size and shape of the ear pletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is also a key consideration. However, just because one hearing aid is more expensive than another does not necessarily mean that it will better suit your needs. Other features to consider include parts or services covered by the guarantee, estimated costs for repair, and the hearing aid company’s reputation for quality and service.
For more information, contact: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov .
21. What helps strengthen the power of electrical signals in a hearing aid
A. The microphone. B. The amplifier.
C. The speaker. D. The telecoil.
22. If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal open, you can choose______ .
A. “Mini” BTE B. In-the-ear aids
C. In-the-canal aids D. Completely-in-canal aids
23. To buy a suitable hearing aid, you should______ .
A. increase your estimated costs B. find the one with more features
C. give in to the after-sale services D. consider your needs and lifestyle
B
Elon Musk is a businessman, inventor and engineer and is undoubtedly, one of the leading figures in the world of technology. Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1971. At the age of 12, he taught himself how to programme computers. He was accepted to university in the United States where he completed a degree in Arts. After this, he started a PhD in physics at Stanford University. However, he dropped out to pursue his interest in startups and technology.
He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company. In 2001 Musk began meeting with scientists to discuss the possibility of human habitation on Mars. Using his own fortune Musk founded his company that designs rockets and space vehicles. It was the first privately owned company to do so. In 2012, the rockets made by the company docked with the International Space Station. Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable.
Another one of Musk’s innovations is the electric car. Musk started a company and became the CEO in 2008. The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system. The cars made by Musk’s company are designed to end the dependence on fossil fuels and so reduce the negative effects of climate change and air pollution from cars.
Why does Musk devote himself to such innovations By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere. On Earth, Musk’s inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population.
24. What can we learn about Musk
A. He learnt computer programmes from his teacher at 12.
B. He graduated from Stanford University with a degree in physics.
C. He received government support to found the space company.
D. He named his company after a well-known scientist.
25. According to the author, what event was historic in Musk’s career
A. Getting achievements in arts.
B. Founding an online payment site.
C. Receiving contracts from NASA.
D. Becoming CEO of two companies.
26. What is Musk’s motivation for his innovations
A. To expand human reach and protect the earth.
B. To stimulate people’s curiosity about space.
C. To realize his dream of becoming a leading figure.
D. To make more profit and set up more companies.
27. Which of the following best describes Musk
A. Gifted and humorous. B. Curious and honest.
C. Generous and considerate. D. Creative and responsible.
C
Can humans really understand what animals are saying, or are we just barking up the wrong tree
“Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights. Beyond creating chatbots that charm people, machine learning may soon make it possible to decode (解码) animal calls,” says Raskin, co-founder of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have “conversations” with animals. Its team is collecting diverse data from various species and building machine-learning models for analysis. Project CETI (鲸类动物翻译计划) focuses on understanding a particular species, in this case the sperm whale.
Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to train a computer to speak whale.
As tech advances, the door has been opened to using machine learning to decode unfamiliar languages. It’s found that AI tools have practical value beyond research. Translating animal sounds aids endangered species. Scientists study caged birds’ calls to grasp sound changes, explaining difficulties in reintroduction. Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions. Raskin’s AI model translates dogs’ expressions, revealing their surprising capabilities to owners. Additionally, it helps predict pig emotions based on their sounds, enhancing animal welfare. Advancements deepen our understanding of animals.
Now enthusiastic scientists are committed to open-source data and model sharing. “Every time you invent a technology, you also invent a responsibility,” Raskin says. “Designing a ‘whale chatbot’ demands we imagine an animal’s experience. The true value of any language is that it helps us relate to others.”
28. What is the purpose of the Earth Species Project
A. To gather vast data with a computer.
B. To create chatbots that imitate animals.
C. To understand animal languages using AI.
D. To study the social behavior of sperm whales.
29. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean
A Train. B. Recognize. C. Record. D. Protect.
30. How do AI tools provide practical value in deepening our insights into animals
A. By translating animals’ calls and looks. B. By advancing animal well-being.
C. By reintroducing endangered species. D. By studying animals’ negative emotions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Lost in Translation Not with AI
B. A Future of Chatting with Animals
C. Whales SOS: Human-AI Unite for Miracles
D. Practical Value of Machine Learning Models
D
Many robots track objects by “sight’’ as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California, San Diego, roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully control previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape,” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
32. What was the intention of the research conducted by Xiaolong Wang’s group
A. To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B. To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C. To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D. To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
33. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The working principle of robot hands in Wang’s research.
B. The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C. The way that robot hands capture different objects.
D. The function of robot hands in Wang’s research.
34 How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
A. They used real-world objects.
B. They used complex optical sensors.
C. They relied on vision-based technology.
D. They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
35. What is XiaoLong Wang’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
A. Doubtful B. Positive C. Unclear D. Dismissive
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It has been a few rough years. Many of us are finding ourselves exhausted, burned out, struggling to build balance back into our lives. We need to recharge. Water can help.
Participating in water activities such as swimming or surfing can help us enter a “flow state”. ___36___ It calms the mind, which is often absorbed by reasoning and worry, says Ricardo Gil-da-Costa, a neuroscientist and chief executive of the neurotechnology company Neuroverse, who has studied how water affects our brain.
Bodies of water also can produce a glorious sense of awe—the emotional response to something vast that expands and challenges how we see the world. ___37___ Water naturally relaxes us and helps focus our thoughts by taking away all the noise.
Water has special properties that may boost nature’s positive impact, environmental psychologists say. When we are near water, there is often less visual and auditory information to process. Our mind can rest. ___38___ Besides, its smell can stir (激发) up positive memories and associations. When we’re floating in water, our bodies can rest too, in a way we never can on land.
___39___ It moves rhythmically, producing a play of light, color and sound that is fascinating. It holds our attention, but not in an overly demanding way. ___40___ It gives our brains a break from the intense, focused, exhausting attention that much of daily life requires. “Water helps your mind wander in a positive way,” says Mare Berman, director of the Environmental Neuroscience Laboratory at the University of Chicago. “This is what is so restorative.”
A. Most important: Water is dynamic.
B. Researchers call this soft fascination.
C. One of the most calming properties of water is its sound.
D. It means we become fully devoted to what we’re doing.
E. The sound of water, typically steady and soft, comforts us.
F. Here’s some advice on how to use the healing power of water.
G. Awe can decrease stress and help us put things into perspective.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I never imagined that an interstate trip could be so exciting. But when your world has become smaller since the pandemic hit two-and-a-bit years ago, and then slowly ___41___, the most ordinary experience gives new ___42___ to life. And so it was with me when I was ___43___ given the chance to take my first flight in more than two years.
I’d forgotten how it felt to be among the people coming and going I got to the airport two hours before boarding. Time for the bar and, of course, ___44___.
That group of young Arab women laughing and posing for photographs by the expansive windows, aircraft in the ___45___, lighting up the place with their happiness.
The man in the corner drinking alone. Just another one of the 70, 000 or so stories that would pass through the airport ___46___.
I couldn’t be calmer as a flyer. But when the plane took off I was ___47___, in that moment of weightlessness as the wheels ___48___ Earth, leaning towards the window to watch everything below becoming smaller and smaller.
Is it possible that the denial of so much during the pandemic lockdown had added new ___49___ to what was the ordinary I think so. The plane ride, the hotel stay, and the social occasion all now gave me a sense of ___50___ that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance (若无其事) or even ___51___.
Last June, just ahead of the long Sydney lockdown, a friend ___52___ a birthday party. That experience for me would continue happily through some of the ___53___ months of the lockdown that would follow. ___54___ the repeated fear that the pandemic holds over us, the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind. That’s what happens when everything old is new again, when ___55___ is rediscovered as a virtue.
41.
A. expands B. disappears C. escapes D. emerges
42.
A. outcome B. panic C. change D. meaning
43.
A. frequently B. finally C. originally D. merely
44.
A. book-reading B. story-telling C. people-watching D. stranger-chatting
45.
A. situation B. background C. circumstance D. maintenance
46.
A. in a special way B. on a daily basis C. once in a while D. all of a sudden
47.
A. elegant B. excited C. anxious D. energetic
48.
A. slid B. attached C. departed D. floated
49.
A. liberation B. company C. struggle D. appeal
50.
A. joy B. chaos C. regret D. fear
51.
A. kindness B. happiness C. tiredness D. brightness
52.
A. forgot B. cancelled C. attended D. held
53.
A. difficult B. permanent C. harmonious D. dramatic
54.
A. Without B. Despite C. Similar to D. Apart from
55.
A opportunity B. adaptation C. simplicity D. exposure
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the 12th century, the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an. Near Lin’an, on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou. Given its location near the capital and its ____56____ (nature) beauty, Suzhou became a preferred place ____57____ (live). Thus, there were over 300 gardens ____58____ (build) here, and more than 60 are still in ____59____ (exist).
Among these gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous, and water pools take up ____60____ third of its area. ____61____ (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers, plants, and trees, all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below. As is typical of Suzhou gardens, this garden ____62____ (separate) into different sections, offering various kinds of spaces ____63____ diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden, no simple description of the garden will do. ___64___ you have to do is to walk among the water and plants, enjoy every moment, _____65_____ find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，写信给留学生朋友John，告知他国际学生服务中心（Confucius Institute）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprises的短视频征集活动，内容包括：
1. 活动介绍；
2. 视频要求；
3. 鼓励参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I live in a small but lovely neighborhood. Our house is neither large nor luxurious, but it has a fairly big garden. My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it and took good care of the plants, watering them, applying fertilizer, weeding and getting rid of bugs. He was never tired of doing all that stuff. But at that time, I didn’t understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.
Unfortunately, in the summer vacation before senior high school, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips, so she couldn’t take care of the garden. I didn’t want my father to worry. I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often, so I didn’t think much about the garden.
One Saturday morning, my father said to me, “Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let’s have a salad today!” I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce (生菜) leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!
I panicked for a moment but then I quietly went to the nearest supermarket to buy some vegetables. When I was making the salad, my mother came home and saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and admitted, “Dad would like a salad, but the garden is a disaster. I don’t want to disappoint him, so I went to the store and bought some vegetables.” My mother smiled, saying, “Honey, you know what is the right thing to do.”
Paragraph 1
My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
