2024年中考英语被动语态详细讲解和讲义

2024英语中考被动语态详细讲解和讲义
被动语态的结构：
结构为”be+动词的过去分词”，Be动词本身没有词义，但是有时态、人称和数的变化。
几种常见时态的主动、被动语态结构。
下是几种常见时态的主动、被动语态结构具体用法：
1.一般现在时：
主动语态：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加s）+ 其他
I eat an apple every day.（我每天吃一个苹果。）
被动语态：be动词（am/is/are）+ 过去分词 + 其他
An apple is eaten by me every day.（每天一个苹果被我吃掉。）
2.一般过去时：
主动语态：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
She watched a movie last night.（昨晚她看了一部电影。）
被动语态：be动词（was/were）+ 过去分词 + 其他
A movie was watched by her last night.（昨晚一部电影被她看了。）
3.一般将来时：
主动语态：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他
They will visit their grandparents tomorrow.（他们明天会去看望他们的祖父母。）
被动语态：be动词（will be）+ 过去分词 + 其他
Their grandparents will be visited by them tomorrow.（他们的祖父母明天会被他们去看望。）
中考中，被动语态的使用守则：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁？
（1）当执行者不重要或未知：
The car was stolen.（汽车被盗。）
The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。）
（2）当强调动作的承受者：
The cake was eaten by the children.（蛋糕被孩子们吃了。）
The letter was received by John.（信被约翰收到了。）
（3）当主动语态的执行者太明显或已经提到过时：
The house was built in 1920.（这座房子建于1920年。）
The movie was directed by a famous director.（这部电影由一位著名导演执导。）
2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
（1）当强调动作的承受者：
The cake was eaten by the children.（蛋糕被孩子们吃了。）
The letter was received by John.（信被约翰收到了。）
The flowers were given to me by my friend.（花是我的朋友送给我的。）
（2）当强调对动作的影响：
The city was devastated by the earthquake.（这座城市被地震摧毁了。）
The project was delayed by bad weather.（这个项目因为天气原因被推迟了。）
The game was won by a last-minute goal.（这场比赛因为最后一分钟的进球而赢得了胜利。）
（3）当描述某种被动状态：
The building is being renovated.（这座建筑正在进行翻修工作。）
The book has been translated into many languages.（这本书已经被翻译成许多语言。）
The room was filled with smoke.（房间里充满了烟雾。）
3.不必要指出动作的执行者是谁？
（1）对普遍知识或客观事实的陈述：
English is spoken in many countries.（英语在许多国家都被使用。）
Coffee is made from coffee beans.（咖啡是由咖啡豆制成的。）
（2）描述自然现象或不可控制的情况：
The sun is setting.（太阳正在落山。）
The flowers are blooming in the garden.（花朵在花园里盛开。）
（3）强调结果而非执行者：
The decision was made.（决定已经做出。）
The cake was eaten.（蛋糕已经被吃掉。）
（4）对普通动作或常规操作的描述：
The dishes are washed every evening.（餐具每天晚上都会被洗。）
The clothes are folded and put away.（衣服被叠好并放好。）
4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。
（1）当动作由自然力或物理力引起：
The window was shattered by the strong wind.（强风把窗户吹碎了。）
The tree was uprooted by the storm.（风暴把树连根拔起了。）
（2）当动作由机械、工具或设备执行：
The cake was mixed by the electric mixer.（蛋糕是由电动搅拌器搅拌的。）
The letter was printed by the printer.（信件是由打印机打印的。）
（3）当描述自动化或无人操作的情况：
The car was assembled by robots.（汽车是由机器人组装的。）
The package was delivered by a drone.（包裹是由无人机投递的。）
四、有关被动语态的练习题。
1.选择正确的被动语态形式填空：
The cake ________ by my sister.
A. is baking
B. was baked
C. will bake
答案：B
2.将下列主动语态句子改写成被动语态：
They are cleaning the house.
答案：The house is being cleaned by them.
3.将下列被动语态句子改写成主动语态：
The package was delivered by the postman.
答案：The postman delivered the package.
4.根据提示，完成下列句子的被动语态：
The book ________ (read) by her last night.
答案：was read
5.改写下列句子，使用被动语态：
We will paint the walls next week.
答案：The walls will be painted by us next week.
6.选择正确的被动语态形式填空：
The letter ________ to the wrong address.
A. was sent
B. sent
C. sends
答案：A
7.将下列主动语态句子改写成被动语态：
The teacher is explaining the grammar rules to the students.
答案：The grammar rules are being explained to the students by the teacher.
8.将下列被动语态句子改写成主动语态：
The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.
答案：Steven Spielberg directed the movie.
9.根据提示，完成下列句子的被动语态：
The room ________ (clean) every day.
答案：is cleaned
10.改写下列句子，使用被动语态：
They are going to cook dinner tonight.
答案：Dinner is going to be cooked by them tonight.
11.改写下列句子，使用被动语态：
The police arrested the suspect yesterday.
答案：The suspect was arrested by the police yesterday.
12.根据提示，完成下列句子的被动语态：
This book ________ (write) by a famous author.
答案：was written
13.改写下列句子，使用被动语态：
The company offered him a job last week.
答案：He was offered a job by the company last week.