冀教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Science Fiction单词讲义

unit 2 单词讲义
breast
词性：名词
中文意思：胸部；乳房
英文释义：the front upper part of a woman's body between the neck and the waist, where the chest is
词源：来自古英语 brest，意为“胸部”
例句：She had a lump in her breast.
固定搭配：breast cancer（乳腺癌）
近义词：chest, bosom
qualification
词性：名词
中文意思：资格；条件；限制
英文释义：a person's ability or qualities that make them suitable for a particular job or activity
词源：来自拉丁语qualificatio，意为“使有资格”
例句：He has the necessary qualifications for the job.
固定搭配：educational qualifications（教育资格）
近义词：certification, proficiency, competence
directory
词性：名词
中文意思：目录；名录；指南
英文释义：a list of names, addresses, telephone numbers, etc. arranged in alphabetical order
词源：来自拉丁语directorium，意为“指导”
例句：I found his phone number in the directory.
固定搭配：business directory（商业名录）
近义词：list, index, guidebook
satellite
词性：名词
中文意思：卫星；人造卫星；卫星国家
英文释义：an object that orbits around a planet or a star and is smaller than the planet or star it orbits
词源：来自拉丁语satelles，意为“小的物体”
例句：The satellite will be launched next month.
固定搭配：satellite communication（卫星通信）
近义词：moon, artificial satellite, satellite state
orbit
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：绕轨道运行；轨道；势力范围
英文释义：to move around (a planet or star) in a curved path; the curved path that an object moves in around another object in space
词源：来自拉丁语orbita，意为“轨道”
例句：The moon orbits around the earth.（月亮绕地球运行。）
chest
词性：名词
中文意思：胸部，胸腔
英文释义：the front part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, containing the heart and lungs
词源：来自古英语 "ceast"，意为“箱子”或“柜子”，因为胸部的形状类似于一个箱子。
例句：He had a pain in his chest.（他胸部疼痛。）
固定搭配：chest of drawers（抽屉柜），chest X-ray（胸部X光片），chestnut（栗子）
近义词：breast, thorax
device
词性：名词
中文意思：设备，装置
英文释义：a piece of equipment or machinery that is used for a particular purpose
词源：来自拉丁语 "device"，意为“设计”或“计划”。
例句：The device is used to measure temperature.（这个装置用于测量温度。）
固定搭配：technology device（技术设备），security device（安全设备），medical device（医疗设备）
近义词：apparatus, instrument, tool
suit
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：套装，诉讼，适合
英文释义：a set of clothes made to match, especially a jacket and trousers worn together；a legal action against someone；to be appropriate or suitable for someone or something
词源：来自古法语 "esuit"，意为“装备”或“衣物”。
例句：He wore a dark blue suit to the job interview.（他穿着深蓝色的西装去参加面试。）
固定搭配：business suit（商务套装），lawsuit（诉讼），suit up（穿上套装）
近义词：outfit, attire, clothing
threat
词性：名词
中文意思：威胁，恐吓
英文释义：an expression of an intention to cause harm or pain to someone or something；a warning that something bad might happen
词源：来自古英语 "thretan"，意为“吓唬”或“威胁”。
例句：The terrorist group issued a threat to attack the city.（恐怖组织发出袭击该市的威胁。）
固定搭配：threat level（威胁级别），nuclear threat（核威胁），threat assessment（威胁评估）
近义词：menace, danger, risk
intense
词性：形容词
中文意思：强烈的，激烈的，热情的
英文释义：having a strong effect or influence；extremely severe or concentrated；showing great enthusiasm or emotion
词源：来自拉丁语 "intentus"，意为“紧张的”或“专注的”。
例句：She has an intense interest in art.（她对艺术有着浓厚的兴趣。）
固定搭配：intense heat（酷热），intense workout（高强度训练），intense gaze（凝视）
近义词：fierce, passionate, fervent
sneeze：
词性：动词
中文意思：打喷嚏
英文释义：to expel air forcibly and suddenly from the nose and mouth, usually as a reflex action in response to irritation of the nose or throat
词源：来自古英语的snītan，意为“打喷嚏”
例句：She gave a loud sneeze that echoed through the room.
固定搭配：sneeze at（对某事不屑一顾）
近义词：hiccup, snort
radiation：
词性：名词
中文意思：辐射，放射物
英文释义：the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles
词源：来自拉丁语的radiātiō，意为“发光，照耀”
例句：The radiation from the sun is essential for life on Earth.
固定搭配：radiation therapy（放射治疗）
近义词：beam, emission
garlic：
词性：名词
中文意思：大蒜
英文释义：a pungent-smelling bulbous plant with a strong taste, used in cooking
词源：来自拉丁语的Allium，意为“蒜属植物”
例句：I love garlic in my pasta dishes.
固定搭配：garlic bread（大蒜面包）
近义词：bulb, onion
capsule：
词性：名词
中文意思：胶囊，容器
英文释义：a small cylindrical container made of plastic or paper, used for holding medicine or other substances
词源：来自拉丁语的capsula，意为“小盒子”
例句：She took two capsules of ibuprofen after her workout.
固定搭配：soft capsule（软胶囊）
近义词：container, pillbox
uniform：
词性：名词/形容词
中文意思：制服，一致的，相同的
英文释义：a set of clothes worn by members of a group, organization, or profession; having a consistent appearance or style
词源：来自拉丁语的uniformis，意为“统一的”
例句：The soldiers were wearing their uniforms.
固定搭配：school uniform（校服）
近义词：attire, outfit
wool (n.)
中文意思：羊毛
英文释义：the soft thick hair that covers the body of sheep and other animals
词源：来自古英语 wulf，意为“羊毛”
例句：She wore a wool coat to keep warm in the winter.
固定搭配：wool fabric（羊毛织物）， woolen sweater（羊毛衫）
近义词：fleece, fur
fabric (n.)
中文意思：织物；结构；构造
英文释义：a material made by weaving or knitting fibers, yarns, or threads together
词源：来自拉丁语 fabrica，意为“制造，构造”
例句：The dress is made of silk fabric.
固定搭配：fabric softener（织物柔软剂）， cotton fabric（棉织物）
近义词：textile, material
backward (adj.)
中文意思：向后的；落后的；退步的
英文释义：moving or facing backward; not modern or advanced
词源：来自古英语 b cwār ，意为“向后的”
例句：He took a step backward when he saw the snake.
固定搭配：backward glance（向后瞥一眼）， backward country（落后的国家）
近义词：retrograde, outdated
waist (n.)
中文意思：腰，腰部
英文释义：the part of the body between the ribs and the hips
词源：来自古英语 w sc，意为“腰带”
例句：She tied her skirt at the waist.
固定搭配：waistline（腰线）， waistband（腰带）
近义词：torso, midriff
duration (n.)
中文意思：持续时间；期间
英文释义：the length of time something lasts or continues
词源：来自拉丁语 durare，意为“持续”
例句：The duration of the movie is two hours.
固定搭配：duration of stay（停留时间）， life duration（寿命）
近义词：period, length
clue
词性：名词
中文意思：线索，提示
英文释义：a piece of information or evidence that helps to solve a problem or mystery
词源：来自拉丁语 "cluere"，意为“关闭”或“封闭”，因为线索可以解开谜团。
例句：The detective found a clue that led him to the murderer.（侦探找到了一条线索，指向了凶手。）
固定搭配：clueless（无线索的，一无所知的），clue in（提供线索，告知秘密），clue to（关于……的线索）
近义词：hint, indication, suggestion
clone
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：克隆，复制
英文释义：to make an exact copy of something or someone using cells from that thing or person
词源：来自希腊语 "klon"，意为“枝干”或“嫩枝”，因为克隆是通过细胞分裂产生的。
例句：Scientists have successfully cloned sheep.（科学家已经成功克隆了羊。）
固定搭配：clone technology（克隆技术），clone organs（克隆器官），clone experiment（克隆实验）
近义词：duplicate, replicate, reproduce
choke
词性：动词
中文意思：窒息，噎住
英文释义：to be unable to breathe properly because something is blocking your throat or airway
词源：来自古英语 "cnawan"，意为“窒息”。
例句：She almost choked on a piece of meat.（她差点被一块肉噎住。）
固定搭配：choke back tears（强忍住眼泪），choke up（激动得说不出话来），choke off（切断，阻止）
近义词：strangle, asphyxiate, suffocate
exposure
词性：名词
中文意思：暴露，曝光
英文释义：the state of being exposed to something, especially harmful substances or dangerous situations
词源：来自中古英语 "exposicioun"，意为“揭露，显露”。
例句：The patient's exposure to radiation was minimal.（患者暴露在辐射下的时间非常短。）
固定搭配：exposure therapy（暴露疗法），exposure risk（暴露风险），exposure level（曝光水平）
近义词：disclosure, revelation, unveiling
microscope
词性：名词
中文意思：显微镜
英文释义：an instrument used for making very small objects appear larger so that they can be seen more clearly
词源：来自希腊语 "mikros"，意为“小”，加上 "skopein"，意为“看”，合起来表示“看小东西的工具”。
例句：The scientist used a microscope to examine the specimen under high magnification.（科学家使用显微镜在高倍镜下观察标本。）
固定搭配：optical microscope（光学显微镜），electron microscope（电子显微镜），compound microscope（复合显微镜）
damp
词性：形容词
中文意思：潮湿的，有湿气的
英文释义：slightly wet or covered in moisture
词源：来自古英语的dampian，意为“吸湿”
例句：The ground was damp after the rain.
固定搭配：damp cloth, damp weather, damp room
近义词：humid, moist, soggy
towel
词性：名词
中文意思：毛巾
英文释义：a piece of absorbent cloth or paper used for drying oneself or wiping things dry
词源：来自拉丁语的tovarium，意为“小布”
例句：She dried her hands with a towel.
固定搭配：bath towel, hand towel, beach towel
近义词：towelette, rag, cloth
forehead
词性：名词
中文意思：额头
英文释义：the front part of the head above the eyes and below the hairline
词源：来自古英语的foreheafod，意为“前额”
例句：She had a headache and rubbed her forehead.
固定搭配：forehead wrinkles, sweat on forehead, high forehead
近义词：brow, browline, temple
pessimistic
词性：形容词
中文意思：悲观的，消极的
英文释义：believing that bad things will happen or are likely to happen
词源：来自希腊语的pōsimos，意为“最坏的”和istikos，意为“观照”或“判断”
例句：He is always pessimistic about his future.
固定搭配：pessimistic outlook, pessimistic attitude, pessimistic view
近义词：dismal, gloomy, negative
emergency
词性：名词
中文意思：紧急情况，突发事件
英文释义：a serious unexpected event that needs immediate action to deal with it
词源：来自拉丁语的emergere，意为“出现”或“冒出”
例句：The hospital has an emergency department for treating emergencies.
固定搭配：emergency room, emergency kit, emergency plan
近义词：crisis, disaster, urgency
backup：
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：备份，支持
英文释义：1. a copy of computer files or programs that can be used if the originals are lost or damaged 2. to support or help someone or something
词源：来自美国英语，由“back”和“up”组成，表示“向后”和“向上”，引申为“支持”和“备份”。
例句：I always make a backup of my important files.（我总是备份我的重要文件。）
固定搭配：data backup（数据备份）、backup plan（备份计划）、in backup（作为后备）
近义词：support, reinforcement
solar：
词性：形容词
中文意思：太阳的，太阳能的
英文释义：relating to the sun or its energy
词源：来自拉丁语“solare”，意为“阳光的”。
例句：The solar panels generate electricity from sunlight.（太阳能电池板从阳光中产生电能。）
固定搭配：solar energy（太阳能）、solar system（太阳系）、solar power（太阳能）
近义词：sun-powered, heliocentric
pretend：
词性：动词
中文意思：假装，伪装
英文释义：to give a false impression of; to make believe
词源：来自古法语“prétendre”，意为“主张，声称”。
例句：She pretended to be asleep when her mother came into the room.（她假装在睡觉，当她妈妈走进房间时。）
固定搭配：pretend to do something（假装做某事）、pretend not to know（假装不知道）、pretend friend（假朋友）
近义词：feign, simulate, sham
convince：
词性：动词
中文意思：使确信，说服
英文释义：to make someone feel certain about something or persuade them to do something
词源：来自拉丁语“convinciare”，意为“使确信”。
例句：He convinced me to go to the party with him.（他说服我和他一起去参加派对。）
固定搭配：convince someone of something（使某人相信某事）、be convinced（被说服）、convince oneself（使自己相信）
近义词：persuade, convince, win over
shadow：
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：阴影，影子；跟踪，尾随
英文释义：1. a dark shape produced by an object blocking rays of light 2. to follow closely behind someone or something in order to watch them secretly
词源：来自古英语“scede”，意为“跟随”。
例句：The tree cast a shadow on the ground.（树在地上投下了阴影。）
leather
词性：名词
中文意思：皮革
英文释义：a material made from the skin of animals, used for making clothes, shoes, bags etc.
词源：来自古英语"leactra"，意为“皮肤”或“皮革”。
例句：He bought a new leather jacket yesterday.
固定搭配：leather gloves, leather shoes, leather bag
近义词：hide, pelt
comparison
词性：名词
中文意思：比较，对比
英文释义：the act of comparing two or more things
词源：来自拉丁语"comparare"，意为“比较”。
例句：In comparison with last year, our sales have increased by 20%.
固定搭配：make a comparison, in comparison to, beyond comparison
近义词：contrast, evaluation
finding
词性：名词
中文意思：发现，调查结果
英文释义：something that is discovered or learned, especially as the result of an investigation or study
词源：来自古英语"findan"，意为“找到”或“发现”。
例句：The findings of the research were published in a scientific journal.
固定搭配：scientific findings, groundbreaking findings, important findings
近义词：discovery, result, conclusion
crisis
词性：名词
中文意思：危机，紧要关头
英文释义：a time of great difficulty or danger, when a difficult situation must be dealt with quickly and effectively
词源：来自希腊语"krisis"，意为“决定”或“选择”。
例句：The company is facing a financial crisis.
固定搭配：economic crisis, financial crisis, global crisis
近义词：crisis point, emergency, disaster
monitor
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：监控，监视；显示器
英文释义：verb: to watch carefully and control; noun: a device that shows information or images from a computer or other system.
词源：来自拉丁语"monitorium"，意为“警告”或“观察”。
例句：The teacher monitors the students' progress closely. (动词) The monitor on my computer is broken. (名词)
adjust
词性：动词
中文意思：调整，调节
英文释义：to change slightly in order to make something more suitable or accurate
词源：来自拉丁语adjustare，意为“使适合，使适应”
例句：Can you adjust the temperature of the room
固定搭配：adjust to适应，调整；adjust oneself自我调整
近义词：modify, regulate, adapt
quantity
词性：名词
中文意思：数量，量
英文释义：the amount or number of sth that is being measured or counted
词源：来自拉丁语quantitas，意为“大小，数量”
例句：The quantity of sugar in this recipe is too much.
固定搭配：a large/small quantity大量/少量；in quantity大量地
近义词：amount, number, volume
polish
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：动词：擦亮，磨光；名词：光泽，优雅
英文释义：verb: to make smooth and shiny by rubbing; noun: a smooth shiny surface or appearance
词源：来自中古英语polisn，意为“擦亮，磨光”
例句：She polished the silverware until it shone.（她把银器擦得闪闪发光。）His speech was full of polish and elegance.（他的演讲充满了优雅和风度。）
固定搭配：polish off迅速完成；polish up提高，改善；polish one's English提高某人的英语水平
近义词：shine, refine, improve
automatic
词性：形容词、名词
中文意思：形容词：自动的；名词：自动装置
英文释义：adjective: working by itself without needing control from someone else; noun: a machine or device that works by itself without needing control from someone else
词源：来自法语automatique，意为“自动的”
例句：The doors opened automatically when she approached them.（当她走近时，门自动打开了。）The car has an automatic transmission.（这辆车有自动变速器。）
固定搭配：automatic pilot自动驾驶仪；automatic weapon自动武器；automatic door自动门
近义词：self-operating, self-regulating, mechanical
contrary
词性：形容词、副词、名词
中文意思：形容词：相反的；副词：相反地；名词：反对者，矛盾的事物
英文释义：adjective: opposite in nature or direction; adverb: in a way that is opposite to what is expected or usual; noun: a person who disagrees with another person or group of people
词源：来自拉丁语contrarius，意为“相对的，相反的”
例句：Her actions were contrary to her words.（她的行动与她的话相反。）He acted contrary to my advice.（他的行为与我的建议相反。）They are the contrary of each other.（他们彼此相反。）
alternative
词性：形容词/名词
中文意思：可替代的，选择性的
英文释义：relating to or offering a choice between two or more possibilities
词源：来自拉丁语alternativus，意为“交替的”
例句：We have no alternative but to cancel the event due to bad weather.
固定搭配：have no alternative but to do sth.（别无选择，只能做某事）
近义词：optional, elective, substitute
highlight
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：强调，突出
英文释义：to emphasize or give prominence to something
词源：来自古英语healdan，意为“照亮，使明亮”
例句：The report highlights the need for increased funding.
固定搭配：highlight the key points（突出重点）
近义词：emphasize, underline, spotlight
influential
词性：形容词
中文意思：有影响力的，有势力的
英文释义：having the power to affect or shape events, situations, etc.
词源：来自拉丁语influentia，意为“流入，影响”
例句：She is an influential figure in the fashion industry.
固定搭配：be influential in sth.（在某方面有影响力）
近义词：powerful, impactful, significant
classic
词性：形容词/名词
中文意思：经典的，典型的
英文释义：typical of the best and most respected examples of its kind
词源：来自拉丁语classicus，意为“第一流的”
例句：This is a classic example of how not to behave in public.
固定搭配：classic car（经典汽车）
近义词：traditional, timeless, iconic
entitle
词性：动词
中文意思：给…权利，给…资格
英文释义：to give someone the right to do or have something
词源：来自中古英语entiten，意为“给予权利”
例句：Your membership entitles you to discounts on our products.
固定搭配：entitle sb. to sth.（赋予某人某物的权利）
substantial
词性：形容词
中文意思：大量的，实质的，坚固的
英文释义：large in amount or size; solid and strong
词源：来自拉丁语substantia，意为“物质，实体”
例句：The company has made substantial progress in the last year.
固定搭配：substantial improvement, substantial increase, substantial change
近义词：significant, considerable, ample, solid
widespread
词性：形容词
中文意思：广泛的，普遍的
英文释义：existing or happening over a large area or among many people
词源：来自中古英语wide + spread，意为“广泛分布的”
例句：The disease is now widespread throughout the country.
固定搭配：widespread concern, widespread use, widespread agreement
近义词：extensive, extensive, far-reaching, universal
remarkable
词性：形容词
中文意思：显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
英文释义：deserving attention or notice because of being unusual or excellent
词源：来自拉丁语remarkari，意为“评论，观察”
例句：She has made remarkable progress in her studies.
固定搭配：remarkable achievement, remarkable success, remarkable talent
近义词：notable, exceptional, outstanding, exceptional
innovation
词性：名词
中文意思：创新，革新，新方法
英文释义：a new method, idea, product, etc. that has been created
词源：来自拉丁语innovare，意为“更新，重新开始”
例句：The company's success is due to its constant innovation.
固定搭配：technological innovation, business innovation, scientific innovation
近义词：invention, creation, novelty, advancement
practical
词性：形容词
中文意思：实际的，实用的，实践的
英文释义：related to real situations and actions rather than ideas or theories
词源：来自拉丁语pragmaticus，意为“实用的”
例句：It's important to have practical experience in this field.
固定搭配：practical skills, practical knowledge, practical application
近义词：useful, functional, effective, down-to-earth
suspect
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：怀疑，嫌疑人
英文释义：动词 - to have a feeling that something is true or likely; 名词 - a person who is suspected of doing something wrong
词源：来自拉丁语 suspectus，意为“可疑的”
例句：I suspect that he is lying.（我怀疑他在说谎。）
固定搭配：be a suspect in a crime（是犯罪的嫌疑人）
近义词：doubt, distrust, mistrust
estimate
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：估计，评估
英文释义：动词 - to form an opinion about the amount or value of something; 名词 - an approximate calculation or calculation based on probability
词源：来自拉丁语 exprimere，意为“表达”
例句：We estimated the cost of the project at $100,000.（我们估计这个项目的成本为10万美元。）
固定搭配：estimate the time needed（估计所需的时间）
近义词：evaluate, appraise, assess
transform
词性：动词
中文意思：转变，改变
英文释义：to change completely the appearance or character of someone or something
词源：来自拉丁语 transformare，意为“改变形状”
例句：The new technology has transformed the way we communicate.（新技术改变了我们的沟通方式。）
固定搭配：transform into（转变为）
近义词：convert, alter, modify
emerge
词性：动词
中文意思：出现，显露
英文释义：to come out of hiding or be seen for the first time
词源：来自拉丁语 emergere，意为“出现”
例句：The sun emerged from behind the clouds.（太阳从云层后面露出来了。）
固定搭配：emerge from（从...中出现）
近义词：appear, come out, surface
respective
词性：形容词
中文意思：各自的，分别的
英文释义：belonging separately to each one of two or more people or things considered separately; individual
词源：来自拉丁语 "respectivus"，意为“分别的”
例句：They went to their respective homes.
固定搭配：respecftive rights/responsibilities, respective parties
近义词：individual, separate, personal
consequence
词性：名词
中文意思：结果，后果
英文释义：a result or effect that follows an event or action
词源：来自拉丁语 "consequentia"，意为“跟随”
例句：The consequence of his actions was disastrous.
固定搭配：in consequence, as a consequence, for this consequence
近义词：result, outcome, aftermath
threaten
词性：动词
中文意思：威胁，恐吓
英文释义：to express a threat against (someone) or to be likely to cause harm or damage to (something)
词源：来自古英语 "thretan"，意为“威胁”
例句：The company threatened to fire any employee who broke the rules.
固定搭配：threaten with, threaten to do, threaten sb. into doing sth.
近义词：menace, intimidate, bully
phenomenon
词性：名词
中文意思：现象，奇迹
英文释义：an observable fact or occurrence, especially one that is unusual or surprising
词源：来自希腊语 "phainomenon"，意为“显现出来的东西”
例句：The rise of social media is a global phenomenon.
固定搭配：natural phenomenon, social phenomenon, cultural phenomenon
近义词：occurrence, event, wonder