冀教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 1 What's Being Gifted单词讲义

unit 1 单词讲义
gifted
词性：形容词
中文意思：有天赋的，有才能的
英文释义：having a natural ability or talent for something
词源：来自古英语“giftan”，意为“给予”
例句：She is a gifted musician.
固定搭配：gifted with, gifted in, highly gifted
近义词：talented, skilled, proficient
criteria
词性：名词
中文意思：标准，准则
英文释义：standards or principles used for judging people or things
词源：来自拉丁语“criterium”，意为“判断”
例句：What are the criteria for selecting candidates
固定搭配：meet the criteria, set the criteria, establish the criteria
近义词：standards, benchmarks, parameters
reliable
词性：形容词
中文意思：可靠的，可信赖的
英文释义：able to be trusted or relied on; consistent and dependable
词源：来自中古英语“reliabil”，意为“可靠”
例句：He is a reliable friend.
固定搭配：reliable source, reliable information, reliable data
近义词：trustworthy, dependable, steadfast
definition
词性：名词
中文意思：定义，释义
英文释义：the explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase
词源：来自拉丁语“definitio”，意为“限定”
例句：The dictionary provides a clear definition of the word.
固定搭配：give a definition, define clearly, precise definition
近义词：explanation, description, interpretation
minimum
词性：名词/形容词
中文意思：最小值，最低限度
英文释义：the smallest possible amount or degree; the least that is needed or allowed
词源：来自拉丁语“minima”，意为“最小”
例句：The temperature has dropped to the minimum. (名词)
We need a minimum of two volunteers. (形容词)
固定搭配：minimum wage, minimum age, minimum requirement
近义词：lowest, smallest, least
distinguish
词性：动词
中文意思：区分，辨别
英文释义：to recognize or treat (one thing or person) as different from others of a similar kind
词源：来自拉丁语 "distinguere"，意为“分开”
例句：It is difficult to distinguish between the two sisters.
固定搭配：distinguish between, distinguish oneself, distinguished guest
近义词：differentiate, discriminate, separate
scholar
词性：名词
中文意思：学者，研究者
英文释义：a person who has great knowledge and deep understanding of a subject, especially through study and research
词源：来自古法语 "escolier"，意为“学生”
例句：The scholar presented his latest research findings at the conference.
固定搭配：scholarly work, scholarly community, scholarly journal
近义词：academic, expert, researcher
superb
词性：形容词
中文意思：极好的，高质量的
英文释义：extremely good; excellent
词源：来自拉丁语 "superbus"，意为“高傲的”
例句：The view from the top of the mountain was superb.
固定搭配：superb performance, superb quality, superb craftsmanship
近义词：excellent, outstanding, splendid
professor
词性：名词
中文意思：教授，专家
英文释义：a teacher at a college or university who has a high rank and teaches a specialized subject
词源：来自拉丁语 "praeceptor"，意为“教师”
例句：The professor gave a lecture on the history of art.
固定搭配：professor of physics, full professor, associate professor
近义词：teacher, lecturer, academician
thorough
词性：形容词
中文意思：彻底的，详尽的
英文释义：complete; careful and detailed in every way
词源：来自古英语 "thurh"，意为“通过”和 "hrof"，意为“搜索”或“检查”
例句：She gave the room a thorough cleaning before the guests arrived.
固定搭配：thorough search, thorough investigation, thorough understanding
近义词：complete, comprehensive, meticulous
root
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：根，根源，根本
英文释义：the part of a plant that grows underground; the source or cause of something
词源：来自古英语 "rād"，意为“根”
例句：The roots of the tree go deep into the soil.（树根深深地扎进土壤。）
固定搭配：root out, take root, taproot
近义词：origin, basis, source
raw
词性：形容词、副词
中文意思：生的，未加工的，原始的
英文释义：not cooked or processed; in an early stage of development or growth
词源：来自古英语 "rā"，意为“生的”
例句：The steak was still raw in the middle.（牛排中间还是生的。）
固定搭配：raw materials, raw data, raw talent
近义词：uncooked, unprocessed, unrefined
educator
词性：名词
中文意思：教育家，教育者
英文释义：a person who educates others, especially as a profession or calling
词源：来自拉丁语 "educare"，意为“教育”
例句：She is a dedicated educator who has been teaching for over 20 years.（她是一位敬业的教育工作者，已经教书超过20年了。）
固定搭配：primary educator, school educator, lifelong educator
近义词：teacher, instructor, mentor
interrupt
词性：动词
中文意思：打断，中断，干扰
英文释义：to stop or break the continuity of something by doing or saying something unexpected or unwanted
词源：来自拉丁语 "interrumpēre"，意为“打断”
例句：I'm sorry to interrupt, but I have an urgent matter to attend to.（很抱歉打扰一下，但我有一件紧急的事情要处理。）
固定搭配：interruption, interrupt the flow, interrupt one's train of thought
近义词：break, halt, disrupt
superior
词性：形容词、名词
中文意思：优越的，上级的，优秀的
英文释义：better than others in quality, rank, or importance; a person who has authority over others in a job or organization
词源：来自拉丁语 "superior"，意为“在上，优于”
例句：This hotel offers superior service and amenities compared to other options in the area.（这家酒店提供的服务和设施比该地区的其他选择更优越。）
固定搭配：superior quality, superior performance, superior officer
近义词：better, higher-ranking, outstanding
outcome
词性：名词
中文意思：结果，成果
英文释义：the result or consequence of an event, action, or process
词源：来自中古英语 "outcome"，由 "out"（出）和 "come"（来）组成，意为“出来的东西”或“发生的结果”。
例句：The outcome of the experiment was unexpected.
固定搭配：predict/foresee the outcome预测结果
近义词：result, consequence, effect
guarantee
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：保证，担保
英文释义：to promise that something will be done or will happen; a promise that something will be done or will happen
词源：来自拉丁语 "garantia"，意为“保证，担保”。
例句：I can't guarantee that I'll be there on time.
固定搭配：guarantee to do sth.保证做某事；warranty guarantee保修保证
近义词：promise, ensure, pledge
delicate
词性：形容词
中文意思：微妙的，精细的，易碎的
英文释义：needing careful handling or treatment because easily damaged or hurt; not strong or coarse; subtle and refined
词源：来自拉丁语 "delicatus"，意为“美味的，精选的”。
例句：She has a very delicate sense of smell.
固定搭配：delicate balance微妙的平衡；delicate operation精细操作
近义词：subtle, fragile, intricate
mixture
词性：名词
中文意思：混合物，混合体
英文释义：a combination of two or more substances or things that are not chemically combined; a thing made by mixing different things together
词源：来自中古英语 "mixture"，由 "mix"（混合）和 "-ture"（表示状态或结果的后缀）组成。
例句：This is a mixture of flour and sugar.
固定搭配：a mixture of A and B A和B的混合物；a cocktail of drugs多种药物的混合剂
近义词：blend, combination, compound
stimulate
词性：动词
中文意思：刺激，激励
英文释义：to encourage or excite the activity of (something); to make someone feel more interested in or excited about something
词源：来自拉丁语 "stimare"，意为“评价，估价”。
例句：Exercise stimulates the body.
固定搭配：stimulate demand刺激需求；stimulate creativity激发创造力
近义词：encourage, motivate, activate
exceptional
词性：形容词
中文意思：卓越的，异常的，杰出的
英文释义：better than normal; unusual or surprising
词源：来自拉丁语 "exceptionalis"，意为“超越常规的”
例句：She has an exceptional memory.
固定搭配：exceptional talent/ability/performance非凡的才能/能力/表现
近义词：extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable
insight
词性：名词
中文意思：洞察力，洞悉，深刻见解
英文释义：the ability to understand or think about something in a deep and intelligent way
词源：来自古英语 "insight"，意为“看进去”
例句：His insight into human nature is amazing.
固定搭配：gain/have an insight into深入了解；deep insight深刻的理解
近义词：perception, comprehension, understanding
astonish
词性：动词
中文意思：使惊讶，使震惊
英文释义：to surprise someone very much by doing or saying something unexpected
词源：来自中古英语 "astonien"，意为“使惊讶”
例句：The news of her resignation astonished everyone.
固定搭配：be astonished at对...感到惊讶；be astonished by被...所震惊
近义词：amaze, surprise, shock
appropriate
词性：形容词、动词
中文意思：适当的，合适的；挪用，占用
英文释义：suitable for a particular situation or purpose; to take (something) for one's own use without permission
词源：来自拉丁语 "appropriatus"，意为“适合的”
例句：It's not appropriate to wear jeans to a job interview.（形容词）He was fired for appropriating company funds.（动词）
固定搭配：appropriate behavior/dress/words得体的行为/着装/言辞；appropriate for适用于；appropriate to适当于，相称于
近义词：suitable, fitting, proper, apt
optimistic
词性：形容词
中文意思：乐观的，抱乐观态度的
英文释义：hopeful and confident about the future or the success of something
词源：来自希腊语 "optimismos"，意为“最好的观点”
例句：She is optimistic about her chances of getting the job.
固定搭配：an optimistic attitude乐观的态度；optimistic outlook乐观的前景；optimistic expectation乐观的期望
近义词：hopeful, positive, confident
tone
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：音调，语气，音色
英文释义：a particular quality or character of sound, voice, or color; the attitude or mood expressed in words or actions
词源：来自古英语tōn，意为声音或音调。
例句：The tone of his voice was angry.（他的语气很生气。）
固定搭配：tone down（降低音量或强度），tone up（增强音量或强度），tone in with（与…协调一致）
近义词：pitch, timbre, intonation
scientific
词性：形容词
中文意思：科学的，系统的，有条理的
英文释义：based on or using scientific methods and knowledge
词源：来自拉丁语scientia，意为知识或学问。
例句：Scientific research is essential for progress.（科学研究对于进步至关重要。）
固定搭配：scientific method（科学方法），scientific experiment（科学实验），scientific discovery（科学发现）
近义词：systematic, logical, empirical
predict
词性：动词
中文意思：预测，预言，预报
英文释义：to say in advance what will happen or be likely to happen
词源：来自拉丁语praedicere，意为预先说。
例句：It's difficult to predict the future.（预测未来是困难的。）
固定搭配：predictable（可预测的），predictor（预测器），prediction（预测）
近义词：forecast, anticipate, prophesy
evaluate
词性：动词
中文意思：评估，评价，估价
英文释义：to determine or estimate the value or worth of something
词源：来自拉丁语valere，意为价值。
例句：We need to evaluate the risks before we make a decision.（在做决定之前，我们需要评估风险。）
固定搭配：evaluation（评估），evaluative（评价的），evaluator（评估员）
近义词：assess, appraise, rate
contrast
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：对比，对照，反差
英文释义：the difference between things that are compared；to compare in order to show differences
词源：来自拉丁语contrastare，意为对立或比较。
例句：There is a sharp contrast between her public image and her private life.（她的公众形象与私生活之间存在鲜明的对比。）
固定搭配：in contrast to/with（与…形成对比），contrast A with B（将A与B进行对比），contrast ratio（对比度）
近义词：compare, differentiate, juxtapose
secondary
词性：形容词
中文意思：次要的，二级的
英文释义：coming after the first in time, importance, or rank; not primary
词源：来自拉丁语secundarius，意为“跟随的”
例句：My secondary school is very close to my house.
固定搭配：secondary education（中等教育），secondary effect（次级效应）
近义词：subsidiary, auxiliary, supplementary
routine
词性：名词、形容词
中文意思：例行公事，常规，惯例
英文释义：a set of actions regularly performed in the same order；something that is done as a matter of course
词源：来自中古英语routin，意为“常规”
例句：I have a daily routine that I follow.
固定搭配：daily routine（日常例行公事），routine check-up（常规检查）
近义词：habit, custom, practice
inner
词性：形容词
中文意思：内部的，内心的
英文释义：of or on the inside; within the mind or spirit
词源：来自古英语innan，意为“在内部”
例句：She couldn't hide her inner feelings.
固定搭配：inner peace（内心平静），inner strength（内在力量）
近义词：internal, inward, intrinsic
fellow
词性：名词、形容词
中文意思：伙伴，同事，同伴
英文释义：a person with whom one shares something; a member of a particular group or society
词源：来自古英语felōg，意为“伴侣”
例句：He is my fellow worker.
固定搭配：fellow traveler（旅伴，同志），fellow student（同学）
近义词：companion, partner, colleague
anger
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：愤怒，生气
英文释义：a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility; to make someone feel angry or annoyed
词源：来自古英语ēgn，意为“愤怒”
例句：His words made me angry.
固定搭配：anger management（愤怒管理），fly into a rage（勃然大怒）
近义词：fury, rage, indignation
envy
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：嫉妒，羡慕
英文释义：a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck; to feel envious of someone or something
词源：来自古英语gewendan，意为“感到痛苦”或“感到不满”
例句：She couldn't hide her envy of his success.
conflict
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：冲突，矛盾
英文释义：a disagreement or fight between people, groups, or countries; a struggle or battle
词源：来自拉丁语conflitus，意为“撞击，冲击”
例句：There is a conflict between the two countries.（这两个国家之间存在冲突。）
固定搭配：internal conflict（内部冲突），armed conflict（武装冲突），resolve conflict（解决冲突）
近义词：fight, dispute, clash, confrontation
comic
词性：形容词、名词
中文意思：滑稽的，喜剧的
英文释义：causing laughter; relating to comedy
词源：来自拉丁语comicere，意为“模仿，扮演”
例句：The movie was a comic masterpiece.（这部电影是一部喜剧杰作。）
固定搭配：comic book（漫画书），comic strip（连环画），comic relief（喜剧救济）
近义词：funny, humorous, amusing, hilarious
trial
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：试验，审判
英文释义：an attempt to find out if something works well or is successful; a legal examination of evidence in court to decide if someone is guilty or not
词源：来自古英语trian，意为“测试，考验”
例句：The new drug is currently undergoing trials.（这种新药目前正在进行试验。）
固定搭配：trial run（试运行），trial period（试用期），trial by jury（陪审团审判）
近义词：test, experiment, examination, hearing
behalf
词性：介词、名词
中文意思：代表，为了...的利益
英文释义：instead of someone else; for the benefit of someone or something
词源：来自古英语be-h fde，意为“支持，帮助”
例句：He spoke on behalf of all the employees.（他代表所有员工发言。）
固定搭配：on behalf of（代表），in behalf of（为了...的利益），stand in behalf of（代表）
近义词：in place of, in lieu of, instead of, for the sake of
rare
词性：形容词、副词、名词
中文意思：罕见的，珍贵的，稀少的
英文释义：not seen, heard, or happening often; unusual and special; (as an adjective) not common; (as an adverb) seldom; (as a noun) something that is rare or valuable
词源：来自拉丁语rarus，意为“稀罕的，不寻常的”
例句：This bird is very rare in this area.（这种鸟在这个地区非常罕见。）
固定搭配：rare metal（稀有金属），rare opportunity（难得的机会），scarcely rare（几乎不罕见）
近义词：uncommon, unusual, scarce, infrequent
vital
词性：形容词
中文意思：至关重要的，生死攸关的
英文释义：extremely important or necessary; essential for survival
词源：来自拉丁语vita（生命）
例句：The heart is a vital organ of the body.
固定搭配：vital signs（生命体征），vital importance（至关重要），vital role（关键角色）
近义词：essential, crucial, critical
clay
词性：名词
中文意思：黏土，陶土
英文释义：a type of earth that can be molded when wet and becomes hard when dry
词源：来自古英语claeg（泥，粘土）
例句：She made a vase out of clay.
固定搭配：clay soil（黏土土壤），clay model（黏土模型），clay sculpture（黏土雕塑）
近义词：earth, mud, dirt
typhoon
词性：名词
中文意思：台风
英文释义：a tropical cyclone with strong winds and heavy rains in the northwest Pacific Ocean
词源：来自希腊语typhos（旋风）和拉丁语tuphon（旋风）
例句：The typhoon caused severe damage to the coastal area.
固定搭配：typhoon warning（台风警报），typhoon season（台风季节），typhoon tracker（台风追踪器）
近义词：hurricane, cyclone, storm
explode
词性：动词
中文意思：爆炸，爆发
英文释义：to burst with a loud noise, often causing destruction
词源：来自拉丁语explodere（爆炸，破裂）
例句：The bomb exploded, killing several people.
固定搭配：explode in anger（勃然大怒），explode with laughter（大笑不止），explode a myth（揭穿一个神话）
近义词：burst, detonate, erupt
sensitive
词性：形容词
中文意思：敏感的，易受伤害的
英文释义：easily affected by other people's feelings or problems; not easily offended or upset
词源：来自拉丁语sensibilis（易受影响的）
例句：She is very sensitive about her appearance.
固定搭配：sensitive skin（敏感肌肤），sensitive information（敏感信息），sensitive topic（敏感话题）
近义词：delicate, impressionable, receptive
bother
词性：动词
中文意思：打扰，烦扰
英文释义：to cause someone to feel annoyed, upset, or troubled
词源：来自古英语的bōrtan，意为“烦恼，麻烦”
例句：I don't want to bother you with my problems.
固定搭配：bother about/with sth. /bother sb. to do sth.
近义词：disturb, annoy, trouble
complete
词性：形容词、动词
中文意思：完整的，完成的
英文释义：having all the parts or elements needed; finished; done
词源：来自拉丁语的completus，意为“填满，装满”
例句：The project is now complete.
固定搭配：complete with sth. /complete a task/project
近义词：finished, whole, entire
tournament
词性：名词
中文意思：比赛，锦标赛
英文释义：a competition in which people compete against each other to win a prize
词源：来自中古英语的turnement，意为“旋转，轮流”
例句：He won the tennis tournament last year.
固定搭配：organize/host a tournament/participate in a tournament
近义词：competition, match, championship
opponent
词性：名词
中文意思：对手，敌手
英文释义：a person who competes against another or others in a game, sport, or argument
词源：来自拉丁语的opponens，意为“对立的，相反的”
例句：My opponent was very strong.
固定搭配：strong/weak opponent/rival/adversary
近义词：enemy, competitor, rival
weekly
词性：形容词、副词
中文意思：每周的，每周一次的
英文释义：occurring once every week; relating to a week or weeks
词源：来自古英语的weknesdaeg，意为“一周的日子”
例句：I have a weekly meeting on Mondays.
固定搭配：weekly newsletter/magazine/schedule/meeting
近义词：biweekly, fortnightly, monthly
specialist
词性：名词
中文意思：专家，专科医生
英文释义：a person who has a high level of skill or knowledge in a particular area
词源：来自拉丁语specialis，意为“特殊的”
例句：The doctor is a specialist in heart surgery.
固定搭配：medical specialist, specialist training, specialist knowledge
近义词：expert, authority, connoisseur
gradually
词性：副词
中文意思：逐渐地，逐步地
英文释义：in a way that happens slowly over a period of time
词源：来自拉丁语gradualis，意为“渐进的”
例句：The temperature is gradually increasing.
固定搭配：gradually improve, gradually change, gradually increase
近义词：steadily, slowly, bit by bit
photographer
词性：名词
中文意思：摄影师，照相师
英文释义：a person who takes photographs for a living or as an art form
词源：来自希腊语phōtōgrafos，意为“光画家”
例句：She is a professional photographer.
固定搭配：landscape photographer, fashion photographer, wildlife photographer
近义词：cameraman, shutterbug, picture taker
novelist
词性：名词
中文意思：小说家，作家
英文释义：a person who writes novels
词源：来自拉丁语novus，意为“新的”和scriptor，意为“写者”
例句：He is a famous novelist.
固定搭配：best-selling novelist, romantic novelist, science fiction novelist
近义词：author, writer, wordsmith
division
词性：名词
中文意思：部门，部分，除法
英文释义：a part of something that is separated from the rest; the action of dividing something into parts or groups
词源：来自拉丁语dividere，意为“分割”
例句：The company has several divisions.
固定搭配：sales division, research and development division, division manager
近义词：section, department, fraction
submit
词性：动词
中文意思：提交，屈服，顺从
英文释义：to give or hand over something to someone in authority; to allow oneself to be controlled or overcome by something or someone else
词源：来自拉丁语submitti，意为“屈服”或“放下”
例句：Please submit your application by the deadline.