2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(401-402)讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(401-402)讲义- |  | |
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长难句翻译
While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie
When she came in with the last course – a huge pudding – she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
长难句翻译解析
1.While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days。1. While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature 为让步状语从句，while同though；2. even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie 为时间状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
criticize / kr t. .sa z/ v. 批评 【名】criticism批评，critic 评论家【形】critical 批判的，关键的
fickleness / f k. l.n s/ n. 变幻无常【形】fickle 变化无常的，善变的
unrelenting / n.r len.t / adj. 坚定不移的，不屈不挠的【动】relent 变温和，不再拒绝
disillusion / d s. lu . n/ v. 使幻灭 【名】illusion 幻觉
She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination. 她不屈不挠地反对种族歧视，将会为人所铭记。
I hate to disillusion you, but pregnancy is not always wonderful – I was sick every day for six months. 我不想打破你的美梦，但是怀孕并非总是美妙的事——我当时有6个月的时间天天都恶心。
【参考译文】
虽然她总是批评人性变化无常，但她还是坚持不懈地寻找理想的佣人，直到去世，甚至在被贝西无情地打破幻想之后。
2.When she came in with the last course – a huge pudding – she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air…。When she came in with the last course 为时间状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
course /k s/ n. 课程，方向，一道菜【组】in course of 在…过程中【辨】source 源头，resource 资源，cause 引起，原因
trip /tr p/ n. 旅行 v. 绊倒
narrowly / n r. .li/ adv. 刚刚，勉强地 【动】narrow 缩小
considerable /k n s d. r. .b l/ adj. 大量的【辨】considerate 考虑周到的
A traditional British main course consists of a meat dish with potatoes and other vegetables. 传统的英国主菜由肉加土豆及其他蔬菜组成。
She broke her ankle when she had a nasty trip on the stairs. 她在楼梯上重重地绊了一跤，把脚踝摔断了。
We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor. 我们必须努力缩小贫富差距。
The fire caused considerable damage to the church. 那场火灾给教堂造成了重大损失。
【参考译文】
当她端着最后一道菜——一大盘布丁——进屋时，在地毯上绊了一跤，布丁飞了出去，差一点砸到我姑姑，重重地落在餐桌上。
长难句拓展
At nine months they start to become more independent and form other social bonds, perhaps with childminders or relatives; however, the person they've bonded with most strongly will still be at the center of their emotional world.
①小词典
independent [ nd pend nt]
adj. 自治的，独立的；自立的，自力更生的；公正的，不受他人影响的；分离的，单独的；私营的；无党派的；有主见的，有独立见解的
n. 独立自主者，独立团体；无党派政治家
emotional [ m nl]
adj. 情感的，情绪的；激动人心的，有感染力的；情绪激动的（尤指哭泣），情感流露的；（人）易动感情的，感情用事的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 At nine months they start to become more independent and form other social bonds, perhaps with childminders or relatives; however, the person will still be at the center of their emotional world，是由分号连接的并列句。childminder 指照看孩子者、保育员。they've bonded with most strongly 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the person。
③参考译文：九个月大时，他们开始变得更加独立，并形成了其他的社会联系，可能是与照看孩子的保育员或亲戚；然而，他们最亲密的人仍然是他们情感世界的中心。
Being emotionally available, using eye contact and cuddles to show your support and, importantly, keeping your own anxieties to yourself, will show your baby that there's safety with you.
①小词典
available [ ve l bl]
adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的，有闲暇的；未婚的，单身的
contact [ k nt kt]
n. 联系，联络；接触，触摸；联络人，熟人，社会关系；会见，往来，接触；传染病接触者；隐形眼镜；接通电，触点，接头
v. 联系，联络；接触
cuddle [ k d( )l]
v. 搂抱，拥抱；紧靠…而坐(或躺)，依偎
n. 搂抱，拥抱
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Being emotionally available, using eye contact and cuddles to show your support and, importantly, keeping your own anxieties to yourself, will show your baby that…，主语为三个动名词短语，that there's safety with you 为宾语从句。
③参考译文：有可获得的情感，通过眼神交流和拥抱来表达你的支持，更重要的是，把你自己的焦虑留给自己，会让你的宝宝知道和你在一起有安全感。
You need to recognize that sometimes a baby needs a break from the attention, signaled by them pushing you away or breaking eye contact.
①小词典
recognize [ rek ɡna z]
v. 认识，辨别出；承认，意识到；（正式或在法律上）认可，承认；赞赏，公认；表扬，表彰
signal [ s ɡn l]
n. 信号，暗号；标志，预示；（尤指铁路和公路上的）指示灯，信号灯；（无线电、电视等的）讯号，信号；起因，导火线
v. 发信号，示意；标志，预示；告知，表示；（车辆转方向时）打灯示意
adj. 重大的，显要的；作为信号的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 You need to recognize that…，that 引导宾语从句，signaled by them pushing you away or breaking eye contact 为过去分词短语作伴随状语。
③参考译文：你需要意识到有时候婴儿需要从注意力中休息一下，他们会把你推开或者回避眼神交流。
长难句精讲精练
1.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地
We should popularize science on a grand scale.
我们应该大规模普及科学。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。
The house has been empty for ages.
这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着）
2.In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.
【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见
It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue.
他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。
2) beyond prep. 超过；越过；在…较远的一边
The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control.
延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。
The beauty of the scene was beyond compare.
景色之美无与伦比。
Linda always wondered what was beyond the horizon.
琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。
3.Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.
【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）
Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably.
在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.
那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned.
办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已修了两小时了。
Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.
【句式翻译】广告不仅可以可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事
I shall inform you soon of the date of my arrival.
我将把我到达的日期通知你。
I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.
我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。
【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。
A lot of food is wasted every year.
每年浪费掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。
5.Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married with…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。
【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚；嫁；娶
Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.
由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。
I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you.
我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。
They got married to each other against their parents’ wishes.
他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。
【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：
You have been sitting in front of that computer too long.
你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。
No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day.
难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。
While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie
When she came in with the last course – a huge pudding – she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
长难句翻译解析
1.While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days。1. While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature 为让步状语从句，while同though；2. even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie 为时间状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
criticize / kr t. .sa z/ v. 批评 【名】criticism批评，critic 评论家【形】critical 批判的，关键的
fickleness / f k. l.n s/ n. 变幻无常【形】fickle 变化无常的，善变的
unrelenting / n.r len.t / adj. 坚定不移的，不屈不挠的【动】relent 变温和，不再拒绝
disillusion / d s. lu . n/ v. 使幻灭 【名】illusion 幻觉
She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination. 她不屈不挠地反对种族歧视，将会为人所铭记。
I hate to disillusion you, but pregnancy is not always wonderful – I was sick every day for six months. 我不想打破你的美梦，但是怀孕并非总是美妙的事——我当时有6个月的时间天天都恶心。
【参考译文】
虽然她总是批评人性变化无常，但她还是坚持不懈地寻找理想的佣人，直到去世，甚至在被贝西无情地打破幻想之后。
2.When she came in with the last course – a huge pudding – she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air…。When she came in with the last course 为时间状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
course /k s/ n. 课程，方向，一道菜【组】in course of 在…过程中【辨】source 源头，resource 资源，cause 引起，原因
trip /tr p/ n. 旅行 v. 绊倒
narrowly / n r. .li/ adv. 刚刚，勉强地 【动】narrow 缩小
considerable /k n s d. r. .b l/ adj. 大量的【辨】considerate 考虑周到的
A traditional British main course consists of a meat dish with potatoes and other vegetables. 传统的英国主菜由肉加土豆及其他蔬菜组成。
She broke her ankle when she had a nasty trip on the stairs. 她在楼梯上重重地绊了一跤，把脚踝摔断了。
We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor. 我们必须努力缩小贫富差距。
The fire caused considerable damage to the church. 那场火灾给教堂造成了重大损失。
【参考译文】
当她端着最后一道菜——一大盘布丁——进屋时，在地毯上绊了一跤，布丁飞了出去，差一点砸到我姑姑，重重地落在餐桌上。
长难句拓展
At nine months they start to become more independent and form other social bonds, perhaps with childminders or relatives; however, the person they've bonded with most strongly will still be at the center of their emotional world.
①小词典
independent [ nd pend nt]
adj. 自治的，独立的；自立的，自力更生的；公正的，不受他人影响的；分离的，单独的；私营的；无党派的；有主见的，有独立见解的
n. 独立自主者，独立团体；无党派政治家
emotional [ m nl]
adj. 情感的，情绪的；激动人心的，有感染力的；情绪激动的（尤指哭泣），情感流露的；（人）易动感情的，感情用事的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 At nine months they start to become more independent and form other social bonds, perhaps with childminders or relatives; however, the person will still be at the center of their emotional world，是由分号连接的并列句。childminder 指照看孩子者、保育员。they've bonded with most strongly 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the person。
③参考译文：九个月大时，他们开始变得更加独立，并形成了其他的社会联系，可能是与照看孩子的保育员或亲戚；然而，他们最亲密的人仍然是他们情感世界的中心。
Being emotionally available, using eye contact and cuddles to show your support and, importantly, keeping your own anxieties to yourself, will show your baby that there's safety with you.
①小词典
available [ ve l bl]
adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的，有闲暇的；未婚的，单身的
contact [ k nt kt]
n. 联系，联络；接触，触摸；联络人，熟人，社会关系；会见，往来，接触；传染病接触者；隐形眼镜；接通电，触点，接头
v. 联系，联络；接触
cuddle [ k d( )l]
v. 搂抱，拥抱；紧靠…而坐(或躺)，依偎
n. 搂抱，拥抱
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Being emotionally available, using eye contact and cuddles to show your support and, importantly, keeping your own anxieties to yourself, will show your baby that…，主语为三个动名词短语，that there's safety with you 为宾语从句。
③参考译文：有可获得的情感，通过眼神交流和拥抱来表达你的支持，更重要的是，把你自己的焦虑留给自己，会让你的宝宝知道和你在一起有安全感。
You need to recognize that sometimes a baby needs a break from the attention, signaled by them pushing you away or breaking eye contact.
①小词典
recognize [ rek ɡna z]
v. 认识，辨别出；承认，意识到；（正式或在法律上）认可，承认；赞赏，公认；表扬，表彰
signal [ s ɡn l]
n. 信号，暗号；标志，预示；（尤指铁路和公路上的）指示灯，信号灯；（无线电、电视等的）讯号，信号；起因，导火线
v. 发信号，示意；标志，预示；告知，表示；（车辆转方向时）打灯示意
adj. 重大的，显要的；作为信号的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 You need to recognize that…，that 引导宾语从句，signaled by them pushing you away or breaking eye contact 为过去分词短语作伴随状语。
③参考译文：你需要意识到有时候婴儿需要从注意力中休息一下，他们会把你推开或者回避眼神交流。
长难句精讲精练
1.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地
We should popularize science on a grand scale.
我们应该大规模普及科学。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。
The house has been empty for ages.
这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着）
2.In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.
【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见
It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue.
他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。
2) beyond prep. 超过；越过；在…较远的一边
The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control.
延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。
The beauty of the scene was beyond compare.
景色之美无与伦比。
Linda always wondered what was beyond the horizon.
琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。
3.Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.
【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）
Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably.
在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.
那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned.
办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已修了两小时了。
Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.
【句式翻译】广告不仅可以可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事
I shall inform you soon of the date of my arrival.
我将把我到达的日期通知你。
I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.
我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。
【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。
A lot of food is wasted every year.
每年浪费掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。
5.Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married with…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。
【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚；嫁；娶
Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.
由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。
I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you.
我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。
They got married to each other against their parents’ wishes.
他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。
【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：
You have been sitting in front of that computer too long.
你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。
No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day.
难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。