2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(403-404)讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(403-404)讲义- |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 09:59:58 | ||
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长难句翻译
The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
长难句翻译解析
1.The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 The guests had…realized this…and…had had a difficult time…。1. from the moment Bessie opened the door for them 和 long before the final catastrophe 均作时间状语；2. had a difficult time trying…为词组 have a difficult time (in) doing，trying 前省略了in。
【词汇精讲】
catastrophe /k t s.tr .fi/ n. 大灾难，不利局面 【近】disaster 灾难
conceal /k n si l/ v. 隐藏 【名】concealment【反】reveal 揭示【辨】cancel 取消
They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come. 他们收到警告，生态灾难即将来临。
The emigration of scientists is a catastrophe for the country. 大量科学家移居国外对这个国家大为不利。
Is there something you're concealing from me 你是不是有事瞒着我？
【参考译文】
客人们当然从贝西为他们开门的那一刻起就意识到了，在最后这场灾难之前很久，他们就努力克制才没有笑出声来。
2.After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 aunt Harriet discovered…。1. that there were piles of empty wine bottles…作discovered的宾语从句；2. of all shapes and sizes…和 neatly stacked in …同作bottles的定语，因stack与bottles存在被动关系，故用done；3. what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe 作in的宾语从句。
【词汇精讲】
departure /d pɑ .t r/ n. 离开，启程【动】depart【辨】department 部门
neatly / ni t.li/ adv. 整齐（洁），巧妙【形】neat
stack /st k/ n. 堆，叠，大量 v. 摆放整齐【辨】stock 存货，股票
wardrobe / w .dr b/ n. 衣柜，全部衣服
Our departure was delayed because of bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们的出发时间推迟了。
It would be a neat solution to the problem. 这将是一个巧妙的解决方法。
Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretaker began stacking (up) the chairs. 最后几个人一离开大厅，看门人就开始把椅子摞起来。
Jeans are an indispensable part of most people’s wardrobe. 牛仔裤是大多数人必不可少的衣物。
【参考译文】
在她离开之后，哈里特姑姑发现大量各种形状和大小的空酒瓶整齐地摆放在贝西曾经的衣柜里。
长难句拓展
1.Keeping a consistent routine, without too many stressful events, and taking breaks when the baby needs to will also help, as will finding out their likes and dislikes.
①小词典
consistent [k n s st nt]
adj. 始终如一的，一贯的；持续的，连续的；固守的，坚持的；一致的，吻合的
routine [ru ti n]
n. 常规，惯例；生活乏味，无聊；（演出中的）一套动作，一系列笑话（等）；老一套，俗套；（计算机）例行程序
adj. 常规的，例行的；平常的，毫不特别的；平淡乏味的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Keeping a consistent routine, without too many stressful events, and taking breaks will also help。when the baby needs to 为时间状语从句，as will finding out their likes and dislikes 为方式状语从句。
③参考译文：保持一贯的生活习惯，避免太多的压力事件，当宝宝需要休息的时候休息也会有所帮助，就像发现他们的喜好一样。
2.As we report now, the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure guaranteed to damage our health.
①小词典
render [ rend (r)]
v. 使成为，使处于某种状态；给予，提供；（以某种方式）表达，表现；粉刷，往（墙上）抹灰；提交，呈报
n. 底灰，底泥
guarantee [ ɡ r n ti ]
v. 确保，保证；担保，为……作保；保修，包换
n. 保证，担保；保修单，质量保证书；担保金，抵押品
②句子分析：本句的主干是 the food police are determined that…，that 引导宾语从句。as we report now 为非限制性定语从句，guaranteed to damage our health 为过去分词作后置定语，修饰 another guilty pleasure。
③参考译文：正如我们现在报告的那样，食品警察坚持认为，这一享受应被视为又一种罪恶的快乐，而这种快乐肯定会损害我们的健康。
3.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide// that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.
①小词典
compound [ k mpa nd]
n. 混合物，化合物；复合词；大院，有围墙的场地
adj. 复合的，混合的；以复利计算的
v. 使加重，使恶化；合成，混合；以复利计算支付；和解，私了
②句子分析：本句的主干是 The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning，about the risks of a compound 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 a public warning；called acrylamide 为过去分词短语作后置定语。that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures 为限制性定语从句，修饰 a compound，其中 cooked at high temperatures 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 some foods。
③参考译文：英国食品标准局(FSA)发布了一项公开警告，称在一些高温烹调的食品中形成的一种叫做丙烯酰胺的化合物存在危害。
长难句精讲精练
1.Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.
【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。
【词语点拨】basis n. 基础；构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础
Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis.
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态。
2. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain.
【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talking about…在句中作宾补。
【词语点拨】listen vi. 听（后面常接介词to）
Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’t listen.
你怎么说他也不听.
We’re going to listen to a report this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去听报告。
【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be having my classes then.
明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。
3. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.
【句式翻译】最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，主语是The recent case，谓语是has exposed，关系代词whose在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Terri Schiavo；关系代词that在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词issues，taken off在句中作宾补。
【词语点拨】1) sensitive adj.敏感的；易受影响的
A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mother’s voice.
婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。
My teeth are really sensitive to hot and cold.
我的牙齿对冷热真地很敏感。
2) surround vt. 包围；环绕, 围绕
You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness.
你会发现，幸福其实就是在你身边。
The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life.
这些图像给参观者产生身处野生动物之中的感觉。
【语法点拨】have sth done有三种含义：1)请别人做某事，相当于get sth done 2)遭受一种不幸3)完成某项工作；在这一结构中，done做宾补，和宾语sth之间是被动关系。如：
We had the computer repaired immediately.
我们立刻请人把电脑修好了。
I had my watch stolen last night.
昨晚我的手表被偷了。
另外，have sb do...让某人去做……，have sb doing让一直做……；在这两个结构中，do和doing和宾语之间都是主动关系。如：
I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park.
我要朋友在公园门口等我。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
3. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.
【句式翻译】法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feeling numb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替to do for…作形式主语。
【词语点拨】1)approval n.批准；同意，赞成
The plan had the approval of the school authorities.
计划得到学校当局的认可。
We expected our plan to meet with approval.
我们希望计划能得到批准。
2)approve v.同意，赞成
Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.
她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。
【语法点拨】1)leave sb doing 让/使某人做……，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave …done。如：
Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.
三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。
His reply left us all rather confused.
他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。
2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如：
It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation.
他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！
Is it difficult to understand the English program.
理解这个英语节目难吗？
The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
长难句翻译解析
1.The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 The guests had…realized this…and…had had a difficult time…。1. from the moment Bessie opened the door for them 和 long before the final catastrophe 均作时间状语；2. had a difficult time trying…为词组 have a difficult time (in) doing，trying 前省略了in。
【词汇精讲】
catastrophe /k t s.tr .fi/ n. 大灾难，不利局面 【近】disaster 灾难
conceal /k n si l/ v. 隐藏 【名】concealment【反】reveal 揭示【辨】cancel 取消
They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come. 他们收到警告，生态灾难即将来临。
The emigration of scientists is a catastrophe for the country. 大量科学家移居国外对这个国家大为不利。
Is there something you're concealing from me 你是不是有事瞒着我？
【参考译文】
客人们当然从贝西为他们开门的那一刻起就意识到了，在最后这场灾难之前很久，他们就努力克制才没有笑出声来。
2.After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 aunt Harriet discovered…。1. that there were piles of empty wine bottles…作discovered的宾语从句；2. of all shapes and sizes…和 neatly stacked in …同作bottles的定语，因stack与bottles存在被动关系，故用done；3. what had once been Bessie’s wardrobe 作in的宾语从句。
【词汇精讲】
departure /d pɑ .t r/ n. 离开，启程【动】depart【辨】department 部门
neatly / ni t.li/ adv. 整齐（洁），巧妙【形】neat
stack /st k/ n. 堆，叠，大量 v. 摆放整齐【辨】stock 存货，股票
wardrobe / w .dr b/ n. 衣柜，全部衣服
Our departure was delayed because of bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们的出发时间推迟了。
It would be a neat solution to the problem. 这将是一个巧妙的解决方法。
Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretaker began stacking (up) the chairs. 最后几个人一离开大厅，看门人就开始把椅子摞起来。
Jeans are an indispensable part of most people’s wardrobe. 牛仔裤是大多数人必不可少的衣物。
【参考译文】
在她离开之后，哈里特姑姑发现大量各种形状和大小的空酒瓶整齐地摆放在贝西曾经的衣柜里。
长难句拓展
1.Keeping a consistent routine, without too many stressful events, and taking breaks when the baby needs to will also help, as will finding out their likes and dislikes.
①小词典
consistent [k n s st nt]
adj. 始终如一的，一贯的；持续的，连续的；固守的，坚持的；一致的，吻合的
routine [ru ti n]
n. 常规，惯例；生活乏味，无聊；（演出中的）一套动作，一系列笑话（等）；老一套，俗套；（计算机）例行程序
adj. 常规的，例行的；平常的，毫不特别的；平淡乏味的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Keeping a consistent routine, without too many stressful events, and taking breaks will also help。when the baby needs to 为时间状语从句，as will finding out their likes and dislikes 为方式状语从句。
③参考译文：保持一贯的生活习惯，避免太多的压力事件，当宝宝需要休息的时候休息也会有所帮助，就像发现他们的喜好一样。
2.As we report now, the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure guaranteed to damage our health.
①小词典
render [ rend (r)]
v. 使成为，使处于某种状态；给予，提供；（以某种方式）表达，表现；粉刷，往（墙上）抹灰；提交，呈报
n. 底灰，底泥
guarantee [ ɡ r n ti ]
v. 确保，保证；担保，为……作保；保修，包换
n. 保证，担保；保修单，质量保证书；担保金，抵押品
②句子分析：本句的主干是 the food police are determined that…，that 引导宾语从句。as we report now 为非限制性定语从句，guaranteed to damage our health 为过去分词作后置定语，修饰 another guilty pleasure。
③参考译文：正如我们现在报告的那样，食品警察坚持认为，这一享受应被视为又一种罪恶的快乐，而这种快乐肯定会损害我们的健康。
3.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide// that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.
①小词典
compound [ k mpa nd]
n. 混合物，化合物；复合词；大院，有围墙的场地
adj. 复合的，混合的；以复利计算的
v. 使加重，使恶化；合成，混合；以复利计算支付；和解，私了
②句子分析：本句的主干是 The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning，about the risks of a compound 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 a public warning；called acrylamide 为过去分词短语作后置定语。that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures 为限制性定语从句，修饰 a compound，其中 cooked at high temperatures 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 some foods。
③参考译文：英国食品标准局(FSA)发布了一项公开警告，称在一些高温烹调的食品中形成的一种叫做丙烯酰胺的化合物存在危害。
长难句精讲精练
1.Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.
【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。
【词语点拨】basis n. 基础；构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础
Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis.
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态。
2. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain.
【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talking about…在句中作宾补。
【词语点拨】listen vi. 听（后面常接介词to）
Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’t listen.
你怎么说他也不听.
We’re going to listen to a report this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去听报告。
【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be having my classes then.
明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。
3. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.
【句式翻译】最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，主语是The recent case，谓语是has exposed，关系代词whose在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Terri Schiavo；关系代词that在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词issues，taken off在句中作宾补。
【词语点拨】1) sensitive adj.敏感的；易受影响的
A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mother’s voice.
婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。
My teeth are really sensitive to hot and cold.
我的牙齿对冷热真地很敏感。
2) surround vt. 包围；环绕, 围绕
You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness.
你会发现，幸福其实就是在你身边。
The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life.
这些图像给参观者产生身处野生动物之中的感觉。
【语法点拨】have sth done有三种含义：1)请别人做某事，相当于get sth done 2)遭受一种不幸3)完成某项工作；在这一结构中，done做宾补，和宾语sth之间是被动关系。如：
We had the computer repaired immediately.
我们立刻请人把电脑修好了。
I had my watch stolen last night.
昨晚我的手表被偷了。
另外，have sb do...让某人去做……，have sb doing让一直做……；在这两个结构中，do和doing和宾语之间都是主动关系。如：
I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park.
我要朋友在公园门口等我。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
3. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.
【句式翻译】法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feeling numb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替to do for…作形式主语。
【词语点拨】1)approval n.批准；同意，赞成
The plan had the approval of the school authorities.
计划得到学校当局的认可。
We expected our plan to meet with approval.
我们希望计划能得到批准。
2)approve v.同意，赞成
Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.
她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。
【语法点拨】1)leave sb doing 让/使某人做……，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave …done。如：
Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.
三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。
His reply left us all rather confused.
他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。
2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如：
It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation.
他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！
Is it difficult to understand the English program.
理解这个英语节目难吗？