2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(399-400)讲义-
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(399-400)讲义- |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 25.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:02:39 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
长难句翻译
She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
长难句翻译解析
She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’。1. for they came and went with such frequency…为原因状语从句；2. that I never even got a chance to learn their names 为结果状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
refer to 谈到，参考，涉及 【名】reference
shifting / f.t / adj. 不断变化的
population / p p.j le . n/ n. 人口，总数 【形】populous 人口稠密的
frequency / fri .kw n.si/ n. 频率 【形】frequent 频繁的
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. 在其自传中，她偶尔提及了她不快乐的学生时代。
They lost their way in the shifting sands of the Sahara. 他们在撒哈拉沙漠的流沙中迷了路。
There’s been a nine percent rise in the prison population. 监狱收押人数上升了9%。
Do you know what frequency the BBC World Service is on 你知道英国广播公司的广播频率是多少吗？
【参考译文】
她总把他们称作“流动人口”，因为他们来去的频率如此之高以至于我都没机会记住他们的名字。
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she was extremely difficult to please。1. Though my aunt pursued…为让步状语从句；2. what was, in those days, an enlightened policy作pursued的宾语从句；3. in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day 为原因状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
pursue /p sju / v. 追求，追究 【名】pursuit
enlightened / n la .t nd/ adj. 开明的，开悟的 【名】enlightenment 启蒙
domestic /d mes.t k/ adj. 国内的，家庭内部的 n. 佣人，保姆
extremely / k stri m.li/ adv. 极其，非常 【名/形】extreme 极端
He’s been pursuing her for months and yet she’s so clearly not interested. 他已经追求她好几个月了，不过很显然她不感兴趣。
These days she’s much more enlightened in her views on education. 近来她对教育的看法开通多了。
Domestic opinion had turned against the war. 国内舆论已转而反对战争。
I’ve never witnessed such extremes of wealth and poverty. 我从未见过如此悬殊的贫富差别。
【参考译文】
尽管我姑姑采取了一项在当时很开明的政策——她从不允许她的家仆一天工作超过八小时，但她极难取悦。
长难句拓展
1.The tally of successful case studies continues to build, reinforcing broader research suggesting that when companies inject data and analytic deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition.
①小词典
reinforce [ ri n f s]
v. 加强，强化（观点、思想或感觉）；加固，使更结实；给……加强力量（或装备），增援；寻求（或得到）增援
n. 加固物
deliver [d l v (r)]
v. 投递，运送；履行，兑现；交付，移交；发表，宣布；接生，分娩；解救，拯救；投掷，击打；（法官或法庭）宣布（判决）；拉（选票）；发行，发布（计算机程序）；处理
productivity [ pr d k t v ti]
n. 生产率，生产力
②句子分析：句子的主干是 The tally of successful case studies continues to build。reinforcing broader research suggesting that when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 suggesting that when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 broader research；that 从句为 suggesting 的宾语；宾语从句的主干为 they can deliver productivity and profit gains，when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations 为时间状语从句，that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为定语从句，修饰先行词 productivity and profit gains。
③参考译文：成功案例研究的统计不断建立，使更多的研究暗示：当公司将数据和分析学深深地注入他们的经营中，他们可以产生高出其他竞争者的 5% —6% 的效率和利润。
2.The power of a plan is that it provides a common language allowing senior executives, technology professionals, data scientists, and managers to discuss where the greatest returns will come from and, more important, to select the two or three places to get started.
①小词典
executive [ ɡ zekj t v]
adj. 行政的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的；供主管人员使用的；（有关）经营管理的，领导的
n. 主管，经理；行政部门，执行委员会
professional [pr fe nl]
adj. 职业的，专业的；非常内行的，极为称职的；（人）职业性的，非业余的；由职业人员参加的
n. 专业人员，专业人士；内行，专家；职业选手；职业教练
②句子分析：句子的主干是 The power of a plan is that...。that 引导表语从句，表语从句的主干为 it provides a common language，allowing senior executives, technology professionals, data scientists, and managers to discuss where the greatest returns will come from and, more important, to select the two or three places to get started 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a common language。
③参考译文：计划的作用在于它提供了一种通用的语言，允许中层管理者、技术专家、数据科学家和经理讨论从何处可以获得最大的回报，更重要的是，让他们能够选择两到三个地方开始。
3.His opening gambits are strong, calling existing deals "terrible" or a "rape of our country" and threatening dire consequences should trading partners fail to respond.
①小词典
gambit [ ɡ mb t]
n. 话题；开始；以取得优势的开局棋法；开场白
rape [re p]
n. 强奸罪，强奸案；（尤指对土地的）破坏，糟蹋；油菜
v. 强奸，强暴；蹂躏，破坏（地方）；掠夺，抢夺
threaten [ θretn]
v. 威胁，恐吓；危及，对……构成威胁；预示凶兆，有……危险
dire [ da (r)]
adj. 极其严重的，极可怕的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 His opening gambits are strong。calling existing deals "terrible" or a "rape of our country" and threatening dire consequences 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，should trading partners fail to respond 为条件状语从句，相当于 If trading partners should fail to respond。
③参考译文：他的开场措辞强硬，称现有协议是“糟糕的”，是在“强暴美国”，并威胁称如果贸易伙伴未能回应，其后果将非常可怕。
With the advent of AI, basic cognitive skills, such as reading and basic numeracy, will not suffice for many jobs, while demand for advanced technological skills, such as coding and programming, will rise, by 55% in 2030, according to our analysis.
①小词典
advent [ dvent]
n. 出现，到来，问世；基督降临节（Advent）
cognitive [ k ɡn t v]
adj. 认识的，认知的
numeracy [ nju m r si]
n. 计算能力，识数
suffice [s fa s]
v. 足够，足以；满足……的需求；有
②句子分析：本句的主干是 basic cognitive skills will not suffice for many jobs。With the advent of AI 为时间状语，such as reading and basic numeracy 为插入语，while demand for advanced technological skills, such as coding and programming, will rise, by 55% in 2030 为让步状语从句，according to our analysis 为插入语。
③参考译文：根据我们的研究，随着人工智能的到来，诸如阅读以及基本的计算能力等基础认知技能已经无法满足大多职位的需求，而对于诸如编码和编程等前沿技术的需求到 2030 年会提升 55% 。
It's usually with one person, often the mother since it tends to be mothers who provide most of the care a baby needs in the early months, but a child can form a bond with more than one adult.
①小词典
tend [tend]
v. 倾向于，往往会；照顾，护理；走向，趋向
form [f m]
v. （使）出现；（使）（关系、习惯或想法）形成；构成，是……的组成部分；陶冶，培养；组织，建立
n. 表，表格；类别，种类；形状，外形；体形；（存在的）形态，形式；（尤指艺术作品或文章的）结构
bond [b nd]
n. 纽带，联系；公债，债券；结合，黏合；承诺，契约；枷锁，桎梏
v. （使）建立亲密关系；与……黏合（或连接）
②句子分析：本句的主干是 It's usually with one person, often the mother, but a child can form a bond with more than one adult，是由 but 连接的并列句。since it tends to be mothers who provide most of the care a baby needs in the early months 为原因状语从句，其中 who provide most of the care 和 a baby needs in the early months 为限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 mothers 和 the care。
③参考译文：通常只与一个人，经常是母亲，因为在婴儿出生的最初几个月里，母亲提供了婴儿所需的大部分护理，但是孩子可以和一个以上的成年人建立纽带联系。
长难句精讲精练
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合……
They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.
我们到那里时她会已上班去了。
2.In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
【词语点拨】1) celebrate vt.庆祝
The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。
2) affect vt.影响，感动
I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.
我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
3.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。
【词语点拨】attempt v.& n.尝试，试图
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：
What was he writing all day last Sunday
上周日他一整天都在写什么？
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。
She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
长难句翻译解析
She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 She always referred to them as ‘the shifting population’。1. for they came and went with such frequency…为原因状语从句；2. that I never even got a chance to learn their names 为结果状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
refer to 谈到，参考，涉及 【名】reference
shifting / f.t / adj. 不断变化的
population / p p.j le . n/ n. 人口，总数 【形】populous 人口稠密的
frequency / fri .kw n.si/ n. 频率 【形】frequent 频繁的
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. 在其自传中，她偶尔提及了她不快乐的学生时代。
They lost their way in the shifting sands of the Sahara. 他们在撒哈拉沙漠的流沙中迷了路。
There’s been a nine percent rise in the prison population. 监狱收押人数上升了9%。
Do you know what frequency the BBC World Service is on 你知道英国广播公司的广播频率是多少吗？
【参考译文】
她总把他们称作“流动人口”，因为他们来去的频率如此之高以至于我都没机会记住他们的名字。
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 she was extremely difficult to please。1. Though my aunt pursued…为让步状语从句；2. what was, in those days, an enlightened policy作pursued的宾语从句；3. in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day 为原因状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
pursue /p sju / v. 追求，追究 【名】pursuit
enlightened / n la .t nd/ adj. 开明的，开悟的 【名】enlightenment 启蒙
domestic /d mes.t k/ adj. 国内的，家庭内部的 n. 佣人，保姆
extremely / k stri m.li/ adv. 极其，非常 【名/形】extreme 极端
He’s been pursuing her for months and yet she’s so clearly not interested. 他已经追求她好几个月了，不过很显然她不感兴趣。
These days she’s much more enlightened in her views on education. 近来她对教育的看法开通多了。
Domestic opinion had turned against the war. 国内舆论已转而反对战争。
I’ve never witnessed such extremes of wealth and poverty. 我从未见过如此悬殊的贫富差别。
【参考译文】
尽管我姑姑采取了一项在当时很开明的政策——她从不允许她的家仆一天工作超过八小时，但她极难取悦。
长难句拓展
1.The tally of successful case studies continues to build, reinforcing broader research suggesting that when companies inject data and analytic deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition.
①小词典
reinforce [ ri n f s]
v. 加强，强化（观点、思想或感觉）；加固，使更结实；给……加强力量（或装备），增援；寻求（或得到）增援
n. 加固物
deliver [d l v (r)]
v. 投递，运送；履行，兑现；交付，移交；发表，宣布；接生，分娩；解救，拯救；投掷，击打；（法官或法庭）宣布（判决）；拉（选票）；发行，发布（计算机程序）；处理
productivity [ pr d k t v ti]
n. 生产率，生产力
②句子分析：句子的主干是 The tally of successful case studies continues to build。reinforcing broader research suggesting that when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 suggesting that when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations, they can deliver productivity and profit gains that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 broader research；that 从句为 suggesting 的宾语；宾语从句的主干为 they can deliver productivity and profit gains，when companies inject data and analytics deep into their operations 为时间状语从句，that are 5 to 6 percent higher than those of the competition 为定语从句，修饰先行词 productivity and profit gains。
③参考译文：成功案例研究的统计不断建立，使更多的研究暗示：当公司将数据和分析学深深地注入他们的经营中，他们可以产生高出其他竞争者的 5% —6% 的效率和利润。
2.The power of a plan is that it provides a common language allowing senior executives, technology professionals, data scientists, and managers to discuss where the greatest returns will come from and, more important, to select the two or three places to get started.
①小词典
executive [ ɡ zekj t v]
adj. 行政的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的；供主管人员使用的；（有关）经营管理的，领导的
n. 主管，经理；行政部门，执行委员会
professional [pr fe nl]
adj. 职业的，专业的；非常内行的，极为称职的；（人）职业性的，非业余的；由职业人员参加的
n. 专业人员，专业人士；内行，专家；职业选手；职业教练
②句子分析：句子的主干是 The power of a plan is that...。that 引导表语从句，表语从句的主干为 it provides a common language，allowing senior executives, technology professionals, data scientists, and managers to discuss where the greatest returns will come from and, more important, to select the two or three places to get started 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a common language。
③参考译文：计划的作用在于它提供了一种通用的语言，允许中层管理者、技术专家、数据科学家和经理讨论从何处可以获得最大的回报，更重要的是，让他们能够选择两到三个地方开始。
3.His opening gambits are strong, calling existing deals "terrible" or a "rape of our country" and threatening dire consequences should trading partners fail to respond.
①小词典
gambit [ ɡ mb t]
n. 话题；开始；以取得优势的开局棋法；开场白
rape [re p]
n. 强奸罪，强奸案；（尤指对土地的）破坏，糟蹋；油菜
v. 强奸，强暴；蹂躏，破坏（地方）；掠夺，抢夺
threaten [ θretn]
v. 威胁，恐吓；危及，对……构成威胁；预示凶兆，有……危险
dire [ da (r)]
adj. 极其严重的，极可怕的
②句子分析：本句的主干是 His opening gambits are strong。calling existing deals "terrible" or a "rape of our country" and threatening dire consequences 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，should trading partners fail to respond 为条件状语从句，相当于 If trading partners should fail to respond。
③参考译文：他的开场措辞强硬，称现有协议是“糟糕的”，是在“强暴美国”，并威胁称如果贸易伙伴未能回应，其后果将非常可怕。
With the advent of AI, basic cognitive skills, such as reading and basic numeracy, will not suffice for many jobs, while demand for advanced technological skills, such as coding and programming, will rise, by 55% in 2030, according to our analysis.
①小词典
advent [ dvent]
n. 出现，到来，问世；基督降临节（Advent）
cognitive [ k ɡn t v]
adj. 认识的，认知的
numeracy [ nju m r si]
n. 计算能力，识数
suffice [s fa s]
v. 足够，足以；满足……的需求；有
②句子分析：本句的主干是 basic cognitive skills will not suffice for many jobs。With the advent of AI 为时间状语，such as reading and basic numeracy 为插入语，while demand for advanced technological skills, such as coding and programming, will rise, by 55% in 2030 为让步状语从句，according to our analysis 为插入语。
③参考译文：根据我们的研究，随着人工智能的到来，诸如阅读以及基本的计算能力等基础认知技能已经无法满足大多职位的需求，而对于诸如编码和编程等前沿技术的需求到 2030 年会提升 55% 。
It's usually with one person, often the mother since it tends to be mothers who provide most of the care a baby needs in the early months, but a child can form a bond with more than one adult.
①小词典
tend [tend]
v. 倾向于，往往会；照顾，护理；走向，趋向
form [f m]
v. （使）出现；（使）（关系、习惯或想法）形成；构成，是……的组成部分；陶冶，培养；组织，建立
n. 表，表格；类别，种类；形状，外形；体形；（存在的）形态，形式；（尤指艺术作品或文章的）结构
bond [b nd]
n. 纽带，联系；公债，债券；结合，黏合；承诺，契约；枷锁，桎梏
v. （使）建立亲密关系；与……黏合（或连接）
②句子分析：本句的主干是 It's usually with one person, often the mother, but a child can form a bond with more than one adult，是由 but 连接的并列句。since it tends to be mothers who provide most of the care a baby needs in the early months 为原因状语从句，其中 who provide most of the care 和 a baby needs in the early months 为限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 mothers 和 the care。
③参考译文：通常只与一个人，经常是母亲，因为在婴儿出生的最初几个月里，母亲提供了婴儿所需的大部分护理，但是孩子可以和一个以上的成年人建立纽带联系。
长难句精讲精练
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合……
They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.
我们到那里时她会已上班去了。
2.In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
【词语点拨】1) celebrate vt.庆祝
The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。
2) affect vt.影响，感动
I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.
我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
3.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。
【词语点拨】attempt v.& n.尝试，试图
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：
What was he writing all day last Sunday
上周日他一整天都在写什么？
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。