2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(397-398)讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(397-398)讲义- |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:01:30 | ||
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长难句翻译
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
长难句翻译解析
1.She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 She was sentimentally attached to this house。1. For…she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death 为原因状语从句；2. even though it was far too big for her needs 为让步状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
sentimentally / sen.t men.t l.i/ adv. 情感上 【名】sentiment 情绪，伤感
attach / t t / v. 连接，附上【组】be attached to 附在，依恋 【反】detach 拆掉
persist /p s st/ v. 持续，坚持不懈 【近】insist 坚持说
I’m not materialistic and I try not to get sentimentally attached to anything. 我不太物质，努力不在情感上依附任何东西。
Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer. 用这根数据线连接打印机和电脑。
The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. 寒冷天气很可能将持续整个星期。
If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. 如果他没完没了地问令人尴尬的问题，就把他打发到老板那里去。
【参考译文】
她在情感上很依恋这所房子，因为尽管她根本不需要这么大的房子，她在丈夫死后仍坚持住在那儿。
2.The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
【语法详析】
没什么好说的，用分号连接的三个简单句
【词汇精讲】
parquet / pɑ .ke / n. 镶木地板 【辨】banquet 宴会
polish / p l. / v.n. 擦（亮）【辨】Polish 波兰的，波兰人（语）
gleaming / ɡli .m / adj. 光洁闪亮的 【名/动】gleam 闪烁
cabinet / k b. .n t/ n. 内阁，贮藏柜
miraculously /m r k.j .l s.li/ adv. 奇迹地 【名】miracle奇迹
free from 没有
Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather. 定期擦拭你的鞋以保护皮革。
The President is completing the selection of his new Cabinet. 总统即将完成他的新内阁名单。
Valuable pieces of china were on display in a glass-fronted cabinet. 贵重瓷器陈列在正面是玻璃的柜子里。
Many claim to have been miraculously cured by the spring waters. 很多人声称被这个泉水奇迹般地治好了。
【参考译文】
镶木地板像镜子一样闪亮；擦得铮亮的银器被陈列在光亮的玻璃柜里；甚至我姑父大量的藏书也奇迹般地一尘不染。
长难句拓展
1.A joint bank account seemed to blur each individual's financial contributions at a time when women are earning more than they used to.
①小词典
joint [d nt]
adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的；连带的
n. 关节；（两个物体或部分的）接合处，接缝
blur [bl (r)]
n. 模糊不清的事物；模糊的记忆，记不清的事情；污迹
v. （使）看不清楚，记不清；（使）难以区分；玷污
individual [ nd v d u l]
adj. 单独的，个别的；个人的；独特的，与众不同的
n. 个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人
②句子分析：本句的主干是 A joint bank account seemed to blur each individual's financial contributions at a time。when women are earning more than they used to 为定语从句，修饰先行词 at a time。
③参考译文：一个联名银行账户似乎模糊了个人的财务贡献，特别是目前女性赚的比以前更多。
2.It's easy to interpret these fears as a warning that something will go wrong and a sign that we weren't meant to be on the stage in the first place.
①小词典
interpret [ n t pr t]
v. 解释，说明；口译；把……理解为；演绎
warning [ w n ]
n. 警示，提醒，告诫；（对不良行为的）警告；预告，预兆
adj. 表示警告的，告诫的
v. 提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕；劝告（使有所防备），告诫；警告（warn 的现在分词）
②句子分析：本句的主干是 It's easy to interpret these fears as a warning and a sign，其中 It 为形式主语，真正主语为 to interpret these fears as a warning and a sign。that something will go wrong 和 that we weren't meant to be on the stage in the first place 均为同位语从句，分别修饰 a warning 和 a sign。
3.Stronger public-health systems would help fight such diseases as tuberculosis, which reduces global GDP by $ 12 billion a year, and malaria, which takes an even bigger toll.
①小词典
disease [d zi z]
n. 疾病，病害；弊病，恶习
v. 传染，使……有病
toll [t l]
n. （道路、桥梁等的）通行费；<美>长途电话费；（事故、灾难、战争等的）伤亡人数；严重的不良影响；（缓慢的）钟声
v. （缓慢地）敲（钟），鸣（钟）；鸣钟告知；收取（桥梁或道路的）通行费
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Stronger public-health systems would help fight such diseases as tuberculosis and malaria。which reduces global GDP by $ 12 billion a year 和 which takes an even bigger toll 皆为非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 tuberculosis 和 malaria。tuberculosis 指肺结核，malaria 指疟疾。
③参考译文：若公共健康体系更加完善，将有利于防治肺结核、疟疾等疾病，肺结核每年造成全球国民经济总值损失 120 亿美金，而疟疾造成的损失更严重。
4.Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment.
①小词典
executive [ ɡ zekj t v]
adj. 行政的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的；供主管人员使用的；（有关）经营管理的，领导的
n. 主管，经理；行政部门，执行委员会
historically [h st r kli]
adv. 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说；在过去，历史上地
②句子分析：句子的主干是 Absolute Value shows that...，其中 that 引导宾语从句。a new book by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive 为 Absolute Value 的同位语，其中 by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive 为后置定语修饰 a new book，a marketing professor at Stanford 和 a former software executive 分别为 Itamar Simonson 和 Emanuel Rosen 的同位语，that 引导的宾语从句为主系表结构的简单句。
③参考译文：斯坦福大学市场营销学教授伊特玛·西蒙森以及前软件公司高管伊曼纽尔·罗森合著的新书 《绝对价值》中提到，过去，品牌的崛起是对信息匮乏的大环境的一种反应。
长难句精讲精练
1.She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
【句式分析】本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
【词语点拨】take on 承担；呈现
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.
变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。
【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更……些”或“较……”。Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。
In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge.
一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。
2. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
【句式翻译】也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。
【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词the time和the more time。
【词语点拨】1) devote vt.献身；专心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作宾语，构成短语be devoted to=devote oneself to献身于，致力于；to为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。
Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。
After her marriage, the singer couldn’t devote herself totally to her music. 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。
2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事”，其中的介词in可以省略。
Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。
It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。
【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”，
3.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.
【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。
【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。
【词语点拨】gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得
We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.
我们从反复训练中获取知识。
They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.
他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。
【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如：
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected.
当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
4.By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合……
They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.
我们到那里时她会已上班去了。
She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
长难句翻译解析
1.She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 She was sentimentally attached to this house。1. For…she persisted in living there long after her husband’s death 为原因状语从句；2. even though it was far too big for her needs 为让步状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
sentimentally / sen.t men.t l.i/ adv. 情感上 【名】sentiment 情绪，伤感
attach / t t / v. 连接，附上【组】be attached to 附在，依恋 【反】detach 拆掉
persist /p s st/ v. 持续，坚持不懈 【近】insist 坚持说
I’m not materialistic and I try not to get sentimentally attached to anything. 我不太物质，努力不在情感上依附任何东西。
Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer. 用这根数据线连接打印机和电脑。
The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. 寒冷天气很可能将持续整个星期。
If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. 如果他没完没了地问令人尴尬的问题，就把他打发到老板那里去。
【参考译文】
她在情感上很依恋这所房子，因为尽管她根本不需要这么大的房子，她在丈夫死后仍坚持住在那儿。
2.The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle’s huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.
【语法详析】
没什么好说的，用分号连接的三个简单句
【词汇精讲】
parquet / pɑ .ke / n. 镶木地板 【辨】banquet 宴会
polish / p l. / v.n. 擦（亮）【辨】Polish 波兰的，波兰人（语）
gleaming / ɡli .m / adj. 光洁闪亮的 【名/动】gleam 闪烁
cabinet / k b. .n t/ n. 内阁，贮藏柜
miraculously /m r k.j .l s.li/ adv. 奇迹地 【名】miracle奇迹
free from 没有
Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather. 定期擦拭你的鞋以保护皮革。
The President is completing the selection of his new Cabinet. 总统即将完成他的新内阁名单。
Valuable pieces of china were on display in a glass-fronted cabinet. 贵重瓷器陈列在正面是玻璃的柜子里。
Many claim to have been miraculously cured by the spring waters. 很多人声称被这个泉水奇迹般地治好了。
【参考译文】
镶木地板像镜子一样闪亮；擦得铮亮的银器被陈列在光亮的玻璃柜里；甚至我姑父大量的藏书也奇迹般地一尘不染。
长难句拓展
1.A joint bank account seemed to blur each individual's financial contributions at a time when women are earning more than they used to.
①小词典
joint [d nt]
adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的；连带的
n. 关节；（两个物体或部分的）接合处，接缝
blur [bl (r)]
n. 模糊不清的事物；模糊的记忆，记不清的事情；污迹
v. （使）看不清楚，记不清；（使）难以区分；玷污
individual [ nd v d u l]
adj. 单独的，个别的；个人的；独特的，与众不同的
n. 个人，个体；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人
②句子分析：本句的主干是 A joint bank account seemed to blur each individual's financial contributions at a time。when women are earning more than they used to 为定语从句，修饰先行词 at a time。
③参考译文：一个联名银行账户似乎模糊了个人的财务贡献，特别是目前女性赚的比以前更多。
2.It's easy to interpret these fears as a warning that something will go wrong and a sign that we weren't meant to be on the stage in the first place.
①小词典
interpret [ n t pr t]
v. 解释，说明；口译；把……理解为；演绎
warning [ w n ]
n. 警示，提醒，告诫；（对不良行为的）警告；预告，预兆
adj. 表示警告的，告诫的
v. 提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕；劝告（使有所防备），告诫；警告（warn 的现在分词）
②句子分析：本句的主干是 It's easy to interpret these fears as a warning and a sign，其中 It 为形式主语，真正主语为 to interpret these fears as a warning and a sign。that something will go wrong 和 that we weren't meant to be on the stage in the first place 均为同位语从句，分别修饰 a warning 和 a sign。
3.Stronger public-health systems would help fight such diseases as tuberculosis, which reduces global GDP by $ 12 billion a year, and malaria, which takes an even bigger toll.
①小词典
disease [d zi z]
n. 疾病，病害；弊病，恶习
v. 传染，使……有病
toll [t l]
n. （道路、桥梁等的）通行费；<美>长途电话费；（事故、灾难、战争等的）伤亡人数；严重的不良影响；（缓慢的）钟声
v. （缓慢地）敲（钟），鸣（钟）；鸣钟告知；收取（桥梁或道路的）通行费
②句子分析：本句的主干是 Stronger public-health systems would help fight such diseases as tuberculosis and malaria。which reduces global GDP by $ 12 billion a year 和 which takes an even bigger toll 皆为非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词 tuberculosis 和 malaria。tuberculosis 指肺结核，malaria 指疟疾。
③参考译文：若公共健康体系更加完善，将有利于防治肺结核、疟疾等疾病，肺结核每年造成全球国民经济总值损失 120 亿美金，而疟疾造成的损失更严重。
4.Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment.
①小词典
executive [ ɡ zekj t v]
adj. 行政的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的；供主管人员使用的；（有关）经营管理的，领导的
n. 主管，经理；行政部门，执行委员会
historically [h st r kli]
adv. 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说；在过去，历史上地
②句子分析：句子的主干是 Absolute Value shows that...，其中 that 引导宾语从句。a new book by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive 为 Absolute Value 的同位语，其中 by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive 为后置定语修饰 a new book，a marketing professor at Stanford 和 a former software executive 分别为 Itamar Simonson 和 Emanuel Rosen 的同位语，that 引导的宾语从句为主系表结构的简单句。
③参考译文：斯坦福大学市场营销学教授伊特玛·西蒙森以及前软件公司高管伊曼纽尔·罗森合著的新书 《绝对价值》中提到，过去，品牌的崛起是对信息匮乏的大环境的一种反应。
长难句精讲精练
1.She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
【句式分析】本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
【词语点拨】take on 承担；呈现
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.
变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。
【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更……些”或“较……”。Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。
In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge.
一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。
2. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
【句式翻译】也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。
【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词the time和the more time。
【词语点拨】1) devote vt.献身；专心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作宾语，构成短语be devoted to=devote oneself to献身于，致力于；to为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。
Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。
After her marriage, the singer couldn’t devote herself totally to her music. 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。
2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事”，其中的介词in可以省略。
Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。
It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。
【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”，
3.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.
【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。
【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。
【词语点拨】gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得
We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.
我们从反复训练中获取知识。
They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.
他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。
【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如：
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected.
当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
4.By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合……
They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.
我们到那里时她会已上班去了。