2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(405-406)讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(405-406)讲义- |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:02:05 | ||
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长难句翻译
1.We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
长难句翻译
We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 We resolve to…，get, find, do, be, drive, take 为并列不定式。
【词汇精讲】
resolve /r z lv/ v. 解决，决定 【名】resolution 决心 【辨】involve 包括，涉及，dissolve 溶解，解除
resolution / rez. lu . n/ n. 决心，决议 【辨】revolution 革命，evolution 进化，solution 解决方案
The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 这对夫妻消除了他们之间的分歧，尽力融洽相处。
She resolved that she would never speak to him again. 她决心再也不理他。
I made a resolution to give up chocolate. 我下决心不再吃巧克力了。
The United Nations passed a resolution to increase aid to developing nations. 联合国通过了一项向发展中国家增加援助的决议。
【参考译文】
我们决心每天早晨起得早点，吃得少点，陪孩子们玩的时间多点，家务多做点，对不喜欢的人友善点，开车小心点，每天溜溜狗。
2.Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement，because our schemes are too ambitious…为原因状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
scheme /ski m/ n. 方案，计划 v. 密谋 【辨】schema 提纲，略图
ambitious / m b . s/ adj. 有抱负的，雄心勃勃的 【名】ambition 野心，抱负【辨】ambiguous 模糊不清的
Under the current marking scheme, you need 90 percent to get an A. 在现在的评卷系统下，你必须有90分才能得A。
For months he had been scheming to prevent her from getting the top job. 数月以来，他一直在密谋阻止她得到这个最高职位。
He’s very ambitious for his children. 他望子成龙。
【参考译文】
我们大多数人想自我提升都失败了，因为我们的规划过于宏大，根本没有时间去实施。
长难句拓展
The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021.
①小词典
award [ w d]
n. 奖，奖品；（收入的）增加；（赔偿）裁定额；（毕业证书等的）授予；奖学金
v. 授予，颁发；判给，裁定典
②句子分析：本句的主干为 The proposal is that...，that引导表语从句。which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021 为非限定性定语从句，修饰 title。
③参考译文：其建议是，这个奖项并列于现有的“文化之城”头衔，“文化之城”头衔是由赫尔于2017年设立，并已授予考文垂市为2021年的英国文化之城。
Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.
①小词典
prestigious [pre st d s]
adj. 有威望的，有声望的
sought-after [ s t ɑ ft (r)]
adj. 受欢迎的，很吃香的
②句子分析：本句的主干是Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize。that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008 为同位语从句，修饰 the fact，其中 a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008 为 the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture 的同位语。
③参考译文：一些人可能会将这项提议看作是形同虚设，因为在1990年格拉斯哥和2008年利物浦先后获得“欧洲文化之都” 这个受欢迎的称号之后，英国不能再申请这个更具声望的称号了。
3.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.
①小词典
drastic [ dr st k]
adj. 极端的，激烈的
emergence [ m d ns]n. 出现，显现；崭露头角；摆脱困境
②句子分析：本句的主干是 The most drastic reaction, and thoroughly illegal, has been the emergence of Sci-Hub。a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers 为 Sci-Hub 的同位语，set up in 2012为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 Sci-Hub，which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Sci-Hub，其中 published since 2015为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 paywalled article
③参考译文：最激烈、最彻底的违法反应是，2012年成立的Sci-Hub（一种全球科技论文下载网站）的出现，该公司现在宣称，可以付费下载2015年以来发表的每一篇论文。
4.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
①小词典
sponsor [ sp ns (r)]
n. 赞助者，赞助商；（培训或教育的）资助者；（慈善活动的）捐款者，捐资机构；法案的倡议者；担保人，保证人；（宗教事宜中的）引领人
v. 赞助（活动、节目等）；为慈善活动捐资，为义赛捐款；倡议，提交（法案等）；主办，促成；纵容；为……担保
parity [ p r ti]
n.（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同；（两个不同国家的货币单位的）平价，等价；（数字）奇偶性；（物理）宇称
②句子分析：本句的主干是 A pair of bills provide a case in point。sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 A pair of bills；to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions 为目的状语。
③参考译文：马赛诸塞州参议员杰森·刘易斯和临时议长帕特里夏·哈达德为确保董事会和委员会的“性别平等”而提出的两项议案就是一个很好的例子。
长难句精讲精练
1.Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speech writing for the White House.
【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。
【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语to work…和to serve…都作定语，修饰the first African American。
【词语点拨】serve v. 服务；用作；端上
We found that birch bark could serve as paper.
我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。
Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.
空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。
Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner.
请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。
【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest ...+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的……做某事的人/物”。 如：
The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。
New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.
新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。
2.The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning -- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神—已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，to succeed修饰desire，作定语。
【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
Tom rather than his friends has been chosen.
是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone.
我决定发邮件而不是打电话。
【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance, movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如：
Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others.
格林先生能做到扬人之长。
3.When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher -- to be a published writer -- is unbelievably rewarding.
【句式翻译】当着手去做不同的事情，看不到结果，所以，发现自己的名字写在出版商的合同上—要成为一个出版作家—是令人难以置信的回报。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，包含有三个从句，when引导时间状语从句，so引导结果状语从句，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词position，to find …在句中作主语。
【词语点拨】rewarding adj. 值得的；有报酬的
So far my time with these children has been very rewarding.
到目前为止,我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。
Government service can be a rewarding and secure career.
政府部门的工作可以很有回报，很有保障。
【语法点拨】动词不定式可以作主语，位于句首。如果动词不定式短语过长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置，如：
To obey the law is the duty of everybody.
遵守法律人人有责。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
4.To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop…在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者
Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.
一些大学生自愿到农村去。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.
目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。
【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：
One should get enough exercise to keep healthy.
为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。
To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.
为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。
1.We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
长难句翻译
We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don’t like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 We resolve to…，get, find, do, be, drive, take 为并列不定式。
【词汇精讲】
resolve /r z lv/ v. 解决，决定 【名】resolution 决心 【辨】involve 包括，涉及，dissolve 溶解，解除
resolution / rez. lu . n/ n. 决心，决议 【辨】revolution 革命，evolution 进化，solution 解决方案
The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. 这对夫妻消除了他们之间的分歧，尽力融洽相处。
She resolved that she would never speak to him again. 她决心再也不理他。
I made a resolution to give up chocolate. 我下决心不再吃巧克力了。
The United Nations passed a resolution to increase aid to developing nations. 联合国通过了一项向发展中国家增加援助的决议。
【参考译文】
我们决心每天早晨起得早点，吃得少点，陪孩子们玩的时间多点，家务多做点，对不喜欢的人友善点，开车小心点，每天溜溜狗。
2.Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement，because our schemes are too ambitious…为原因状语从句。
【词汇精讲】
scheme /ski m/ n. 方案，计划 v. 密谋 【辨】schema 提纲，略图
ambitious / m b . s/ adj. 有抱负的，雄心勃勃的 【名】ambition 野心，抱负【辨】ambiguous 模糊不清的
Under the current marking scheme, you need 90 percent to get an A. 在现在的评卷系统下，你必须有90分才能得A。
For months he had been scheming to prevent her from getting the top job. 数月以来，他一直在密谋阻止她得到这个最高职位。
He’s very ambitious for his children. 他望子成龙。
【参考译文】
我们大多数人想自我提升都失败了，因为我们的规划过于宏大，根本没有时间去实施。
长难句拓展
The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021.
①小词典
award [ w d]
n. 奖，奖品；（收入的）增加；（赔偿）裁定额；（毕业证书等的）授予；奖学金
v. 授予，颁发；判给，裁定典
②句子分析：本句的主干为 The proposal is that...，that引导表语从句。which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021 为非限定性定语从句，修饰 title。
③参考译文：其建议是，这个奖项并列于现有的“文化之城”头衔，“文化之城”头衔是由赫尔于2017年设立，并已授予考文垂市为2021年的英国文化之城。
Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.
①小词典
prestigious [pre st d s]
adj. 有威望的，有声望的
sought-after [ s t ɑ ft (r)]
adj. 受欢迎的，很吃香的
②句子分析：本句的主干是Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize。that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008 为同位语从句，修饰 the fact，其中 a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008 为 the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture 的同位语。
③参考译文：一些人可能会将这项提议看作是形同虚设，因为在1990年格拉斯哥和2008年利物浦先后获得“欧洲文化之都” 这个受欢迎的称号之后，英国不能再申请这个更具声望的称号了。
3.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.
①小词典
drastic [ dr st k]
adj. 极端的，激烈的
emergence [ m d ns]n. 出现，显现；崭露头角；摆脱困境
②句子分析：本句的主干是 The most drastic reaction, and thoroughly illegal, has been the emergence of Sci-Hub。a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers 为 Sci-Hub 的同位语，set up in 2012为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 Sci-Hub，which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Sci-Hub，其中 published since 2015为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 paywalled article
③参考译文：最激烈、最彻底的违法反应是，2012年成立的Sci-Hub（一种全球科技论文下载网站）的出现，该公司现在宣称，可以付费下载2015年以来发表的每一篇论文。
4.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.
①小词典
sponsor [ sp ns (r)]
n. 赞助者，赞助商；（培训或教育的）资助者；（慈善活动的）捐款者，捐资机构；法案的倡议者；担保人，保证人；（宗教事宜中的）引领人
v. 赞助（活动、节目等）；为慈善活动捐资，为义赛捐款；倡议，提交（法案等）；主办，促成；纵容；为……担保
parity [ p r ti]
n.（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同；（两个不同国家的货币单位的）平价，等价；（数字）奇偶性；（物理）宇称
②句子分析：本句的主干是 A pair of bills provide a case in point。sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 A pair of bills；to ensure“gender parity”on boards and commissions 为目的状语。
③参考译文：马赛诸塞州参议员杰森·刘易斯和临时议长帕特里夏·哈达德为确保董事会和委员会的“性别平等”而提出的两项议案就是一个很好的例子。
长难句精讲精练
1.Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speech writing for the White House.
【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。
【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语to work…和to serve…都作定语，修饰the first African American。
【词语点拨】serve v. 服务；用作；端上
We found that birch bark could serve as paper.
我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。
Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.
空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。
Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner.
请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。
【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest ...+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的……做某事的人/物”。 如：
The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。
New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.
新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。
2.The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning -- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
【句式翻译】奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神—已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。
【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，to succeed修饰desire，作定语。
【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
Tom rather than his friends has been chosen.
是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone.
我决定发邮件而不是打电话。
【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance, movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如：
Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others.
格林先生能做到扬人之长。
3.When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher -- to be a published writer -- is unbelievably rewarding.
【句式翻译】当着手去做不同的事情，看不到结果，所以，发现自己的名字写在出版商的合同上—要成为一个出版作家—是令人难以置信的回报。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，包含有三个从句，when引导时间状语从句，so引导结果状语从句，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词position，to find …在句中作主语。
【词语点拨】rewarding adj. 值得的；有报酬的
So far my time with these children has been very rewarding.
到目前为止,我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。
Government service can be a rewarding and secure career.
政府部门的工作可以很有回报，很有保障。
【语法点拨】动词不定式可以作主语，位于句首。如果动词不定式短语过长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置，如：
To obey the law is the duty of everybody.
遵守法律人人有责。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
4.To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop…在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者
Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.
一些大学生自愿到农村去。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.
目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。
【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：
One should get enough exercise to keep healthy.
为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。
To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.
为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。