2024届高考英语听力阅读理解必考答案线索词（31-40）讲义

31.pledge /pled / n. 保证，誓言
32.position /p 'zi n/ n. 位置，职位，职务
33.predecessor /'pri:dises (r)/ n. 前任，原有的事物
34.premise /'premis/ n. 前提，假设
35.prescription /pri'skrip n/ n. 处方
36.preservation / prez 'vei n/ n. 保护，防护
37.prestige /pre'sti: / n. 威信，威望
38.priority /prai' r ti/ n. 优先(权)
39.prospect /'pr spekt/ n. 前景，可能性
40.rate /reit/ n. 速度 v. 评价，评估
【例句】
pledge /pled / (保证，誓言)=promise/assurance 诺言
They have truly lived up to their pledge.
他们确实照他们的誓言做了.
In the prison Padre Montanelli tempted Arthur to come over and pledge allegiance.
在监牢里,蒙太尼里诱劝亚瑟改变立场并立下结盟誓言.
ensure, insure, assure, guarantee, pledge, promise
这些动词都有"保证"之意。
ensure： 侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。
insure常与ensure换用，但前者多指经济方面的保证、保险。
assure： 侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，从而有达到目的的保证感，但不如ensure普通。
guarantee： 指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证。
pledge： 正式用词，指通过郑重许诺、协议或立誓等保证承担某一义务或遵守某一原则。
promise： 侧重表自己的主观意向，设法用语言使人感到稳当可靠。
oath, pledge, vow
这些名词均含"誓言"之意。
oath： 指对上帝或神发出的庄严、正式的誓言以示自己话语的真实性。现多用于法庭上。
pledge： 普通用词，指保证去做或不做某事的郑重许诺。
vow： 指庄严的许诺或誓约。
pledge, guarantee, assurance
这些名词均有"保证，担保"之意。
pledge： 普通用词，指严肃地承诺、信守原则，常以个人名誉作为承诺的保证。
guarantee： 一般指以口头的、协定或合同的形式作为保证、担保，强调口头承诺，含违背许诺，则予以补偿之意。
assurance： 指用语言保证以消除人们思想上的怀疑与担心。
position /p 'zi n/ (位置，职位，职务)
n.职位；职务
Hyundai said this week it is scaling back its U.S. operations by eliminating 50 positions.
现代公司本周表示其美国分公司准备裁掉50个职位以缩小经营规模。
n.位置；地方
Where would be the best position for the lights
这些灯装在什么位置最好？
n.（队员的）职责，位置，角色=role 角色
This conservatory enjoys an enviable position overlooking a leafy expanse.
这个温室位置绝佳，放眼望去，草木繁茂，郁郁葱葱。
n.（坐、立的）姿态，姿势；放置方式 拓展： gesture手势/attitude态度
“Sit in an upright position.” 可以翻译为“保持端正的姿势坐着”。
n.地位；等级= status/standing 地位
Beijing Guoan contested the group stage of the ACL this year and are in a strong position to qualify for the tournament for a second time.
北京国安队有争议的小组赛阶段的ACL，今年正处于强有力的地位，以资格赛第二次。
n.处境；地位；状况
When God brings any of His children into a position of unparalleled difficulty, they may always count upon Him to deliver them.
所以当神把他的孩子们带到前所未有的困境时，他们总能够指望他来搭救他们。
n.观点；态度；立场 viewpoint观点
What's your position on climate change ” 可以翻译为“你对气候变化持什么立场？”在这种情况下，“position”指的是某人的看法或态度。
v.安装；安置；使处于
Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕。
真题解释：
Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.
调整到直立姿势是相当大的挑战，尤其是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文
After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
爬上一座小山，欣赏到蓝色的大海、白色的建筑和绿色的橄榄树的全景后，我停下来喘了口气，然后摆好姿势，拍下了这张全景的最佳照片。
2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.
数据可以加强巨头的控制地位。
2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项
I didn't come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get a master's degree in fine arts.我不是来自一个富有或地位的家庭，但我确实设法获得了美术硕士学位。
2016年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文
If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate.
如果志愿者职位不能满足这些需求，人们可能不想参加。
2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Its position presents its own challenges.
中国的立场也带来了挑战。
2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.
影响他们作为志愿者满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志愿者岗位上经历的痛苦程度。
2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.
英国人阶级地位不变的一个方面是口音。
2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
一些职位要求学生年龄在15到24岁之间，残疾学生则需要29岁。
2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
Sorry, doctor white is out of town and I'm not in the position to give out that kind of information.
对不起，怀特医生出城了，我不能提供这方面的信息。
2015年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文
Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games.
这个职位的学生将在篮球比赛期间进行现场统计。
2016年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
predecessor /'pri:dises (r)/ (前任，原有的事物)
The new president reversed many of the policies of his predecessor.
新任总统彻底改变了其前任的许多政策。
He maintained that he learned everything he knew from his predecessor Kenneth Sisam.
他坚称他所知道的一切都获自前任肯尼思·赛瑟姆。
premise /'premis/ (前提，假设)=presupposition/precondition/prerequisite前提
这里有个小技巧： pre-前缀一般意思为 提前的意思，如果说同义替换的词出现超纲不懂的情况，我们就可以浏览一下选项中哪个词带pre-前缀。
His reasoning is based on the premise that all people are equally capable of good and evil.
他的推理是以人可以为善亦可以为恶为前提的。
prescription /pri'skrip n/ (处方)
(North Amercian English)Antibiotics are only available by prescription .
抗生素只能凭处方购买。
They are not available without a prescription.
这些药没有处方不能出售。
preservation / prez 'vei n/ (保护，防护)=protect/defend/safeguard/guard保护
Conservation is an issue which gets a lot of attention these days — whether it means preserving old buildings, or protecting the environment.
资源保护是目前备受关注的问题——不管它指的是对古建筑的保护，还是对环境的保护。
Wetland projects provide an opportunity to positively contribute to regional biodiversity and preservation of natural ecosystems.
湿地项目对区域生物多样性和自然生态系统的保护有积极的贡献.
prestige /pre'sti: / (威信，威望)
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige
为什么商机机构有这么大的威望 呢
In particular, to have lost authority and prestige for the Chinese Football Association.
尤其对于已经失去权威和威信的中国足协来说.
priority /prai' r ti/ (优先(权))
n.优先；优先权；重点=leading 优先的/重要的
The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with is enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.
白宫认为即便州级法和联邦法一字不差地相符，亚利桑那州的法与联邦法律的执法优先权也是相抵触的。
n.优先事项；最重要的事；首要事情
Keeping our feathered dynamo busy is indeed a top priority for companion bird owners.
保持我们的羽毛精力充沛,忙碌也确实是一个同伴鸟业主优先考虑的事情.
真题解释：
Freedom should have priority over responsibility.自由应该优先于责任。
2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项
Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to el nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
由于最贫穷的人最不可能弥补与厄尔尼诺有关的灾害造成的损失，减少他们的损失必须成为优先事项。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
prospect /'pr spekt/ (前景，可能性)
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.
这种高瞻远瞩使得对人类前景悲观的观点看起来更像是一时的风潮。
Now, some are also beginning to focus on the prospect of a pernicious sidekick: creeping inflation.
现在，一些投资者也在开始关注出现一种恶性附带问题的可能性。这就是悄然上升的通货膨胀。
rate /reit/ (速度; 评价，评估)
n.比率；率
Maintain foreign currency exchange rate on quarterly basis in QAD.
每个季度在QAD中维护外汇兑换比率.
n.价格；费用
The OCOG may establish a functional area dealing with Rate Card aspects.
组委会可以成立专门的职能部门办理费率卡事宜.
n.速度；进度
Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。
n.（英国地方政府征收的）房地产税，房产税
Cutting the rate to 25 percent would seem to cost the Treasury about $100 billion a year.
将公司营业税缴税比例降低到25%将使国库每年损失1000亿美元。
真题解释：
But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
虽然健康水平的提高是20世纪的一个典型特征，但出生率的下降可能是21世纪的一个决定性特征。
2017年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文
By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.
通过分析数据发现，母亲平均每周工作119小时，其中40小时通常按标准工资支付，79小时作为加班费。
2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
从该设备收集的数据可以根据输入方式来识别不同的参与者，错误率非常低。
2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding―undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism―if they had been made last week.
如果弗兰克·赫尔利的照片是在上周拍摄的，那么这些照片无疑是一流的新闻摄影作品。
2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
医院里看到窗外树枝的病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快
2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 七选五 原文
I can certainly change that for you, but there will be a change in the room rate.
我当然可以为您更改，但房价会有所变动。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.
另外，受教育程度低的农村地区的出生率最高，而受教育程度高的城市地区的出生率最低。
2017年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文
【语境小短文】
In the quiet office, Dr. Ellis reflected on the prestige of his position as the head of the research department. He had taken over from his predecessor a year ago, under the premise that he would revolutionize their approach to scientific studies. His pledge to bring innovative methods had been met with enthusiasm, but now he faced the challenge of living up to those expectations.
As he reviewed a prescription study, Dr. Ellis realized the importance of preservation of ethical standards in research. He knew that the prospect of groundbreaking discoveries was exciting, but it should not compromise the integrity of their work. Balancing speed and thoroughness was a constant struggle, as the rate at which they conducted research often dictated their funding and resources.
Understanding that maintaining the department's integrity was his top priority, Dr. Ellis decided to implement a new evaluation system. This system would not only rate the quality of the research but also ensure that all projects aligned with the core values of the department. He hoped this change would honor the pledge he made when he first accepted his position and uphold the prestige his predecessor had established.
【译文】
在安静的办公室里，艾利斯博士反思着作为研究部门负责人这一职位的威望。一年前，他接替了他的前任，承诺将革新他们的科学研究方法。他带来创新方法的誓言曾受到热烈欢迎，但现在他面临着实现这些期望的挑战。
在审查一份处方研究时，艾利斯博士意识到在研究中保持伦理标准的重要性。他知道开创性发现的前景令人兴奋，但不应该损害他们工作的完整性。平衡速度和彻底性一直是一个持续的挑战，因为他们进行研究的速度常常决定了他们的资金和资源。
明白维护部门诚信是他的首要任务，艾利斯博士决定实施一套新的评估系统。这个系统不仅会评估研究的质量，还会确保所有项目与部门的核心价值观保持一致。他希望这一改变能够兑现他最初接受这一职位时所做的承诺，并维护他的前任所建立的威望。