2024届高考英语听力阅读理解必考答案线索词（41-50）讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语听力阅读理解必考答案线索词（41-50）讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:18:42 | ||
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41.ration /'r n/ n. 定量，配给量
42.reflection /ri'flek n/ n. 反映，表现
43.recession /ri'se n/ n. (经济)衰退，不景气
44.reputation / repju'tei n/ n. 名声，声望
45.reservation / rez 'vei n/ n. 贮存，贮藏， 预订
46.illusion /i'lu: n/ n. 错觉，假象
47.ingredient /in'gri:di nt/ n. 成分
48.insight /'insait/ n. 理解，洞察力
49.inspection /in'spek n/ n. 检查，视察
50.instinct /'insti kt/ n. 本能，直觉
【例句】
ration /'r n/ n. 定量，配给量
The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week.
肉的配给量降到了每人每周一磅。
真题解释：
As the quality of risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
随着冒险的品质代代相传，人类最终形成了一种冒险意识和对风险的容忍度。
2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文
42 reflection /ri'flek n/ (反映，表现)
n.反映；显示；表达= make known反映/表达
Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.
穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
n.（声、光、热等的）反射
This makes reflection a useful feature for development and code management tools.
这使反射成为开发和代码管理工具的一项有用功能.
n.沉思；深思；审慎的思考=think/ponder over/think deeply沉思
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
真题解释：
In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
在这些文化中，沉默意味着反思。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Some were a reflection of people's imagination.
有些是人们想象力的反映
2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。
2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项
The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon a particular life experience.
这篇文章可以看作是作者对一段特定生活经历的反思。
2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设
The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
简化版本将由第三方检查，如果它是原始版本的准确反映，则授予kitemark。
2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism, are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.
根据文化相对主义的观点，艺术作品的价值仅仅是当地社会经济状况的反映。
2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文
43 recession /ri'se n/ ((经济)衰退，不景气)
German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.
德国和巴西的报纸业已经摆脱了经济衰退。
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one.
经济衰退时期的收入差距往往会有所缩小，但这一次例外。
reputation / repju'tei n/ (名声，声望)
n.名誉；名声
She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook.
她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。
President Kennedy stirs The Philosopher's bad reputation.
肯尼迪总统为“哲学家”的名声带来了负面影响.
fame, honour, reputation, glory, renown
这些名词均有"名声，名誉"之意。
fame： 普通用词，含义广，一般指好名声，可大可小，可远可近。
honour： 侧重指因高尚的举止，忠心或诚实而受到公众钦佩和崇敬，得到好名声和荣誉。
reputation： 通常指熟悉某人或某地的人对该人、该地的看法，可好可坏。
glory： 指因功绩卓著而获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。
renown： 指远近闻名的声誉。
真题解释：
As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.
至于拥挤的人群，香港的一项研究发现，拥挤的人群增加了餐厅的声誉，表明价格合理的美食。
2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
他们以提供绝佳的骑行体验而闻名。
2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results.
检查是灯塔生活的常规部分，看守人的声誉取决于结果。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
reservation / rez 'vei n/ (预订)
n.预订；预约
I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation .
我要给饭店打个电话预订座位。
Accommodation is restricted so a reservation is essential.
铺位有限，所以有必要进行预订。
n.保留意见；疑惑
They support the measures without reservation (= completely) .
他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。
真题解释：
Can I make a reservation now
我现在可以预订吗
2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文
Hi, I'm calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.
你好，我打电话来是想对现有的预订做一些更改。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
I'd like to make a reservation for july the 1st through the 4th.
我想预订7月1日到4日的房间。
2015年高考英语湖北卷 听力 原文
That's a reservation for Sally Menkel.
这是莎莉·门克尔的预订。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
46 illusion /i'lu: n/ n.错觉，假象
Mirrors in a room often give an illusion of space.
房间里的镜子常给人一种空间增大的错觉。
The idea of absolute personal freedom is an illusion.
绝对个人自由的观念是一种幻想。
47 ingredient /in'gri:di nt/ n.成分;（成功的）因素，要素
But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned
但是强大的决心正是这件事中缺少的一个要素，卡梅伦与公共卫生署与此脱不了干系。
component, constituent, element, ingredient
这些名词均含"组成，成分，部分"之意。
component： 指一个整体的组成部分。
constituent： 常可与component换用，指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。
element： 指一个整体必不可少或固有的部分，强调一个复杂整体中最基本、最简单的元件、元素或成分等。
ingredient： 普通用词，含义笼统。既可指混在一起而本身没有变化的物质，如配料，又可指与别的物质混在一起，发生了变化的成分。
48 insight /'insait/ n.[U] 洞察力；领悟 n.[C,U] 洞悉；了解
n.洞察力；领悟
A quiet mind has direct access to wisdom and insight.
一个平静的思维与智慧和洞察力有直接的关系.
真题解释：
The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.
缺点是，在那些死气沉沉的时间里，我经常会让我的思想流动，有时会有意想不到的见解或想法。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights.
张开双臂的姿势会让我们感觉更强大，双臂交叉会让你更坚定，躺下会让你更有洞察力。
2017年高考英语浙江卷（11月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
49 inspection /in'spek n/ (检查，视察)=inquiry/investigation/check检查
On closer inspection , the notes proved to be forgeries.
经进一步检查发现钞票都是伪造的。
Regular inspections are carried out at the prison.
经常有人来视察这座监狱。
真题解释：
After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.
他稳住自己后，握了握格伦母亲的手，然后继续检查，好像什么都没发生过一样。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.
贝蒂·伯恩斯记得她母亲在一次检查前没有时间洗完所有的盘子。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments.
尽管检查的性质很严肃，但也出现了一些有趣的时刻。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results.
检查是灯塔生活的常规部分，看守人的声誉取决于结果。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.
检查应该是一个惊喜，但管理员有时有提前通知。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
50 instinct /'insti kt/ (本能，直觉)=born ability直觉/本能
His first instinct was to run away.
他的本能反应就是逃跑。
Dawn shimmers with spider filaments, proof that late hatches of spiderlings have the instinct to travel.
黎明之际, 闪光的蜘蛛丝表明晚生的蜘蛛有旅行的天性.
真题解释：
But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.
但是，除了作为社会生物的最低要求之外，他们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they have the instinct to help others.
迈克尔·托马塞洛(Michael Tomasello)对幼儿的测试表明，他们有帮助他人的本能。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设
One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially.
一种是，在大多数父母开始训练孩子的社交行为之前，这些本能在很小的时候就出现了。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
【语境小短文】
During a time of economic recession, a small bakery found itself struggling to maintain its once-thriving business. The owner, Mr. Baker, had to ration his use of expensive ingredients to keep costs down. The community, once a bustling reflection of cultural diversity, now mirrored the quietness of the times. Mr. Baker, known for his excellent reputation, didn’t lose hope. He made a reservation for a booth at the local farmers’ market, hoping to attract more customers.
His efforts were not an illusion, as the locals began to notice the bakery’s commitment to quality. Mr. Baker used this opportunity to showcase his new recipes, highlighting the unique ingredient of local honey, which added a special touch to his pastries. This new addition offered a sweet insight into Mr. Baker's innovative spirit.
One day, during a routine inspection by the health department, the inspector was so impressed by Mr. Baker’s cleanliness and organization that she promised to spread the word about his bakery. It seemed like an instinctive reflection of the inspector’s appreciation for Mr. Baker’s hard work.
Emboldened by this support, Mr. Baker felt a resurgence of hope. He understood that even in challenging times, persistence and creativity could lead to a positive transition and a return to prosperity.
【译文】
在经济衰退期间，一家小面包店发现自己难以维持曾经的繁荣生意。店主贝克先生不得不定量使用昂贵的原料以降低成本。这个社区，曾经是文化多样性的繁忙映射，现在反映出时代的宁静。以良好声誉著称的贝克先生并未失去希望。他在当地农贸市场预订了一个摊位，希望吸引更多顾客。
他的努力并非幻觉，当地人开始注意到面包店对质量的承诺。贝克先生利用这个机会展示他的新食谱，突出了当地蜂蜜这一独特的成分，为他的糕点增添了特别的味道。这个新添加提供了对贝克先生创新精神的深刻洞察。
有一天，在卫生部门例行的检查期间，检查员对贝克先生的清洁和组织井井有条印象深刻，她承诺将为他的面包店宣传。这似乎是检查员对贝克先生辛勤工作的赞赏的本能反映。
在这种支持的鼓舞下，贝克先生感受到了重新燃起的希望。他明白，即使在充满挑战的时期，持之以恒和创造力也能带来积极的转变，重返繁荣。
42.reflection /ri'flek n/ n. 反映，表现
43.recession /ri'se n/ n. (经济)衰退，不景气
44.reputation / repju'tei n/ n. 名声，声望
45.reservation / rez 'vei n/ n. 贮存，贮藏， 预订
46.illusion /i'lu: n/ n. 错觉，假象
47.ingredient /in'gri:di nt/ n. 成分
48.insight /'insait/ n. 理解，洞察力
49.inspection /in'spek n/ n. 检查，视察
50.instinct /'insti kt/ n. 本能，直觉
【例句】
ration /'r n/ n. 定量，配给量
The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week.
肉的配给量降到了每人每周一磅。
真题解释：
As the quality of risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
随着冒险的品质代代相传，人类最终形成了一种冒险意识和对风险的容忍度。
2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文
42 reflection /ri'flek n/ (反映，表现)
n.反映；显示；表达= make known反映/表达
Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality.
穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。
n.（声、光、热等的）反射
This makes reflection a useful feature for development and code management tools.
这使反射成为开发和代码管理工具的一项有用功能.
n.沉思；深思；审慎的思考=think/ponder over/think deeply沉思
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
真题解释：
In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
在这些文化中，沉默意味着反思。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Some were a reflection of people's imagination.
有些是人们想象力的反映
2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
阳光反射可以缓解全球变暖。
2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项
The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon a particular life experience.
这篇文章可以看作是作者对一段特定生活经历的反思。
2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设
The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.
简化版本将由第三方检查，如果它是原始版本的准确反映，则授予kitemark。
2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism, are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.
根据文化相对主义的观点，艺术作品的价值仅仅是当地社会经济状况的反映。
2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文
43 recession /ri'se n/ ((经济)衰退，不景气)
German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.
德国和巴西的报纸业已经摆脱了经济衰退。
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one.
经济衰退时期的收入差距往往会有所缩小，但这一次例外。
reputation / repju'tei n/ (名声，声望)
n.名誉；名声
She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook.
她不久就获得了顶级厨师的名声。
President Kennedy stirs The Philosopher's bad reputation.
肯尼迪总统为“哲学家”的名声带来了负面影响.
fame, honour, reputation, glory, renown
这些名词均有"名声，名誉"之意。
fame： 普通用词，含义广，一般指好名声，可大可小，可远可近。
honour： 侧重指因高尚的举止，忠心或诚实而受到公众钦佩和崇敬，得到好名声和荣誉。
reputation： 通常指熟悉某人或某地的人对该人、该地的看法，可好可坏。
glory： 指因功绩卓著而获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。
renown： 指远近闻名的声誉。
真题解释：
As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.
至于拥挤的人群，香港的一项研究发现，拥挤的人群增加了餐厅的声誉，表明价格合理的美食。
2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
他们以提供绝佳的骑行体验而闻名。
2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results.
检查是灯塔生活的常规部分，看守人的声誉取决于结果。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
reservation / rez 'vei n/ (预订)
n.预订；预约
I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation .
我要给饭店打个电话预订座位。
Accommodation is restricted so a reservation is essential.
铺位有限，所以有必要进行预订。
n.保留意见；疑惑
They support the measures without reservation (= completely) .
他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。
真题解释：
Can I make a reservation now
我现在可以预订吗
2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文
Hi, I'm calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.
你好，我打电话来是想对现有的预订做一些更改。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
I'd like to make a reservation for july the 1st through the 4th.
我想预订7月1日到4日的房间。
2015年高考英语湖北卷 听力 原文
That's a reservation for Sally Menkel.
这是莎莉·门克尔的预订。
2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
46 illusion /i'lu: n/ n.错觉，假象
Mirrors in a room often give an illusion of space.
房间里的镜子常给人一种空间增大的错觉。
The idea of absolute personal freedom is an illusion.
绝对个人自由的观念是一种幻想。
47 ingredient /in'gri:di nt/ n.成分;（成功的）因素，要素
But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned
但是强大的决心正是这件事中缺少的一个要素，卡梅伦与公共卫生署与此脱不了干系。
component, constituent, element, ingredient
这些名词均含"组成，成分，部分"之意。
component： 指一个整体的组成部分。
constituent： 常可与component换用，指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。
element： 指一个整体必不可少或固有的部分，强调一个复杂整体中最基本、最简单的元件、元素或成分等。
ingredient： 普通用词，含义笼统。既可指混在一起而本身没有变化的物质，如配料，又可指与别的物质混在一起，发生了变化的成分。
48 insight /'insait/ n.[U] 洞察力；领悟 n.[C,U] 洞悉；了解
n.洞察力；领悟
A quiet mind has direct access to wisdom and insight.
一个平静的思维与智慧和洞察力有直接的关系.
真题解释：
The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.
缺点是，在那些死气沉沉的时间里，我经常会让我的思想流动，有时会有意想不到的见解或想法。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights.
张开双臂的姿势会让我们感觉更强大，双臂交叉会让你更坚定，躺下会让你更有洞察力。
2017年高考英语浙江卷（11月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
49 inspection /in'spek n/ (检查，视察)=inquiry/investigation/check检查
On closer inspection , the notes proved to be forgeries.
经进一步检查发现钞票都是伪造的。
Regular inspections are carried out at the prison.
经常有人来视察这座监狱。
真题解释：
After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.
他稳住自己后，握了握格伦母亲的手，然后继续检查，好像什么都没发生过一样。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.
贝蒂·伯恩斯记得她母亲在一次检查前没有时间洗完所有的盘子。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments.
尽管检查的性质很严肃，但也出现了一些有趣的时刻。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results.
检查是灯塔生活的常规部分，看守人的声誉取决于结果。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.
检查应该是一个惊喜，但管理员有时有提前通知。
2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
50 instinct /'insti kt/ (本能，直觉)=born ability直觉/本能
His first instinct was to run away.
他的本能反应就是逃跑。
Dawn shimmers with spider filaments, proof that late hatches of spiderlings have the instinct to travel.
黎明之际, 闪光的蜘蛛丝表明晚生的蜘蛛有旅行的天性.
真题解释：
But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.
但是，除了作为社会生物的最低要求之外，他们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they have the instinct to help others.
迈克尔·托马塞洛(Michael Tomasello)对幼儿的测试表明，他们有帮助他人的本能。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设
One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially.
一种是，在大多数父母开始训练孩子的社交行为之前，这些本能在很小的时候就出现了。
2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
【语境小短文】
During a time of economic recession, a small bakery found itself struggling to maintain its once-thriving business. The owner, Mr. Baker, had to ration his use of expensive ingredients to keep costs down. The community, once a bustling reflection of cultural diversity, now mirrored the quietness of the times. Mr. Baker, known for his excellent reputation, didn’t lose hope. He made a reservation for a booth at the local farmers’ market, hoping to attract more customers.
His efforts were not an illusion, as the locals began to notice the bakery’s commitment to quality. Mr. Baker used this opportunity to showcase his new recipes, highlighting the unique ingredient of local honey, which added a special touch to his pastries. This new addition offered a sweet insight into Mr. Baker's innovative spirit.
One day, during a routine inspection by the health department, the inspector was so impressed by Mr. Baker’s cleanliness and organization that she promised to spread the word about his bakery. It seemed like an instinctive reflection of the inspector’s appreciation for Mr. Baker’s hard work.
Emboldened by this support, Mr. Baker felt a resurgence of hope. He understood that even in challenging times, persistence and creativity could lead to a positive transition and a return to prosperity.
【译文】
在经济衰退期间，一家小面包店发现自己难以维持曾经的繁荣生意。店主贝克先生不得不定量使用昂贵的原料以降低成本。这个社区，曾经是文化多样性的繁忙映射，现在反映出时代的宁静。以良好声誉著称的贝克先生并未失去希望。他在当地农贸市场预订了一个摊位，希望吸引更多顾客。
他的努力并非幻觉，当地人开始注意到面包店对质量的承诺。贝克先生利用这个机会展示他的新食谱，突出了当地蜂蜜这一独特的成分，为他的糕点增添了特别的味道。这个新添加提供了对贝克先生创新精神的深刻洞察。
有一天，在卫生部门例行的检查期间，检查员对贝克先生的清洁和组织井井有条印象深刻，她承诺将为他的面包店宣传。这似乎是检查员对贝克先生辛勤工作的赞赏的本能反映。
在这种支持的鼓舞下，贝克先生感受到了重新燃起的希望。他明白，即使在充满挑战的时期，持之以恒和创造力也能带来积极的转变，重返繁荣。