2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(315-316)讲义-
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(315-316)讲义- |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:19:29 | ||
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长难句翻译
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.
长难句翻译解析
1.On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 your stomach would turn。1. at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat 作原因状语；2. the normally accepted practice in many northern countries 作frying potatoes in animal fat 的同位语，normally accepted为“adv. + done”结构，相当于形容词。
【词汇精讲】
on the other hand 另一方面 【反】on the one hand 一方面
stomach / st m. k/ n. 肚子，胃 v. 能够承受【组】have a strong stomach 忍耐力极强，have no stomach for 没有做…的勇气
normally / n .m .li/ adv. 正常，通常
One man’s meat is another man’s poison 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
She found the violence in the film hard to stomach.
她觉得这部电影中的暴力场面令人难以忍受。
【参考译文】
另一方面，你可能一想到用动物油炸土豆就反胃，这是被很多北方国家正常接受的做法。
2.The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 The idea never appealed to me very much but …。1. after a heavy shower 作时间状语；2. when I noticed a huge number of snails…为状语从句；3. taking a stroll on some of my prize plants 作snails的定语，因take与之存在主动关系，故用doing。
【词汇精讲】
appeal / pi l/ v. n. 呼吁，吸引，上诉 【形】appealing 有吸引力的
stroll /str l/ v. 散步 【名】stroller 散步者
prize /pra z/ n. 奖 v. 重视，撬开 adj. 获奖的，优秀的
In parts of Asia this plant is prized for its medicinal qualities.
在亚洲某些地区，这种植物因其药用价值而倍受重视。
【参考译文】
我从来没有把这件事放在心上，但有一天，一场大雨过后，我正在花园散步，碰巧看到大量蜗牛在我的一些名贵的花木上蠕动。
长难句拓展
John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.
①小词典
norm [n m]n. 标准，规范
stay put 留在原处不动
achiever [ t i v (r)]n. 获得成功的人
②句子分析：句子的主干是 John Donahue points out。at Harvard's Kennedy School 作地点状语，that 引导一个宾语从句，作 point out 的宾语，who 引导一个定语从句，修饰 those。
③参考译文：哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出，西方公务员制度中的文化标准适合那些希望保持现状的人，但对高成就的人不利。
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.
①小词典
entrepreneur [ ntr pr n (r)]
n. 企业家；承包人；主办者
visionary [ v nri]
adj. 有远见的；宗教幻觉的；空想的；梦想的
n. 有眼光的人；出现宗教幻觉的人；梦想家
fabulous [ f bj l s]
adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的
②句子结构分析：句子的主干是 The second half of the 20th century saw a collection。介词 of 后面跟了四个名词 geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs, visionaries labour 作主干宾语 collection 的后置定语，不定式 to 引导的是一个目的状语，that 引导的定语从句修饰 machine，as a typewriter... mail carrier 是一个方式状语。
③参考译文：20 世纪下半叶，一批天才、勇士、企业家和思想家努力创造出了一种惊人的机器，它同时具备以下功能：打字机、印刷机、录影棚和剧场、画笔和画廊、钢琴和收音机、邮件和邮递员。
3.This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and up-loading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
①小词典
spark [spɑ k]
n. 火花；电火花；放电；闪光体；一丝强烈的感情，愉悦
v. 发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚
collective [k lekt v]
adj. 集体的，共同的；集合的；集体主义的
n.集团；集合体；集合名词
②句子分析：句子的主干是 This is because。because 后面引导一个表语从句，between downloading and uploading 作状语，修饰 war，第一个破折号后面的 between... and... 是插入语，whose 引导的定语从句修饰 war，way 后面的是一个省略关系代词 that 的定语从句。
③参考译文：因为电脑网路已经触发了一场下载和上传之间的较量——也就是被动消费和积极创造之间的暗战，这场较量的结果将以我们仅能开始想象的方式决定我们共同的未来。
4.Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains , with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.
①小词典
pyramid [ p r m d]
n. 金字塔；角锥体
vi. 渐增；上涨；成金字塔状
vt. 使…渐增；使…上涨；使…成金字塔状
②句子分析：句子的主干是 a pyramid of production remains。句首 Even 引导一个让步状语，介词 with 引导了三个并列的结构，表示伴随，修饰主干。
③参考译文：即便是出现了分布广泛的社交媒体，一种金字塔式的生产结构仍然存在，只有少数人上传资料，稍多一些人对该内容进行评论和修改，而绝大多数人仍然满足于消费和接受。
长难句精讲精练
1. The study,published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
【句式翻译】这项研究发表于2009年，它发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。
【句式分析】本句复合句，that 引导宾语从句，从句中又有一个when引导的状语从句，published在句中作后置定语，writing作状语。
【词语点拨】1) participant n. 参加者 participate vi.参与
He is an active participant in the civil rights movement.
他是人权运动的积极参加者。
Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot.
特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭了脚。
2) raten.比率；速度
House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation.
房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高。
The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.
轿车以每小时40里的速度行驶。
2. But the dona-tor who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairy tales.
【句式翻译】但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，当地报纸随之发表一篇文章，这一切使一个德国北部城市相信童话。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰the donator，sending 作宾语，accompanied作状语。
【词语点拨】1) deserving adj.值得的（后面常接介词of） deserve v.值得
A job well done is deserving of praise.
一件工作做得好应该受到表扬。
If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.
你如做错事, 应当受罚。
2）accompanyvt.陪伴
Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.
肯答应陪我一起去非洲。
Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
3. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.
【句式翻译】基础数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，so as to allow在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】1) gradually adv.逐渐地
The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.
这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。
After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.
经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。
2）allowv. 允许，常用于以下结构：
①allow doing 允许做
They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
②allow sb to do允许某人做
My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
我的老板不允许我用电话。
③allow sb sth让某人有
I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now．
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。
④allow sb in/out/up允许某人进来/出去/起床
The patient was allowed up after ten days.
十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。
⑤allow for考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
We should allow for every possible delay.
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
【语法点拨】不定式作目的状语，具体用法参见第21句。
4. Professor H. Siegel,honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best math teacher in America,”is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.
【句式翻译】H 西格尔教授被肯塔基州教育电视尊称为是“美国最好的数学老师”，他是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。
【句式分析】本句复合句，that在句中引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ways，honored作后置定语。
【词语点拨】1) devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 devote vt. 奉献，把……用于
He married well and happily and was adevoted father and husband.
他婚姻美满幸福，是位尽职尽责的父亲，忠实的丈夫。
The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the housing problem.
编辑用一个整版来讨论住房问题。
2) have a gift for = have a talent for在……方面有天赋
You have a surprising gift for seeing into people's minds.
你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。
Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.
杨丽萍热爱音乐，并具有舞蹈天赋。
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.
长难句翻译解析
1.On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 your stomach would turn。1. at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat 作原因状语；2. the normally accepted practice in many northern countries 作frying potatoes in animal fat 的同位语，normally accepted为“adv. + done”结构，相当于形容词。
【词汇精讲】
on the other hand 另一方面 【反】on the one hand 一方面
stomach / st m. k/ n. 肚子，胃 v. 能够承受【组】have a strong stomach 忍耐力极强，have no stomach for 没有做…的勇气
normally / n .m .li/ adv. 正常，通常
One man’s meat is another man’s poison 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
She found the violence in the film hard to stomach.
她觉得这部电影中的暴力场面令人难以忍受。
【参考译文】
另一方面，你可能一想到用动物油炸土豆就反胃，这是被很多北方国家正常接受的做法。
2.The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.
【语法详析】
本句的主干为 The idea never appealed to me very much but …。1. after a heavy shower 作时间状语；2. when I noticed a huge number of snails…为状语从句；3. taking a stroll on some of my prize plants 作snails的定语，因take与之存在主动关系，故用doing。
【词汇精讲】
appeal / pi l/ v. n. 呼吁，吸引，上诉 【形】appealing 有吸引力的
stroll /str l/ v. 散步 【名】stroller 散步者
prize /pra z/ n. 奖 v. 重视，撬开 adj. 获奖的，优秀的
In parts of Asia this plant is prized for its medicinal qualities.
在亚洲某些地区，这种植物因其药用价值而倍受重视。
【参考译文】
我从来没有把这件事放在心上，但有一天，一场大雨过后，我正在花园散步，碰巧看到大量蜗牛在我的一些名贵的花木上蠕动。
长难句拓展
John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.
①小词典
norm [n m]n. 标准，规范
stay put 留在原处不动
achiever [ t i v (r)]n. 获得成功的人
②句子分析：句子的主干是 John Donahue points out。at Harvard's Kennedy School 作地点状语，that 引导一个宾语从句，作 point out 的宾语，who 引导一个定语从句，修饰 those。
③参考译文：哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出，西方公务员制度中的文化标准适合那些希望保持现状的人，但对高成就的人不利。
The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.
①小词典
entrepreneur [ ntr pr n (r)]
n. 企业家；承包人；主办者
visionary [ v nri]
adj. 有远见的；宗教幻觉的；空想的；梦想的
n. 有眼光的人；出现宗教幻觉的人；梦想家
fabulous [ f bj l s]
adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的
②句子结构分析：句子的主干是 The second half of the 20th century saw a collection。介词 of 后面跟了四个名词 geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs, visionaries labour 作主干宾语 collection 的后置定语，不定式 to 引导的是一个目的状语，that 引导的定语从句修饰 machine，as a typewriter... mail carrier 是一个方式状语。
③参考译文：20 世纪下半叶，一批天才、勇士、企业家和思想家努力创造出了一种惊人的机器，它同时具备以下功能：打字机、印刷机、录影棚和剧场、画笔和画廊、钢琴和收音机、邮件和邮递员。
3.This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and up-loading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.
①小词典
spark [spɑ k]
n. 火花；电火花；放电；闪光体；一丝强烈的感情，愉悦
v. 发出火花；点燃；导致；求婚
collective [k lekt v]
adj. 集体的，共同的；集合的；集体主义的
n.集团；集合体；集合名词
②句子分析：句子的主干是 This is because。because 后面引导一个表语从句，between downloading and uploading 作状语，修饰 war，第一个破折号后面的 between... and... 是插入语，whose 引导的定语从句修饰 war，way 后面的是一个省略关系代词 that 的定语从句。
③参考译文：因为电脑网路已经触发了一场下载和上传之间的较量——也就是被动消费和积极创造之间的暗战，这场较量的结果将以我们仅能开始想象的方式决定我们共同的未来。
4.Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains , with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.
①小词典
pyramid [ p r m d]
n. 金字塔；角锥体
vi. 渐增；上涨；成金字塔状
vt. 使…渐增；使…上涨；使…成金字塔状
②句子分析：句子的主干是 a pyramid of production remains。句首 Even 引导一个让步状语，介词 with 引导了三个并列的结构，表示伴随，修饰主干。
③参考译文：即便是出现了分布广泛的社交媒体，一种金字塔式的生产结构仍然存在，只有少数人上传资料，稍多一些人对该内容进行评论和修改，而绝大多数人仍然满足于消费和接受。
长难句精讲精练
1. The study,published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
【句式翻译】这项研究发表于2009年，它发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。
【句式分析】本句复合句，that 引导宾语从句，从句中又有一个when引导的状语从句，published在句中作后置定语，writing作状语。
【词语点拨】1) participant n. 参加者 participate vi.参与
He is an active participant in the civil rights movement.
他是人权运动的积极参加者。
Terry can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot.
特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭了脚。
2) raten.比率；速度
House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation.
房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高。
The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.
轿车以每小时40里的速度行驶。
2. But the dona-tor who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairy tales.
【句式翻译】但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，当地报纸随之发表一篇文章，这一切使一个德国北部城市相信童话。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰the donator，sending 作宾语，accompanied作状语。
【词语点拨】1) deserving adj.值得的（后面常接介词of） deserve v.值得
A job well done is deserving of praise.
一件工作做得好应该受到表扬。
If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.
你如做错事, 应当受罚。
2）accompanyvt.陪伴
Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.
肯答应陪我一起去非洲。
Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a walk.
简愿意陪你去公园散步。
3. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.
【句式翻译】基础数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，so as to allow在句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】1) gradually adv.逐渐地
The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.
这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。
After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.
经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。
2）allowv. 允许，常用于以下结构：
①allow doing 允许做
They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
②allow sb to do允许某人做
My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
我的老板不允许我用电话。
③allow sb sth让某人有
I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now．
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。
④allow sb in/out/up允许某人进来/出去/起床
The patient was allowed up after ten days.
十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。
⑤allow for考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
We should allow for every possible delay.
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
【语法点拨】不定式作目的状语，具体用法参见第21句。
4. Professor H. Siegel,honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best math teacher in America,”is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.
【句式翻译】H 西格尔教授被肯塔基州教育电视尊称为是“美国最好的数学老师”，他是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。
【句式分析】本句复合句，that在句中引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ways，honored作后置定语。
【词语点拨】1) devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 devote vt. 奉献，把……用于
He married well and happily and was adevoted father and husband.
他婚姻美满幸福，是位尽职尽责的父亲，忠实的丈夫。
The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the housing problem.
编辑用一个整版来讨论住房问题。
2) have a gift for = have a talent for在……方面有天赋
You have a surprising gift for seeing into people's minds.
你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。
Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.
杨丽萍热爱音乐，并具有舞蹈天赋。