外研版（2019）必修第二册寒假轻松衔接Unit 6 Earth first复习巩固 （含答案）
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复习巩固：（12）Unit 6 Earth first——2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）寒假轻松衔接
一、填空题
1.Before boarding the flight, you are required to get your luggage _____(check).
2.No one will be allowed to go into the lab without the teacher's _____(permit).
3.My car ________(damage) to such an extent in the accident yesterday that it could not be repaired.
4.No one died, but three of the villagers were _____(severe) hurt in the flood.
5.Libraries will often hold reading group sessions _____(target) at various age groups.
6.I couldn't concentrate on my work with all that noise _____(go) on.
7.I heard her ________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
8.He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast ________(touch).
9.The revolutionists of the older generation made great _________ (contribute) to our country's struggle for the independence.
10.The _________(major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
二、阅读理解
Several days of unusually warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). "Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year," scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone-6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. To put it another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. "It really makes me anxious," said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. "Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted."
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland's ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. "No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts," said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land," Grinsted said. "So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer." Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming.
11.How does the author support the topic of Paragraph 1
A.By exploring reasons. B.By making comparisons.
C.By designing the numbers. D.By doing some experiments.
12.What did Kutalmis mean in Paragraph 2
A.He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B.He was concerned about the warmth.
C.He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D.He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view.
13.What does the underlined word "destabilizing" mean in Paragraph 4
A.Quitting. B.Removing. C.Sheltering. D.Destroying.
14.What will the author probably do in the following paragraph
A.Recommend visiting Greenland.
B.Describe how to ship out the ice core.
C.Call on people to protect the environment.
D.Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice.
三、七选五
The world has a plastic problem—and it is increasing. ①_____ But in the meantime, here are five things you can do to reduce plastic waste now.
1.Quit using plastic bags. Instead, take your own reusable shopping bag to the store. People use a trillion plastic bags worldwide every year. About 10 percent are used in the United States alone. That's almost one plastic bag per American per day. ②_____ In 1993, Denmark was the first country to place a tax(税) on plastic bags. Today, other countries either make customers pay for plastic bags or have banned them completely.
2.Skip the plastic straw. Today, around 8.3 billion plastic straws pollute the world's beaches. ③_____ In 2018, Seattle became the first major U.S. city to ban plastic straws, and many other cities are set to follow its example.
3.Don't use plastic bottles. Buy a reusable bottle and fill it with any type of beverage you like. ④_____ Globally, however, people still buy nearly a million plastic bottles every minute.
4.Avoid plastic packaging. Buy bar soap instead of liquid soap in plastic containers. Don't buy fruit or vegetables in plastic packaging. In the United Kingdom, leaders are calling for supermarkets to have plastic-free areas. They also want to tax plastic takeout containers.
5.Recycle. We can't recycle all plastic items, but it is possible to recycle most bottles and milk or juice cartons. Today, Norway recycles 97 percent of its plastic bottles. ⑤_____
A.Likewise, each Dane uses four plastic bags per day on average.
B.In contrast, each Dane used four single-use bags per year on average.
C.So when you order a drink, say no to the straw, or bring your own reusable one.
D.However, there are still loads of people ignoring the seriousness of it.
E.Scientists are working to find a long-term solution by making plastic more biodegradable(可生物降解的).
F.Some cities, like Bundanoon in Australia and San Francisco in the U.S. have completely or partially banned bottled water.
G.How Machines at most supermarkets take the bottles and give a refund(退款) of up to 2.5 kroner(32 cents) per bottle.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：checked
解析：考查过去分词作宾补。句意:在登上班机之前,你的行李要接受检查。此处使用的是"get+宾语+宾补"结构,且宾语your luggage和动词check之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补。故填checked。
2.答案：permission
解析：考查名词。句意:未经老师的允许,任何人不得进入实验室。名词所有格之后要用名词形式,"without sb.'s permission"意为"未经某人的允许"。故填permission。
3.答案：was damaged
解析：提示：考查时态及语态。句意：在昨天的事故中我的车受损如此严重，已经到了无法修复的地步。根据时间状语yesterday可知，本空应用一般过去时，且My car和动词damage之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填was damaged。
4.答案：severely
解析：考查副词。句意:洪灾中没有人死亡,但村民中有三人严重受伤。修饰谓语动词要用副词。故填severely。
5.答案：targeted
解析：考查过去分词。句意:图书馆将经常举办针对不同年龄群体的读书会。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语will hold,设空处应用非谓语动词。由句意可知,设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语。be targeted at为固定搭配,意为"以……为目标,针对……",设空处作定语,因此要用过去分词形式targeted。故填targeted。
6.答案：going
解析：句意为: 噪声不绝于耳, 我无法专心工作。此处为"with+宾语+宾补"复合结构, go与逻辑主语noise为主动关系, 应用现在分词作宾补。故填going。
7.答案：singing
解析：考查现在分词。句意：昨天我经过她的房间时，听见她正在唱英文歌。本空在句中作宾语补足语，且宾语her和动词sing之间为主动关系，故本空应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填singing。
8.答案：untouched
解析： 考查过去分词。句意：他起床晚了，急匆匆地赶到办公室，没动早餐。本空在句中作宾语补足语，且宾语the breakfast和动词touch之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填untouched。
9.答案：contributions
解析： 考查名词。形容词great后应用名词，且contribution意为"贡献"时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。make contributions to意为"为……做出贡献"。故填contributions。
10.答案：majority
解析：考查名词。句意:由于病毒的广泛传播,春节期间大部分居民都选择待在家里而不是外出旅游。the majority of...意为"大多数……",故本空应用名词majority"多数,大多数(人或物)"。故填majority。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段讲到"Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year(气温一直在15.5℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和)"可知作者通过比较气温来支持第一段的主题。故选B。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam(对于冰盖上的科学家来说,这种温暖令人担忧。‘这真的让我很焦虑。’ Kutalmis Saylam说)"可知,第二段中Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖这件事。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词后文的"The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land(我们现在看到的天气太热,装有滑雪装备的飞机无法降落)"可知,飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的"But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.",由此可推测这种温暖影响了着陆地点,D项(破坏)符合语境。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化,文章最后一段讲到Grinsted将这种异常的高温称为热浪,并指出温度升高显然与全球变暖有关。由此可推测作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：EBCFG
解析：①细节句。根据设空处前文"世界上存在塑料问题,而且这个问题正日益严重"和后文"但与此同时,你现在可以做五件事情来减少塑料垃圾"可知,第一段主要介绍的是全球面临着塑料污染问题,我们要做些事情来解决这一问题。E项"科学家们正在努力通过使塑料更具生物降解性来找到一个长期的解决方案"符合语境,逻辑通畅,说明科学家和普通人两方面的情况,在科学家们寻找解决方案的同时,普通人也可有所作为。故选E。
②过渡句。根据设空处前文"仅在美国就使用了约10%。那几乎是每个美国人每天使用一个塑料袋"可知,前文介绍的是美国人均每天使用塑料袋的数量。设空处后一句介绍的是丹麦关于使用塑料袋的政策。B项"相比之下,每个丹麦人平均每年使用四个一次性塑料袋"与前后文话题一致,且逻辑合理,承上启下。故选B。
③细节句。根据段落小标题可知,本段围绕"不要用塑料吸管"展开,C项"所以当你点饮料时,不要用吸管,或者带上你自己的可重复使用的吸管"不仅围绕本段主题展开,而且和前文是合理的因果关系。故选C。
④细节句。根据段落小标题可知,本段围绕"不要使用塑料瓶"展开,F项"一些城市,如澳大利亚的本达农和美国的旧金山,已经完全或部分禁止瓶装水"符合段落主旨,且与下文内容(然而,在全球范围内,人们仍然每分钟购买近一百万个塑料瓶)形成转折关系。故选F。
⑤细节句。根据上文"今天,挪威回收了97%的塑料瓶"可知,上文介绍了挪威在塑料瓶回收上取得的成就。G项"怎样做到的 大多数超市的机器都会回收瓶子,每个瓶子最多退款2.5克朗(32美分)"能够承接上文,介绍了挪威是如何取得这一成就的。故选G。
一、填空题
1.Before boarding the flight, you are required to get your luggage _____(check).
2.No one will be allowed to go into the lab without the teacher's _____(permit).
3.My car ________(damage) to such an extent in the accident yesterday that it could not be repaired.
4.No one died, but three of the villagers were _____(severe) hurt in the flood.
5.Libraries will often hold reading group sessions _____(target) at various age groups.
6.I couldn't concentrate on my work with all that noise _____(go) on.
7.I heard her ________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
8.He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast ________(touch).
9.The revolutionists of the older generation made great _________ (contribute) to our country's struggle for the independence.
10.The _________(major) of the residents chose to stay at home rather than go out to travel during the Spring Festival due to the wide spread of the virus.
二、阅读理解
Several days of unusually warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). "Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year," scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone-6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. To put it another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. "It really makes me anxious," said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. "Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted."
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland's ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. "No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts," said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land," Grinsted said. "So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer." Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming.
11.How does the author support the topic of Paragraph 1
A.By exploring reasons. B.By making comparisons.
C.By designing the numbers. D.By doing some experiments.
12.What did Kutalmis mean in Paragraph 2
A.He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B.He was concerned about the warmth.
C.He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D.He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view.
13.What does the underlined word "destabilizing" mean in Paragraph 4
A.Quitting. B.Removing. C.Sheltering. D.Destroying.
14.What will the author probably do in the following paragraph
A.Recommend visiting Greenland.
B.Describe how to ship out the ice core.
C.Call on people to protect the environment.
D.Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice.
三、七选五
The world has a plastic problem—and it is increasing. ①_____ But in the meantime, here are five things you can do to reduce plastic waste now.
1.Quit using plastic bags. Instead, take your own reusable shopping bag to the store. People use a trillion plastic bags worldwide every year. About 10 percent are used in the United States alone. That's almost one plastic bag per American per day. ②_____ In 1993, Denmark was the first country to place a tax(税) on plastic bags. Today, other countries either make customers pay for plastic bags or have banned them completely.
2.Skip the plastic straw. Today, around 8.3 billion plastic straws pollute the world's beaches. ③_____ In 2018, Seattle became the first major U.S. city to ban plastic straws, and many other cities are set to follow its example.
3.Don't use plastic bottles. Buy a reusable bottle and fill it with any type of beverage you like. ④_____ Globally, however, people still buy nearly a million plastic bottles every minute.
4.Avoid plastic packaging. Buy bar soap instead of liquid soap in plastic containers. Don't buy fruit or vegetables in plastic packaging. In the United Kingdom, leaders are calling for supermarkets to have plastic-free areas. They also want to tax plastic takeout containers.
5.Recycle. We can't recycle all plastic items, but it is possible to recycle most bottles and milk or juice cartons. Today, Norway recycles 97 percent of its plastic bottles. ⑤_____
A.Likewise, each Dane uses four plastic bags per day on average.
B.In contrast, each Dane used four single-use bags per year on average.
C.So when you order a drink, say no to the straw, or bring your own reusable one.
D.However, there are still loads of people ignoring the seriousness of it.
E.Scientists are working to find a long-term solution by making plastic more biodegradable(可生物降解的).
F.Some cities, like Bundanoon in Australia and San Francisco in the U.S. have completely or partially banned bottled water.
G.How Machines at most supermarkets take the bottles and give a refund(退款) of up to 2.5 kroner(32 cents) per bottle.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：checked
解析：考查过去分词作宾补。句意:在登上班机之前,你的行李要接受检查。此处使用的是"get+宾语+宾补"结构,且宾语your luggage和动词check之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补。故填checked。
2.答案：permission
解析：考查名词。句意:未经老师的允许,任何人不得进入实验室。名词所有格之后要用名词形式,"without sb.'s permission"意为"未经某人的允许"。故填permission。
3.答案：was damaged
解析：提示：考查时态及语态。句意：在昨天的事故中我的车受损如此严重，已经到了无法修复的地步。根据时间状语yesterday可知，本空应用一般过去时，且My car和动词damage之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填was damaged。
4.答案：severely
解析：考查副词。句意:洪灾中没有人死亡,但村民中有三人严重受伤。修饰谓语动词要用副词。故填severely。
5.答案：targeted
解析：考查过去分词。句意:图书馆将经常举办针对不同年龄群体的读书会。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语will hold,设空处应用非谓语动词。由句意可知,设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语。be targeted at为固定搭配,意为"以……为目标,针对……",设空处作定语,因此要用过去分词形式targeted。故填targeted。
6.答案：going
解析：句意为: 噪声不绝于耳, 我无法专心工作。此处为"with+宾语+宾补"复合结构, go与逻辑主语noise为主动关系, 应用现在分词作宾补。故填going。
7.答案：singing
解析：考查现在分词。句意：昨天我经过她的房间时，听见她正在唱英文歌。本空在句中作宾语补足语，且宾语her和动词sing之间为主动关系，故本空应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填singing。
8.答案：untouched
解析： 考查过去分词。句意：他起床晚了，急匆匆地赶到办公室，没动早餐。本空在句中作宾语补足语，且宾语the breakfast和动词touch之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填untouched。
9.答案：contributions
解析： 考查名词。形容词great后应用名词，且contribution意为"贡献"时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。make contributions to意为"为……做出贡献"。故填contributions。
10.答案：majority
解析：考查名词。句意:由于病毒的广泛传播,春节期间大部分居民都选择待在家里而不是外出旅游。the majority of...意为"大多数……",故本空应用名词majority"多数,大多数(人或物)"。故填majority。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段讲到"Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year(气温一直在15.5℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和)"可知作者通过比较气温来支持第一段的主题。故选B。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious,’ said Kutalmis Saylam(对于冰盖上的科学家来说,这种温暖令人担忧。‘这真的让我很焦虑。’ Kutalmis Saylam说)"可知,第二段中Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖这件事。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词后文的"The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land(我们现在看到的天气太热,装有滑雪装备的飞机无法降落)"可知,飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的"But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.",由此可推测这种温暖影响了着陆地点,D项(破坏)符合语境。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化,文章最后一段讲到Grinsted将这种异常的高温称为热浪,并指出温度升高显然与全球变暖有关。由此可推测作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：EBCFG
解析：①细节句。根据设空处前文"世界上存在塑料问题,而且这个问题正日益严重"和后文"但与此同时,你现在可以做五件事情来减少塑料垃圾"可知,第一段主要介绍的是全球面临着塑料污染问题,我们要做些事情来解决这一问题。E项"科学家们正在努力通过使塑料更具生物降解性来找到一个长期的解决方案"符合语境,逻辑通畅,说明科学家和普通人两方面的情况,在科学家们寻找解决方案的同时,普通人也可有所作为。故选E。
②过渡句。根据设空处前文"仅在美国就使用了约10%。那几乎是每个美国人每天使用一个塑料袋"可知,前文介绍的是美国人均每天使用塑料袋的数量。设空处后一句介绍的是丹麦关于使用塑料袋的政策。B项"相比之下,每个丹麦人平均每年使用四个一次性塑料袋"与前后文话题一致,且逻辑合理,承上启下。故选B。
③细节句。根据段落小标题可知,本段围绕"不要用塑料吸管"展开,C项"所以当你点饮料时,不要用吸管,或者带上你自己的可重复使用的吸管"不仅围绕本段主题展开,而且和前文是合理的因果关系。故选C。
④细节句。根据段落小标题可知,本段围绕"不要使用塑料瓶"展开,F项"一些城市,如澳大利亚的本达农和美国的旧金山,已经完全或部分禁止瓶装水"符合段落主旨,且与下文内容(然而,在全球范围内,人们仍然每分钟购买近一百万个塑料瓶)形成转折关系。故选F。
⑤细节句。根据上文"今天,挪威回收了97%的塑料瓶"可知,上文介绍了挪威在塑料瓶回收上取得的成就。G项"怎样做到的 大多数超市的机器都会回收瓶子,每个瓶子最多退款2.5克朗(32美分)"能够承接上文,介绍了挪威是如何取得这一成就的。故选G。