寒假轻松衔接外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Into the wild 复习巩固 （含答案）
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| 名称 | 寒假轻松衔接外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Into the wild 复习巩固 （含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 10:31:54 | ||
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复习巩固：（5）Unit 5 Into the wild——2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）寒假轻松衔接
一、填空题
1.__________(fortunate), I won’t be able to attend the meeting.
2.We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to economic _____(recover).
3.The People's Republic of China _____(found) on October 1st, 1949.
4.It is reported that this town attracts more than three million tourists _____(annual).
5.The _____(solve) is not perfect but no one can come up with a better one at the moment.
6.Moreover, the scenery along the river is _____(amaze), with many well-known sightseeing spots.
7.In order to see the sunrise, they determined _____(set) off early the next morning.
8.It is inspiring to know that the person that we had lost track of _____(eventual) turned up.
9.The number of wild animals in the world _____(crash) by about 70% in the last 50 years.
10.The scientific and technological progress allows online teaching _____(emerge).
二、阅读理解
It is quite clear to me, based on my research, that tropical(热带的) insects rather than polar bears could be among the first species to become extinct(灭绝的) as a result of global warming.
Insects in the tropics are already living at the limit of their temperature range and any further increase could quickly kill them off. This would be a major disaster for tropical habitats, which rely on insects for everything from pollination(授粉) to waste disposal(处理). We have found that a rise in average temperatures in the tropics of just 1℃ or 2℃ could be enough to bring about a significant and harmful effect on the survival of a wide variety of important insects. Fitness levels most likely decline quickly and there may not be much we can do about it.
Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures because the climate they experience is pretty steady throughout the year. Now our study shows that they will be harmed by rising temperatures more than species in cold climates. Unfortunately, the tropics also hold the large majority of species on the planet.
We used daily and monthly global temperatures from the 50-year period between 1950 and 2000and compared them with data showing the "fitness levels" of different species. "Fitness" was determined by indicators such as population growth rates and physical performance for different creatures.
We found that even moving into the shade did not help the insects. The direct effects of climate change on the organisms(生物) we studied appear to depend a lot more on the organisms' flexibility than on the amount of warming in the area where they lived.
As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms that there will be other consequences of global warming that could also have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops. Our research focused only on the impact of changes in temperature, but warming will also change rainfall patterns. These changes could be more important for many tropical organisms, such as plants, but they are harder to predict.
11.What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Global warming. B.Living in the tropics.
C.Killing polar bears off. D.Insects becoming extinct.
12.Why are tropical species more likely harmed by climate change
A.The fitness of crops they feed on is declining.
B.They can hardly stand up to temperature changes.
C.Their living environment has been greatly damaged.
D.The amount of warming is not steady in the tropics.
13.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.The significance of the research.
B.The challenge facing the researchers.
C.Predictions about the impacts of global warming.
D.Suggestions on how to preserve tropical regions.
14.What is the main purpose of this text
A.To solve a problem. B.To give practical advice.
C.To report a coming event. D.To present a research result.
三、七选五
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ①________
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ②________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ③________
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important matters.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案： Unfortunately
解析：句意: 很遗憾我不能参加这次会议。副词Unfortunately位于句首做状语。故填Unfortunately。
2.答案：recovery
解析：句意: 在经济复苏的道路上, 我们一定会经历一些波折。此处作介词to的宾语, 应用名词。故填recovery。
3.答案：was founded
解析：句意: 中华人民共和国于1949年10月1日成立。主语与谓语动词是被动关系, 由时间状语可知此处为一般过去时。故填was founded。
4.答案：annually
解析：考查副词。句意:据报道,这个城镇每年吸引三百多万游客。本空修饰动词attracts,故应用副词作状语。故填annually。
5.答案：solution
解析：考查名词。句意:这个解决办法并不完美,但目前没有人能提出更好的解决办法了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词形式。故填solution。
6.答案：amazing
解析：考查形容词。句意:此外,沿河的景色令人惊叹,有许多著名的观光景点。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为the scenery along the river,再结合句意可知本空应用形容词amazing,意为"令人惊叹的"。故填amazing。
7.答案：to set
解析：考查不定式。句意:为了看日出,他们决定第二天早上早点出发。determine to do sth.意为"决定做某事"，故本空应用不定式作宾语。故填to set。
8.答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意:得知我们失去联系的那个人终于出现了,真是令人鼓舞。本空作状语,故应用副词形式。故填eventually。
9.答案：has crashed
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的50年里,世界上野生动物的数量下降了约70%。根据时间状语 in the last 50 years可知,本空应用现在完成时。the number of...表示"……的数量",作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故填has crashed。
10.答案：to emerge
解析：句意: 科学与技术的进步使得网络教学出现了。allow sb./sth. to do sth.允许......做某事。故填to emerge。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Insects in the tropics are... to waste disposal.(热带地区的昆虫已经生活在其温度范围的极限,任何进一步的温度升高都可能快速杀死它们。这将是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难,从授粉到废物处理,热带栖息地的一切都依赖昆虫。)"可知,热带栖息地的维护有赖于热带昆虫,因此热带昆虫的灭绝是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难,This指代"Insects becoming extinct(昆虫灭绝)"。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"We have found that a rise...on the survival of a wide variety of important insects."和第三段中"Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures"可知,许多热带物种只能接受有限的温度范围,温度仅上升1℃或2℃就可能带来巨大灾难,说明热带物种几乎经不起温度的变化。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中"As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms...have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops.(这项研究证实,除了对昆虫的威胁外,全球变暖还会带来其他后果,也可能对热带地区,尤其是粮食作物产生严重影响。)"及"but they are harder to predict"可知,最后一段不仅介绍了全球变暖对热带昆虫的不利影响,还表明全球变暖产生的变化会影响到热带地区的植物(但很难预测),C项"关于全球变暖影响的预测。"能概括本段大意。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中"based on my research",第二段中"We have found that",第三段中的"Now our study shows that"和最后一段中"the research confirms that"可推断出,本文的写作目的是在展示研究结果。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：CEFGB
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了睡眠的重要性。
①根据前一句"When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month."可知,如果不让实验老鼠睡觉,它们一个月之内就死了。同样,人几天不睡觉,也会生病。人和动物匹配,死和生病形成对比。故选C。
②根据前一句提到的睡眠有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆,与E项(所以如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉,他们在考试中就会表现得更好)前后逻辑关系顺畅,因果联系紧密。故选E。
③根据下文中的"he"可知此处要提到一个"他的"理论。故选F
④根据下文中提到的"synapses in the mice"可知,他肯定在老鼠的身上做了实验。故选G。
⑤根据后一句提到的"You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)"可知,大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来。故选B。
一、填空题
1.__________(fortunate), I won’t be able to attend the meeting.
2.We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to economic _____(recover).
3.The People's Republic of China _____(found) on October 1st, 1949.
4.It is reported that this town attracts more than three million tourists _____(annual).
5.The _____(solve) is not perfect but no one can come up with a better one at the moment.
6.Moreover, the scenery along the river is _____(amaze), with many well-known sightseeing spots.
7.In order to see the sunrise, they determined _____(set) off early the next morning.
8.It is inspiring to know that the person that we had lost track of _____(eventual) turned up.
9.The number of wild animals in the world _____(crash) by about 70% in the last 50 years.
10.The scientific and technological progress allows online teaching _____(emerge).
二、阅读理解
It is quite clear to me, based on my research, that tropical(热带的) insects rather than polar bears could be among the first species to become extinct(灭绝的) as a result of global warming.
Insects in the tropics are already living at the limit of their temperature range and any further increase could quickly kill them off. This would be a major disaster for tropical habitats, which rely on insects for everything from pollination(授粉) to waste disposal(处理). We have found that a rise in average temperatures in the tropics of just 1℃ or 2℃ could be enough to bring about a significant and harmful effect on the survival of a wide variety of important insects. Fitness levels most likely decline quickly and there may not be much we can do about it.
Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures because the climate they experience is pretty steady throughout the year. Now our study shows that they will be harmed by rising temperatures more than species in cold climates. Unfortunately, the tropics also hold the large majority of species on the planet.
We used daily and monthly global temperatures from the 50-year period between 1950 and 2000and compared them with data showing the "fitness levels" of different species. "Fitness" was determined by indicators such as population growth rates and physical performance for different creatures.
We found that even moving into the shade did not help the insects. The direct effects of climate change on the organisms(生物) we studied appear to depend a lot more on the organisms' flexibility than on the amount of warming in the area where they lived.
As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms that there will be other consequences of global warming that could also have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops. Our research focused only on the impact of changes in temperature, but warming will also change rainfall patterns. These changes could be more important for many tropical organisms, such as plants, but they are harder to predict.
11.What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Global warming. B.Living in the tropics.
C.Killing polar bears off. D.Insects becoming extinct.
12.Why are tropical species more likely harmed by climate change
A.The fitness of crops they feed on is declining.
B.They can hardly stand up to temperature changes.
C.Their living environment has been greatly damaged.
D.The amount of warming is not steady in the tropics.
13.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.The significance of the research.
B.The challenge facing the researchers.
C.Predictions about the impacts of global warming.
D.Suggestions on how to preserve tropical regions.
14.What is the main purpose of this text
A.To solve a problem. B.To give practical advice.
C.To report a coming event. D.To present a research result.
三、七选五
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ①________
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ②________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ③________
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important matters.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案： Unfortunately
解析：句意: 很遗憾我不能参加这次会议。副词Unfortunately位于句首做状语。故填Unfortunately。
2.答案：recovery
解析：句意: 在经济复苏的道路上, 我们一定会经历一些波折。此处作介词to的宾语, 应用名词。故填recovery。
3.答案：was founded
解析：句意: 中华人民共和国于1949年10月1日成立。主语与谓语动词是被动关系, 由时间状语可知此处为一般过去时。故填was founded。
4.答案：annually
解析：考查副词。句意:据报道,这个城镇每年吸引三百多万游客。本空修饰动词attracts,故应用副词作状语。故填annually。
5.答案：solution
解析：考查名词。句意:这个解决办法并不完美,但目前没有人能提出更好的解决办法了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词形式。故填solution。
6.答案：amazing
解析：考查形容词。句意:此外,沿河的景色令人惊叹,有许多著名的观光景点。本空在句中作表语,且句子主语为the scenery along the river,再结合句意可知本空应用形容词amazing,意为"令人惊叹的"。故填amazing。
7.答案：to set
解析：考查不定式。句意:为了看日出,他们决定第二天早上早点出发。determine to do sth.意为"决定做某事"，故本空应用不定式作宾语。故填to set。
8.答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意:得知我们失去联系的那个人终于出现了,真是令人鼓舞。本空作状语,故应用副词形式。故填eventually。
9.答案：has crashed
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的50年里,世界上野生动物的数量下降了约70%。根据时间状语 in the last 50 years可知,本空应用现在完成时。the number of...表示"……的数量",作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故填has crashed。
10.答案：to emerge
解析：句意: 科学与技术的进步使得网络教学出现了。allow sb./sth. to do sth.允许......做某事。故填to emerge。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Insects in the tropics are... to waste disposal.(热带地区的昆虫已经生活在其温度范围的极限,任何进一步的温度升高都可能快速杀死它们。这将是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难,从授粉到废物处理,热带栖息地的一切都依赖昆虫。)"可知,热带栖息地的维护有赖于热带昆虫,因此热带昆虫的灭绝是热带栖息地的一场重大灾难,This指代"Insects becoming extinct(昆虫灭绝)"。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"We have found that a rise...on the survival of a wide variety of important insects."和第三段中"Many tropical species can only accept a narrow range of temperatures"可知,许多热带物种只能接受有限的温度范围,温度仅上升1℃或2℃就可能带来巨大灾难,说明热带物种几乎经不起温度的变化。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中"As well as the danger to insects, the research confirms...have a serious impact on tropical regions, particularly on food crops.(这项研究证实,除了对昆虫的威胁外,全球变暖还会带来其他后果,也可能对热带地区,尤其是粮食作物产生严重影响。)"及"but they are harder to predict"可知,最后一段不仅介绍了全球变暖对热带昆虫的不利影响,还表明全球变暖产生的变化会影响到热带地区的植物(但很难预测),C项"关于全球变暖影响的预测。"能概括本段大意。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中"based on my research",第二段中"We have found that",第三段中的"Now our study shows that"和最后一段中"the research confirms that"可推断出,本文的写作目的是在展示研究结果。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：CEFGB
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了睡眠的重要性。
①根据前一句"When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month."可知,如果不让实验老鼠睡觉,它们一个月之内就死了。同样,人几天不睡觉,也会生病。人和动物匹配,死和生病形成对比。故选C。
②根据前一句提到的睡眠有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆,与E项(所以如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉,他们在考试中就会表现得更好)前后逻辑关系顺畅,因果联系紧密。故选E。
③根据下文中的"he"可知此处要提到一个"他的"理论。故选F
④根据下文中提到的"synapses in the mice"可知,他肯定在老鼠的身上做了实验。故选G。
⑤根据后一句提到的"You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)"可知,大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来。故选B。