北师大版（2019）选修一Unit 1 Relationships Lesson 2 How Do We Like Teachers’ Feedback?重点词汇学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Relationships Section C Lesson 2 How Do We Like Teachers' Feedback
1preference n．偏爱，偏好；偏爱的事物　prefer vt.宁可；较喜欢　preferable adj.更可取，较合适
(教材原句)to depend on personal preference 依靠个人偏好
have/ show a preference for 对……偏爱；认为……更好
give (a) preference to... 优先考虑……；优待……
in preference to 优先于……；而不是……
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fiction.
比起通俗小说，我更喜欢严肃小说。
While selecting job applicants, we usually give preference to those with some experience.
在筛选求职者的过程中，我们通常优先考虑有一定经验的人。
She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano.
她选择学小提琴而不是学钢琴。
She prefers pop music and jazz to classical music.
与古典音乐相比，她更喜欢流行音乐与爵士音乐。
They prefer to use that dictionary instead of using this one.他们更爱用那本词典而不爱用这本。
They preferred staying at home to going to the movies.
他们宁可待在家里，也不愿去看电影。
[拓展归纳]　
prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B
prefer to do/ doing 更喜欢做……
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I'd choose the small car in preference ________ the larger one.
②They always had a preference ________ taking their holidays abroad.
③I became a teacher because I preferred books and people ________ politics.
④Many people expressed a strong ________ (prefer) for a trip to the desert.
一句多译
他们宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
(prefer doing... to doing...)
⑥________________________________________________________________________
(prefer to do... rather than do...)
⑦________________________________________________________________________
(would rather... than...)
2handle vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面)；对待；操纵，操作　n．把手；柄
(教材原句)to be handled carefully 小心处理
handle sth. well/perfectly/badly/poorly
某事处理得好/完美/不好/差
handle the crisis/conflict 处理危机/冲突
handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客
handle the machine 操作机器
handle a problem 处理问题
handle the situation well 很好地应付局势
handle the call 接电话
We can handle up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices.
我们在新办公室里每小时可处理多达500通电话。
I think I would handle a meeting with Mr Green very badly.我觉得我可能应付不了与格林先生的会谈。
I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
对于能否驾驶功率这样大的汽车，我没有把握。
I turned the handle and found the door was open.
我转动把手，发现门是开着的。
[归纳拓展]　(1)熟词生义：handle的原意是“把手”，引申为“处理”时，其内涵是“管理”“操作”“控制”等。
(2)表示“对付，应付”的短语：do with, deal with。
[即学即练]　写出句中handle的词性及含义
①A new man was appointed to handle the crisis.____________
②To tell the truth, I don't know if I can handle the job.____________
③You have to push on the handle to turn it—it's very stiff.____________
④Do you know how to handle the machine？____________
⑤Some of the students are quite difficult to handle. They always challenge my patience.____________
⑥Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.____________
3upset adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；失望　vt.(upset, upset)使生气，使心烦意乱；打乱；打翻
(教材原句)to get upset感到不安
She's been very upset and depressed about this whole situation.整个境况使她感到心烦意乱、意志消沉。
I will be upset with the decision of the club but I will find another solution.
我会对俱乐部的决定感到失望，但是我会找到其他的解决方法。
Debbie was upset that he didn't spend more time with her.黛比感到不高兴，因为他没有花更多的时间来陪她。
Don't upset yourself about it—let's just forget it ever happened.你别为这件事烦恼了——咱们就只当它没发生过吧。
[一言助记]　The bad news upset me. As a result, I upset a glass of milk on the desk, which upset my plan for feeding the pet. My kid was upset about it.那则坏消息使我心烦意乱。结果，我把桌上的一杯牛奶弄翻了，这打乱了我喂宠物的计划。我的孩子对此很不高兴。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I was upset ________ Debbie ignored me when I passed by her.
②She stood up suddenly, ________ (upset) a glass of wine.
③It upset her ________ (hear) that the holiday had been cancelled.
一句多译
让汤姆感到沮丧的是我们忘记了他的生日。
④________________________________________________________________________
(be upset about)
⑤________________________________________________________________________
(be upset that...)
⑥________________________________________________________________________
(upset v．)
4ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的　shame n．遗憾的事；羞愧　vt.使羞愧；使蒙羞　shameful adj.可耻的　shameless adj.无耻的
(教材原句)to feel hurt/ashamed/discouraged
感到受伤/羞愧/泄气
be ashamed to do sth. 因惭愧而不情愿做某事
be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到羞愧
be ashamed of (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而感到惭愧/羞耻
feel/be ashamed that... 感到惭愧/羞愧……
to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是
What a shame! 多可惜！/真遗憾！
shameful behaviour 可耻的行为
hang/bow one's head in shame 羞愧地低下头
It's a shame that... 真遗憾……
She was ashamed to tell her parents that she had failed the exam.她不好意思告诉父母自己考试不及格。
You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You've created this problem.你们应该感到惭愧，都是你们惹的祸。
The engineer felt ashamed that he couldn't repair this machine.这位工程师不会修理这台机器，他觉得惭愧。
[比较]　ashamed/shameful
(1)ashamed“羞耻的，惭愧的”，一般作表语，主语是人；
ashamed常用作表语。有同样用法的单词还有alone、asleep、awake、alike、aware等
(2)shameful“可耻的”，通常修饰事物或行为，既可作表语，也可作定语。
The boy is ashamed of his shameful behaviour.
那个男孩为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He is ashamed ________ (let) me know what he has done.
②I feel quite ________ (shame) that I have not fulfilled the task.
③________ is a shame that they should abandon the project halfway.
选词填空：ashamed/shameful
④We must expose this ________ activity to the newspapers.
⑤She was deeply ________ of her behaviour at the party.
完成句子
⑥______________________ (真遗憾) we should have lost such an important customer.
⑦______________________ (令我羞愧的是), I never thanked him for his kindness.
5intention n．意图，目的；打算　intend v．想要；打算　intended adj.为……打算/设计的；打算的
(教材原句)But I do understand my teacher's intention.
但我确实理解老师的意图。
have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事；无意做……
with the intention of... 有……的目的/意图；打算做……
have every intention of doing... 一心做……
indicate one's intention 表明某人的意图
intend to do sth.＝intend doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for 专为……准备/设计的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
As a matter of fact, they have no intention of getting married at present.事实上，他们目前没有结婚的打算。
He wrote the letter with the intention of asking for some advice.他写了这封信打算征求一些意见。
They intend to work hard and save to put their children through university.
他们打算努力工作，省下钱来供孩子上大学。
She intends me to have a talk with her parents.
她想让我和她父母谈谈。
This book is intended for the general readers rather than the students.这本书面向一般读者而非学生。
The design is intended to use space as economically as possible.这个设计方案是为了尽可能节省空间。
[学法点拨]　intend用于过去完成时(即had intended)，意为“本打算做而未做”。有这种用法的词还有hope、think、expect、mean等。
I had intended to go to your party yesterday but an unexpected guest visited me.
我昨天本来打算去参加你的聚会，但来了一位不速之客。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He left England ________ the intention of travelling in Africa.
②I have no ________ (intend) of allowing you to continue living here alone.
③The money is intended ________ the development of the tourism industry.
④The journey was intended ________ (achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
完成句子
⑤He went to Paris __________________ (目的是) learning French.
⑥The headmaster __________________ (打算让吉姆发表演讲) in front of the whole school.
⑦He ____________________ (原本打算找份工作) in the media, but gave up the plan after that unpleasant experience.
6demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的　demand v. & n．要求
(教材原句)She is very strict and demanding...
她要求非常严格……
a demanding boss 一个苛刻的老板
a demanding job 一份要求很高的工作
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
in demand 需求量很大；很受欢迎
on demand 一经要求；按照需求
supply and demand 供给和需求
make demands on 对……提出要求
satisfy/meet one's demands 满足某人的要求
demand sth. from/of sb. 向某人要某物
It is a demanding role and she needs to work hard at it.
那是一个要求很高的角色，她需要努力。
Like running, swimming is physically demanding.
和跑步一样，游泳也需要有很好的体力。
My father came down and demanded to know what was going on.我父亲走下来并要求知道正在发生什么事情。
The teacher demanded that John (should) go there at once.(demand后的名词性从句要用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”)老师要求约翰马上去那里。
Our company will make efforts to satisfy the customers' demand for the product.
我们公司将努力满足客户对产品的需求。
[易错警示]　(1)用demand表示“要求某人做某事”时，不能用“demand sb. to do sth.”，而要用demand of/from sb. to do sth.
如：He demanded of/from me to shut the gate.他要求我关上大门。
不直接加宾语的动词还有arrange
如arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事
(2)表示“要求某人某事”时，不能用demand sb. sth.或demand sb. of sth.，而用demand sth. from/of sb.如：
He demanded help from/of us.
他要求我们援助。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Passengers must show their tickets ________ demand.
②Grandfather clocks are very much ________ demand again today.
③Her boss was very ________ (demand) but appreciative of Christina's talents.
④The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ (raise) by 20 percent.
⑤She never turned her back upon her neighbours whenever they made demands ________ her.
完成句子
⑥The company's report is available ____________________ (一经要求)．
7effective adj.有效的，生效的；实际的　effectively adv.有效地　effect n．影响；效果；作用
(教材原句)Although it is very demanding for my teacher, it is more effective than other types of feedback.
虽然这对我的老师要求很高，但它比其他类型的反馈更有效。
be effective
an effective cure 有效的治疗方法
take effective measures 采取有效措施
become effective 生效
come into effect (法律等)生效
have an effect/influence on 对……有影响
put/bring sth. into effect 使生效；实行；实施
take effect 生效，起作用
side effect 副作用
Should soap be effective against all flu viruses
肥皂对所有流感病毒都有效吗？
Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.
去年，钢的实际需求下降了。
The contract will come into effect upon signature.
此合同一经签字就会生效。
The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.
该广告宣传活动对销售额并没有起到多大作用。
[拓展]　in effect事实上；生效
His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months.过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The clothes are ________ (effect) in keeping cool in warm weather.
②That deal would create, ________ effect, the world's biggest airline.
③The new law will have no significant effect ________ the lives of most people.
④The public should be educated to use resources more ________ (effective)．
⑤These and other such measures ought to have been put ________ effect last year.
⑥The medical experiments showed that the new medicine was not effective ________ cancer.
完成句子
⑦The traffic laws don't ______________ (生效) until the end of the year.
8raise vt.提出，提起；升起，举起；饲养；筹集
(教材原句)It also gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don't understand.
这也给了我们一个机会对我们不了解的事情提出更多的问题。
raise questions 提出问题
raise people's confidence 提高人们的信心
raise prices 提高价格
raise public awareness about environmental protection
提高公众环保意识
raise funds for the school 为该校筹集资金
raise money (＝raise funds) 筹钱
raise money for... 为……筹款
raise cattle 饲养牛
raise the family 养家
She raised her finger to her lips as a sign of silence.
她把手指放到嘴唇上以示安静。
We must do everything we can to raise the people's living standards.我们要想尽一切办法来提高人民的生活水平。
Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
农业比狩猎和采集生产出人均更多的食物，所以人们能够养育更多的孩子。
[比较]　raise/rise/arise
(1)raise vt. (raised, raised)举起，使……上升
(2)rise vi. (rose, risen)升起来，上升
(3)arise vi.(arose, arisen)产生，发生；出现
[即学即练]　写出句中raise的含义
①The old man likes raising rabbits, chickens, dogs and horses.____________
②They raised their output by more than half in less than three years.____________
③The committee helped us raise 200，000 yuan to found the school buildings.____________
④Every time I raise a question, she is the first to put up her hand. ____________
选词填空：raise/rise/arise
⑤As her name comes up, many memories ________．
⑥She ________ her head and stared at them.
⑦The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.
9highlight vt.标出；突出显示；强调　n．最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分
(教材原句)For example, he can highlight my mistakes...
例如，他可以标出我的错误……
highlight one's mistakes 标出某人的错误
highlight the importance of creativity 强调创造力的重要性
highlight skills and achievements 突出技能和成绩
highlight the importance (of) 强调(……的)重要性
highlight concerns/problems 强调关注点/问题
the highlight of the show 演出中最精彩的部分
the highlight of the week's events 本周活动的亮点
the highlight of his career 他职业生涯的高峰期
Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you.
请把你们不熟悉的词语都标示出来。
The president highlighted the importance of his visit to China.这位总统强调他访问中国的重要性。
I've highlighted the important tense in yellow.
我用黄色标出了重要时态。
[语境助记]　The highlight of our tour was visiting the palace.我们旅行中最精彩的部分就是参观那座宫殿。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The ________ (highlight) of the match are shown on TV.
②Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by ________ (highlight) the heavy labor she had done before.
写出句中highlight的词性及含义
③I'm just trying to highlight the things you have already known a little bit about.____________
④This week's TV highlights will be replayed at the weekend.____________
10manner n．方式，方法；举止，态度；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
(教材原句)．.. we should do it in a less direct manner, especially to those who are shy or sensitive.
……我们应该用一种不那么直接的方式做，尤其是对那些害羞或敏感的人。
in a(n)．.. manner 以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
in a friendly manner 友好地
in a rude manner 粗鲁地
have bad/good manners 没有/有礼貌
have no manners 没礼貌
mind one's manners 注意自己的举止
table manners 餐桌规矩；餐桌礼仪
It is good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌/没礼貌的。
There is a noticeable coolness in his manner.
在他的举止中表现出一种明显的冷淡。
Mother attaches a great deal of value to good manners．(manners常用来指“礼貌”)妈妈很重视礼貌。
It is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host.
一两天后写信或打电话对东道主表示感谢是礼貌的。
[拓展]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ is good manners not to disturb others when they are occupied with their work.
②It is my belief that good manners ________ (be) very important to everybody.
③The manner ________ which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
④The employer has earned her customers' respect because she has very pleasant telephone ________ (manner)．
11sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；(对光、食物等)过敏的
a sensitive issue/topic 敏感的问题/话题
a highly sensitive electronic camera 高度灵敏的电子摄像机
a sensitive and intelligent young man 一个善解人意、非常聪明的年轻人
The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。
Young people are very sensitive about their appearance.
年轻人对自己的外貌很在乎。
She is very sensitive to this topic, so we'd better not discuss it before her.
她对这个话题很敏感，所以我们最好不要在她面前讨论。
You will need to be committed, patient and sensitive to others.你需要尽心尽力、有耐心和体恤他人。
[易错提示]　sensitive既可表示具体的“对……过敏”，又可以表示抽象的“对……敏感”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Don't mention that she's put on weight—she's very sensitive ________ it．
②She's very ________ (sense) to her pupils' need for encouragement and knows when to praise them.
1．①to　②for　③to　④preference　⑤They preferred dying to giving in to the enemy.　⑥They preferred to die rather than give in to the enemy.　⑦They would rather die than give in to the enemy.
2．①动词，处理　②动词，应对　③名词，把手　④动词，操作
⑤动词，对付　⑥动词，应对
3．①that　②upsetting　③to hear　④Tom is upset about our forgetting his birthday.　⑤Tom is upset that we forgot his birthday.　⑥It upsets Tom that we forgot his birthday.
4．①to let　②ashamed　③It　④shameful　⑤ashamed　⑥It is a shame that　⑦To my shame
5．①with　②intention　③for　④to achieve　⑤with the intention of　⑥intended Jim to deliver a speech　⑦had intended to get a job
6．①on　②in　③demanding　④(should) be raised　⑤on　⑥on demand
7．①effective　②in　③on　④effectively　⑤into　⑥against
⑦take effect/come into effect
8．①饲养　②提高　③筹集　④提出　⑤arise　⑥raised　⑦rises
9．①highlights　②highlighting　③动词，强调　④名词，最精彩的部分
10．①It　②are　③in　④manners
11．①about　②sensitive