北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Relationships Lesson 3 So Close,Yet So Far重点词汇学案 （含答案）

Unit 1 Relationships Section D Lesson 3 So Close, Yet So Far
1constantly adv.持续不断地；经常地　constant adj.持续不断的；经常的；不变的
(教材原句)．..so I'm constantly posting updates on social media...
……所以我可以不断地在社交媒体上发表最新信息……
As I walked through the town, I was constantly reminded of my childhood.
当我步行穿过这座城镇时，我不断回忆起我的童年。
[学法点拨]　constantly用于进行时时，表示重复的动作，常含有厌烦、赞扬等感彩。
I'm constantly telling him to behave himself.
我不断地告诉他要守规矩。
a constant increase 持续增长
a constant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的游客
keep at a constant speed 保持匀速行驶
keep in constant contact with 一直与……保持联系
He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia.他在澳大利亚时一直和家人保持着联系。
[比较]　constant/continuous
·constant“不断的，经常的”，强调始终如一地经常出现；
·continuous“不停的，连续不断的”，强调中间不停顿。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are ________ (constant) being reminded to cut down our fat intake.
②These machines are ________ (constant) updated by improving the design of the computers.
选词填空：constant/continuous
③________ arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage.
④On holidays, we can see a ________ line of cars on highways.
⑤Our homes and offices need a ________ supply of electricity.
2flow n. & vi.流，流动
(教材原句)I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.
我总是不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。
There is a steady flow of traffic in the morning.(a flow of源源不断的)早上有川流不息的来往车辆。
She lost control and the tears began to flow.
她禁不住泪如泉涌。
There was a block in the pipe and the water couldn't flow away.管子内有阻塞物，水无法流走。
The long line of cars flowed to the airport.
长长的汽车队伍向机场驶去。
[拓展]　
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After the concert the people flowed ________ of the hall.
②We ought to channel this street so that water can flow ________ easily.
③On the night of National Day, crowds of people flowed ________ the park to watch the fireworks.
3associate v．与某人交往；联想，联合　association n．协会；社团；联想；联系；交往
associate with sb. 与某人交往
associate...with... 把……跟……联系起来
be associated with 与……有联系
in association with 与……有关联；与……联合
They associate with all the right people socially.
在社交中他们和所有正直的人结交。
We should associate ourselves with this large firm.
我们应该和这家大公司联合。
The doctor was associated in the child's mind with injections and pains.在孩子的心里，医生与打针和疼痛有联系。
We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与一些本地公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。
[归纳拓展]　与……有关系/有联系
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①These symptoms are particularly ________ (associate) with headaches.
②The council is working ________ association with the Department of Education.
③A man's character can be measured by the types of men ________ whom he associates.
④We shall help each other as far as we can while our business ________ (associate) lasts.
⑤French bread has had positive ________ (association) for me ever since I went on holiday to France.
4barely adv.几乎不；刚刚，勉强可能
(教材原句)I'm barely the only person who feels this way.
我不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。
The islanders could barely survive without an export crop.
没有出口作物，这个岛上的居民几乎无法生存。
had barely done sth. when/before...
一……就……；刚刚……就……
I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.
我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。
I had barely said my name before he led me to the interview room.我刚说出我的名字，他就带我到面谈室去了。
[学法点拨]　表示否定意义的副词barely/hardly/scarcely/rarely位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。
Barely had we set off when we realised we'd left the dog behind.我们刚出发就想起我们把狗落在家里了。
[误区警示]　barely与when/before连用表示“一……就……”时，主句多用过去完成时，而从句则用一般过去时。barely一般位于实义动词之前，系动词或助动词之后。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He had barely rested ________ he was called out again.
②He took ________ (bare) enough money to keep the children in bread.
③Barely had he arrived when she ________ (start) complaining.
完成句子
④He ______________________________ (当时只有20岁) and already running his own company.
⑤________________________________ (他刚打开门) when a burst of wind blew the candle.
5reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的；保留的；预订的　reserve n．保护区；储藏(量)　vt.预订；保留　reservation n．预订；保留意见
(教材原句)I'm way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I'm wired up every day, like most of my friends.
我远非一个害羞和含蓄的人，但是我每天都在网上，我的朋友们大多也是如此。
They are no longer so shy and reserved as they used to be.
他们不再像从前那样羞怯矜持了。
Even though I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.我虽然性格极为内敛，但喜欢和人接触。
I'll ask a waitress to show you to your reserved table.
我将叫一名服务员带您去您预订的桌子。
a nature reserve 自然保护区
in reserve 储备，备用
reserve sth. for... 为……预订/保留某物
reserve one's judgement (on sth.) 保留某人(对某事)的看法
make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约
express reservations about 就……持保留意见
without reservation 毫无保留地
It is advisable to keep a little food in reserve in case of emergency.储备少许食物以备不时之需是明智的。
I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
我要给餐厅打个电话预订座位。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Seats, or sometimes entire tables, ________ (reserve)．
②These seats are reserved ________ the elderly and women with babies.
③British men are often seen as being ________ (reserve) and unemotional.
④He went to the desk to inquire and make a ________ (reserve)．
⑤We will be keeping our new product ________ reserve until the launch date.
完成句子
⑥I think you should __________________________ (为……留一些钱) your retirement.
⑦They accepted the proposal __________________________ (毫无保留地)．
6distracted adj. 心神不定的，精神无法集中的　distract vt.分散；转移；分心　distraction n．分心
(教材原句)I attend parties and play sports but I'm always distracted.我也参加派对和体育运动，但总是不能专心。
When working, one should concentrate and not allow himself to be distracted.工作时要集中精力，不要分心。
distract...from 转移；使从……分心
be distracted by 被……搞得思想不集中
without distraction 不受干扰地
drive sb. to distraction 使某人精力分散；使心烦意乱
The noise distracted me from concentration.
这噪声使我不能专心。
She was distracted at the news.
她因听到那消息而精神错乱。
The children are driving me to distraction today.
今天孩子们闹得我心烦意乱。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They want to treat ________ (distract) driving like drunk driving.
②The noise made by the children outside distracted me ________ my reading.
③I study in the library as there are too many ________ (distraction) at home.
7reality n．现实；真实；事实
(教材原句)．..but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away.……但实际上，我的思绪总是飞到十万八千里之外。
face/accept reality 面对/接受现实
escape from reality 逃避现实
become a reality 成为现实
make sth. a reality 使某事成为现实
in reality (＝in fact/as a matter of fact)
实际上，事实上
The reality is that... 实际情况是……
I have to put aside fear and face reality.
我必须抛开恐惧，面对现实。
Mr Green is a professor in name but not in reality.
格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。
The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project.实际情况是没有足够的钱为这个项目支付。
[拓展]　real adj.真实的；真的
really adv.确实；真正地；事实上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Many of these books are far removed from the ________ (real) of the children's lives.
②These are problems we must expect if flying cars become ________ reality.
③You can't ________ (real) expect me to believe you didn't know him.
④It seems as if he knew everything, but ________ reality, he is as stupid as one can be.
8obsess v．使迷恋；使心神不宁　obsessed adj.着迷的；受……困扰的　obsession n．沉迷；困扰
(教材原句)I obsess over exactly how many followers I have on my account...
我总是惦记自己的账户有多少人关注……
obsess over 对……过分担心/着迷
be obsessed by 被……迷住；迷恋/痴迷……
obsess about 唠叨；挂牵；念念不忘
be obsessed with sb. 痴迷某人
become an obsession 变得着迷
have an obsession with sth. 迷恋某物
Stop obsessing over your hair. It looks fine.
别再过于担心你的头发了，它看上去很好。
She wasn't in love with Steve. She was obsessed by him physically.她并没有爱上史蒂夫，只是被他的外表迷住了。
I think you should stop obsessing about food.
我看你关于吃的东西应该停止唠叨。
Don't let this interest of yours become an obsession.
不要让你的这个兴趣迷了心窍。
He thinks all women have an obsession with shoes.
他认为所有女人都迷恋鞋子。
[拓展]　The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age.
她晚年一直受到死亡恐惧的困扰。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The idea that he might lose the position ________ (obsess) him.
②I am really crazy about English, just like you ________ (obsess) by Chinese.
③Make sure your child doesn't obsess ________ social networking.
④He is obsessed ________ computers.
⑤The media's ________ (obsess) with the young prince continues.
9dominate vi. & vt.主宰，支配，控制；占优势；占据主动
(教材原句)Social networking dominates my life in so many ways.
社交网络在很多方面都控制着我的生活。
dominate the conversation 左右/主导着交谈的内容
be dominated by 受……控制；由……支配
dominate the news 成了最重要新闻
dominate the world 支配这个世界
dominate one's life 左右着某人的生活
dominate sb. 控制/支配某人
The outgoing man tended to dominate the conversation.
这个外向的男人往往左右着谈话的内容。
They had the ambition to dominate this small country.
他们有控制这个小国的野心。
The industry is dominated by five multinational companies.这个行业受五家跨国公司控制。
Fathers have the power to dominate children and young people.父辈们有能力支配孩子们和年轻人的生活。
[拓展]　dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；占优势的
domination n．支配
a dominant position举足轻重的地位
the dominant feature of the room房间的显著特点
become dominant开始占据优势
the domination of对……的支配
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①At one time this view ________ (dominate) all over the academic circles.
②Food webs may ________ (dominate) by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
③The company has struggled to maintain its ________ (dominate) in the marketplace.
④The boy was brought up by his mother, who had a ________ (dominate) influence on his life.
10deadline n．截止日期，最后期限
(教材原句)Sometimes I set deadlines for myself...
有时我会为自己设定截止时间……
meet the deadline 赶上最后期限；按期完成
set the deadline 规定最后期限
extend the deadline 延长期限
put off the deadline 推迟最后期限
miss the deadline 错过最后期限；错过截止时间
You've got to extend the deadline to finish the job properly.
你得延长最后期限才能妥善完成这项工作。
They had to work against the clock to meet the deadline.
他们必须加速工作才能赶在最后期限内做完。
The boss will punish you if you miss the deadline for the job.要是你到期完不成工作，老板就会惩罚你。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Can the deadline ________ (extend) for a few more days
②Next Friday is ________ deadline for applicants to submit their photos and résumés.
完成句子
③If we can't ______________________ (按期完成), they won't give us another contract.
④You will be fined if you __________________________ (错过最后期限)．
11chase v．努力赢得；追捕，追求；追赶　n．追逐，追赶；追捕；狩猎
(教材原句)The stimulation is in chasing after the next song rather than truly enjoying it.
我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。
chase after 追逐；追求
chase sb./sth. away/off 赶走；驱逐
chase down 寻找，追踪到
Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think.
不管别人怎么想，用你所有的精力去追求你梦想的专业。
The dog ran into the garden and chased the birds away.
狗跑进了花园，赶跑了那些鸟。
There was a long chase before the criminal was caught.
经过长时间的追捕，这名罪犯才落网。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We are trying to chase ________ all possible clues to the theft.
②He said nothing to journalists, who chased ________ him as he left.
完成句子
③I will never cease to ______________ (追逐我的梦想)．
④He ________ all his friends ________ (把……赶走) and no one visited him anymore.
12desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的；极渴望的；极严重的　desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地；极严重地　desperation n．绝望；拼命
(教材原句)．..but as soon as I'm alone again, I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.……但是一旦我独自一人，就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和网上紧张的活动中。
be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事
be desperate for 极度渴望
make a desperate attempt to do sth. 孤注一掷做某事
in desperate need of love 非常需要爱
suffer a desperate shortage of water 严重缺水
a sense of desperation 绝望感
in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地
I was absolutely desperate to see her.我极想见到她。
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
这个在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望(得到)水。
For the first time in her life Jennifer was obsessed with a sense of desperation.詹妮弗有生以来第一次被一种绝望感所困扰。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was so desperate ________ a job that he would have something to do.
②I ran ________ (desperate) but failed to catch up.
③In ________ (desperate), Mrs White submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
④He was so desperate ________ (find) a job to support his family that he dropped out of school.
13delay vi. & vt.推迟，延期　n．耽搁；延期；推迟
(教材原句)Since I spend so much time socialising online, I keep delaying things that are important in my real life...
因为我花了很多时间上网社交，所以我一直在推迟现实生活中重要的事情……
(1)delay doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)without delay 立即，马上
make no delay 没有推迟
(a/the) delay in (doing) sth. 延迟(做)某事
They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed.
他们决定为这项工程增派工人，这样工程就不会被推迟了。
Don't delay replying to his e-mail, for it is a little urgent.
不要延迟回复他的电子邮件，因为事情有点儿紧急。
All these measures must be carried through without delay.所有这些措施必须立即实施。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The chairman accused the committee of the delay ________ passing his programme.
②They claimed that such ________ delay wouldn't hurt anyone.
③Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay ________ (do) their work until the last minute.
完成句子
④Problems, if any, __________________________________ (应被立即解决)．
14extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的；非凡的　extraordinarily adv. 非常，格外
(教材原句)And the extraordinary thing is nobody thought this was rude...不可思议的是没有人认为这不礼貌……
a woman of extraordinary beauty 一个容貌出众的女子
an extraordinary
extraordinary patience/success 非凡的耐心/成功
It is/was extraordinary that... ……实属罕见。
The task requires extraordinary patience and endurance.
这项任务需要非凡的耐心和忍耐力。
George has made extraordinary progress in his study of Chinese medicine.乔治在他的中医学习方面取得了惊人的进步。
It is very extraordinary that I should meet him here.
很奇怪，我在这儿竟然碰上他了。
The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.
那天清晨，大海出奇地平静。(副词修饰形容词)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The rules are simple but the play is ________ (extraordinary) complex.
②________ is extraordinary that the American girl Jenny speaks Chinese so fluently.
完成句子
③The child possessed ________________________ (非凡的记忆力)—he can remember so many stories.
④________________________________ (实属罕见) he should take charge of such a big company.
15complain vi. & vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚　complaint n．抱怨；投诉
(教材原句)On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone.去年夏天一次全家度假，我妹妹一直抱怨说她的手机需要充电。
(1)complain (to sb.) about... (向某人)抱怨……
complain (to sb.) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)a letter of complaint 投诉信
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉
make a complaint to sb. (about sth.)
向某人抱怨(某事)
have a complaint (against sb.) (对某人)有意见/不满
He never complained about working overtime.
他从来不因加班而抱怨。
She complained to me about his rude behaviour.
她向我抱怨他的粗鲁行为。
Mrs Jones complained to the doctor that her back always hurt.
琼斯太太向医生抱怨她背部老是痛。
She expressed her disgust at the programme by writing a letter of complaint.她写了封投诉信，表示对这个节目的反感。
We received a flood of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
我们收到了来自顾客的许多投诉，抱怨缺乏停车设施。
[说明]　complain 的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须先加介词to。类似的词还有explain, announce等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He will complain ________ having to do so much paperwork.
②Why don't you make a ________ (complain) against your noisy neighbours
③My complaint is ________ we can't go out on the racecourse anymore.
④There have been a number of ________ (complaint) about the standard of service on Britain's railways.
完成句子
⑤他总是向我抱怨有压力的生活。
He always ________________________ the stressful life.
16appointment n．约定；约会；任命　appoint vt.任命，委派；指定，约定　appointed adj.指定的，约定的
(教材原句)．..think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss!
……想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！
an appointment letter 任命书
by appointment 按照约定
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约
break/keep an appointment 爽约/守约
make an appointment 预约
appoint sb. to be... 任命某人担任……
appoint sb. as... 任命某人为……
at the appointed time 在约定的时间
appoint sb.
She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
He will only see visitors by appointment.他只根据预约会客。
The chairman had thought very deeply about the question of your appointment.主席曾经对你的任命问题深深思考过。
I have an appointment with Mr Wang, the manager.
我跟王经理有约。
We appointed him to be the president of the club.
我们任命他为俱乐部主席。
He was appointed as captain of the team.他被指定为队长。
[语境助记]　Ten minutes before the appointed time, he sat nervously outside her office.离约定时间还有十分钟，他紧张地坐在她的办公室外面。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The ________ (appoint) hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.
②I am coming to your company for an interview ________ appointment.
③I reminded him of the ________ (appoint), but he didn't make any response.
④To his joy, he ________ (appoint) as president. After all ，this represented his ability.
⑤She was appointed ________ (be) the manager of the sales department.
完成句子
⑥He ________________________ (被委任为) the ambassador of the United Nations last year.
1．①constantly　②constantly　③Constant　④continuous　⑤continuous
2．①out　②away　③into
3．①associated　②in　③with　④association　⑤associations
4．①when/before　②barely　③started　④was barely 20 (years old)　⑤Barely had he opened the door/He had barely opened the door
5．①are reserved　②for　③reserved　④reservation　⑤in　⑥reserve some money for　⑦without reservation
6．①distracted　②from　③distractions
7．①reality　②a　③really　④in
8．①obsessed　②are obsessed　③over　④by　⑤obsession
9．①was dominating　②be dominated　③domination　④dominant
10．①be extended　②the　③meet the deadline　④miss the deadline
11．①down　②after　③chase after my dream
④chased; away
12．①for　②desperately　③desperation　④to find
13．①in　②a　③doing　④should be solved without delay
14．①extraordinarily　②It　③an extraordinary memory
④It is extraordinary that
15．①about　②complaint　③that　④complaints
⑤complains to me about/makes a complaint to me about
16．①appointed　②by　③appointment　④was appointed　⑤to be　⑥was appointed to be/as