北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Relationships Section E Lesson 3 So Close,Yet So Far重点词汇学案 （含答案）

Unit 1 Relationships Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2
1invitation n．邀请；请柬；招致；鼓励　invite vt.邀请
(教材原句)AN INVITATION LETTER邀请信
an invitation card/an invitation letter 请柬
a letter of invitation 邀请信
accept/decline an invitation 接受/婉拒邀请
admission is by invitation only 凭请柬入场
send out an invitation 发出邀请
receive an invitation 收到邀请
refuse/turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
at one's invitation/at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请
by invitation only 凭请柬
Much to my regret，I am unable to accept your kind invitation.不能接受您的盛情邀请，我深感抱歉。
Thank you for your invitation，which I am very pleased to accept.承蒙邀请，我欣然接受。
I received his invitation to the party but I didn't accept it.我收到了他的聚会邀请，但是我没接受。
This is the second time that the nice young man has invited me out for dinner！这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃饭！
For the first time in our lives，we were invited to an important ball.
那是我们一生中第一次应邀去参加一个重要的舞会。
Hello，ladies and gentlemen！Today，we have invited Prof.Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society.
女士们、先生们，你们好！今天，我们邀请了斯通教授来谈谈老年人在我们社会中的作用。
[拓展]　invite vt.邀请；请求；招致→inviting adj.诱人的；吸引人的
invite sb. for邀请某人参加
invite sb. in邀请某人进屋
invite sb. out邀请某人外出(尤指是去吃饭或看电影)
invite sb. over for dinner
邀请某人到家中吃饭
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to...(to后加“名词”)
邀请某人到某地或参加某活动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The kitchen was warm, ________ (invite) and blessedly familiar.
②Don't stand talking at the gate, Bruce. Invite your friend ________．
③Doctoral candidates will be invited ________ an interview early next month.
④I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the ________ (invite) anyway.
完成句子
⑤I received ______________________ (一封邀请信), but I didn't accept.
⑥Mother __________________________ (接受邀请) to a dinner party, but a headache made her beg off.
2organise vt.组织，筹划，安排　organisation n．组织，安排；条理　organiser n．组织者　organised 又作organized adj.有组织的；有条理的
(教材原句)Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school...
假设你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛……
organise a meeting/concert 筹办会议/音乐会
organise...into... 组织……成立……
organise sb. to do sth. 组织某人做某事
They organised a campaign to raise money for the war refugees.他们组织了一次为战争难民筹款的活动。
If you want to speak at the meeting，you should organise your thoughts well before hand.
你如果想在会上发言，应该事先把思路理顺。
A special group was organised to dig up the particulars of the case.
成立了一个专门的小组来查明该案件的细节。
The department was badly organised until she took charge of it.
这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。
She is highly intelligent but her work lacks organisation.
她聪慧绝顶，工作却缺乏条理。
[搭配]　an organised body of workers一个有组织的工人团体
well/badly/carefully organised组织良好的/很糟的/周密的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I leave most of the ________ (organise) of these conferences to my assistant.
②The workers were not better ________ (organise); otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
③Group activities will ________ (organise) after class to help children develop team spirit.
④The ________ (organise) had expected about 20，000 people to attend the concert.
完成句子
⑤We ____________________________ (筹办了一场音乐会) on the anniversary of our school.
3clarity n．清楚，清晰；清澈
(教材原句)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation，clarity and fluency，and also progression of ideas and audience engagement.
评判参赛者的标准应包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及思维的连贯性和观众的参与度。
have clarity with sth. 清楚……
have clarity on sth. 明确……
lose clarity 失去清晰度
with clarity 清晰地
for the sake of clarity 为了清晰起见
the clarity of the spring water 泉水的清澈
clarity of thinking 思路清晰
clarity of expression 表达清晰
He always puts his point of view with clarity and with courage.(with clarity清楚明了地)
他一贯勇于清晰地阐释自己的观点。
When writing instructions，clarity of statement is the most important thing.
编写操作说明时，表述清晰明白是最重要的事情。
The first thing to strike me was the amazing clarity of the water.首先吸引我的是水的无比清澈。
She expressed herself with great clarity.
她非常清晰地表达了自己的观点。
For the sake of clarity, she went back over the key points.
为了清晰起见，她又回顾了一遍要点。
[拓展]　
clarify vt.澄清；阐明
clarify rights and wrongs澄清是非
clarify the situation澄清情况
clarify the meaning阐明用意
[语境助记]　I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.我很乐意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。
Headings and sub-headings further clarify the structure of the article.标题和小标题使文章的结构更加清楚。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The teacher's explanation ________ (clarify) the puzzling problem.
②The picture was of such ________ (clarify) that it could have been a photograph.
③He had only visited the village once, but remembered it ________ surprising clarity.
完成句子
④He issued a statement to __________________________ (澄清情况)．
4engagement n．参与；约会，约定；订婚　engage v．参与；吸引；雇用预定，使从事，使订婚
have an engagement with 与……有约
keep the engagement 守约
carry out an engagement 履行预约
cancel an engagement 取消约定
break off one's engagement to sb. 解除与某人的婚约
announce one's engagement to sb. 宣布与某人订婚
an engagement ring 订婚戒指
an engagement letter 聘书
an engagement party 订婚宴会
encourage engagement in sth. 鼓励参与某事
promote engagement in sth. 推动参与某事
lack engagement in sth. 缺少参与某事
engage with sb./sth. 与某人交战/处理某事
engage sb. to sb. 把某人许给某人；让某人与某人订婚
engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事
engage in doing sth. 积极参与做某事
engage one's interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
I have an engagement with him this afternoon.
今天下午我和他有个约会。
The activity calls on the engagement of all the college students.
这项活动要求所有的大学生都参与进来。
The old man engaged his daughter to a soldier.
那老头儿把女儿许给了一位当兵人。
The woman engaged herself in washing clothes.
那女子忙于洗衣。
Father engaged a man to manage his farm.
父亲雇了一个人来管理农场。
We acknowledge the need to engage directly with these problems.
我们承认需要立即处理这些问题。
A computer engages his interest now.
电脑吸引了他的兴趣。
[拓展]　
engaged adj.忙于；已订婚
be engaged in (doing) sth.
忙于(做)某事；参加某活动等
be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
At present I'm engaged in the revision of my dictionary.
目前我正忙于修订我那本词典。
A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My daughter was engaged ________ a young teacher last year.
②He has a number of social ________ (engagement) next week.
③He intends to ________ (engage) in foreign trade after graduation.
④She engaged ________ people of different backgrounds.
⑤I can't see you on Monday because I have a previous ________ (engage)．
完成句子
⑥Professor Smith ________________ (忙于) his paper currently.
5sincerely adv.真诚地，由衷地　sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的
(教材原句)I sincerely hope you can come. If you have any questions, please do let me know.
我真诚地希望您能来。如果您有任何问题，请一定告诉我。
sincerely invite/hope/advise 真诚邀请/希望/建议
sincerely appreciate/apologise 衷心感谢/致歉
yours sincerely 谨上，敬上，谨启
sincere love 真诚的爱
be sincere in 在……方面是真诚的
sb's sincere gratitude 某人真诚的感谢
I sincerely hope that you will be successful next time.
我由衷地希望你下次成功。
We sincerely look forward to your cooperation.
我们真诚地期待与您的合作。
You are sincerely requested to be present at the party.
敬请您光临聚会。
He refused to be sincere about his feelings.
他不愿诚实面对自己的感情。
Have they been sincere in their efforts to resolve the crisis？他们是诚心诚意尽了全力来解决危机吗？
[拓展]　
sincerity n．真诚；诚挚
in all sincerity＝with all sincerity
非常真诚地；衷心地
don't doubt one's sincerity
不要怀疑某人的诚意
be convinced of sincerity相信真诚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.
②She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.
完成句子
④We appreciate your support, and ____________________________ (真诚地道歉) for the inconvenience.
6approval n．赞许；同意；批准　approve vt.批准　vi.同意，赞成
without approval 未经批准
official approval 正式批准
meet with approval 取得认可；得到批准
approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意(某人)做某事
I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too.
我们希望今天的提议也将会得到您的批准。
The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.
观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
Everybody approves of the plan for a new school building.大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。
The city council approved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
[拓展]　
disapprove v．不赞成→disapproval n．不赞成
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You'd better cut your hair short. Our school doesn't approve of students ________ (wear) long hair.
②It has been just three months since we received official ________ (approve) to go ahead with the project.
③Nobody can establish any satellite communication network ________ approval.
完成句子
④The plan will be submitted to the committee for ______________________ (正式批准)．
7defend v．保护，保卫；辩护，辩解；为……辩护　defence n．防御；辩护；防御物　defensive adj.防御性的；辩护的
(教材原句)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.
恃强凌弱者选择易攻击的目标——那些处于同龄人群体之外，而且群体不太可能保护他们的人。
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend sb./oneself/sth. from/against...
保护某人/自己/某物免受……；为某人/自己/某事辩护……
defence works 防御工事，防御工程
in defence of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
come to one's defence 来为某人辩护；来辩护某人
They tried to defend themselves against the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。
What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[语境助记]　The dyke was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The immune system is our main ________ (defend) against disease.
②All our officers are trained to defend ________ (they) against knife attacks.
③The town walls were built as a defence ________ enemy attacks.
④He realised none of his schoolmates would come ________ his defence.
⑤We should show respect for the soldiers who died ________ defence of our country.
8principle n．原则；行为准则；法则，原理
(教材原句)Your friends think you are a person with principles.你的朋友们认为你是一个有原则的人。
a matter of principle 原则问题
the working/basic/design principle 工作/基本/设计原理
in principle 原则上；大体上
without principle 毫无原则地
stick to one's principles 坚持某人的原则
be against one's principles 违背某人的原则
In principle，we usually don't allow any discount.
原则上，我们一般是不给任何折扣的。
It will be against my principles to lie to you.
对你说谎是违背我的原则的。
A bicycle and a motorcycle are built on the same principle.
自行车和摩托车是根据同样的原理制造的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I agree with it ________ principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
②These people lack all understanding of scientific ________ (principle)．
③Anyway, I can't cheat in the exams—it's ________ my principles.
完成句子
④________________________________ (恪守你的原则) and tell him you won't do it.
9contrast n．差异，差别；对比；明显不同的人(或事物)　v. 形成对比；显出明显的差异
(教材原句)In contrast to extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences.
与外向的人相比，他们看重较少但更深刻的体验。
by/in contrast 相比之下
by/in contrast to/with 与……形成对比；与……相比
There is an obvious contrast between...(and...)
……(和……) 之间有明显的差异。
It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it's very hot today.
昨天天气寒冷，而相比之下今天却很热。
In contrast with/to their system，ours seems very old-fashioned.与他们的系统相比，我们的系统就显得陈旧过时了。
There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.东西方文化之间有明显的差异。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
When you contrast their work records，you can find that Julie is clearly more qualified.
对比他们的工作记录，你会发现茱莉显然更有能力。
[拓展]　
contrast A and/with B　把A与B进行对比
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is interesting to contrast the British legal system ________ the American one.
②The gap between the richest and the poorest ________ (contrast) sharply.
③In contrast ________ your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed.
完成句子
④She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, ________________________ (相比之下), had done very well.
⑤This appears small ________________ (与……相比) that.
10motivation n．动力，积极性；动机　motivate v．激励，激发；成为……的动机　motivated adj.积极的；主动的　unmotivated adj.无动机的；无热情的
(教材原句)When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation.当感觉不好或有压力时，内向的人会从自己的内心寻找能量和动力。
learning motivation 学习动机
one's motivation 某人做某事的动机
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
be motivated by... 受……的激励/激发
Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to education.她写作的动机是渴望女性有权接受教育。
Motivation to learn must come from the child；it cannot be artificially imposed.
学习的动力必须源于孩子，是不可以人为强加的。
How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The plan is designed to motivate employees ________ (work) more efficiently.
②If you're feeling ________ (motivate), it may just be that the things on your to-do list bore you.
③The stronger the ________ (motivate) is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
④Everything she does ________ (motivate) only by a desire for money.
1．①inviting　②in　③for　④invitation　⑤a letter of invitation　⑥accepted an invitation
2．①organisation　②organised　③be organised　④organisers
⑤organised a concert
3．①clarifies/clarified　②clarity　③with　④clarify the situation
4．①to　②engagements　③be engaged　④with
⑤engagement　⑥is engaged in
5．①sincerely 　②in　③in　④sincerely apologise
6．①wearing　②approval　③without　④official approval
7．①defence　②themselves　③against　④to　⑤in
8．①in　②principles　③against　④Stick to your principles
9．①and/with　②contrasts　③with/to　④by/in contrast
⑤by/in contrast to/with
10．①to work　②unmotivated　③motivation　④is motivated