(共52张PPT)
第二讲 补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词 ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧1 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable．” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故“接受不舒服”符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed，redefine your role.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段落主题句。根据后文“Seeking and accepting...feel valued and respected”可知，本段主要讲述分享、利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
技巧3 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The__food__is__so__delicious__that__you__don't__need__much__of__it__to__make__you__happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且选项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。
[自主解答] ________
答案：E
[方法总结]
二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
技巧1 根据总分关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__38__. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.Plants__like__peace__lilies__and__devil's__ivy__are__among__the__best．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据解释关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one.__38__In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
【答题微点】
[解析] 从空后句子中的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧3 根据例证关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷] Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__38__．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake”。选项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
[方法总结]
技巧4 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but, however/whereas, nevertheless (然而，不过), though, yet, in spite of, at any rate (无论如何), in any case (无论如何，不管怎样), on the contrary, by contrast (相反，相比之下), by comparison (相比之下), otherwise, not ... but, as well等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]·What are indoor plants
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter. __37__．
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 本空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天，D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：grow inside 和warmer，同时instead表转折，可以承接前句。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
技巧5 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently, thus/therefore, so, so (such) ...that ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __36__ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空后的So可知， 设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
[自主解答] ________
答案：F
[方法总结]
技巧6 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also, further, furthermore, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, too, either, neither, not only ...but also ..., the more ...the more ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__36__，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
【答题微点】
[解析] 空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且空后的but与选项中的Not only在意思上构成递进关系。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
[方法总结]
技巧7 根据并列关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
【答题微点】
[解析] 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”
技巧1 段落过渡句
当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: __36__．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。
[自主解答] ________
答案：G
技巧2 补充信息、举例说明句
段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明或举例说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__to__growing__plants__indoors. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” ... There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__39__．
D.Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
【答题微点】
[解析] 空格位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。
[自主解答] ________
答案：E
技巧3 总结句
当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so, therefore, hence, thus, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all, to sum up, to conclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.”On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38__
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，选项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：F
练重点·练难点
[2023·衡水中学模拟] For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places. __1__.
Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent. __2__ , causing the person who's the object of a person's stare to feel overly studied and uncomfortable.
__3__ . The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim to attacks by pet dogs is their overly lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive.
Overly lasting eye contact is also a sign of a person's over awareness of the messages they are giving. In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it. __4__. But on the contrary, evasive (逃避的) eye contact is a sign of discomfort. Why do we avoid looking at a person It may be because we feel ashamed to be looking at them if we're being dishonest of trying to take them in. Evasive eye contact may also be a sign of dishonesty.
However, Scotland's University of Stirling found that, in a question and answer study among children, those who maintained eye contact were less likely to come up with the correct answer to a question than those who looked away to consider their response. __5__ , when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.
A．This is a widely recognized indicator of lying
B．Constant eye contact is often considered to be rude
C．Eye contact is the act of looking into someone's eyes
D．But there's something you may not know about eye contact
E．Overpowering eye contact can make the other person excited
F．Even between humans and non humans, lasting eye contact is sometimes unadvisable
G．Eye contact, as a socializing device, can take a surprising amount of effort to maintain
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
1．答案与解析：D 根据上文“For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的正是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
2．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.”可知，上文告诉我们，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。
3．答案与解析：F 根据下文可知，下文告诉我们儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文，下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文“In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it.”可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文“when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.”可知，文章结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持，我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。(共27张PPT)
第三讲 巧用4个微技巧，稳解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
实际上，“七选五”的题目选择不是个个都难，难就难在其中1～3道特别的题目上，这些题目或是因为蕴含的信息更为丰富，或是选项高度相似，或是逻辑关系相近，总让人感到很是纠结。那么，此时学生就要学会利用种种重复信息，达到抽丝剥茧的效果。
技巧1 核心词复现法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it's true. __40__ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 核心(反义)词复现法解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。空白处的“changing”提示人在不断变化，跟G选项中的“fixed”互为反义词，形成对比，意为“不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”，承上启下，符合题意。
[自主解答] ________
答案：G
【答题微点】
技巧依据
介绍段落主旨时， 常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
图解技巧 核心词复现法
技巧2 代词指代法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __39__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 代词指代法解题。本段主要讲可以请家人或朋友帮忙补充列表。根据空前的“friend or family member”可知，空后应该讲述他们的做法，C项中的“They”指代friend or family member。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
【答题微点】
技巧依据
英语文章中代词出现的频率很高，代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词(短语)或句子，可借助这一线索准确解题。
图解技巧 代词指代法
技巧3 逻辑关系法
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江1月卷]Plan ahead. Most long distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly. __36__ But no matter when you travel，it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
[解析] 空前的句子提供的信息是“大多数长途火车票，尤其是卧铺票，很快就会卖完”，D项“夏天旺季的时候尤其如此”符合语境。解题时，可以着重关注选项中的代词That和空后一句中的连词But，以帮助厘清段落中的逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
【答题微点】
技巧依据
一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如however, therefore, thus, accordingly, yet, besides, still等和and, but, so, not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ...等。
图解技巧 逻辑关系法
技巧4 相似结构线索法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” __37__ Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38. Whatever__it__is，no__matter__how__small__it__might__seem，write__it__down.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 相似结构线索法解题。下文提到“On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others”，可推断此处也应该是类似的祈使句并要求写下一些个人特质，故B项符合结构相似要求。此外，根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点”承上启下，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
【答题微点】
技巧依据
阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。
图解技巧 相似结构线索法
练重点·练难点
[2023·福州检测]It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy (激动) of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard. __1__ .
*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, “I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.” __2__ . Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
*Sort your information
__3__. It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.
* __4__
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burden. I recommend creating a Word or Google document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
* Reduce task switching
Multi tasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). __5__ . You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A．Respond positively
B．Use technology to help
C．That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D．Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E．For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F．Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”
G．This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者针对新工作带来的过多信息，给出了四点建议。
1．答案与解析：D 上文介绍了新工作所带来的压力和挑战——消化过多的信息；下文作者就如何处理大量信息提出四点建议；D选项“Here are some methods to deal with the information overload”承上启下，符合语境，选项中的“the information overload”指代上文的“lots of information”，“some methods”指下文所给出的具体的解决方法。
2．答案与解析：G 由小标题“Manage yourself (管理好你自己)”可知本段的建议是管理好自己；上文介绍了面对大量信息时，如何调整自己的心态和情绪；G选项“This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle”承接上文，说明自我对话所起到的作用，选项中的“This self talk”指代上文“Say to yourself, ‘I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.’”；下文阐述了管理好情绪的重要性；由此可知，G选项符合本段主旨和语境。故选G。
3．答案与解析：F 由下文可知句中“It”指代设空处所提到的某种存储信息的东西，结合本段最后一句“For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.”可知设空处提到是大脑，F选项符合语境，选项中的“takes in”与下文中的“keeps”和“store”表达的意义一致。故选F。
4．答案与解析：B 由下文可知作者在本段建议运用Word或Google文档来帮大脑减负；B选项“Use technology to help (利用技术来帮助)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。
5．答案与解析：E 上文阐述了同时处理多项任务的弊端；E选项针对上文所阐述的同时处理多任务的弊端提出了解决方法：专注于一项任务；下文“You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.”承接选项E，就专注于一项活动的时间进一步阐述，指出专注于一项工作时，时间不能太长，要注意休息。故选E。(共19张PPT)
第一讲 “读、析、寻、代”，快解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. __36__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. __37__
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 词数：254＋56 建议用时：10 minutes
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. __38__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. __40__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
●
第一步 读文章，知大意
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
第二步 看衔接，找关键
36．逻辑关系
[解析] 根据前后文可知，空处应是一个过渡句。从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以“不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
C
38．因果关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.”可知“走出你的舒适区”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
A
40．逻辑关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.”可知“你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
E
第三步 寻线索，找复线
37．近义词复现
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结。根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以“你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆”是对前文的总结。
[自主解答] ________
G
39．段落主旨句
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句。根据后文可知，本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品，所以“如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品”符合文意，是本段的中心句。
[自主解答] ________
第四步 通文章，核正误
D
◎掌握4步法解题流程——解题求稳◎
练重点·练难点
[2023·衡水中学高三下学期一调]
The Science of Risk Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. __1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. __2__ As the quality of risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200，000 years ago, too much risk taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay in the cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3__
No matter where you are on the risk seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. __4__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。
1．答案与解析：F 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样。故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，故选F。
2．答案与解析：C 根据前文Risk takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。
3．答案与解析：A 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。 故选A。
4．答案与解析：E 根据前文scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。(共36张PPT)
策略篇——循“四步”写作流程，满分续写不是梦
第一步 熟知续写流程，下笔胸有成竹
第二步 理清原文双线，明晰续写线索
第三步 确定续写框架，构思续写情节
第四步 升华词句表达，成就华美篇章
要想读后续写得高分， 除了要认真审题， 设计合理的情节， 还要注意语言表达， 如高人一筹的高频词汇， 运用灵活多变的句式，恰当地运用比喻、拟人和夸张修辞手法使语言变得鲜活、生动， 增强续写的表现力， 文章一定会锦上添花，吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
策略一 妙笔生花， 在“词”一举
在阅卷时，阅卷老师首要关注的是续写的语言，因此续写语言的高低与否直接决定着续写的成功与否。首先要规避常见错误，确保拿到及格分，再次要尽力提升写作的语言，努力达到最高档。
5大升级路径，词汇亮人一眼
?升级路径1：笼统词→具体词
①He just ducked his head and looked at his own shoes.
→He just ducked his head and stared at his own shoes.[2022·新课标Ⅰ卷]
②Hearing the news that I won the first prize in the writing contest, I was very happy.
→Hearing the news that I won the first prize in the writing contest, a flash of joy swept over me.[ 2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
?升级路径2：简单词→高级词
①Excited to look around, I didn't find my social studies teacher in the crowd.
→Excited to look around, I didn't spot my social studies teacher in the crowd.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
②She said that she had been trying to find someone reliable to walk Velma, and that she truly thanked my help．
→She said that she had been struggling to find someone reliable to walk Velma, and that she truly appreciated my assistance．
?升级路径3：单词→短语
①When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I thanked my teacher.
→When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks/appreciation to my teacher.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
②After a day's work, we were all tired．
→After a day's work, we were all worn out．
?升级路径4：运用有表现力的副词
恰当地使用富有表现力的副词，能够使文章更加丰富多姿，描写也更为准确，文章更有生机。使用这些副词时，要注意把握这些词汇的确切内涵，并且符合故事发展的内在逻辑。
①When I presented the award certificate to my teacher, his eyes glistening with tears, he reached out his hands and hugged me tightly. [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
②Gradually, Max's faith started to get shaken in the burning sun after about twenty minutes of walking. Mimi bent over and patted him gently on the shoulder.
③I was quietly, joyfully and patiently watching as the sun painted a brand new day.
?
升级路径5：运用有表现力的介词短语
介词with或in后加表示情绪、个性等的名词，经常可以与相应的副词互换，恰当地使用此结构可以增加表达的多样性。
①On hearing that, her eyes widened excitedly and her mouth opened widely.
→On hearing that, her eyes widened with excitement and her mouth opened widely.
②I watched as they ate the food eagerly, their eyes shining with gratitude.
→I watched as they ate the food with eagerness, their eyes shining with gratitude.
策略二 12个满分公式，续写高人一等
第一组无“灵”主语句，写“情”最细腻
【公式1】 (a burst/wave /sense/feeling of＋)表情绪的名词＋特定动词(短语)＋sb. 表“某人感到……”或“一阵/一种……向某人袭来”
A wave of＋ happiness/joy/delight开心 anger怒火 rage狂怒 sadness/sorrow悲伤 guilt内疚，悔恨 admiration钦佩，赞赏 horror恐惧 fear害怕 terror惊恐 fright惊吓 panic恐慌 astonishment惊讶 shock震惊 surprise惊奇 gratitude/appreciation感谢，感激 seize突然控制， surround围绕， take hold of控制， wash over涌上心头， come over影响， sweep over突然袭来 ＋sb.
[佳句]
①A sense of guilt seized him and he stood there, frozen.[2023·聊城市二模]
一种负罪感攫住了他，他站在那里，呆住了。
②A strong wave of fear sweeping over him, Ronny couldn't utter a single word.一阵强烈的恐惧传遍他的全身，Ronny 一句话也说不出来。
[仿写]
_______________________________the moment I heard the good news that I won the first prize in the writing contest.[2023·新课标读后续写]
当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的好消息时，我很开心。
A strong sense of delight took hold of me
【公式2】 主语(表示身体部位/“音、容、笑”的名词)＋有灵动词(短语)
[佳句]
At the sight of the frightening wolf, I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak．
看到那只可怕的狼，我吓得喉咙发紧，两腿发软。
[仿写]
After a day's hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach, ___________________________________________ her face.
经过一天的辛苦工作，海滩上仍然有许多塑料袋，她的脸上掠过失望的神情。
a look of disappointment spread across/flashed/crossed
第二组巧用状语，写“情”更具体
【公式3】 表“情感”的介词短语，主＋谓
提示：常用的表情绪的 “to one's＋情感名词或in/with＋情感名词”，如with delight/anger/terror “高兴地/生气地/惊恐地”等介词短语置于句首，能使情感细节描写更为具体。
[佳句]
At the sight of the pleasant surprise, Rachel jumped with joy and screamed with excitement．
看到这个惊喜，雷切尔高兴得跳了起来，兴奋得尖叫起来。
[仿写]
When he stepped onto the stage and began to speak, he felt totally at home, totally at peace.________________________________________.
当他走上舞台开始演讲时，他感到完全轻松自在，心情平静。令他震惊和惊奇的是，他竟然赢得了这场比赛。
To his shock and amazement, he should have won the match
【公式4】 主＋谓，with one's eyes full of＋(tears of＋) 情感名词
提示：该结构或with his eyes full of happiness “双眸满是喜悦”等作伴随状语，可使动作或对话描写更生动。
[佳句]
To the thunderous cheers and applause, David crossed the finish line with tears of pride and excitement spilling out of his eyes.
大卫在雷鸣般的欢呼声和掌声中，两眼含着骄傲和兴奋的泪水冲过终点线。
[仿写]
His mother listened attentively to the children，_______________________________________________________．
他妈妈认真地听着孩子们说话，双眸满是兴奋和感激。
with her eyes full of excitement and gratitude
第三组“某人想到”亮人一眼
【公式5】 It suddenly hit/struck/occurred to sb. that从句，其中that从句是真正的主语。
An idea ＋struck ＋sb. that...
It gradually dawned on me that...
All of a sudden, I came to realize/understand that...
[佳句]
It hit/struck/occurred to/dawned on them that they could make breakfast for Mother to celebrate Mother's Day.
他们突然想到他们可以给妈妈做早餐庆祝母亲节。
[仿写]
___________________________________but he could still hear the whole conversation.
我突然想到大卫是个盲人，但他仍然能听到整个谈话。
It struck/ hit/ occurred to me that David was blind
第四组用动作链，营造画面感
【公式6】 主语＋动作A，动作B and 动作C/主语＋动作A，动作B，动作C and动作D
提示：该公式中连词and连接三个或三个以上的动作，构成动作链，动词的时态是一致的。
[佳句]
He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy.”[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]
他看了我一眼， 露齿一笑说，“不难。”
[仿写]
I approached Dad, proudly ____________________________ it to him.
我走近爸爸，骄傲地拿出我自己的钱递给他。
took out of my own money and handed
【公式7】 连贯动作： Sb. did A , did B and did C
[佳句]
Seeing no people notice us, I placed the present down, pounded his doorbell and rushed into the car．看到没有人注意我们，我放下礼物，按了他的门铃，冲进了车里。
[仿写]
She woke up, _________________________the door.
她醒了，溜下床，蹑手蹑脚地走到门口。
slipped out of bed and tipped to
第五组适当修饰，精准化描写动作
【公式8】 形容词(短语), 主＋谓……/主＋谓……，形容词(短语)
提示：形容词(短语)在句中作状语，表人物做某个动作的原因、结果或状态，可放句首或句末，增强感染力，使描述更生动形象。
[佳句]
I looked around and found my parents, awake, smiling at me.
我环顾四周，发现我的父母已经醒了，正朝我微笑。
[仿写]
At the award presentation, I accepted the award certificate，_________________________.
在颁奖典礼上，我接受了获奖证书，极度紧张和兴奋。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]
extremely nervous and excited
【公式9】 主语＋具体动词＋副词/介词结构
提示：常用的高频副词有： cheerfully, curiously, eagerly, excitedly，firmly, joyfully，impatiently等。如在体现动作的迅速时，可添加以下修饰语：suddenly, immediately, without pausing, without delay等。
[佳句]
Helen spoke clearly, slowly and loudly. (3个副词连用)
海伦讲话的声音清晰、缓慢而且洪亮。
[仿写]
________________， he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn.
他礼貌而兴奋地请梅瑞狄斯太太教他如何做爆米花。
Politely and excitedly
【公式10】 with＋名词/代词(＋介词)＋主＋谓
提示：该结构常见的有：with one's help, with＋身体部位，如 with her pale lips “用苍白的嘴唇”，with a trembling/shaking hand “用颤抖的手”等。
[佳句]
With a flush of sadness, she couldn't hold back her tears welling up in her eyes.
带着一抹悲伤，她忍不住热泪盈眶。
[仿写]
_____________________________，he told me that he was proud of my wonderful performance. [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
他脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，告诉我他为我的精彩表现感到骄傲。
With a broad smile spreading on his face
第六组善用修辞，才更吸睛
【公式11】 比喻式
[佳句]
I simply stood there dumbfounded，and my feet, as if I were rooted on the ground，couldn't move a bit .[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]
我站在那里目瞪口呆，脚就像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。
[仿写]
Her face turned pale，____________________________. (比喻)
她脸色苍白，感觉如坐针毡。
feeling like sitting on pins and needles
【公式12】 拟人
[佳句]
Stars appeared in the sky, twinkling their eyes at them in happiness/delight/joy. (拟人)
天上繁星点点，高兴地向他们眨眼睛。
[仿写]
My hopes were all dead, and my future was empty. I lay on bed, while __________________________.
我的一切希望都破灭了，我的未来成了泡影。我躺在床上，黑暗慢慢将我笼罩了起来。
darkness swam around me
四步解题 示妙招 考场应对有技巧
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil，so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply：“Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this.”Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18，1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea，but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think，as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But，like Revere's horse，I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher，he read it，laughed out loud，and said，“Great. Now，write it again.”I wrote it again，and again and again. When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win，I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.______________________________________________________
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation._____________
第一步 熟知续写流程，下笔胸有成竹
第二步 理清原文双线，明晰续写线索
1．故事情节：当老师邀请作者参加作文比赛时，作者不假思索拒绝→在老师的肯定和鼓励下， 作者决定尝试→在写作过程中有过怀疑， 曾经想放弃→在不断的写作之后，已经看淡了输赢，更多的是享受写作的过程。
2．故事双线：明线→参加写作比赛；暗线→只要我们勇于创新，并付诸持之以恒的努力就可以克服困难并从中获得乐趣和成长。
第三步 确定续写框架，构思续写情节
第四步 润色，优化衔接成文
对罗列的要点进行重新筛选和整合后，适当拓展要点并运用衔接手段，以使文本紧凑流畅。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.The moment I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I felt a sense of happiness mixed with surprise flooded into my mind. When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears filled my eyes. I expressed my gratitude to my social teacher. At that moment, I couldn't help thinking of my teacher.
I went to the teacher's office after the award presentation. To my surprise, my teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he expressed his congratulations to me on winning the writing contest. “Thank you”， I replied, with a mixture of gratitude and excitement. I reflected on my initial doubt and hesitation. Without my teacher's recognition and guidance, writing was still difficult and painful for me. Fortunately, it was my teacher who taught me how to open the door to writing and taste the enjoyment of writing. It has taught me that a teacher takes a hand, opens a mind, and touches a heart.
1．与原文情境融洽度不高。比如第一段可能只写到同学的赞美或者老师对我的鼓励，与原文的文章脉络不吻合。
2．与所给句子的衔接度不高。部分学生不考虑给出的句子和两段落间的衔接，脱离所给的句子，另起开头句。
3．语言表达过程中，语法和词汇使用存在较多的错误，且很多基础性错误频繁出现。比如he, she分不清楚；第三人称单数谓语动词的失误；定语从句that/who/when/where分不清楚等等。
4．与原文内容缺少呼应。文本的续写是基于原文基础之上的，所以续写过程中应该有多个呼应点，增强文章续写内容的连贯性。
5．与原文情节走向脱节的结尾。续写内容的结尾需要与原文情节发展脉络一致，即便是有反转，也得合乎逻辑。
6．书写过于潦草， 影响阅读。(共109张PPT)
话题篇——聚焦8大热考话题， 成就25分佳作
热考话题一 成长篇
个人成长类话题的读后续写是热考话题之一， 2021年浙江6月卷借叙述个人薪水话题，强调个人成长和对劳动的认识。个人成长最终的升华为： 健康的生活方式， 积极的生活态度， 完善的自我等。
第一步：成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)
第二步：成长的动机＋过程中变化的心情(蜕变塑造)
第三步：成长后的收获(喜悦＋感激＋升华)
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
growth n. 成长
ambition n. 野心；雄心；抱负
behavior n. 行为；举止
quality n. 品质
manners n. 礼貌
gesture n. 姿势；手势
desire n. 欲望；要求
potential n. 潜力
unnoticed adj.被忽视的
punctual adj. 准时的；守时的
polite adj. 有礼貌的；有教养的
persistent adj. 坚持的，不屈不挠的；持续不断的
competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的
mature v. 成熟
arise v. 发生；出现
behave v. 表现；表现得体
declare v. 宣布；声明；声称
cooperate v. 合作；协作；配合
quit (quit, quit) v. 停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)
adjust v. 调整以适应
undertake v. 承担；从事；负责
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
fall behind 落后
worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
make up one's mind 下定决心
guard against 防范，防止，提防
not be bothered to do sth. 懒得做某事
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决
form the habit of... 养成……的习惯
follow suit 照做
be favored by... 受到……的青睐
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
遇到困难/消极情绪(发愁/无助/不公平/不情愿/失望等)
1．Bitter memories of the manager's harsh words came flooding back to her.
对经理严厉言语的痛苦回忆涌上她的心头。
2．Feeling lonely and helpless, I couldn't eat or sleep. I had been weeping and missing my family.我孤单无助，吃不下饭，睡不着觉。我一直在哭泣，想念我的家人。
3．Unwilling to hand in all my earnings, I was consumed by a mixture of sadness and disappointment.
我不愿交出我所有的收入，我既悲伤又失望。
成长的动机＋过程中变化的心情，消极→积极(矛盾冲突解决路线)
1．I realized I could even be whatever I wanted to be. This taught me that I could change myself.
我意识到我可以成为我想成为的任何人。这让我明白，我可以改变自己。
2．Inspired by him to conquer my fear, I walked confidently towards the classroom, determined to make a change.我被他鼓励，克服了恐惧，我信心满满地走向教室，决心做出改变。
3．I was fascinated by the whole process of accepting a challenge, sticking to my goal and then achieving my goal through my own efforts.接受挑战，坚持目标，然后通过自己的努力实现目标的整个过程让我着迷。
续写主旨升华
1．It was through the embarrassing experience that I learned not to escape from my duty and to keep a record of my money, valuing every cent.
正是通过这种尴尬的经历，我学会了不逃避职责，并记账， 珍惜每一分钱。
2．This proved a rewarding experience, where he not only harvested joy, but also appreciated the value of efforts.
事实证明， 这是一次有益的经历， 他不仅收获了快乐，还意识到了努力的价值。
3．What happened today made me realize that forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
今天发生的事情让我意识到宽恕是一种美德。
4．In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some sufferings if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
同样地，我们需要奋斗来成长和生存。如果我们真的想展翅飞翔，就必须经历磨难。
5．Not only did this experience improve my work enthusiasm, but it also offered me a chance to learn the meaning of hard work.
这段经历不仅提高了我的工作热情，也让我有机会了解到努力工作的意义。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·山东省临沂市高三一模]Palm trees seemed to speed by the car window. Eight year old Katrina began to get nervous, the way she always did in new surroundings. She felt a thin shine of sweat above her lip in spite of the car's cool air. “The aquarium won't be crowded, I bet, and people are gonna notice me. I hate wearing this prosthesis leg (假肢)．” She felt tears pinprick behind her eyes. “Not being normal is the worst.”
Entering the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, around a corner of a tank, she noticed an animal that looked unusual. “Is that a dolphin with stump (假肢) instead of a tail？” she asked an aquarium staff. He nodded. “Yes, that's Winter. She's a very special dolphin.” “What happened to her？”
“This girl dolphin was found off the coast of Florida, caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap cut off the blood circulation to her tail. So she lost her tail，” Katrina caught her breath. “She's just like me. She's just like me.” “But she struggled to survive. Now she wears a prosthetic tail part of the day to help her swim like a dolphin's supposed to swim.” the staff continued, “Every day, Winter shows us anything is possible if we believe.”
Katrina felt her heartstring was touched. She waved at Winter. Looking at Katrina, Winter raised her flipper (鳍), came to her and lifted her head. “She's swimming right into my arms，” Katrina said tearfully. They made eye contact. She seemed to be speaking to Katrina: We're the same.
Back home, all Katrina talked about was Winter. For two weeks, she cried and begged her mother to take her back to Clearwater.
Unfortunately, another blow hit Katrina. She fell on the hardwood floor at home and broke her other leg. Katrina was in constant leg nerve pain. After a thorough examination, the doctor explained bad news that she would need another surgery on her leg. Years of a living hell came back to her.
She started fearing surgery again and refused to take any.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Katrina's mom decided to take her back to Clearwater.___________
Finally came the day when Katrina was in the hospital again.____________________
Katrina's mom decided to take her back to Clearwater. On arriving at Clearwater, Katrina couldn't wait to see Winter, the lovely dolphin that comforted her and boosted her mood. As Katrina's mother pushed the wheelchair to Winter, she raised her flipper, came to her and lifted her head. Katrina couldn't hold back her excitement. Looking at the girl, Winter seemed to say “Go and take the surgery.” Katrina absolutely knew what that caring eyes were conveying, so she decided to keep a more optimistic state of mind.
Finally came the day when Katrina was in the hospital again. Though feeling nervous and afraid of the pain the surgery might bring, Katrina would face it bravely. The operation was a success. Her mother took her to Clearwater the day she was discharged from hospital. Inspired by Winter's swimming like a normal dolphin, Katrina practiced hard to walk. Her confidence has been improved as she gradually recovered. Katrina has no idea what the future holds but she will do anything to have a better look at this wonderful world.
【导语】 文章讲述了一只腿装了假肢的女孩Katrina因为害怕别人异样的目光而容易感到紧张和自卑。在海洋水族馆，Katrina发现了一只尾巴也是假肢的海豚，她仍然努力地像其他有尾巴的海豚一样游泳。 Winter每天努力向人们证明“只要相信，任何事都有可能”。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，此段描写Katrina的妈妈为了想要鼓励女儿，带她去海洋馆看看Winter。并且Katrina受到了鼓舞，决定接受手术。
②由第二段首句可知，此段描写Katrina勇敢地进了手术室。在手术成功后，Katrina在家人的鼓励和Winter的启发下，勇敢自信地面对生活，发现世界变得更加美好了。
2．续写线索：妈妈带女儿去水族馆——Winter的亲切和眼神交流鼓舞了Katrina ——Katrina决定去医院接受手术——出院后的Katrina开始积极面对生活——Katrina发现世界很美好
热考话题二 友情篇
友情类话题的读后续写是热考话题之一，是最贴近学生们生活的主题。因为熟悉，所以考生，在写作中能够展开合理预测，进行有效表达。
第一步：出现危机或困难(故事冲突)＋愤怒， 难过等情绪
第二步：友情弥补(解释、认错、弥补)＋开心/ 如释重负
第三步：友情升华(懂得珍惜)
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
impression n. 印象 conflict n. 冲突 partner n. 搭档，合作者 understanding n. 谅解；理解 campus n. 校园；校区 patience n. 容忍；耐心 well rounded adj. 全面发展的 curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 anxious adj. 焦虑不安的 challenging adj. 有挑战性的 confident adj. 自信的 outstanding adj. 杰出的 forgive vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕 easy going adj. 随和的 gentle adj. 温和的 modest adj. 谦虚的 promote vt. 促进；提升 organise vt. 组织，筹备；安排；组建
acquire vt. 获得，得到
debate vt. 辩论
praise vt. 赞扬
approach vt.& n． 接近；方法；途径
motivate vt. 激发，激励
concentrate vt. 集中(注意力)；聚精会神
trust v. 相信；信任
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
1.treat...as... 把……视作……
2．make the best of 充分利用
3．pair with... 和……搭配成组
4．make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
5．be loyal to... 对……忠诚
6.help (sb.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
7．share feelings and ideas with... 与……分享感受和想法
8．team up with... 与……合作
9．go in for 参加
10．put oneself in other's place 换位思考
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
困境、误会或矛盾心理和弥补办法
1．I could only apologize for my ignoring him and hope that I could make it up by helping him with his studies.
我只能为我无视他而道歉，并希望我能通过帮助他学习来弥补。
2．I was standing right next to her, but she just ignored me.
我就站在她身边，可是她不理睬我。
3．Seeing him lying helplessly in bed, I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart.
我看着他无助地躺在床上，我感到既同情又怜悯。
4．Suddenly Mary came up, casting me an angry and disappointed look.
突然玛丽走近，向我投来愤怒而失望的目光。
友谊带来的改变
1．She felt lonely and hopeless until I approached her warmly. From then on we two often learned together and shared happiness and sorrow.
在我热情地接近她之前，她感到孤独和绝望。从此我们两个经常一起学习，分享快乐和悲伤。
2．It was her company and encouragement that not only made me happy, but also boosted my confidence.
正是她的陪伴和鼓励不仅让我开心还增强了我的自信。
续写主旨升华
1．I nodded firmly, knowing kindness and friendship bloom in both of our hearts.
我坚定地点了点头，知道善良和友谊之花在我们的心中盛开。
2．If you take your friends for granted, you may not have friends for very long.
如果你把朋友视为理所当然，那你也许不会有长久的友情。
3．Now that we all live under one roof, we should learn how to get along well with each other.
既然我们住在同一屋檐下，我们应该学会如何彼此友好相处。
4．Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' shoes, which can help us have a better understanding of others.
不要彼此责备，我们应该多交流，从对方角度考虑，这将有助于我们更好地理解他人。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·武汉市高中毕业生二月调研]Amanda lived in a big modern city. Due to the high speed development of economy, families from different backgrounds came here to find a better life. Amanda's classmate and friend, Rama, was from one of those families.
One day after school, Amanda and Rama were chatting and Rama mentioned how much she missed her friends and hometown. “It is hard to leave，” Rama sighed, “but my family needed to be somewhere that is easier to make a living. Holding Rama's hands, Amanda encouraged her to share more and she knew Rama loved to sing and dance with her friends back in her hometown.
After learning about Rama's story, Amanda started to notice more students like Rama in her school. For the first time she realized that those students looked sad in their eyes. Sometimes because of their different accents, they couldn't communicate well with others, which made them always sit or stand silently at the back of the classroom.
“They are having a hard time, we should show them kindness and love！” she told her mother one day. Amanda asked her mother what she could do to help make them feel welcome. Amanda's mother suggested, “What about using art Maybe it will be easier to communicate through art.” Amanda thought for a while and nodded. Like her friend Rama, Amanda loved all forms of art, like painting, singing, dancing, and performing, through which she could tell different stories about her family, and her life.
The next day, Amanda went to the Activity Center in her school and proposed her plan of an art show. The officer thought it a great idea. Inspired and excited, Amanda set about her plan with several friends. At the Activity Center they filled a room with paper, paint and pencils. They even made a small stage! Everything ready, they invited all the new students in her school and Amanda encouraged them to share something special about their hometown in any art form. To Amanda's surprise, no one responded.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Amazingly, Rama stepped forward to break the ice.
__________________________________________________________
Everything seemed to change after that art show.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Amazingly, Rama stepped forward to break the ice. She introduced herself to all of us formally on the stage, including her name, her hometown, her interests and so on. Following is her beautiful and amazing dance. As she was dancing, another student called Mike, began to play the violin as her background music. Such a shy and silent boy is he that they never know he is good at playing the violin. Students off the stage clapped their hands loudly as the final note ended. And then, they began to come to the stage and share their stories one by one. The art show lasted for two hours that day and everyone enjoyed it so much.
Everything seemed to change after that art show. They began to communicate with others and make new friends. Besides, they took part in the class and school activities actively, which made them integrate into the new class and school better.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Amanda通过和朋友Rama聊天，了解到班上很多新同学都来自各个不同地方，他们无法很好地与同学沟通，只能孤独地坐在教室后面，Amanda想帮助他们，但又不得其法，最后通过艺术来帮助他们融入班级的故事。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“令人惊讶的是，拉玛站出来打破了僵局。”可知，第一段可描述Rama站出来打破僵局后发生的故事。
②由第二段首句内容“艺术展览之后一切都变了。”可知，第二段可描述艺术展览之后同学们发生的变化。
2．续写线索：打破僵局——分享故事——踊跃上台——发生变化——积极参与班级活动
热考话题三 助人篇
助人为乐是一种朴实的中国传统美德，也是读后续写的热考话题之一， 2020年新高考Ⅰ卷主题为卖爆米花帮助穷人的故事，传递了人间温情。每个人都有遇到困难的时候，最需要的是别人给予的帮助。如果人人都献出一点爱，将不再会看到别人得不到帮助时焦急的脸庞，我也会在别人困难时伸出援助之手。
第一步：困难描写(消极情绪＋困难处境)
第二步：呈现助人过程(想到办法＋动作链)
第三步：皆大欢喜结局(感激＋感动＋升华)
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
帮助描写
1．I tearfully shared what I had seen with them and asked them to do something to give them a helping hand．我含泪把我所看到的告诉了他们，并请求他们做一些事情来帮助他们。
2．My mind was racing, trying to think of a solution to assist her.
我的大脑急速运转，试图想出一个解决办法帮助她。
3．As I said good bye to him, I reached into my pocket and offered him a $20 bill for his help.
当我说道别时，我把手伸进口袋，递给他一张20美元的钞票感谢他的帮助。
感激和感动描写
4．In a flash, with tears welling up in my eyes, I was touched beyond words.
刹那间，我泪流满面，感动得说不出话来。
5．Surprised and moved, she bowed low to us and murmured “Thank you！” weeping tears of gratitude.
她又惊喜又感动，向我们深深鞠躬低声道谢，流下了感激的泪水。
续写主旨升华
1．Sometimes, a small act of kindness can be powerful enough to make a huge difference．
有时小小的善行会有很大影响。
2．Just as the saying goes, “Roses given, fragrance in hand.”
正如谚语所说，“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。
3．As a matter of fact, a small gesture of care will possibly melt people's loneliness．
事实上一个表达关爱的小举动也会融化人们内心的孤单。
4．This kind act has a lasting influence on me. I always give others a helping hand if possible.
这种善意的行为对我产生了持久的影响。我总是尽可能地帮助别人。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·河北省部分高中联考]As an undergraduate in a university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Catherine had volunteered at the Hope Rescue Mission in her hometown with her mother who served as the shelter's development director. After working with the homeless and receiving cards from her mom in the mail, Catherine decided to begin her project. “You've Got Mail”. She had a huge heart for those in need.
For the people that she was helping, she saw the homelessness first hand and it was a battle. She thought no one wanted to choose to be homeless, and she always donated the basic needs，including the toiletries, the shampoos and toothbrushes.
In her mind, individuals facing homelessness certainly suffered physically, but for many, the emotional suffering was even more painful. Feeling alone and hopeless cut deeper than feeling hungry and cold. Therefore, she held it that, a kind gesture, such as her project about encouragement cards, could be that light in someone's day to keep them striving and hoping for a better tomorrow.
One day, she shared her idea with her mother, “I was thinking of a box filled with holiday cards. I want to do something to make the homeless with empty hearts smile, letting them know many people still care about them.” Her mother, smiled and said, “Just do it and spread your love！”
Then Catherine launched a holiday card drive for the homeless after being inspired by volunteering at the shelter. She collected 2，000 cards, surpassing her original goal of 500 in just a few weeks.
Catherine's compassion for others didn't stop at just feeling sympathy for them in their hardships. She also followed her mother's advice to look for ways to help them beat those hardships through her kindness.
So Catherine asked her online friends for holiday themed cards, and soon, her inbox was flooded with people offering to help. Amazingly, the people she knew, the people she hadn't spoken to since primary school, and the people she had never spoken to before, sent the cards to her. Then she asked for cards from anyone. She was not turning down any. She thought it was really great to accept them.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；
In honor of the “You've Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party.______________________________________
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone's life.________________________________________________________
In honor of the“You've Got Mail” initiative, Catherine and her mother hosted a cardmaking party. In the party, she met a group of her good friends who offered her a large number of cards. She also ran into a company's manager, who donated many bags and accessories to her. Besides, among the participants were some famous media that sang high praise for Catherine's kind deeds, calling on the world to follow suit. They made the cards together. Catherine said to her followers with sincerity, “I'll continue to distribute the cards and bags to the homeless on the street and at local shelters.”
Catherine hoped her project would remind others to make a difference in someone's life. She appealed to the world to care for the poor, and meanwhile urged the poor to speak up for themselves. Up till now, she has conducted interviews with some of them and put together a video to be on air in society. She listened to their stories, learning about their health conditions, their families and their dreams. In her humble opinion, simply because you only pass them on the street, you know nothing about them. So the biggest thing is just to listen because everybody has a story, from which you can find out how to help.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开。主人公凯瑟琳在大学时做志愿者帮助了很多无家可归的人，所以在她毕业后，她开展了自己的“你有一封邮件”的项目，给无家可归的人寄送鼓励贺卡。在项目进行的过程中，也有无数人不断向凯瑟琳寄卡片。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，第一段可描写凯瑟琳在派对上和参与派对的人之间的互动。
②由第二段首句可知，第二段可描写凯瑟琳为无家可归的人进行发声，呼吁大家关心穷人、帮助穷人。
2．续写线索：凯瑟琳做大学志愿者——决定开展鼓励卡项目——凯瑟琳收集鼓励卡——开展制作贺卡派对——呼吁社会关心穷人
热考话题四 趣事篇
生活趣事类话题的读后续写是热考话题之一， 2021年浙江1月卷叙述万圣节南瓜卡头的趣事，2017年浙江卷读后续写叙述和健忘可爱的妈妈去旅行过程中发生的趣事。
第一步：矛盾塑造(尴尬＋紧张)
第二步：进退两难的困境和纠结情绪
第三步：快乐结局塑造(感激＋开心＋升华)
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
guilt n. 犯罪；罪行
row n. 一列；一排
sweat n. 汗水
pain n. 痛苦
aspect n. 方面；方向
enthusiasm n. 热情
qualification n. 资格
acceptable adj. 可接受的；受欢迎的
noticeable adj. 显著的；值得注意的
beneficial adj. 有益的
aching adj. 疼痛的
confused adj. 迷惑不解的
energetic adj. 精力充沛的
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
assess v. 评定
entertaining adj. 有趣的；娱乐的
take v. 拿，取
earn v. 赚，挣
allocate v. 分配；拨出；指定
overcome v. 克服
express v. 表达
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
do a good deed 做好事 offer the best service 提供最佳服务 build up one's confidence 树立信心 contribute to 对……做贡献；有助于 figure out 弄清楚；搞明白 balance your study and life 平衡你的学习和生活 get actively involved in sth. 积极参与某事
put up with 忍受
adapt/adjust/get used to... 适应……
take a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
take it for granted 认为……理所应当
the key to success 成功的关键
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
进退两难的困境和纠结的情绪
1．A wave of guilt and regret swept away her joy. Feeling she didn't deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life.
一阵愧疚和后悔将她的快乐一扫而光。由于觉得自己不配获奖，她有生以来第一次失眠了。
2．Though feeling nervous and afraid of the pain the surgery might bring, Katrina would face it bravely. 尽管感到紧张并且害怕手术可能带来的痛苦，卡特里娜还是勇敢地面对它。
3．Before she got sick, she didn't think a lot about her bird. Now Dora realized she shouldn't selfishly take away its freedom for her own enjoyment.
在她生病之前，她没怎么想过她的鸟。现在朵拉意识到她不应该为了自己的快乐而自私地剥夺它的自由。
做出正确选择的动作、结果和情感描写
1．Tina, blushing with embarrassment, started to stammer out the truth.
蒂娜尴尬得满脸通红，开始结结巴巴地说出真相。
2．Had he had a little more patience, he would have succeeded earlier.
如果他再耐心一点，他早就成功了。
3．Handing back the handphone to her and seeing her smile happily, Keith realized that honesty was indeed the best policy.
基思将手机还给她，看到她开心的笑容，他意识到诚实确实是上策。
续写主旨升华
1．Dad's calm smile reflected his motto “All's well with us, never fear.”[2021·浙江1月卷]
爸爸平静的微笑反映了他的座右铭“一切都好，永远不要害怕”。
2．It was the first time that I had truly realized the meaning of patience．
这是我第一次真正意识到耐心的意义。
3．We usually take life for granted, but the story shows us that there is always beauty in our heart．
我们通常认为生活是理所当然的，但这个故事告诉我们，在我们的心中永远有美丽。
4．The words brought warmth to my heart and tears to my eyes. I felt lucky to be a part of this mischievous yet loving family.[2021·浙江1月卷]
这些话让我心中满是温暖，也让我热泪盈眶。我很幸运能成为这个淘气而又充满爱的家庭的一员。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·山东省菏泽市高三一模]The gym teacher blew the whistle (哨子) and four students dived into the swimming pool, racing to the other side. Then the next four were up, but only three stood on the diving board. “Where is Ren？” the gym teacher asked in concern.
Ren's face turned red, and he was unsteady. He looked at the pool and stepped back. “You cannot make me do this！” he said.
Sadie patted him on the back gently. “You can do it! I will help you if you need it.” Ren stared into Sadie's eyes and he calmed down.
“You can do it. You need to pass this class.” The gym teacher said. Ren stepped on the diving board，putting his goggles (护目镜)over his eyes, and the blue cap hid his red hair. The whistle blew and Ren stood there as the other three swam away. Then one boy ran and pushed Ren into the water.
Sadie glared at the boy. “Why would you do that？” A minute passed by and Ren still wasn't coming up. Sadie jumped in and pulled him out of the water. She gave him CPR (心肺复苏)，and it took a while until water came out of his lungs. Then finally he spat out the water and sat up, feeling dizzy.
Ren looked over at Sadie，who breathed a sigh of relief. “Oh, thank goodness! Why didn't you use your arms or legs？”Ren stared away from Sadie, looking at the bottom of the blue pool, then looking up at the gym teacher who rolled his eyes.“I can't swim. My parents never taught me as a kid. We are afraid of water.”
Sadie put her hand on his shoulder. “Don't worry. I will teach you how to swim. The water is my favourite place to be.” Ren thought for a while, and nodded gently.
注意：1.续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Ren and Sadie finished gym class and walked home together.________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
The gym teacher blew the whistle and this time Ren dived bravely.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Ren and Sadie finished gym class and walked home together. Sadie said to Ren gently and sincerely, “as your friend, I hope you can tell me why you are afraid of water.” Hesitating for a second, he shared an experience that he was once narrowly drowned in the river. “Let's face and overcome it together.” Sadie said firmly. From then on, Sadie tried all means to help Ren. Gradually Ren overcame his fear and he swam freely in the pool. Sadie even encouraged him to take part in the coming swimming race. When that day came, Ren stepped on the diving board and he kept calm and attentive.
The gym teacher blew the whistle and this time Ren dived bravely. He swam to the other side with incredible speed and technique. The gym teacher walked to the other side of the gym and knelt down. “Incredible, Ren！” The gym teacher helped him out of the water, shaking his hand excitedly and cheerfully. “Congratulations, you pass！” Ren held his fist tight and waved to Sadie gratefully with tears in eyes. Sometimes, it is the encouragement and support from your loved ones that help you step out of your comfort zone and overcome yourself, to develop the potential to the fullest.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了体育课的游泳考试中，不会游泳的Ren被其他同学推进水中，Sadie把Ren救上来并准备教他游泳的故事。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，第一段可以描写回家途中Ren告知Sadie害怕水的原因，以及Sadie教Ren游泳的过程。
②由第二段首句可知，第二段可以描写Ren经过努力练习后通过了考试，老师和Sadie的表现以及通过这件事情所得到的感悟。
2．续写线索：告知原因——练习游泳——通过考试——感悟、感谢
热考话题五 冒险篇
历险脱困类也是高考读后续写曾涉及的主题，如2020年浙江高考的拍摄北极熊遇险；2018年的父子骑马迷路； 2017 年的骑车游玩遇狼脱险。这种难忘的经历会使人们敬畏自然、敬畏生命，认识到人与自然和谐共生的关系。
第一步： 脱困之前环境的恶劣＋不安、绝望或恐惧等负面情绪
第二步：脱困过程：转机描写——描写听见或看见了什么＋情绪描写(希望＋努力)
第三步：脱困之后＋情绪描写(感恩＋高兴)＋主旨升华
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
accommodation n． 住宿，膳宿 brochure n. 手册 crowd n. 人群 customs n. 海关 emergency n. 突发事件，紧 急情况 landmark n. 地标性建筑 landscape n. 风景；风景画 scenery n. 风景；景色； 风光 available adj. 可以得到的； 有空的 breathtaking adj. 引人入胜的 distant adj. 远的；遥远的 fantastic adj. 极好的；旖旎的 unique adj. 唯一的；独特的； 特有的 accustomed adj. 习惯的 worthwhile adj. 重要的；值得做的 urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 arrange vt. 安排，布置
panic (panicked，
panicked) vt. 使恐慌
explore vt. 探索；勘探
relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
trap vt. 困住
tolerate vt. 忍受；容忍
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
be rich in 富含；盛产 turn out 最后是；结果是 clear up 清理；清除；天气转晴 tourist attractions/scenic spots 旅游景点/风景区 admire/enjoy the mountain/natural scenery 欣赏山景/自然风光 broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界
check in/out 登记入住/结账离开
rolling hills 连绵起伏的群山
form a unique view 形成独特的景色
wander in traditional small towns
在传统小镇漫步
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
历险相关的环境和情感描写
1．It was completely dark except the faint light given out by a few stars in the sky. We had no idea where we were.除了几颗星星发出微弱的光外，天完全黑了。我们不知道我们在哪里。
2．When we reached deep into the forest, suddenly the smog spread everywhere and we were not able to see each other clearly and lost our way.
当我们到达森林深处时，突然烟雾弥漫，我们看不清彼此，迷了路。
3．When buried under snow, Scott drifted between terror and panic, hoping that his friend Paul was not buried so deep. He held on to that faint possibility like a rope which could pull him to safety.
当斯科特被埋在雪下时，他惊恐万分，希望他的朋友保罗没有被埋得那么深。他紧紧抓住这个渺小的可能性，就像抓住一根能把他拉到安全地带的绳子。
脱险相关的动作和情感描写
1．Frightened and tired as I was, I congratulated myself on returning safe and sound.尽管我又害怕又累，我还是庆幸自己安然无恙地回来了。
2．He shook off the snow, moved snow away with bare hands, and managed to pull himself out.
他抖掉雪，徒手把雪弄开，然后设法爬了出来。
3．He painstakingly took only tiny breaths, fighting to stay positive by focusing on this breathing.
他费力地做着微小的呼吸，努力专注于这种呼吸，以保持乐观的心态。
4．Time ticked away slowly. Just as he was feeling himself fading away, the rescue team arrived.
时间慢慢流逝。就在他感觉要死了的时候，救援队赶到了。
续写主旨升华
1．Our being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life．我们的迷路给我的冒险假期增添了一份特别的滋味，我将终生难忘。
2．Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before. The special trip to the Wild West was deeply impressed in my mind．
我以前从未度过如此惊险而又危险的假期。这次西部大荒之旅给我留下了深刻的印象。
3．Feeling fortunate, I made up my mind to cherish life and not to try such adventure again.
我庆幸之余决定珍惜生命，不再冒这样的险。
4．It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we mustn't give up our hope.
正是这种独特的经历使我理解了我们所面临的任何困难，我们不能放弃我们的希望。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·济南市高三模拟]The incident took place at Cheektowaga, a town in Erie County, New York, in the middle of a historic and dangerous snowstorm. I had gone out to visit my friend living in another county, but unfortunately I got stuck and was unable to drive further.
I fully realized how dangerous this would be as there was not enough gas left in the truck for me to get through the deadly snowstorm. The situation got even worse in such a place without any houses in sight.
I stayed in my truck, calling for help anxiously but the weak signal didn't help me get connected. There was nothing I could do but wait. At midnight, there came a knock outside the truck. I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the storm with just a thin coat, clearly not enough to survive the snowstorm. I invited her to get inside my truck at once. She told me in a weak voice that her name was Mary and her car broke down. She had walked a long way before finding my truck.
Misfortune never came alone. Soon, we realized the air conditioner burned all the fuel in my truck and it was getting colder and colder inside the truck. Mary closed her eyes without saying a word, shaking in the corner. Considering Mary's condition, I decided to take action right now. Luckily, the GPS of my truck still worked. And with the help of GPS, I noticed that a school was nearby. I decided to take shelter in the school. Since Mary was too weak to move, I carried her on my back, heading to the school. After ten minutes' struggle in the snow, we finally arrived, but found the school gate locked.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I hesitated about what I should do.______________________________
__________________________________________________________
The next morning, a policeman drove by and found the gate broken.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I hesitated about what I should do. Mary was still shivering and seemed to be in a worse condition. I had no choice but to find a way to break into the school. Fortunately, with the help of a snow shovel lying next to the gate, I managed to make it. I found the nearest classroom and laid Mary on one of the benches. I also found a pile of unused blankets and used them to wrap Mary up. I felt satisfied that I had done everything that I could to help her.
The next morning, a policeman drove by and found the gate broken. He came in to investigate. When he entered the classroom, he found Mary and me still asleep, wrapped in blankets. He woke us up and asked if we needed any help. I gratefully accepted his offer to drive us to the nearest gas station. I filled up my truck and made sure it had enough fuel to get me to my destination safely. As I waved goodbye to the policeman, I couldn't help but think about how lucky I was to have Mary's unexpected appearance that night. Without her, I might not have been able to survive the dangerous snowstorm.
【导语】 讲述了作者在开车看朋友途中遭遇严重的暴风雪，意外出现的玛丽让作者一心救人，最终两人都脱险，也帮助作者完成了自救。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，第一段可描写作者如何开展具体行动拯救情况危急的玛丽。
②由第二段首句可知，第二段可描写警察发现作者和玛丽并帮助她们。
2．续写线索：打开门——取暖——警察询问——帮助——感悟
热考话题六 亲情篇
亲情类话题的读后续写是热考话题之一， 2021年新高考Ⅰ卷主题为给妈妈做母亲节早餐，体现了家庭成员之间的爱。家庭里最常见的情节往往是经历了一系列的事件后，家人共同克服了困难或者消除了彼此间的隔阂，最终实现了个人的成长或者促进了关系的和谐。
第一步：冲突构造(误会、犯错等)＋尴尬焦虑或担忧的情绪。只有冲突才能体会亲情的弥足珍贵，冲突原因大致有：疏于陪伴、理念不合(代沟)、误会等。
第二步：冲突化解(解释、道歉、弥补、回忆等)＋如释重负
第三步：感激和开心＋升华(亲情感悟)
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
personality n. 性格；个性 virtue n. 美德 generation n. 一代(人) routine n. 惯例，习惯 gap n. 差距，差别 bond n. 纽带，关系 community n. 社区 concern n. 关心 household adj. 家庭的 regular adj. 定期的；经常的 independent adj. 独立的 beneficial adj. 有利的，有益的 suitable adj. 合适的；适用的 responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的 committed adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的 support v. 支持
recall v. 回想，回忆起
inform v. 告诉；通知
remind v. 提醒；使记起
apologize v. 道歉
complain v. 抱怨；投诉；
发牢骚
annoy v. 骚扰；惹恼；打搅
admire v. 钦佩；赞美；欣赏
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
by chance 碰巧；凑巧 prefer...to... 喜欢……而不喜欢…… be addicted to... 对……很入迷 lead/live a(n)．..life 过着……的生活 dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
devote oneself to 致力于，献身于
work out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
be keen on... 对……着迷，对……有强烈兴趣
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
暖心家庭类的有关冲突、寻找解决办法、解决冲突的场面描写
1．“Why are you so hard on me？” I shouted at mom, slamming the door. I threw myself onto my bed and sobbed.
“你为什么对我这么苛刻？”我冲着妈妈大喊，砰的一声关上了门。我扑倒在床上，抽泣起来。
2．The fault had been mainly on Richards side but he was too stubborn to admit it.
主要是理查德错了，但他太固执了而没有承认。
3．That day, I walked home with my father. The setting sun shone on us, casting our shadows on the road. We talked a lot that day, and it seemed that the journey from home to school had also been shortened.
那天，我和父亲一起步行回家。夕阳照在我们身上，把我们的影子投在路上。那天我们聊了很多，从家到学校的路似乎也变短了。
暖心家庭类相关的动作、神态和情感描写
1．Sam sobbed and sprang out of his bed to give me a hug.
山姆抽泣着从床上跳起来拥抱我。
2．Jim discovered there was no disappointment in his father's eyes but only pride and love.
吉姆发现父亲的眼里没有失望，只有骄傲和爱。
3．When their mother saw the delicious breakfast, a spark of surprise flashed across her face.
当他们的母亲看到美味的早餐时，她的脸上闪过一丝惊喜。
续写主旨升华
1．It was Henry's kindness that made me feel the warmth of our family. I will treasure it with all my heart.
正是亨利的善良让我感受到了我们家庭的温暖。我会用心珍惜它的。
2．Every time I faced challenges, a thought of giving up flashed in my mind, but the support of my family gave me the strength to keep going．
每次面对挑战，我都想放弃，但是家人的支持给了我继续前进的力量。
3．The warm golden sunlight, flooding in through the window, together with love between my family, warmed us.
透过窗户的温暖的金色阳光，和我们家人之间的爱，温暖了我们。
4．I got to know my dad better and learned to love him more making tough things more manageable and life sweeter.
我更好地了解我的父亲并且更爱他，这让事情变得更容易处理，生活更甜蜜。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·山东省枣庄市高三二模]One day, Reuben, a 12 year old boy, saw something in a shop window that set his heart racing. The price—five dollars—was beyond his means, but he went in the shop anyway.
Poorly dressed, he went up and told the shopkeeper what he wanted, adding, “I don't have the money right now. Will you please hold it for me for some time？”
“I'll try，” the shopkeeper smiled. “Folks around here don't usually have money to spend on such things. It should keep for a while.”
Reuben decided to raise the five dollars by himself. Walking along a side street, he had an idea. People built their own houses in his town, using nails purchased in Hessian sacks (粗麻袋)from a local factory. The sacks were sometimes thrown away. Reuben knew he could sell them back to the factory for five cents a piece.
Every day after school, Reuben went around the town, collecting nail sacks. The school closed for the summer, and he was still wandering in the town, searching for his treasures. Often he was tired and hungry, but the thought of the object in the shop window kept him going. Sometimes his mother Dora would ask: “Reuben, where are you We are waiting for you to have dinner.”
“Playing, Mum. Sorry.”
Dora would look at him in his face and shake her head. Boys!
One day in spring, he counted his coins and found he needed twenty cents more. He had to find four sacks and sell them before the day ended. Late in the afternoon, just before the buyer was about to close up, Reuben arrived and sold the four sacks. With the coins in his hand, he murmured a thank you and ran away.
注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Clutching the five dollars, he headed for the shop.________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________Dora
opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared.________________________________________________________________________
Clutching the five dollars, he headed for the shop. “I've got the money！” Reuben declared to the shop owner. The man put the necklace into a delicate box, wrapped it in brown paper, and then placed the box in Reuben's hands. Holding the box, Reuben's eyes glittered with joy. After exchanging goodbyes with the shop owner, Reuben rushed home to surprise his mother. “Mom! It's for you！” Reuben exclaimed as he ran to her side. He placed the box in her hand.
Dora opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared. She couldn't believe her eyes. She took the pearl necklace out and cautiously put it on, tears of happiness beginning to blur her vision. Dora had never received such a precious gift. It was the best Mothers' Day gift she had ever received. Yes, she was indeed not rich, but she was indeed happy. With tears rolling down her weather beaten face, she smiled and scooped her son into her arms.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小男孩鲁本看到商店橱窗里的一条珍珠项链，想买下来作为礼物送给妈妈。由于家里条件艰苦，小男孩决定自己筹钱来买礼物。他利用课余时间和暑假去街上捡拾废弃的麻袋，终于在母亲节那天凑齐了买项链的钱。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，第一段可描写鲁本买到项链，赶回家给妈妈惊喜，把盒子放在妈妈手里。
②由第二段首句可知，第二段可描写妈妈戴上项链，感觉非常幸福。
2．续写线索：赶到商店——购买项链——赶回家给妈妈惊喜——妈妈拿到项链——妈妈感觉幸福——妈妈拥抱鲁本
热考话题七 比赛篇
比赛(如2023年新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)、个人演讲或表演类比赛常包括： ①如何面对失败，自我反思，实现个人成长； ②表现尊重对手，收获友谊的体育或团队精神； ③在同伴或家人的鼓励下克服恐惧，取得比赛或演讲的成功。
第一步：比赛场景或失利的场景描写＋紧张、兴奋或尴尬情绪
第二步：获得胜利的场面描写＋观众的反应
第三步：自豪或失落的情感＋个人收获或主旨升华
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
contest n. 比赛；竞赛；竞争 applause n. 喝彩；掌声 performance n. 表现 champion n. 冠军；优胜者 competition n. 比赛；竞赛 competitor n. 竞赛者；比赛者 final n. 决赛 determination n. 决心 event n. 比赛项目 marathon n. 马拉松 race walking 竞走 running race 赛跑 long distance running 长跑 permanent adj. 永久的；永恒的； 长久的 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 rewarding adj. 值得做的，有意义的 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 competitive adj. 竞争的；好胜的 amateur adj. 业余的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 touched adj. 感动的 accomplish vt. 完成
boom vi. 迅速
发展；
繁荣
defeat vt. 击败；
战胜
deserve v. 应受；
应得
score vt. 得分；
记分；
进球
host vt. 举办
witness vt. 目睹，
见证
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛 burst into cheers 大声欢呼 build up one's body 强身健体 compete for the honor 为荣誉竞争 hold/set/break the record 保持/创造/打破纪录 go through to the final 进入决赛
make a workout schedule 制订锻炼计划
make it to the finishing line 成功到达终点
take the lead 领先
gathered up one's courage 鼓起勇气
Ⅲ. 基于主题场景的续写
表演、演讲和比赛相关的情感和场景描写
1．So embarrassed was he that he was eager to disappear from the spot.他尴尬得想当场消失。
2．I could feel all the eyes were fixed on me. A strong sense of nervousness flooded/swept over me.
我能感觉到所有的眼睛都盯着我。我紧张极了。
3．The eyes of the whole audience fell upon him. Standing on the track, he felt his throat tight and his palms sweating.
所有观众都看着他。他站在跑道上，喉咙发紧，手心冒汗。
4．He took a deep breath, gathered up his courage, and walked to the track.
他深吸一口气，鼓起勇气，向跑道走去。
5．Then the next few minutes witnessed a fierce competition between the two sides.
接下来的几分钟是双方之间激烈的比赛。
观众反应描写
1．The end of our performance was met with a moment of surprising silence, and then the audience burst into thunderous applause.
我们的表演结束时，观众有片刻惊人的沉默，然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
2．The performance/speech ended up with a storm of applause from the crowd.
演出/演讲在人群雷鸣般的掌声中结束。
3．When I finished, there was thunderous applause and I picked up my little Danni to thank the audience and waved off the stage.[2023·杭州市高三二模]
当我结束时，台下响起雷鸣般的掌声，我抱起我的小丹尼感谢观众，挥手离开舞台。
续写主旨升华
1．The medal shone brightly under the sunshine/ lights, reflecting the excited tears in my eyes and the sweat on my face.
奖牌在阳光/灯光下熠熠生辉，折射出我眼中激动的泪水和脸上的汗水。
2．With all these cheers and applause, the best prize that I gained was my confidence.
有了所有这些欢呼和掌声，我获得的最好的奖品就是我的信心。
3．It was his perseverance and determination not to give up that helped him win the game.
正是他的毅力和不放弃的决心帮助他赢得了比赛。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·河北省高三年级适应性考试]“Girls ages 13 to 14 please proceed to staging with your coaches at this time.” Looking around the room, eyes wide and pleading, I frantically (慌乱地) explained my situation to nearby coaches. The seconds ticked away in my head; every polite refusal increased my desperation.
Despair weighed me down. I sank to my knees as a stream of competitors, coaches, and officials flowed around me. My dojang (跆拳道馆) had no coach, and the tournament rules prohibited me from competing without one.
Although I wanted to remain strong, doubts began to cloud my mind. I could not help wondering: what was the point of perfecting my skills if I would never even compete The other members of my team, who had found coaches minutes earlier, attempted to comfort me, but I barely heard their words. They couldn't understand my despair at being left on the outside, and I never wanted them to understand.
Since my first lesson 12 years ago, the members of my dojang have become family. I have watched them grow up, finding my own happiness in theirs. Together, we have practised our kicks, blocks, and strikes. We have pushed one another to aim higher and become better martial artists. Although my dojang had searched for a reliable coach for years, we had not found one. When we attended competitions in the past, my teammates and I had always gotten lucky and found a sympathetic coach. Now, I knew this practice was unsustainable. It would devastate (使极为忧伤) me to see the other members of my dojang in my situation, unable to compete and losing hope as a result. My dojang needed a coach, and I decided it was up to me to find one.
I first approached the adults in the dojang—both instructors and members' parents. However, these attempts only reacquainted me with polite refusals. Everyone I asked told me they couldn't devote multiple weekends per year to competitions. I soon realized that I would have become the coach myself.
At first, the inner workings of tournaments were a mystery to me. To prepare myself for success as a coach, I spent the next year as an official and took coaching classes on the side. I learned everything from motivational strategies to technical, behind the scenes components of Taekwondo (跆拳道) competitions. Though I emerged with new knowledge and confidence in my capabilities, others did not share this faith.
注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Parents threw me disbelieving looks when they learned that their children's coach was only a child herself.________________________________________________________________________
Now, as I arrive at a tournament with my students, I close my eyes and remember the past.________________________________________________________________________
Parents threw me disbelieving looks when they learned that their children's coach was only a child herself. My self confidence protected me from their doubtful glances. However, as the endless doubts pounded me, I grew unsure of my own abilities. Despite the attack, I refused to give up. When I saw the shining eyes of the youngest students preparing for their first competition, I knew I couldn't let them down. To quit would be to set them up to be barred from competing like I was. The knowledge that I could solve my dojang's longtime problem motivated me to overcome my fear. I managed it.
Now, as I arrive at a tournament with my students, I close my eyes and remember the past. I recall the crazy search for a coach and the chaos among my teammates as we competed with one another to find coaches before the competition. It was a hard time but now I open my eyes to the exact opposite scene. Lacking a coach hurt my ability to compete, but I am proud to know that no member of my dojang will have to face that problem again.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和队友们去参加跆拳道比赛，因为没有教练而被禁止参加比赛，最后决定自己成为教练，开始参加了教练课程，学习激励策略，比赛技术等并对自己有了新的认识和信心。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，第一段可描写作者受到怀疑，自信心受挫但最终也没有放弃，最后成功地带领队员参赛的过程。
②由第二段首句可知，第二段可描写作者回忆过去寻找教练的慌乱场面，而现在知道她的队友不会再面临这样的问题了。
2．续写线索：受到怀疑——自信心受挫——拒绝退出——克服恐惧——成功做到——带队员参赛——回忆过去——感到自豪
热考话题八 动物篇
人与动物的话题也备受命题者青睐。如2020年浙江7月卷的“人战”和2020年浙江1月卷的“人狗和谐”。该话题一般从两个角度展开：一是人和动物和谐相处；二是人类与动物产生冲突，尤其遇到凶猛高大的动物，遇到危险，首先沉着冷静与动物周旋，并向别人求助，最后成功脱险的故事。
1．可爱型动物故事情节：可爱型动物，如狗、鸟等，主要构思陪伴、忠诚，或者人救助动物生命，动物(主要是狗)救人的生命等故事情节。
2．凶猛型动物故事情节：凶猛的动物，如狼、熊等，一般会给人造成生命威胁，所以主要是以遇险、脱险的故事情节为主。
3．主题升华设计：可爱型动物主题：陪伴、珍爱生命、自然和谐、忠诚等。
4．凶猛型动物主题：难忘的经历、获得教训、感谢他人救助等。
Ⅰ.主题场景词汇
jungle n. 丛林； 密林 camp n. 营地 fur n. 皮毛 paw n. 爪子 tail n. 尾巴 freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的 cloudy adj. 多云的 thoughtful adj. 考虑周到的 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 fierce adj. 凶猛的 natural adj. 天然的；自然的 seize v. 抓住；夺取；控制
inspect v. 检查；查看；审视；视察
restore v. 恢复；使复原；修复
advocate v. 提倡；倡议
pat v. 轻拍
approach v. 接近；靠近
locate vt. 确定……的准确位置
Ⅱ.主题场景语块
charge at... 向……袭击 in trouble 处于不幸中；处于困难中 come across 偶遇；无意中发现 help sb. to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
give access to 接见；准许进入；
向……开放
do not hesitate to do sth. 毫不犹豫做某事
give sb. a hand/do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用
Ⅲ.基于主题场景的续写
人与凶兽大战类
1．With the bear chasing behind, we waved our hands wildly screaming “Help”. We were running and were trapped to a narrow corner, where I could almost hear the gasps of him.
熊在后面追，我们疯狂地挥舞着双手，尖叫着“救命”。我们跑着跑着被困在一个狭窄的角落里，在那里我几乎可以听到它的喘息声。
2．When a tiger was approaching me, I froze with terror too scared to move an inch.
当一只老虎向我靠近时，我吓呆了，一动也不敢动。
3．Little by little, with its huge jaws wide open, the beast came closer and closer until I could see its eyes.
渐渐地，张开大嘴巴， 那只野兽越来越近，直到我能看到它的眼睛。
人与可爱型动物
4．The puppy turned his head, looked into my eyes, and licked my face with his wet, warm tongue.
小狗转过头来，看着我的眼睛，用它湿润温暖的舌头舔我的脸。
5．Appearing to be feeling better, the deer slowly raised his head and gave a gentle kiss to Lucy's hand as if to express thanks. What a warm scene!
鹿似乎感觉好些了，它慢慢抬起头，轻轻地吻了吻贝露丝的手，好像在致谢。多么温暖的一幕啊！
6．Our efforts were in vain as the more she struggled to get freedom, the more stuck she became.
我们的努力是徒劳的，因为她越挣扎着获得自由，她就陷得越深。
续写主旨升华
1．From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. After all, it is we who are the visitors to their world.
我不时地看这张照片，以此提醒自己要尊重所有的动物。毕竟我们才是动物世界的访客。
2．When we deal with them，it's not only we who take care of them，but most of the time, it's they that heal us.在和它们相处的时候，不仅仅是我们要照顾它们，大多数时候，治愈我们的是它们。
3．Despite the chilly winter wind, their home where the two lovely dogs played happily was filled with the warmth of love and reunion.
尽管冬风凛冽，他们家里的两只可爱的小狗快乐地玩耍，家里满是爱和团聚的温暖。
4．After we returned home safe and sound, we realized that something should be done for bears.
当我们平安回家后，我们意识到应该为熊做点什么。
● 这样自主练评 ●
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2023·辽宁模拟] One day, Billy was walking in the park when he suddenly came across a homeless dog. He initially was frightened of the dog, who glared and barked at him from the bushes.
“Hey there... You hungry？” Billy asked softly, trying to calm the dog down as he reached into his pocket to pull out a sandwich. He took one half and held it out to the dog. The dog calmed down, stepped forward and ate it next to Billy. A little calmer, Billy started to pat the dog as he ate the other half.
The dog began to lick (舔) his hand when both pieces were finished.
“I'm sorry. That was the only sandwich I took with me，” Billy laughed cheerfully, fully lowering his guard. As he got up, the dog began running and jumping happily around Billy, hoping to play with him. “Sorry, buddy. I have to go home，” Billy said. The dog cautiously followed Billy. Later that evening, Billy saw the dog sitting outside his yard through the window. He immediately ran out to her. “Buddy, what are you doing here？” Billy asked as he playfully patted her. The dog wagged her tail, barking in delight.
“Alright. Let me try and see if my mom won't mind taking you in，” Billy said.
Billy ran back and told his mom all about the dog. “Are you crazy, Billy We barely have enough to sustain ourselves. I'm sorry, but it's a no！” Mom declined him.
Billy accepted his mom's words and went outside to say his goodbyes. However, when he got outside, he noticed the heavy storm was coming and felt anxious for his new friend.
He had hoped that the dog would seek shelter somewhere, but she just sat there. He figured she was still waiting for him, so he went out into the rain to try to lead his friend to shelter.
“Come on, girl! Go！” Billy said, trying to lead the dog to the nearby sheltered car park. But she wouldn't move an inch. She stuck right by his side. The rain began to pour down harder.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Just at the moment, Mom appeared at the door.________________________________________________________________________
The next morning, Billy put up notices in the park to find the dog owner.________________________________________________________________________
Just at the moment, Mom appeared at the door. It was cruel for the dog to remain caught in the rain all night, so Mom agreed to let her in. Mom told Billy that the dog was an excellent dog and it was lucky for him if he owned one. But such a loyal creature was a treasure of her former owner. The owner must be very disappointed and anxious to have lost her. She suggested that he should find the owner as soon as possible. And Billy agreed.
The next morning, Billy put up notices in the park to find the dog owner.A few days later, a man called Thomas came to Billy's house. “ Come. Molly ！” Thomas shouted joyfully as soon as he saw his dog. He cried, bending down to try to get her attention. Molly responded with an approving bark and approached Thomas, licking his hand. Thomas and some of his friends had been looking for Molly for weeks, but she was nowhere to be found. Thomas realized that he may have lost her forever until he saw the notices. Thomas thanked Billy for having taken good care of Molly for days.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述比利在散步时遇到一只流浪狗，喂食之后，就偷偷跟着他回家了，当比利发现时，征求妈妈是否要收养它，但是因为家庭贫寒妈妈拒绝了。这时暴雨来临……
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句可知，本段可以写妈妈让狗狗进屋躲雨，并提出找到狗主人的想法。
②由第二段首句可知，本段可以写狗主人看到寻人启事来到比利的家里，狗狗见到主人之后很开心，以及主人对比利的感谢。
2．续写线索：妈妈同意狗狗进屋——妈妈建议找到狗主人——张贴告示——狗主人出现——狗狗和主人都很开心——狗主人表示感谢(共5张PPT)
命题篇——悟评分标准，明努力方向
各档次的给分范围和要求
档次 描述
第五档 (21－25分) 情节设置合理，内容丰富完整，富有逻辑性，与原文情境融洽度高；使用了丰富多样的词汇和语法结构，有个别小错(few)，但完全不影响理解；有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段。
第四档 (16－20分) 情节设置比较合理，内容比较丰富完整，比较有逻辑性，与原文情境融洽度较高；使用了比较丰富的词汇和语法结构，错误较少(a few)，但不影响理解；比较有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段。
第三档 (11－15分) 情节设置基本合理，内容比较完整，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文话题相关；使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有一些错误和不恰当之处(some)，但基本不影响理解；基本有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段。
第二档 (6－10分) 情节设置不够合理，内容不够完整，逻辑存在较大问题，与原文情境有一定程度的脱节；所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多(many)，影响理解；未能有效地使用语句间的衔接手段。
第一档 (1－5分) 情节设置完全不合理，内容不完整，毫无逻辑，或有部分内容抄自原文，与原文情境基本脱节；所使用的词汇有限，语法结构混乱(all)，严重影响理解；几乎没有使用语句间的衔接手段。
零分 未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以至于无法评判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
细说读后续写评分细则
1．本题总分为25分，按五个档次进行评分。
2．评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．评分时，应主要从内容、词汇与语法、篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：
(1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度；
(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性；
(3)语句间的衔接和全文的连贯性。
4．评分时还应注意：
(1)词数少于120的，酌情扣分；
(2)书写较差以至于影响交际的，酌情扣分；
(3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
阅卷人析考生失分原因
1．续写内容偏离原文主旨或人物混乱；
2．续写情节与原文、段首句无法达成衔接、连贯；
3．语言基本功欠缺，语法结构错误，句式杂糅，时态混用；
4．表达内容——词汇、词块及句型的使用不够丰富，缺乏可读性；
5．语言表达以中式英语为主，不够地道；
6．书写不规范，卷面难以识别。
考生必须避免两个雷区
1．情节设计要符合生活实际和文章逻辑，避免太过离奇。
2．叙述力求精练、生动、连贯，对话不要太多，书面化的长句不宜太多。(共50张PPT)
第二讲
瞻前顾后 稳取句内、句组、语篇层次题
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48.medical attention.
47.A.went away B．stood up
C.stepped aside D．bent down
[解析] 根据生活常识可以推测，Bailey需要弯下腰来(bent down)才能让Lenoue趴到她的背上。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
方法2利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间往往相互对应。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例] [2022·全国乙卷]We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could __49__ or hear the adult.
49.A.see B．help C.reach D．fool
[解析] We then asked the child if she could __49__动词 or并列连词 hear the adult动词 ．
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与__49__ or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
方法3利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]She had to say43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.__ride waves on her board. But it was __45__ to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be.
45.A.common B．time
C.fun D．tough
[解析] 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。It is time to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“是时候做某事”。此处用来指是时候来实现道格拉斯人生的飞跃了。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
方法4利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
__49__， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B．Surprisingly
C.Naturally D．Immediately
[解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。由空后的“Ziyad got close to the hive”可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的蜂巢。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
方法5利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very 47.nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __48__ for him, having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work__out．
48．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky
[解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空后的having to leave his dog暗示可推知，由于不得不将宠物狗交到他人手中，要保持镇定对主人而言是非常难的。
[自主解答] ________
答案：A
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷] “I'm going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I'm ready to __60__．” And shine she did.
60．A.shine B．fly C．dance D．score
[解析] 利用语义复现解题。空白处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速定位答案。
[自主解答] ________
A
同义词复现
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __41__. They could not afford to pay for42.transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41．A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection
[解析] 同义词复现解题。根据下文可知，这家人生活拮据，无法负担宠物运费。空处和“could not afford” 是同义词，故on a tight budget符合要求。
[自主解答] ________
B
反义词复现
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an __54__ member of the national team to the top of the sport.
54.A.amateur B．elected
C.average D．enthusiastic
[解析] 反义词复现解题。根据文中的“skyrocket from... to the top of the sport.”可知，道格拉斯的水平实现了由低到高的飞跃，空白处应选top的反义词，即水平一般、较低的。
[自主解答] ________
C
技巧2利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round，47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any48.good,__we thought. But we were __49__ his kindness，so we 50.tried them.
49.A.sympathetic to B．thankful for
C.cautious about D．interested in
[解析] 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题。根据上文“It was a very nice 45.gesture for him to make.”可知，作者认为邻居行为是表达善意。因此，尽管礼物的外观看起来不怎么好，作者对Mario的善良还是很感激的(thankful for)。
[自主解答] ________
B
技巧3利用逻辑关系解题
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best. She had to 42.pack__up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43.goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44.ride waves on her board. But it was 45.time to take the leap (飞跃), however 46.heartbreaking it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she __47__ about 1，200 miles away from home, to 48.train with a coach from China.
47．A.dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off
[解析] 利用逻辑关系解题。根据上文中“To become the Olympic champion... to leave everything” 可知，为了成为奥运冠军，道格拉斯需要离开熟悉的环境。So表示因果关系，表达因此她需要离(went off)家千里。
[自主解答] ________
D
技巧4利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]By55.winning the Olympic all around title，she became the first black woman to do so. She __56__ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57.confident all along that she would win.
56.A.followed B．organized
C.watched D．led
[解析] 利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文可知，道格拉斯赢得了比赛，再由下文“from beginning to end”可推断，空白处想表达道格拉斯在比赛全程一直处于优势地位。lead有“处于领先地位”之意，符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路1利用首尾呼应关系解题
经典感悟
[典例] [2023·全国甲卷]It was a very nice45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were46.worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice，round, 47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any 48.good,__we thought. But we were 49.thankful__for his kindness，so we 50.tried them.
What we discovered is that it's 51.unwise to judge what you eat only by its __52__．Those tomatoes had a53.taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
52.A.appearance B．quality C.origin D．price
答题微点
[解题依据] 完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。
[解析] 根据文章首段对番茄外观、酒瓶外观的描述，就外表对其进行了评判，这里作者表示仅凭你吃的东西的外表作评判是不明智的。
[自主解答] ________
A
[图解技巧]
思路2利用文章发展脉络解题
经典感悟
[典例] [2022·全国甲卷]You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath,__Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In__that__moment,__I began to fall for him.
...
A year later, much to my58.delight,__this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving __60__ to the dogs that brought us together.
60.A.toys B．awards C.food D．water
答题微点
[解题依据] 叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
[解析] 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
[自主解答] ________
D
[名师点津]
解 题 策 略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
练重点·练难点
[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测]The problems had started before the trip even began.
It was my first time traveling to Asia. I had __1__ distances and timing. I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok. Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m．. I was a bit __3__. I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p. m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.
Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port. He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p. m．， earlier than usual. I started to panic, but my driver was __7__ to try. His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __8__ to see him put so much effort in for a __9__．
When we were about 10 minutes away, his friend __10__ him that they would hold the boat for us—but we had to __11__！ From there on, it was __12__. It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port. So, we __13__. The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.
I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat. I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.,
1．A.recorded B．expanded C．misjudged D．changed
2．A.knowing B．estimating C．caring D．arguing
3．A.surprised B．disappointed C．worried D．embarrassed
4．A.just B．still C．always D．almost
5．A.cheerfully B．finally C．hesitantly D．immediately
6．A.stormy B．deep C．cold D．broad
7．A.honored B．delighted C．determined D．inspired
8．A.satisfying B．touching C．stressful D．awful
9．A.companion B．customer C．driver D．stranger
10．A.informed B．reminded C．warned D．convinced
11．A.turn B．quit C．wait D．rush
12．A.magic B．madness C．horror D．calmness
13．A.looked back B．turned around C．pulled over D．helped out
14．A.packed B．placed C．removed D．grabbed
15．A.kindness B．trust C．comfort D．admiration
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我在去旅行时因为计划失误，在当地司机及其朋友的无私帮助之下成功赶上了最后一班渡轮的故事。
1．答案与解析：C 根据后文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok.”可知，我不知道龙目岛有飞机场所以定了机票飞到巴厘岛，推断出我误判了距离和时间。
2．答案与解析：A 根据前文“I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flights to Bali，”可知，我计划去龙目岛但是却买了去巴厘岛的机票说明我不知道龙目岛有机场。
3．答案与解析：C 根据前文“Arriving in Bali at 1 p．m..”及后文“I had read online the last ferry (轮渡)left at 4 p．m. and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.”可知，我一点到达巴厘岛还需要坐1.5小时的出租车才能到港口，而最后一班渡轮是4点开船，时间非常紧张，所以推断出我是很担忧的。
4．答案与解析：B 我坐飞机到达巴厘岛后还要坐出租车去港口，still“仍然”表示事情没有结束接下来还有要做的事情，符合句意。
5．答案与解析：D 根据后文“He told us the seas were __6__ so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p．m., earlier than usual.”可知，司机告知我渡轮比以往要离开的早，说明司机在听完我的话后立即就给他的朋友打了电话。
6．答案与解析：A 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下得很大几乎没有通向港口的路，说明司机的朋友告知说船会早开是因为有暴风雨。
7．答案与解析：C 根据后文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”可知，司机不断在和他的朋友沟通，推断出司机决心送我去港口。
8．答案与解析：B 根据后文“I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.”可知，我很感激司机的善意，推断出我被司机付出的努力感动。
9．答案与解析：D 根据前文“Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port.”可知，我是一名乘客，我坐上出租车才和司机认识的，说明对于司机来说我是一名陌生人。
10．答案与解析：A 根据后文“they would hold the boat for us”可知，司机的朋友将会让船等着我们，也就是说，这个消息是司机的朋友通知我们的。
11．答案与解析：D 根据后文“I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat.”可知，当时我去港口需要1.5小时而距离开船也需要1.5小时，说明我们需要赶时间。
12．答案与解析：B 根据后文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨下的很大甚至都看不见路，我和司机又要赶时间去港口，说明接下来的事情是一件很疯狂的事情。
13．答案与解析：C 根据前文“It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port.”可知，雨很大看不见道路，所以司机只能把车停在路边。
14．答案与解析：D 根据前文“but we had to __11__”可知，我的时间很紧迫，我需要赶紧登上渡轮，推断出司机也很着急，他为了让我不要误船帮我拿行李箱。
15．答案与解析：A 根据前文“His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend.”及“The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.”可知，司机不仅帮我联系他的朋友让渡轮等我，开车送我去港口的同时还在大雨中帮我拿行李，推断出司机的行为是善意的。(共29张PPT)
第三讲 规避5大易错点 智取完形拉分题
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：
①解题信息比较隐蔽；
②干扰项迷惑性较强；
③情感态度较难把握；
④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应小心谨慎应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]Here, in south east Ethiopia, hand carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the __42__．Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous．
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47.climbing．He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground...
42.A.courtyards B．fields C.treetops D．caves
[解析] 本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法定位答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的“...the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”，“养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处”，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点2因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
[典例] [2023·全国乙卷]As it turned out, Douglas did __50__ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51.defeated two Russians. The Chinese coach 52.transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53.world,__helping her skyrocket from an 54.average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
50.A.approximately B．gradually
C.exactly D．possibly
[解析] 四个选项在形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用联系上下文分析法解题。根据下文可知，她后来取得了非凡的成绩，这正是她所需要做的事。此处exactly意为“恰好，正好”，在句中用于强调。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[典例] [2023·浙江高考1月卷]49.Finally,__Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he __50__ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50.A.backed B．dived C.shouted D．inched
[解析] 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动。inch指“(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”，对于学生而言，这一含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。
[自主解答] ________
D
易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷] Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55.display of human kindness won the day.
54.A.ride B．test C.meet D．show
[解析] 根据下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比赛前素不相识，但这之后成为了朋友。meet除了会议、见面等常见意思外，还有运动会、体育比赛的含义。
[自主解答] ________
C
易错点5因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生产生一些思维定式。如果不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，会导致误解一些题目，并抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。
学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth.表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词性转化。
[典例] [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]The flight was 53.uneventful,__and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __54__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
54.A.returned B．fought C.flew D．agreed
[解析] 根据上下文可知，作者带着狗狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选D项。
[自主解答] ________
C
练重点·练难点
[2023·山东省实验中学高三一模]One day, on my way to a fried chicken shop, I noticed many people warming up at the starting line. Runners of all ages, __1__ and sizes, were preparing for the 5 kilometer running. I __2__ everyone looked glad and proud there, high fives happening everywhere, accompanied by friendly encouragement and wishes. I __3__ what caused such enthusiasm. The idea of running for any reason __4__ running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me.
As the runners took their places at the starting line, I heard __5__ cheers from the bleachers (看台). I decided to stay and watch the whole race. The officials __6__ for the start and all the runners rushed forward. They ran with __7__ initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared __8__ exhausted. I guessed she would __9__ in no time. Just then, a man in the bleachers shouted to the girl, “Come on, Tiffany! You can do it！” Hearing the words, Tiffany gave a __10__ smile to the man and continued running. Soon some other runners who were slowing down also received __11__ from people in the bleachers. No one seemed to drop out.
Finally, Tiffany managed to arrive at the finishing line breathlessly. __12__ she wasn't the winner, but she was pleased to finish the whole race. She raised her __13__ in the air happily. Some other runners arrived one by one, and they __14__ each other. Inspired, I began trying to avoid fast food and doing exercise after that day, which changed me a lot. Now I become healthier and more __15__．
1．A.forms B．shapes C．heights D．names
2．A.witnessed B．appreciated C．realized D．confirmed
3．A.knew B．accepted C．wondered D．doubted
4．A.or rather B．other than C．more than D．rather than
5．A.imaginable B．colorful C．admirable D．powerful
6．A.signaled B．waved C．shouted D．asked
7．A.ease B．caution C．curiosity D．purpose
8．A.occasionally B．probably C．slightly D．particularly
9．A.turn down B．burst out C．take in D．give up
10．A.bitter B．regretful C．shameful D．brief
11．A.cheers B．gifts C．congratulations D．sighs
12．A.Sadly B．Obviously C．Unfortunately D．Amazingly
13．A.head B．fingers C．arms D．legs
14．A.dragged B．comforted C．congratulated D．greeted
15．A.skeptical B．confident C．careful D．conservative
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去炸鸡店的路上目睹了一起跑步比赛，看到参赛选手都努力完成比赛，作者受到了鼓舞，于是开始尽量不吃快餐，多做运动。
1．答案与解析：B 句意：所有年龄、身高和身材的跑步者都在为5公里跑做准备。根据后文“and sizes”可知，此处在描述跑步者的身材如何。
2．答案与解析：A 句意：我看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴和自豪，到处都是击掌，伴随着友好的鼓励和祝福。 根据后文“everyone looked glad”可知，作者看到在场的每个人看起来都很高兴。
3．答案与解析：C 根据后文“what caused such enthusiasm”指作者想知道人们热情的原因。
4．答案与解析：B 句意：除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过我。 根据后文“running towards an ice cream truck had never been appealing to me”可知，此处指除了跑向一辆冰淇淋车之外，为了任何原因而跑的想法从来没有吸引过作者，other than表示“除了……没有”。
5．答案与解析：D 句意：当跑步者们在起跑线上就位时，我听到看台上传来了热烈的欢呼声。 根据后文“cheers from the bleachers”可知，人们在给运动员加油，传来热烈的欢呼声。
6．答案与解析：A 句意：裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。 根据后文“for the start and all the runners rushed forward”指裁判员示意起跑，所有的跑步者都向前冲去。
7．答案与解析：A 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 根据后文“initially, but halfway, some runners looked tired”可知but表示转折，说明一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，故选A。
8．答案与解析：D 句意：他们一开始跑得很轻松，但跑到一半的时候，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。 结合上文“some runners looked tired, and one girl appeared”可知，一些跑步者看起来很累，其中一个女孩显得特别疲惫。
9．答案与解析：D 上文提到这个女孩特别累，所以作者猜测她很快会放弃比赛。
10．答案与解析：D 根据后文“smile to the man and continued running”可知，女孩对那个给她加油的人短暂地笑了笑，又继续跑。
11．答案与解析：A 句意：很快，其他一些慢下来的跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。 呼应上文“cheers from the bleachers”指跑步者也受到了看台上人们的欢呼。
12．答案与解析：B 句意：显然她不是获胜者，但她很高兴跑完全程。 根据后文“she wasn't the winner”可知，显然蒂芙尼不是获胜者。
13．答案与解析：C 根据后文“in the air happily”以及常识，完成了比赛所以是双臂在空中挥动，故选C。
14．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Some other runners arrived one by one”可知，选手都到达了终点，互相祝贺。
15．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Now I become healthier and more”可知，作者有了积极的变化，变得更健康，更自信。(共22张PPT)
第一讲 宏观把握完形新思路——3步解题流程
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __41__ the course earlier than she did. Her __42__ came because she was carrying a __43__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __45__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__. She couldn't. Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __50__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __51__ about why her act is considered a big __52__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __53__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __55__ of human kindness won the day.
41．A.designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
42．A.delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
43．A.judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
44．A.race B．school C．town D．training
45．A.agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
46．A.courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
47．A.went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
48．A.medical B．public C．constant D．equal
49．A.interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
50．A.hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
51．A.worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
52．A.game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
53．A.leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
54．A.ride B．test C．meet D．show
55．A.secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
41．答案与解析：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
42．答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have
41__ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
43．答案与解析：D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
44．答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭喊。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
45．答案与解析：C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
46．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否在她的帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在Bailey的帮助下向前走。故选B。
47．答案与解析：D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受医疗检查的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
48．答案与解析：A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant持续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受医疗检查，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
49．答案与解析：B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
50．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据第45空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
51．答案与解析：C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
52．答案与解析：D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
53．答案与解析：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
54．答案与解析：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
55．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展现的人性的善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点线，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
◎研透3大解题原则——谨防失分◎
1．词不离句、句不离篇原则
做题时避免见空填空，即看到一个空格，直接看选项进行选择，失误率会大大增加。完形填空强调单词、短语在语境(句子层面、段落层面、篇章层面)中的应用。填第一空时，务必读到第二空，很多时候两个题空之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索，依次类推。
2．无关词排除原则
文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，结构很紧凑，正确选项一般都是紧扣文章的中心主线，一些看上去明显和文章主线毫无关系的选项，可以排除在外。
3．末段紧扣主题原则
文章的末段通常是本文内容的升华，或是主旨大意的概括，或是作者思想境界的提升等，总之与主题密切相关，与文章主题无关或相左的选项可以排除。
练重点·练难点
[2023·厦门市第二次质量检测]My 34 year old son Zack was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at age two. It has been a long road, filled with many __1__. The fact that Zack is nonverbal __2__ matters greatly. However, we have always found a way to get our message across.
Autism involves continuous obstacles in social __3__. Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of __4__ from their child. I was __5__ to get one.
At snack time, I started to __6__ to Zack with a favorite chant that I often use. “Mommy loves you; Mommy loves you, yes, I do, yes, I do.” In the middle of my song, I __7__ that Zack was attentively observing me. __8__， he took a step toward me and held his arms out. Another step __9__ and he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug. A feather could have knocked me over as I realized that, for the very first time, my son was __10__ me!
For a moment I stood there __11__. This magical hug ended as __12__ as it had started, but the __13__ it had on me will be permanent. On an ordinary day, the extraordinary __14__. It belongs to me, making me believe miracles exist and __15__ me with joy every day.
1．A.priorities B．mysteries C．challenges D．opportunities
2．A.complicates B．settles C．helps D．explains
3．A.support B．responsibility C．communication D．security
4．A.affection B．growth C．success D．recovery
5．A.amused B．blessed C．determined D．honored
6．A.sing B．apologize C．respond D．complain
7．A.agreed B．mentioned C．announced D．noticed
8．A.Eventually B．Suddenly C．Naturally D．Apparently
9．A.formed B．counted C．paused D．followed
10．A.calling B．encouraging C．hugging D．protecting
11．A.in comfort B．in shock C．with confidence D．with awe
12．A.quickly B．early C．perfectly D．differently
13．A.burden B．focus C．hope D．impact
14．A.revived B．worked C．occurred D．varied
15．A.welcoming B．shaping C．filling D．approaching
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是作者的儿子有自闭症，有一天作者的儿子突然拥抱作者，这让作者相信奇迹的存在，让作者每天都充满快乐。
1．答案与解析：C 根据上文“My 34 year old son Zack was diagnosed with autism (自闭症) at age two”可知，句子表示“这是一条漫长的道路，充满了许多挑战”。
2．答案与解析：A 根据上文“Zack is nonverbal”可知，扎克不会说话的事实让事情变得更加复杂。
3．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Autism involves continuous obstacles in social”和常识可知，自闭症在社交方面存在持续的障碍。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文“Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of __4__ from their child”可知，许多父母和作者一样，渴望孩子自发地表达感情。
5．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Many parents like me, long for spontaneous (自发的) signs of __4__ from their child”和下文“get one”可知，作者很幸运地得到了儿子表达感情，空格处用blessed。
6．答案与解析：A 句意：吃零食的时候，我开始用我经常用的最喜欢的圣歌唱给扎克听。 根据下文“with a favorite chant”可知，作者唱歌。
7．答案与解析：D 句意：在我唱到一半的时候，我注意到扎克在聚精会神地观察我。 根据下文“Zack was attentively observing me”可知，作者注意到扎克在聚精会神地观察作者。
8．答案与解析：B 根据下文“he took a step toward me and held his arms out”可知，突然，他向作者迈了一步，伸出双臂。
9．答案与解析：D 根据下文“and he wrapped his arms around me”可知，他又走了一步，紧紧地抱住作者。
10．答案与解析：C 根据上文“he wrapped his arms around me in a big bear hug”可知，作者儿子在拥抱作者。
11．答案与解析：B 根据上文“for the very first time, my son was __10__ me”可知，作者儿子第一次拥抱作者，作者震惊了。
12．答案与解析：A 根据下文“as it had started”可知，这个神奇的拥抱开始得很快，结束得也很快。
13．答案与解析：D 根据下文“ be permanent”可知，句子表示“这个神奇的拥抱开始得很快，结束得也很快，但它对我的影响将是永久的”。
14．答案与解析：C 根据上文“for the very first time, my son was __10__ me”可知，在一个平凡的日子里，不平凡的事情发生了。
15．答案与解析：C 根据下文“me with joy”可知，作者的每天都充满快乐，fill sb. with sth.意为“使某人充满……”。(共68张PPT)
第二讲
名、形、副 三管齐下 巧化词形转换
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语、补足语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
典例导引
[2023·浙江高考1月卷] The term “hutong”，57.________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
[分析] 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为形容词，mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰可确定，此处应该考虑词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式。结合句意“‘胡同’一词最初在蒙古语中意为‘水井’，最早出现在元代。”可知，空处应用副词。
[答案] __originally__
解题攻略
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换
提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换；
提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。
第二步：确定转换形式
据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式。
技法1 提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
典题试做
1.[2023·山东省滨州市二模]The skewers are 70～80 percent cooked before they are brought to the table, where diners can finish cooking them on their own stoves, which lends a sense of ________ (participate).
答案与解析：participation 句意：在烤串端上餐桌之前，已经七八分熟了，食客可以在自己的炉子上烤至完全熟，这给人一种参与的感觉。此处应用名词作宾语，且participation，表示“参与”，为不可数名词，故填participation。
2.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]Zou also mentioned the ________ (perform) of scientific experiments, like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals and solar energy.
答案与解析：performance 句意：邹永辽还提到了科学实验的表现，比如在月球表面种植植物，以及月球资源的利用，比如月球矿物和太阳能。冠词修饰名词，作宾语，performance“表现”不可数名词，故填performance。
3.[2023·武汉市五月模拟]In 2019, the Chinese government had made a ________ (commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.
答案与解析：commitment 句意：2019年，中国政府做出承诺，到2020年实现14亿人口全部脱贫。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，不定冠词a表明用单数，故填commitment。
4.[2023·湖南省名校联盟5月冲刺压轴卷] “We have tried to make something that restores the villagers' pride in their local identity, as well as creating a local economic network，” says Xu Tiantian, ________ (found) of DNA.
答案与解析：founder 此处表示“创立者”应用名词founder。
5.[2023·济南市三模] Yellow River culture is a product of the material and spiritual advancement of the people living by the river throughout time. The local artistic ________ (create) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture.
答案与解析：creations 句意：地方艺术创作在黄河文化中发挥着重要作用。作主语，结合后文are可知应用复数名词creations。
6.[2023·黄冈中学二模]“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such ________ (wise) was unique to China，”Lv Qiuxia, an expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
答案与解析：wisdom 句意：这样的智慧是中国独有的。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，故填wisdom。
7.[2023·全国甲卷] However, Carson's theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
答案与解析：warning 考查词性转换。句意：然而，卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，故空处应填名词warning。
8.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
答案与解析：tasty 考查词性转换 空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。
9.[2023·陕西省宝鸡市第十三次模考]Yang Zhenning, a ________ (respect) Nobel Prize winning physicist, became the first Chinese American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971.
答案与解析：respected/respectable 句意：杨振宁，一位受人尊敬的/值得尊敬的诺贝尔物理学奖得主，成为1971年美国刚刚解除访问中国禁令后第一位返回中国的华裔美国科学家。根据句意，提示词作定语修饰名词词组Nobel Prize winning physicist，应用形容词作定语。故填respected/respectable。
10.[2023·台州市第二次质量评估]With a history of more than 2，000 years, the Silk Route dates back to Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly ________ (qualify)silk made its fame to the western countries.
答案与解析：qualified 句意：通过这条路线，中国优质丝绸在西方国家享有盛名。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词silk, highly qualified意为“高质量的”，故填qualified。
快捷思维
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.＋ ion/ tion/ ation/ sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.＋ ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论；论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.＋ r/ er/ or转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民者
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.＋ ure转换为名词
fail→failure; mix→mixture；
press→pressure; depart→departure
(5)后缀 th结尾的名词
grow→growth; die→death
deep→depth; wide→width
warm→warmth; true→truth
(6)后缀 ance/ ence结尾的名词
exist→existence; guide→guidance
(7)后缀 al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival; approve→approval;
survive→survival
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.＋ able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable可接受的
adapt→adaptable能适应的
adjust→adjustable可调节的
afford→affordable负担得起的
(2)v.＋ ed/ ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused感到困惑的
excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的
(3)v.＋ ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
(4)v.＋ ful/ less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
技法2 提示词为名词的词形转换
典题试做
1.[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Thanks to Beijing's long history 63.as the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________ (event)．
答案与解析：events 名词单复数。此处表示几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有些还和历史事件有关。event“事件”，是可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，且根据句意可知，历史事件肯定不止一件，所以空处填events。
2.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]These objectives mainly involve studying the moon's evolution (进化), exploring star formation and ________ (activity), and observing the sun and Earth from the moon.
答案与解析：activities 句意：这些目标主要包括研究月球的演化，探索恒星的形成和活动，以及从月球上观察太阳和地球。分析句子可知，此处用名词与star formation并列作宾语，activity是可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数，表泛指，故填activities。
3.[2023·济宁市高考模拟]________ (human) are most happy and healthy when this energy is harmonious and balanced. Following treatment, you'll feel incredibly relaxed and calm.
答案与解析：Humans 句意：当这种能量和谐平衡时，人类是最快乐和健康的。治疗后，你会感到无比的放松和平静。空处在句中为主语，结合空后的are可知，此处用名词复数， 故填Humans。
4.[2023·河北省邯郸市三模]Zou Yongliao, head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the goals at a recent ________ (nation) space conference.
答案与解析：national 句意：中国科学院月球与深空探测部主任邹永辽在最近的一次全国航天会议上透露了这些目标。修饰名词用形容词作定语，故填national。
5.[2022·全国甲卷]Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning)．
答案与解析：meaningful 根据所给提示词为名词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补(形容词)”的固定结构，空处应填形容词形式。
6.[2023·山东省实验中学第二次模拟] This ________ (influence) status has caused the IOC to make English one of the official languages.
答案与解析：influential 句意：这种影响力使得国际奥委会将英语作为官方语言之一。设空处修饰名词status，应用形容词作定语，故填influential。
7.[2023·全国甲卷]________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
答案与解析：Different 形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以指控而非寓意结尾。be different from“与……不同”是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。
8.[2023·湖北省高三调研]The parks are expected to cover 10 percent of the ________ (country) land area and preserve more than 80 percent of the key national protected wild plant and animal species.
答案与解析：country's 句意：这些公园预计将覆盖全国10%的土地面积，并保护80%以上的国家重点保护野生动植物物种。分析句子可知，此处应用名词所有格形式作定语。故填country's。
9.[2023·辽宁省沈阳市二模] To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees are planted together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the ________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
答案与解析：tea's 句意：这种从祖先传下来的做法保证了茶的果味和甜味。tea与后文taste构成所属关系，故用名词所有格形式。故填tea's。
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.＋ ion/ tion/ ation/ sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.＋ ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论；论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.＋ r/ er/ or转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民者
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.＋ ure转换为名词
fail→failure; mix→mixture；
press→pressure; depart→departure
(5)后缀 th结尾的名词
grow→growth; die→death
deep→depth; wide→width
warm→warmth; true→truth
(6)后缀 ance/ ence结尾的名词
exist→existence; guide→guidance
(7)后缀 al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival; approve→approval;
survive→survival
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.＋ able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable可接受的
adapt→adaptable能适应的
adjust→adjustable可调节的
afford→affordable负担得起的
(2)v.＋ ed/ ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused感到困惑的
excite→exciting令人激动的；令人兴奋的
(3)v.＋ ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
(4)v.＋ ful/ less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful怀疑的
forget→forgetful健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
1．名词变复数的规则
(1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch, sh, s, x等结尾的单词，则一般加es：trees, bikes, books, buses, watches, boxes, bushes；
(2)辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；但元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s：babies, families; boys, plays；
(3)以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro, hero)、两菜(tomato, potato)加es外，其余一般加s：radios, photos；
(4)以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f, fe为v再加es：wives, knives, wolves。
2．名词变复数的不规则变化
(1)man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice；
(2)单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, people, sheep, deer, fish。
技法3 提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
典题试做
1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]No matter where I buy them, though，one steamer basket is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65.wanting more next time.
答案与解析：rarely 副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。
2.[2022·全国乙卷]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea producing country, China has a ________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案与解析：responsibility 考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词的单数形式，故填responsibility。
3.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]So, what are they learning ________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life.
答案与解析：Basically 副词。句意：那么，他们在学什么呢？总的说来，他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。
4.[2023·山东省泰安市三模] The new e book says ChatGPT 4 will become ________ (extreme) useful to doctors.
答案与解析：extremely 句意：新的电子书表示，ChatGPT 4将对医生非常有用。分析句意可知，空格处作状语修饰形容词useful，故填extremely。
5.[2023·湖南省郴州市三模]Best of all, the new thermoregulatory material is inexpensive to produce, and very environmentally friendly as it is durable and ________ (easy) reusable.
答案与解析：easily 修饰形容词reusable应用所给词的副词形式。
6.[2023·衡水中学第五次综合素养测评]In ancient times, fireworks weren't always ________ (wide) affordable. So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way to celebrate festivals.
答案与解析：widely 句意：在古代，烟花并不总是普遍负担得起的。此处需要用副词来修饰形容词affordable。故填widely。
7.[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测三]As a boy, I spent much time in London. One of the joys was spending weekends bicycling to Kew Gardens, famous for housing the world's ________ (large) greenhouses.
答案与解析：largest 根据范围词world's可知，空处应用形容词最高级修饰名词greenhouses。
8.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring！
答案与解析：hotter 此处是固定结构“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，故填hotter。
9.[2023·山东省泰安市三模]Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought a far ________ (much) powerful tool to assist with medical diagnoses—ChatGPT 4.
答案与解析：more 句意：人工智能(AI)带来了一种更强大的工具来帮助医疗诊断——ChatGPT 4。分析句意可知，far修饰形容词比较级， 故填more。
快捷思维
1.形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词；
(2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式；
(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；
(4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。
2.形容词变副词的规则
(1)以 e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加 ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。
(2)一些以 e结尾的形容词去e加 (l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。
(3)“辅音字母＋ y”结尾，变y为i，再加 ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。
(4)以 ic结尾的形容词加 ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。
3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级；
②空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级；
③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。
技法4 提示词为代词的词形转换
典题试做
1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
答案与解析：their 句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以把它们从蒸屉中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。设空处修饰名词contents，需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
2.Jiuzhaigou got ________ (it) name because there are nine Tibetan villages in the valley.
答案与解析：its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：九寨沟因山谷中有九个藏族村庄而得名。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填its。
3.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ________ (one) out there.
答案与解析：ones 考查代词。句意：但宇宙中至少70%的恒星是红矮星，它们是宇宙中最小、温度最低的恒星。空处指代“70%的恒星中最小的和温度最低的那些”，需用复数形式ones表示泛指。
快捷思维
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。具体方法如下：
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
(2)分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
(3)分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词；
(4)分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。
技法5 提示词为数词的词形转换
典题试做
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop's fables date to the ________ (six) century B．C.
答案与解析：sixth 序数词。语境：著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。
2.[2023·邯郸市第二次模拟] The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the ________ (eight) day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba.
答案与解析：eighth 句意：农历的第十二个月在中国被称为腊月，所以这个农历月的第八天是腊月初八，或腊八。根据下文“la yue chu ba, or laba.”可推测，这是腊月的第八天，因此用序数词。故填eighth。
3.[2023·河北省高三4月联考]Jingzhe is the ________ (three) solar term of the 24 terms defined by the traditional Chinese calendar.
答案与解析：third 句意：惊蛰是中国传统历法二十四节气中的第三个节气。根据“of the 24 terms”可知，此处是指惊蛰是第三个节气，所以应用序数词third表示“第三个”。故填third。
4.[2023·湖南省百所学校联考]The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment.
答案与解析：hundreds 考查数词。hundreds of为固定短语，意为“数以百计的”。
5.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the ________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation.
答案与解析：twentieth 考查数词。这里表示“20世纪”，也就是“第20个世纪”，应用序数词。
6.[2023·杭州市二模]There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ________ (eighty)．
答案与解析：eighties 考查数词。in one's late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”。
7.Back in the ________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
答案与解析：nineties 考查数词。in the nineties 意为“在九十年代”。
快捷思维
1.基数词变序数词
(1)一般由基数词加 th构成：
six→sixth seven→seventh
ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
(2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加 th：
twenty→twentieth
thirty→thirtieth
(3)不规则变化：
one→first two→second
three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
2.年龄、年代表达法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时；
(2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。
练重点·练难点
[2023·辽宁省沈阳市二模]In China, there are 44 national level intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea, including the art of making Biluochun, 2.________ type of green tea. With a history of about 1，000 years, Biluochun, 3.________ translates as “green spiral spring (碧螺春)”， is made from tender tea shoots. It is known for its spiral like 4.________ (appear).
To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
to
a
which
appearance
are planted
tea's
Traditionally，Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand. About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after processing.
Biluochun must be processed soon after. Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly. A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell. Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process. By stirring, shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃， they begin to dry and develop a spiral form. The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes. Every minute matters, or the tea will not taste good.
entirely
picked
to adjust
comes
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碧螺春茶的相关知识和制作过程。
1．答案与解析：to 句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。短语be related to表示“与……有关”。
2．答案与解析：a 句意：在中国，与茶有关的国家级非物质文化遗产项目有44项，其中包括碧螺春，一种绿茶的制作工艺。 a type of “一种”。故填a。
3．答案与解析：which 句意：碧螺春，译作“绿色螺旋春天”，由嫩芽制成，已有1000年的历史。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Biluochun，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。
4．答案与解析：appearance 句意：它以螺旋状的外观而闻名。作介词的宾语，应用名词， 故填appearance。
5．答案与解析：are planted 句意：为了制作这种茶，茶树和果树一起种植。主语the tea trees and fruit trees与谓语plant构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are planted。
6．答案与解析：tea's 句意：这种从祖先传下来的做法保证了茶的果味和甜味。tea与后文taste构成所属关系，故用名词所有格形式。故填tea's。
7．答案与解析：entirely 句意：传统上，碧螺春完全是手工制作的。修饰后文介词短语应用副词entirely，故填entirely。
8．答案与解析：picked 句意：从一棵大茶树上采摘的大约1公斤的叶子经过加工后只能产生0.1公斤的茶叶。分析句子结构可知pick与逻辑主语1 kilogram of leaves构成被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填picked。
9．答案与解析：to adjust 句意：一个人需要特别注意调节温度，通过气味来判断茶的状况。短语be attentive to do sth.表示“注意做某事”。故填to adjust。
10．答案与解析：comes 句意：接下来是成型过程。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the shaping process，谓语用三单形式。故填comes。
