第二讲 补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词 ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧1 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable．” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故“接受不舒服”符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed，redefine your role.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段落主题句。根据后文“Seeking and accepting...feel valued and respected”可知，本段主要讲述分享、利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧3 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The__food__is__so__delicious__that__you__don't__need__much__of__it__to__make__you__happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且选项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
技巧1 根据总分关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__38__. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.Plants__like__peace__lilies__and__devil's__ivy__are__among__the__best．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
[听课笔记]
技巧2 根据解释关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one.__38__In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
【答题微点】
[解析] 从空后句子中的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
[听课笔记]
技巧3 根据例证关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷] Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__38__．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake”。选项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧4 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but, however/whereas, nevertheless (然而，不过), though, yet, in spite of, at any rate (无论如何), in any case (无论如何，不管怎样), on the contrary, by contrast (相反，相比之下), by comparison (相比之下), otherwise, not ... but, as well等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]·What are indoor plants
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter. __37__．
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 本空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天，D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：grow inside 和warmer，同时instead表转折，可以承接前句。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧5 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently, thus/therefore, so, so (such) ...that ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __36__ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空后的So可知， 设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧6 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also, further, furthermore, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, too, either, neither, not only ...but also ..., the more ...the more ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__36__，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
【答题微点】
[解析] 空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且空后的but与选项中的Not only在意思上构成递进关系。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧7 根据并列关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
【答题微点】
[解析] 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”
技巧1 段落过渡句
当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: __36__．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。
[自主解答] ________
技巧2 补充信息、举例说明句
段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明或举例说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__to__growing__plants__indoors. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” ... There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__39__．
D.Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
【答题微点】
[解析] 空格位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。
[自主解答] ________
[听课笔记]
技巧3 总结句
当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so, therefore, hence, thus, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all, to sum up, to conclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.”On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38__
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，选项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
[听课笔记]
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2023·衡水中学模拟] For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places. __1__.
Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent. __2__ , causing the person who's the object of a person's stare to feel overly studied and uncomfortable.
__3__ . The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim to attacks by pet dogs is their overly lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive.
Overly lasting eye contact is also a sign of a person's over awareness of the messages they are giving. In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it. __4__. But on the contrary, evasive (逃避的) eye contact is a sign of discomfort. Why do we avoid looking at a person It may be because we feel ashamed to be looking at them if we're being dishonest of trying to take them in. Evasive eye contact may also be a sign of dishonesty.
However, Scotland's University of Stirling found that, in a question and answer study among children, those who maintained eye contact were less likely to come up with the correct answer to a question than those who looked away to consider their response. __5__ , when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.
A．This is a widely recognized indicator of lying
B．Constant eye contact is often considered to be rude
C．Eye contact is the act of looking into someone's eyes
D．But there's something you may not know about eye contact
E．Overpowering eye contact can make the other person excited
F．Even between humans and non humans, lasting eye contact is sometimes unadvisable
G．Eye contact, as a socializing device, can take a surprising amount of effort to maintain
[答题区]
1～5 ________________
第二讲 补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
一、
技巧1 答案：C
技巧2 答案：D
技巧3 答案：E
二、
技巧1 答案：C
技巧2 答案：C
技巧3 答案：B
技巧4 答案：D
技巧5 答案：F
技巧6 答案：B
技巧7 答案：D
三、
技巧1 答案：G
技巧2 答案：E
技巧3 答案：F
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
1．答案与解析：D 根据上文“For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的正是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
2．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.”可知，上文告诉我们，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。
3．答案与解析：F 根据下文可知，下文告诉我们儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文，下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文“In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it.”可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文“when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.”可知，文章结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持，我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。(共52张PPT)
第二讲 补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词 ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧1 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “40.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable．” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故“接受不舒服”符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed，redefine your role.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段落主题句。根据后文“Seeking and accepting...feel valued and respected”可知，本段主要讲述分享、利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
技巧3 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The__food__is__so__delicious__that__you__don't__need__much__of__it__to__make__you__happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且选项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。
[自主解答] ________
答案：E
[方法总结]
二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
技巧1 根据总分关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__38__. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.Plants__like__peace__lilies__and__devil's__ivy__are__among__the__best．
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据解释关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one.__38__In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
【答题微点】
[解析] 从空后句子中的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
[方法总结]
技巧3 根据例证关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷] Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__38__．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake”。选项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
[方法总结]
技巧4 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but, however/whereas, nevertheless (然而，不过), though, yet, in spite of, at any rate (无论如何), in any case (无论如何，不管怎样), on the contrary, by contrast (相反，相比之下), by comparison (相比之下), otherwise, not ... but, as well等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]·What are indoor plants
Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter. __37__．
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 本空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天，D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：grow inside 和warmer，同时instead表转折，可以承接前句。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
技巧5 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently, thus/therefore, so, so (such) ...that ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __36__ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空后的So可知， 设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
[自主解答] ________
答案：F
[方法总结]
技巧6 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also, further, furthermore, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, too, either, neither, not only ...but also ..., the more ...the more ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__36__，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
【答题微点】
[解析] 空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且空后的but与选项中的Not only在意思上构成递进关系。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
[方法总结]
技巧7 根据并列关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. __37__ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
【答题微点】
[解析] 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
[方法总结]
三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”
技巧1 段落过渡句
当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: __36__．
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。
[自主解答] ________
答案：G
技巧2 补充信息、举例说明句
段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明或举例说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__to__growing__plants__indoors. I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” ... There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__39__．
D.Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
【答题微点】
[解析] 空格位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。
[自主解答] ________
答案：E
技巧3 总结句
当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so, therefore, hence, thus, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all, to sum up, to conclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.”On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38__
D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，选项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：F
练重点·练难点
[2023·衡水中学模拟] For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places. __1__.
Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent. __2__ , causing the person who's the object of a person's stare to feel overly studied and uncomfortable.
__3__ . The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim to attacks by pet dogs is their overly lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive.
Overly lasting eye contact is also a sign of a person's over awareness of the messages they are giving. In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it. __4__. But on the contrary, evasive (逃避的) eye contact is a sign of discomfort. Why do we avoid looking at a person It may be because we feel ashamed to be looking at them if we're being dishonest of trying to take them in. Evasive eye contact may also be a sign of dishonesty.
However, Scotland's University of Stirling found that, in a question and answer study among children, those who maintained eye contact were less likely to come up with the correct answer to a question than those who looked away to consider their response. __5__ , when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.
A．This is a widely recognized indicator of lying
B．Constant eye contact is often considered to be rude
C．Eye contact is the act of looking into someone's eyes
D．But there's something you may not know about eye contact
E．Overpowering eye contact can make the other person excited
F．Even between humans and non humans, lasting eye contact is sometimes unadvisable
G．Eye contact, as a socializing device, can take a surprising amount of effort to maintain
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
1．答案与解析：D 根据上文“For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的正是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
2．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.”可知，上文告诉我们，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。
3．答案与解析：F 根据下文可知，下文告诉我们儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文，下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文“In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it.”可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文“when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.”可知，文章结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持，我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。第三讲 巧用4个微技巧，稳解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
实际上，“七选五”的题目选择不是个个都难，难就难在其中1～3道特别的题目上，这些题目或是因为蕴含的信息更为丰富，或是选项高度相似，或是逻辑关系相近，总让人感到很是纠结。那么，此时学生就要学会利用种种重复信息，达到抽丝剥茧的效果。
技巧1 核心词复现法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it's true. __40__ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 核心(反义)词复现法解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。空白处的“changing”提示人在不断变化，跟G选项中的“fixed”互为反义词，形成对比，意为“不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”，承上启下，符合题意。
[自主解答] ________
【答题微点】
技巧依据
介绍段落主旨时， 常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
图解技巧 核心词复现法
[听课笔记]
技巧2 代词指代法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __39__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 代词指代法解题。本段主要讲可以请家人或朋友帮忙补充列表。根据空前的“friend or family member”可知，空后应该讲述他们的做法，C项中的“They”指代friend or family member。
[自主解答] ________
【答题微点】
技巧依据
英语文章中代词出现的频率很高，代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词(短语)或句子，可借助这一线索准确解题。
[听课笔记]
图解技巧 代词指代法
技巧3 逻辑关系法
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江1月卷]Plan ahead. Most long distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly. __36__ But no matter when you travel，it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
[解析] 空前的句子提供的信息是“大多数长途火车票，尤其是卧铺票，很快就会卖完”，D项“夏天旺季的时候尤其如此”符合语境。解题时，可以着重关注选项中的代词That和空后一句中的连词But，以帮助厘清段落中的逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
【答题微点】
技巧依据
一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如however, therefore, thus, accordingly, yet, besides, still等和and, but, so, not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ...等。
图解技巧 逻辑关系法
技巧4 相似结构线索法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” __37__ Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38.__Whatever__it__is，no__matter__how__small__it__might__seem，write__it__down.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 相似结构线索法解题。下文提到“On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others”，可推断此处也应该是类似的祈使句并要求写下一些个人特质，故B项符合结构相似要求。此外，根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点”承上启下，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
【答题微点】
技巧依据
阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。
图解技巧 相似结构线索法
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2023·福州检测]It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy (激动) of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard. __1__ .
*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, “I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.” __2__ . Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
*Sort your information
__3__. It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.
* __4__
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burden. I recommend creating a Word or Google document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
* Reduce task switching
Multi tasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). __5__ . You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A．Respond positively
B．Use technology to help
C．That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D．Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E．For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F．Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”
G．This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
[答题区]
1～5 ________________
第三讲 巧用4个微技巧，稳解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
技巧1 答案：G
技巧2 答案：C
技巧3 答案：D
技巧4 答案：B
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者针对新工作带来的过多信息，给出了四点建议。
1．答案与解析：D 上文介绍了新工作所带来的压力和挑战——消化过多的信息；下文作者就如何处理大量信息提出四点建议；D选项“Here are some methods to deal with the information overload”承上启下，符合语境，选项中的“the information overload”指代上文的“lots of information”，“some methods”指下文所给出的具体的解决方法。
2．答案与解析：G 由小标题“Manage yourself (管理好你自己)”可知本段的建议是管理好自己；上文介绍了面对大量信息时，如何调整自己的心态和情绪；G选项“This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle”承接上文，说明自我对话所起到的作用，选项中的“This self talk”指代上文“Say to yourself, ‘I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.’”；下文阐述了管理好情绪的重要性；由此可知，G选项符合本段主旨和语境。故选G。
3．答案与解析：F 由下文可知句中“It”指代设空处所提到的某种存储信息的东西，结合本段最后一句“For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.”可知设空处提到是大脑，F选项符合语境，选项中的“takes in”与下文中的“keeps”和“store”表达的意义一致。故选F。
4．答案与解析：B 由下文可知作者在本段建议运用Word或Google文档来帮大脑减负；B选项“Use technology to help (利用技术来帮助)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。
5．答案与解析：E 上文阐述了同时处理多项任务的弊端；E选项针对上文所阐述的同时处理多任务的弊端提出了解决方法：专注于一项任务；下文“You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.”承接选项E，就专注于一项活动的时间进一步阐述，指出专注于一项工作时，时间不能太长，要注意休息。故选E。(共27张PPT)
第三讲 巧用4个微技巧，稳解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
实际上，“七选五”的题目选择不是个个都难，难就难在其中1～3道特别的题目上，这些题目或是因为蕴含的信息更为丰富，或是选项高度相似，或是逻辑关系相近，总让人感到很是纠结。那么，此时学生就要学会利用种种重复信息，达到抽丝剥茧的效果。
技巧1 核心词复现法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it's true. __40__ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 核心(反义)词复现法解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。空白处的“changing”提示人在不断变化，跟G选项中的“fixed”互为反义词，形成对比，意为“不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”，承上启下，符合题意。
[自主解答] ________
答案：G
【答题微点】
技巧依据
介绍段落主旨时， 常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
图解技巧 核心词复现法
技巧2 代词指代法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __39__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 代词指代法解题。本段主要讲可以请家人或朋友帮忙补充列表。根据空前的“friend or family member”可知，空后应该讲述他们的做法，C项中的“They”指代friend or family member。
[自主解答] ________
答案：C
【答题微点】
技巧依据
英语文章中代词出现的频率很高，代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词(短语)或句子，可借助这一线索准确解题。
图解技巧 代词指代法
技巧3 逻辑关系法
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江1月卷]Plan ahead. Most long distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly. __36__ But no matter when you travel，it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
A．Train trips aren't for impatient types.
B．You'll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner.
[解析] 空前的句子提供的信息是“大多数长途火车票，尤其是卧铺票，很快就会卖完”，D项“夏天旺季的时候尤其如此”符合语境。解题时，可以着重关注选项中的代词That和空后一句中的连词But，以帮助厘清段落中的逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：D
【答题微点】
技巧依据
一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如however, therefore, thus, accordingly, yet, besides, still等和and, but, so, not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ...等。
图解技巧 逻辑关系法
技巧4 相似结构线索法
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” __37__ Are you caring？Creative Generous A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38. Whatever__it__is，no__matter__how__small__it__might__seem，write__it__down.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
[解析] 相似结构线索法解题。下文提到“On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others”，可推断此处也应该是类似的祈使句并要求写下一些个人特质，故B项符合结构相似要求。此外，根据空前的“Personal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点”承上启下，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
答案：B
【答题微点】
技巧依据
阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。
图解技巧 相似结构线索法
练重点·练难点
[2023·福州检测]It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy (激动) of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard. __1__ .
*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, “I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.” __2__ . Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
*Sort your information
__3__. It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.
* __4__
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burden. I recommend creating a Word or Google document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
* Reduce task switching
Multi tasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). __5__ . You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A．Respond positively
B．Use technology to help
C．That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D．Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E．For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F．Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”
G．This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者针对新工作带来的过多信息，给出了四点建议。
1．答案与解析：D 上文介绍了新工作所带来的压力和挑战——消化过多的信息；下文作者就如何处理大量信息提出四点建议；D选项“Here are some methods to deal with the information overload”承上启下，符合语境，选项中的“the information overload”指代上文的“lots of information”，“some methods”指下文所给出的具体的解决方法。
2．答案与解析：G 由小标题“Manage yourself (管理好你自己)”可知本段的建议是管理好自己；上文介绍了面对大量信息时，如何调整自己的心态和情绪；G选项“This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle”承接上文，说明自我对话所起到的作用，选项中的“This self talk”指代上文“Say to yourself, ‘I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.’”；下文阐述了管理好情绪的重要性；由此可知，G选项符合本段主旨和语境。故选G。
3．答案与解析：F 由下文可知句中“It”指代设空处所提到的某种存储信息的东西，结合本段最后一句“For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling, and deleting it.”可知设空处提到是大脑，F选项符合语境，选项中的“takes in”与下文中的“keeps”和“store”表达的意义一致。故选F。
4．答案与解析：B 由下文可知作者在本段建议运用Word或Google文档来帮大脑减负；B选项“Use technology to help (利用技术来帮助)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。
5．答案与解析：E 上文阐述了同时处理多项任务的弊端；E选项针对上文所阐述的同时处理多任务的弊端提出了解决方法：专注于一项任务；下文“You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.”承接选项E，就专注于一项活动的时间进一步阐述，指出专注于一项工作时，时间不能太长，要注意休息。故选E。专题二 阅读七选五——先定性·再定位
阅读七选五题型实质上就是句子复位题，解答此题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先定性，再定位；先定性——即先初读文章，根据空格所处的位置及文意初步判定空格处的句子是主题句、结论句还是过渡句或细节句；再定位——即再精读文章，根据上下文语意关系和逻辑关系确定填哪一个选项。
【近3年新课标全国卷考情分析】
【题型攻略·胸有成竹】
由表及里——2步7法缩小选项范围
阅读七选五，有七个选项，每个空格就可能有七种选择，这无疑加大了解题的难度，如何缩小答案范围，把待选项范围缩小，就显得尤为重要。所以，首先要关注文章主旨大意，这往往通过标题或者预览全文即可得知；其次，需要关注文章体裁，确定文章结构(在说明文中，常见的结构为“总—分”或“总—分—总”)；然后通过以下方法，确定适当选项。
第一讲 “读、析、寻、代”，快解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 词数：254＋56 建议用时：10 minutes
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. __36__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. __37__
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. __38__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. __40__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
●
第一步 读文章，知大意
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
第二步 看衔接，找关键
36．逻辑关系
[解析] 根据前后文可知，空处应是一个过渡句。从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以“不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
38．因果关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.”可知“走出你的舒适区”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
40．逻辑关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.”可知“你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
第三步 寻线索，找复线
37．近义词复现
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结。根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以“你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆”是对前文的总结。
[自主解答] ________
39．段落主旨句
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句。根据后文可知，本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品，所以“如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品”符合文意，是本段的中心句。
[自主解答] ________
第四步 通文章，核正误
◎掌握4步法解题流程——解题求稳◎
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2023·衡水中学高三下学期一调]
The Science of Risk Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. __1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. __2__ As the quality of risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200，000 years ago, too much risk taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay in the cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3__
No matter where you are on the risk seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. __4__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
[答题区]
1～5 ________________
专题二 阅读七选五——先定性·再定位
第一讲 “读、析、寻、代”，快解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点 提升审题能力
36．答案：C
37．答案：G
38．答案：A
39．答案：D
40．答案：E
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。
1．答案与解析：F 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样。故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，故选F。
2．答案与解析：C 根据前文Risk takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。
3．答案与解析：A 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。 故选A。
4．答案与解析：E 根据前文scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。(共19张PPT)
第一讲 “读、析、寻、代”，快解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. __36__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. __37__
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 词数：254＋56 建议用时：10 minutes
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. __38__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. __40__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
●
第一步 读文章，知大意
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
第二步 看衔接，找关键
36．逻辑关系
[解析] 根据前后文可知，空处应是一个过渡句。从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以“不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
C
38．因果关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.”可知“走出你的舒适区”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
A
40．逻辑关系
[解析] 分析设空处，空处位于第二句。此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.”可知“你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
[自主解答] ________
E
第三步 寻线索，找复线
37．近义词复现
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结。根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以“你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆”是对前文的总结。
[自主解答] ________
G
39．段落主旨句
[解析] 分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句。根据后文可知，本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品，所以“如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品”符合文意，是本段的中心句。
[自主解答] ________
第四步 通文章，核正误
D
◎掌握4步法解题流程——解题求稳◎
练重点·练难点
[2023·衡水中学高三下学期一调]
The Science of Risk Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. __1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. __2__ As the quality of risk taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200，000 years ago, too much risk taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay in the cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3__
No matter where you are on the risk seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. __4__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。
1．答案与解析：F 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样。故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，故选F。
2．答案与解析：C 根据前文Risk takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。
3．答案与解析：A 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。 故选A。
4．答案与解析：E 根据前文scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。
