外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Period 2 Grammar 课件(共16张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Period 2 Grammar 课件(共16张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-19 20:09:44 | ||
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(共16张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
It as an empty subject
1
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
a But it is vital not to take any chances.
b But not to take any chances is vital.
c It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect
national boundaries.
d To remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national
boundaries is important.
1 What does “it” refer to in the sentences (a) and (c)
2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group
Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c)
instead of (b) and (d)
It refers to “not to take any chances” in sentence (a) and “to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries” in sentence (c).
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences. The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised.
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the reading passage, and summarise its uses in your own words.
(1) When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my
duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
(2) It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and
Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with.
(3) In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely
essential for us all to collaborate to create a global
community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
【语法讲解】
it作为形式主语的用法：
it作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
it作为形式主语的三种情况：
一是代表不定式，根据句子的谓语又可以分为四种类型：
（1）“be + 形容词 + 不定式”。
e.g. It is difficult to translate the book. 翻译这本书很难。
（2）“be + 名词＋不定式”。
e.g. It was her duty to clean the room. 打扫房间是她的职责。
（3）“be + 介词短语 + 不定式”。
e.g. It was against my principle to do that. 做那件事违反了我的原则。
（4）“及物动词＋宾语+不定式”。
e.g. It cost 150 yuan to buy the dress. 买这件衣服花了150元。
二是代表动名词，
（1）一般以“be + 名词”作谓语。
e.g. It is no use doing that. 做那件事没有用。
（2）也可以以“be + 形容词”作谓语。
e.g. It's pleasant sitting here. 在这里坐着很愉快。
三是代表从句，具体又可以分为四种类型：
（1）“it + be + 形容词 + 从句”。
e.g. It is natural that she knows everything about it.
她对这件事了如指掌，这是很自然的。
（2）“it + be + 名词 + 从句”。
e.g. It is a question how he did it. 问题是他是怎么做到的。
（3）“it + 动词的被动语态 + 从句”。
e.g. It is not decided who will take over the company.
谁将接管这家公司还没有决定。
（4）“it + be / 其他系动词 + that从句”。
e.g. It may be / seems that he views the issue from a different
perspective. 他可能/似乎从不同的角度看待这个问题。
it 作为形式主语时的一些常见句型：
1）It is clear / obvious / true / possible / certain /... that...
e.g. It is obvious that he's late. 很明显他迟到了。
2）It is important / necessary / right / strange / natural /... that... (should) do...
e.g. It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.
你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
3）It is said / reported / learnt /... that...
e.g. It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
4）It is suggested / ordered / required /... that... (should) do...
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 人们建议推迟会议。
5）It is a pity / shame /... that...
e.g. It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
6）It happens / seems / looks / appears /... that...
e.g. It happens that I know him. 碰巧我认识他。
7）It doesn't matter whether / if...
e.g. It doesn't matter if you miss the bus, because there's another one 15
minutes later. 你错过了这趟公交车也没关系，15 分钟后还有一趟。
8）It looks / seems as if...
e.g. It looks as if he is wrong. 看起来像是他错了。
9）It takes... (some time) to do...
e.g. It took us three hours to get there. 去那里要花费我们三个小时。
10）It is + 形容词 + (of sb.) + to do...
e.g. It is kind of you to think so much of us.
你为我们考虑那么多，你真是太好了。
2
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
According to the “2017 Hollywood Diversity Report”, to get roles in American film and television is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities. This is another small but important advance against gender and racial discrimination.
The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015, and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors. In more good news, to write and direct Hollywood films is more common than before for women.
The bad news is that there is still a long way to go. Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors. Asian American actors, in particular, still face problems. Even now, to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios. But at least the report shows that things are moving slowly in the right direction.
Answers:
1 It is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get
roles in American film and television.
2 It is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a
leading actor in Hollywood.
3 It is more common than before for women to write and direct
Hollywood films.
4 It is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as
Asian characters.
3
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
Beijing
not a surprising thing / students see different skin colours in
the same class
possible / people hear many different languages and dialects
easy / people find products from all over the world
not difficult / foreigners settle down and find a job
a common thing / people from different countries work in
the same company
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see...
Sample:
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.
4
Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate. Do online research if necessary.
Toronto
Shanghai
London
Sydney
Sample:
Shanghai is an international metropolis and is the financial centre of China. It is common to find so many banks and institutions there. Shanghai has the food culture of all countries, and it is not difficult for people to find delicious food from all over the world. If you travel to Shanghai, you will be attracted by the people and places of interest.
1. Talk about the use of it as an empty subject.
2. Make some sentences with it as an empty subject.
Unit 4
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
It as an empty subject
1
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
a But it is vital not to take any chances.
b But not to take any chances is vital.
c It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect
national boundaries.
d To remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national
boundaries is important.
1 What does “it” refer to in the sentences (a) and (c)
2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group
Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c)
instead of (b) and (d)
It refers to “not to take any chances” in sentence (a) and “to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries” in sentence (c).
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences. The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised.
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the reading passage, and summarise its uses in your own words.
(1) When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my
duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
(2) It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and
Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with.
(3) In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely
essential for us all to collaborate to create a global
community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
【语法讲解】
it作为形式主语的用法：
it作为形式主语，所代替的是句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
it作为形式主语的三种情况：
一是代表不定式，根据句子的谓语又可以分为四种类型：
（1）“be + 形容词 + 不定式”。
e.g. It is difficult to translate the book. 翻译这本书很难。
（2）“be + 名词＋不定式”。
e.g. It was her duty to clean the room. 打扫房间是她的职责。
（3）“be + 介词短语 + 不定式”。
e.g. It was against my principle to do that. 做那件事违反了我的原则。
（4）“及物动词＋宾语+不定式”。
e.g. It cost 150 yuan to buy the dress. 买这件衣服花了150元。
二是代表动名词，
（1）一般以“be + 名词”作谓语。
e.g. It is no use doing that. 做那件事没有用。
（2）也可以以“be + 形容词”作谓语。
e.g. It's pleasant sitting here. 在这里坐着很愉快。
三是代表从句，具体又可以分为四种类型：
（1）“it + be + 形容词 + 从句”。
e.g. It is natural that she knows everything about it.
她对这件事了如指掌，这是很自然的。
（2）“it + be + 名词 + 从句”。
e.g. It is a question how he did it. 问题是他是怎么做到的。
（3）“it + 动词的被动语态 + 从句”。
e.g. It is not decided who will take over the company.
谁将接管这家公司还没有决定。
（4）“it + be / 其他系动词 + that从句”。
e.g. It may be / seems that he views the issue from a different
perspective. 他可能/似乎从不同的角度看待这个问题。
it 作为形式主语时的一些常见句型：
1）It is clear / obvious / true / possible / certain /... that...
e.g. It is obvious that he's late. 很明显他迟到了。
2）It is important / necessary / right / strange / natural /... that... (should) do...
e.g. It is necessary that you do enough exercises before the race.
你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
3）It is said / reported / learnt /... that...
e.g. It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
4）It is suggested / ordered / required /... that... (should) do...
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 人们建议推迟会议。
5）It is a pity / shame /... that...
e.g. It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
6）It happens / seems / looks / appears /... that...
e.g. It happens that I know him. 碰巧我认识他。
7）It doesn't matter whether / if...
e.g. It doesn't matter if you miss the bus, because there's another one 15
minutes later. 你错过了这趟公交车也没关系，15 分钟后还有一趟。
8）It looks / seems as if...
e.g. It looks as if he is wrong. 看起来像是他错了。
9）It takes... (some time) to do...
e.g. It took us three hours to get there. 去那里要花费我们三个小时。
10）It is + 形容词 + (of sb.) + to do...
e.g. It is kind of you to think so much of us.
你为我们考虑那么多，你真是太好了。
2
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
According to the “2017 Hollywood Diversity Report”, to get roles in American film and television is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities. This is another small but important advance against gender and racial discrimination.
The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015, and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors. In more good news, to write and direct Hollywood films is more common than before for women.
The bad news is that there is still a long way to go. Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors. Asian American actors, in particular, still face problems. Even now, to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios. But at least the report shows that things are moving slowly in the right direction.
Answers:
1 It is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get
roles in American film and television.
2 It is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a
leading actor in Hollywood.
3 It is more common than before for women to write and direct
Hollywood films.
4 It is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as
Asian characters.
3
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
Beijing
not a surprising thing / students see different skin colours in
the same class
possible / people hear many different languages and dialects
easy / people find products from all over the world
not difficult / foreigners settle down and find a job
a common thing / people from different countries work in
the same company
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see...
Sample:
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.
4
Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate. Do online research if necessary.
Toronto
Shanghai
London
Sydney
Sample:
Shanghai is an international metropolis and is the financial centre of China. It is common to find so many banks and institutions there. Shanghai has the food culture of all countries, and it is not difficult for people to find delicious food from all over the world. If you travel to Shanghai, you will be attracted by the people and places of interest.
1. Talk about the use of it as an empty subject.
2. Make some sentences with it as an empty subject.