(共37张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Are humans part of Earth's ecosystems Why
2 In what ways can humans affect ecosystems
1
Starting out
1 Are humans part of Earth's ecosystems Why
2 In what ways can humans affect ecosystems
Yes. Humans are part of Earth's ecosystems. Because all the living things live in ecosystems and people are living things.
Humans can affect ecosystems in positive and negative ways. For example, to have a positive influence on ecosystems, people can plant trees, feed and protect animals, recycle things, etc. However, deforestation, air and water pollution and excessive waste affect ecosystems in a negative way.
2 What do you think a later satellite image
would show
3 What do you think caused these changes
Look at the satellite images and answer the questions.
2
1 What is happening to the area according
to the satellite images
Aral Sea is becoming smaller and smaller /shrinking.
The water area will be smaller.
Maybe it's due to over exploitation.
1
Look at the picture and answer the questions.
Understanding ideas
1 What animals can you see in the picture
2 What kind of changes would take place
if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced
to an environment like this
Penguins and a bird.
They would hunt the birds and eat the native vegetation, thus upsetting the local ecological balance.
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
1 I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica. Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
2 But the island's more recent history tells a different story. It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
3 Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best - they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
4 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The cats in consequence turned their attention - and their stomachs - back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
5 But as the saying goes,“While the cat's away, the mice will play." With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
6 So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in - with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Postscript: In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest-free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
Non-native species introduced to Macquarie Island attacked native birds, and led to a substantial reduction of bird population and even the extinction of parakeets. In addition, non-native species ate and devastated the native vegetation. All of this played a part in upsetting the natural harmony of the island. But now the island's ecology is on the road to recovery with human efforts.
Skimming
2
Read the passage and find out what happened to Macquarie Island.
Look through the passage, divide it into parts, and get the main idea of each part.
Part 1 Para. 1 The location and natural characteristics
of Macquarie Island
Part 2 Para. 2 - Para. 5 The tragedy story of Macquarie Island
Part 3 Para. 6 What the author is doing now to
Macquarie Island
Scanning
Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.
3
Careful reading
1 To analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction.
2 To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island
by humans.
3 To entertain readers with a funny story about what happened on
Macquarie Island.
4 To suggest ways in which an ecosystem can be protected.
Organise information from the passage and complete the flow chart.
4
Answers:
ACTION(S)
Cats were brought to the island.
Rabbits were introduced to the island.
A virus was released onto the island.
Traps and dogs were used.
Poison and dogs were used.
PURPOSE(S)
To provide food for humans.
To remove all the rabbits from the island.
To catch the cats.
To remove all the remaining invading species.
→
→
→
→
RESULT(S)
they took over the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds
The cats developed an appetite for the birds.
the exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats. This led to more cats hunting the birds. As a result, parakeets died out in 1891.
Substantial reduction of rabbit population led to cats killing more native birds.
The departure of the cats resulted in an increasing population of rats and mice. And the rabbit population exploded once again.
The island was pest-free and its ecology is on the road to recovery.
→
→
→
→
→
→
Now talk about how human interference led to such severe consequences for Macquarie Island.
1. In 1810, human arrived on the island. However, rats and mice were brought there by accident, and they took over the island, eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.
2. Then, cats were brought to the island. But the cats developed an appetite for the birds.
3. Rabbits were introduced to the island. Rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided food for the cats. This led to more cats hunting the birds. As a result, parakeets died out in 1891.
4. A virus was released onto the island to remove all the rabbits from the island. Substantial reduction of rabbit population led to cats killing more native birds.
5. Traps and dogs were brought to the island to catch the cats. The departure of cats resulted in an increasing population of rats and mice. And the rabbit population exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins.
1 What is your understanding of “... we humans owe it to the island to give
it a happy ending”
2 Do you think it was right to eradicate the “pests” from Macquarie Island
Give your reasons.
3 How could similar situations be avoided in the future
4 What language can you use to talk about cause and effect How would
you apply it to your reading and writing
Think & Share
1 What is your understanding of “... we humans owe it to the island to give
it a happy ending”
2 Do you think it was right to eradicate the “pests” from Macquarie Island
Give your reasons.
3 How could similar situations be avoided in the future
4 What language can you use to talk about cause and effect How would
you apply it to your reading and writing
Yes. The “pests” in the sentence refers to the invading species. To restore the ecological balance, it was obvious that humans must eradicate the “pests”.
It was humans that brought invading species to the island, breaking the balance of the island’s nature. So it is our duty to help it return to normal.
To avoid similar situations in the future, we should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.
1. MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
麦夸里岛：从混乱到保护
chaos n. [U] 大混乱；紊乱
cause chaos 导致混乱
in chaos 处于混乱之中
economic/political/domestic chaos 经济/政治/国内的混乱
chaotic adj. 混乱的；混沌的
Language points
2. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically,
giving it a wild and natural beauty. 绿色的草地和光秃秃的岩石
景观形成了鲜明的对比，赋予了它一种野性和自然的美。
“giving ... beauty”为现在分词短语作结果状语。
3. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. 没有游客会对该岛被联合国教科文组织
列为世界遗产感到惊讶。
本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。
4. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
(1) nor为否定词，可以用在一个否定句之后来引出另一个相关的否定句，
在这种情况下，它所引导的句子需要用倒装语序，常用结构为：
“nor+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+其他成分。
e.g. He didn't quit his job, nor was he fired. 他没有辞职，也没有被解雇。
(2) fail to do sth.意为“未能做成某事”，表示否定概念，
和否定词连用时表示肯定概念。
e.g. The great bridge cannot fail to stop you in your tracks.
这座宏伟的大桥一定会让你止步观赏。
拓展：fail in sth./doing sth. 做某事失败；没能做到某事
e.g. He failed in persuading her to go there with him.
他没能说服她和自己一起去。
(3) how引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。
5. It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.
这个悲惨的故事始于1810年人类来到岛上。
本句中的It指的是前面的a different story。that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a tragic story；该定语从句中包含一个when引导的定语从句，修饰1810，when在此定语从句中作时间状语。
6. These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds' eggs
and attacking baby birds.
这些小动物很快占领了岛屿，吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。
此处的“eating the birds' eggs”和“attacking baby birds”是and连接的
两个并列的v. ing短语，在句中作伴随状语。
7. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.
猫被带到岛上来控制老鼠。
“to control the rats and mice” 为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
8. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the
birds, too. 不幸的是，这些猫后来也对这些鸟产生了食欲。
appetite n. [U·C, usually sing] 食欲，胃口 [c] 强烈欲望
develop an appetite for... 对……产生食欲
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
have an appetite for... 渴望……(appetite前可用形容词修饰)
9. Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for
humans. 与此同时，兔子被引入岛上作为人类的食物来源。
introduce...to/into... 把……引入……
introduce... to sb. 向某人介绍……
introduce oneself 自我介绍
introduction n. 介绍；引进；序言
10. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best - they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. 放任其在岛上的情况下，它们做了兔子最擅长的事情——它们迅速繁殖，并开始吃当地的植被和挖洞，这导致了土壤侵蚀。
what引导宾语从句；破折号后解释的是what rabbits do best的内容。
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
11. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. 兔子数量的激增为猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也在增加。
“meaning ... increased”为现在分词结构作结果状语；
that引导宾语从句。
12. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
这反过来又导致更多的猫捕猎这些鸟。
in turn 反过来；继而，转而；轮流，依次
lead to 导致；通向
e.g. Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.
增加生产会继而增加利润。
13. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891. 最终的结果是，曾经数量庞大、原产于该岛的长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝了。
(1) “that parakeets.... in 1891”为that引导的表语从句。
(2) (be) native to 原产自……
e.g. These elephants are native to Africa. 这些大象原产于非洲。
(3) die out 消亡；灭绝
e.g. How did the dinosaurs die out 恐龙是如何灭绝的？
14. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control. 即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然无法控制。
(1) after引导时间状语从句。
(2) out of control 失去控制
e.g. Prices are spiralling out of control. 物价飞涨，失去控制。
15. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits
from the island.
专家们认为有必要制定一个计划，把所有的兔子从岛上赶走。 “felt it necessary”构成动词+it (“it”作形式宾语)+ adj(作宾语补足语)，“to come up with a plan” 不定式短语为真正宾语后置；“to remove all the rabbits from the island”为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a plan。
16. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island.
怀着这个目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。
此处属于with复合结构，介词短语in mind作宾补，该结构在句中作状语。
17. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from
130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats.
但是，尽管病毒导致兔子数量从13万只下降到大约1万只，这也
意味着猫的食物减少了。
(1) although引导让步状语从句。
(2) decrease v.（使）变小，（使）减少 n. 减少，减少的量
decrease by... 减少了……（表示减少的量）
decrease (from.…) to… (从……)减少到……（表示减少后的量）
decrease in... 在……方面减少
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少
联想拓展：increase v. & n. 增加，增长
increase to... 增加到……（表示增加的结果）
increase by... 增加了……（表示增加的幅度）
increase in... 在……方面增加
on the increase 在增加
18. The cats in consequence turned their attention - and their stomachs - back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year.
结果，这些猫把注意力——以及它们的胃——转移到了本土鸟类身上，每年杀死多达6万只鸟。
(1) in consequence 结果；因此
e.g. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase
substantially. 因此，Aroca City 的零售额必然会大幅增长。
(2) “killing ... year”为现在分词短语作结果状语。
19. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. 20世纪80年代，人们用陷阱和狗来抓猫。
trap n. 夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境
vt. (trapped, trapped) 困住；使陷入圈套
be trapped in 被困在……；陷入……中
=be caught in=be stuck in
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
lay/set a trap (for sb./sth.) (给某人某物)设下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
20. But as the saying goes,“While the cat's away, the mice will play."
但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。
as引导非限制性定语从句。
21. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits
还记得那一万只左右的兔子吗？
or so 大约，左右
e.g. We wandered about the town for an hour or so.
我们在城里到处游逛了一个小时左右。
22. It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
事实证明，它们对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。
(1) 本句为主从复合句。其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。
(2) turn out 结果是，证明是；（大量）出席，参加；制造，生产
turn out (to be)... 结果（是）……
It turns out that... 结果……
23. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. 这件事清楚地表明，老鼠和兔子的问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
(1) 本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。
(2) sth. need(s) doing 某事需要被做=sth. need(s) to be done
e.g. Your bicycle needs repairing. 你的脚踏车需要修理。
(3) once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
e.g. We have to resolve this matter once and for all.
我们必须彻底解决这一问题。
24. The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in - with my dogs. 下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
本句为and连接的并列复合句。在前面的分句中，动词不定式短语
“to remove...species”作表语，后面的分句中，where引导表语从句。
25. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. 它们受过训练，能在不伤害本土动物的前提下，找到所有剩余的入侵物种。
(1) every last与every single同义，比every的语气更强烈，相当于all。
e.g. He captured every last detail. 他抓住了每一个细节。
(2) one在此替代前面一句所说的“the last remaining invading species”
26. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
(1) owe v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠（债、情、情），
归功于，归因于
owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物，将某事归功于某人
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe it to sb. that. 把……归功于某人
owe it to sb. to do sth.（认为）应该为某人做某事
owing to 因为，由于
(2) it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to give it a happy ending。
Retelling MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
Part 1 Para. 1 The location and natural characteristics
of Macquarie Island
Part 2 Para. 2 - Para. 5 The tragedy story of Macquarie Island
Part 3 Para. 6 What the author is doing now to
Macquarie Island(共15张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
What do you know about this picture
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the passage and answer the questions.
If you haven’t already heard of Fanjing Mountain, you soon will! A “must” for anyone visiting Guizhou Province, Fanjing Mountain has now been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List, bringing the total number of UNESCO sites in China to 53. The main reason for its inclusion is its biological diversity, with approximately 50 endangered plant and animal species found in its protected area. One of the first national natural reserves in China, Fanjing Mountain represents one of the country’s greatest achievements in environmental protection. It is also renowned for its breathtaking scenery as a summer resort.
1. Where is Fanjing Mountain Why is it significant
2. Why was Fanjing Mountain selected for inclusion in the UNESCO
World Heritage List
1. Where is Fanjing Mountain Why is it significant
Fanjing Mountain is located in Guizhou Province. It is significant because it represents one of the country’s great achievements in environmental protection.
2. Why was Fanjing Mountain selected for inclusion in the
UNESCO World Heritage List
The main reason for its inclusion is its biological diversity, with approximately 50 endangered plant and animal species within its protected area.
What is a lecture
The lecture is one of the oldest teaching methods, and is still widely used today. A typical lecture often starts with addressing the topic directly. Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas. Both verbal and visual information is used in order to maintain the audience’s interest.The end of a lecture is often followed by a short question-and-answer session.
How can we write a lecture
Greet the audience.
Opening
Body
Conclusion
Introduce the topic.
Reason for selection.
Summarize your lecture.
Q&A
Interact with the audience.
Other information.
2
Complete the outline to organise your lecture draft based on the information. Do online research if necessary.
Opening
1) greeting
2) introduction to the topic:
_______________________________________________________
Reason for selection:
_______________________________________________________
Other information:
1)_____________________________________________________
2)_____________________________________________________
Conclusion:
_______________________________________________________
Q & A
Now draft your lecture about Fanjing Mountain.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s lecture drafts and share them with the class.
Sample:
The Wonders of Fanjing Mountain
Good afternoon, everyone! I’m very happy to be here to give a short lecture.
Have you ever heard of Fanjing Mountain Or have you ever visited it If you haven’t, you soon will! Fanjing Mountain lies in Tongren, Guizhou Province with an elevation of about 2,570 metres. It is the highest peak of the Wuling Mountain range in south-west China. Fanjing Mountain was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2018.
The Fanjingshan Nature Reserve was established in 1978 and represents one of the country’s greatest achievements in environmental protection. The rich biodiversity of the Wuling Mountain range is the principal reason for
Fanjing Mountain’s inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage prising the largest subtropical primeval beech forest, the region is home to 2,000 species of plants, such as the endangered Chinese dove tree. Endangered animal species that can be found on Fanjing Mountain and its surrounding mountain range include the Chinese giant salamander, forest musk deer and grey snub-nosed monkey.
Fanjing Mountain is of course also renowned for the breathtaking views from its summit - or, more accurately “summits”, as there are three of these! And when night falls leaving this magnificent scenery in darkness, the Mushroom Stone, one of the many strange rock formations, is illuminated so that visitors can still marvel at the wonders of Fanjing Mountain.
All explains why Fanjing Mountain earned its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Thank you for your listening! Now, does anyone have any questions
Now think about how well you understood the features of a lecture, and what you should pay attention to when drafting a lecture.
4
Read the quote and answer the questions.
1 What is your understanding of “clear waters
and lush mountains” and “gold and silver”
“Clear Waters and Lush Mountains” refers to our natural environments and “Gold and Silver” refers to invaluable assets.
2 What message is conveyed by the quote
The quote conveys that natural environments are also invaluable assets and we should make every effort to protect them.
5
Work in groups. Talk about your understanding of the quote. Find example(s) that can prove it and make notes.
My understanding:
My example(s):
Conclusion:
6
Prepare a short speech. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your speech
2 useful words, expressions and structures
7
Give your speech to the class. Vote for the best speech.
1. How can we write a lecture
2. Talk about some quotes about environment protection.(共13张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
It as an empty object
1
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
a No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
b No visitor would think that island being a UNESCO
World Heritage Site is surprising.
c Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to
remove all the rabbits from the island.
d Experts felt to come up with a plan to remove all the
rabbits from the island was necessary.
1 What does “it” refer to in the sentences (a) and (c)
“It” in sentence (a) refers to “the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site”. “It” in sentence (c) refers to “to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island”
2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group
When the object of a sentence is a that-clause (b) or an infinitive (d), we sometimes use “it” as an empty object and put the real object later to keep balance. For example, sentence (a) uses “it” as the empty object of “think”, referring to the real object: “the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site”. Sentence (b) uses that-clause as the object of “think”.
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the reading passage, and summarise its uses in your own words.
1) This incident made it clear that rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
2) This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
【语法讲解】
it作为形式宾语的用法：
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用it作为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句子后部去。
it作为形式宾语的两种情况：
一是代表不定式。
e.g. I don't feel it difficult to understand the passage.
我觉得理解这篇文章不难。。
二是代表连接代词或副词引导的从句或动名词，
e.g. He hasn't made it clear when he is coming.
他还没有说清楚他什么时候来。
it 作为形式宾语时的几种特殊情况：
1）动词 + it + that从句，常见于take，have，put等动词之后。
e.g. I take it that he will finish the task by himself.
我认为他能自己完成这项任务。
2）动词 + it + when/if从句，常见于 appreciate，enjoy，like，
prefer 等动词之后。
e.g. We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour.
如果您能帮助我，我们会很感激。
3）动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb.，
take it for granted 等结构中。
e.g. We owe it to you that we are still alive.
多有你，我们现在才仍然活着。
4）动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to，depend on，
insist on，stick to，answer for 等结构中。
e.g. She insisted on it that she was innocent.
她坚持说自己是无辜的。
5）动词 + it + 过去分词 + 从句。
e.g. He made it known to everyone that he was right.
他让个人都明白他是对的。
2
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty object.
The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native to the Southern United States and Northern Mexico. Due to its cute appearance, many people think keeping this turtle as a pet is a good idea. Recent years have seen more and more pet sliders escaping or being released from homes, and some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue.
These days, people have found to release these turtles into the wild is a threat to other species. Experts consider owners keeping their pets in an enclosed area important, and anyone unable to keep their pets should take them to an appropriate animal shelter.
Answers:
1 many people think it a good idea to keep this turtle as a pet
2 believe it no big issue to release them into the wild
3 people have found it a threat to other species to release these
turtles into the wild
4 Experts consider it important for owners to keep their pets in
an enclosed area
3
Look at the pictures of the Saihanba National Forest Park and describe its changes using it as an empty object where appropriate. You may refer to the words and expressions in the table for help.
nouns/adjectives to do/that
breakthrough impossible likely unrealistic … grow
investigate
plant trees
transform
…
I think it a breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest...
Sample:
I find it impossible to investigate all the living species in the park at present.
I believe it likely that more volunteers will help plant more trees around the park.
I feel it unrealistic for the local people to grow rice and wheat for grain industry.
4
Describe how a place you know has changed using it as an empty object where appropriate.
1. Talk about the use of it as an empty object.
2. Make some sentences with it as an empty object.(共13张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
What's your understanding of the food chain
课 堂 学 习
1
Look at the diagram and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
1 What does the diagram show
2 What are the relationships
between the living things
1 What does the diagram show
The diagram shows a food chain - the connection between the living things.
2 What are the relationships between the living things
The living things are closely connected with each other by the food they eat. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers, primary consumers feed on producers, and producers absorb light from the sun, and water and dissolved nutrients from the soil, which are provided by decomposers.
2
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions.
absorb, dissolved nutrients, rely on, provide energy,
feed on, prey on, break down, released
In a woodland ecosystem, trees and other plants are producers. They 1____________ water and take in nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun. Insects are an example of a primary consumer. They 2____________ the producers to provide food for them, and are 3____________ by secondary consumers: small mammals and birds. They 4____________ the primary consumers. Worms, fungi and bacteria are decomposers. They 5____________ animal waste and the remains of living things. The chemicals these decomposers 6____________ fertilise the soil and give the plants the nutrients they need to grow.
absorb
rely on
fed on
prey on
break down
release
One of the oldest species in the ecosystem, the honey bee
has been in existence for millions of years.
A honey bee can fly as fast as 24 kilometres per hour and
its wings can beat 200 times per second.
In just one journey to collect pollen and nectar, one single
honey bee can pollinate as many as 50 to 100 flowers.
Did You Know
3
Listen to the conversation and choose the true statements.
1. Bees are very important to our food supply because they provide honey.
2. The bee population is declining.
3. Without bees, humans would die out.
4. All human crops depend on bees for pollination.
5. If bees became extinct, other insects could pollinate enough crops.
6. Humans are responsible for the decline in the bee population.
4
Listen again and complete the flow chart.
A combination of things damages bee habitats, mainly 1_____________.
The bee population is 2_____________. According to statistics, bee numbers in the US 3_____________ in just one year.
Without bees, crops would 4_____________.
5_____________ would not be able to compensate for the loss of bees, because 6_____________ of the species of crops.
Animals that live on the crops 7_____________.
Humans have nothing to eat and die out.
↓
Answers:
1. pesticides and climate change
2. declining very quickly
3. have fallen by 17%
4. be unable to reproduce
5. Other insects
6. bees are responsible for pollinating about 70%
7. would die out
5
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
You must be kidding! I don't believe it!
It's a fact! Don't forget that...
Are you sure about... Check it out for yourself...
According to statistics...
Responding to doubt
Expressing doubt
You must be kidding! I don't believe it!
Are you sure about...
It's a fact! Don't forget that...
Check it out for yourself... According to statistics...
6
Work in pairs. Talk about what would happen to the ecosystem if another species died out. Use the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about how your knowledge helped you contribute to the discussion.
Example:
Developing: I can use some useful words and expressions, and
give some rough ideas during the discussion.
Satisfactory: I can use correct words, expressions and
complete sentences to clearly show my ideas
during the discussion.
Exemplary: I can use a clear structure with proper words and
expressions to show my ideas in a logical way
during the discussion.
1. Talk about some expressions about expressing doubt,
and responding to doubt.
2. Talk about the food chain in a ecosystem.(共33张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
What do you know about Shennongjia
课 堂 学 习
1
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Where is Shennongjia and what is it famous for
2 What else do you know about Shennongjia
1 Where is Shennongjia and what is it famous for
2 What else do you know about Shennongjia
Shennongjia lies in the north-west of Hubei Province and is famous for its beauty and diversity.
In 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
2
Look at the title of the passage and think about what it means.
WHY SHENNONGJIA
1 Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
2 As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, after whom the park is named Or is it the mysterious creature called "Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
Now read the passage and check your answer.
3 UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
4 For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most "complete" natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the "Roof of Central China". The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. This allows a wide variety of species to thrive. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as living fossils.
5 For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3,000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral richness. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species, including the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard. Additionally, around 4,300 insect species have been recorded.
6 It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey's population has doubled since the 1980s. Their number reached over 1,300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
7 But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses to attract these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the ways in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
8 All of this explains why Shennongjia earned - and deserves - its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
9 Thank you for listening. Now, does anyone have any questions
Read the passage and check out what the title means.
The title raises a question: Why did Shennongjia make it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List
Work in groups. Make the mind map for the lecture.
Learning to learn
The lecture is one of the oldest teaching methods, and is still widely used today. A typical lecture often starts with addressing the topic directly. Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas. Both verbal and visual information is used in order to maintain the audience’s interest.The end of a lecture is often followed by a short question-and-answer session.
3
Read the sentences from the passage and decide if they serve to give data (D), examples (E) or make comparisons (C).
1. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above
sea level. __________
2. ... over 3,000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents
more than ten per cent of China’s total floral richness. __________
3. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species, including the
Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard. __________
4. In winter, scientists brave heavy snowed and freezing temperatures to
supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. __________
5. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of
foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the
local people for centuries. __________
D
D
D
E
C
Think Share
1 What roles do the questions in Paragraph 2 play
2 According to the passage, what has been done to protect
the ecology of Shennongjia
3 Which part of Shennongjia interests you most Why
1 What roles do the questions in Paragraph 2 play
2 According to the passage, what has been done to protect the ecology
of Shennongjia
3 Which part of Shennongjia interests you most Why
The questions in Paragraph 2 serve to introduce the topic and attract the audience.
To protect the ecology of Shennongjia, scientists make every effort to look after the species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. More importantly, the local people live in harmony with nature. They take things from nature without damaging it.
What interests me most is that Shennongjia has so many species and has a long history. It is said that Emperor Yan, Shennong taught the first people living here how to build houses, find herbs, and farm the land, so the area is called Shennongjia.
4
Work in groups. Give a talk comparing Macquarie Island and Shennongjia.
1 Think about the similarities and differences between Macquarie
Island and Shennongjia and make notes.
2 Decide what conclusions you can draw from comparing the two
places and what you would like to include in your talk.
3 Give your talk to the class.
Similarities: Differences:
Both have unique animals. Macquarie is an island, while
Shennongjia is a mountainous area.
Similarities:
Both have unique animals.
Both have wild and natural beauty.
Both are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Differences:
Macquarie is an island, while Shennongjia is a mountainous area.
Macquarie Island was once in chaos due to the introduction of non-native species, while Shennongjia has always been in natural harmony.
The native species of Macquarie Island existed for thousands of years, while some of the plants and animals in Shennongjia have survived over millions of years.
Shennongjia has more varied species of plants and animals than Macquarie Island.
Now think about how effectively you used the language you have learnt to talk about the similarities and differences.
Language points
1. WHY SHENNONGJIA
为什么是神农架？
Why sb. / sth. 通常用于询问为什么某人或某事被选中，即
why a particular person or thing has been chosen for / to do sth.。
e.g. Why me Why can't someone else drive you home
为什么是我？为什么别人不能开车送你回家？
作者用这样的标题提出疑问，目的是唤起听众的好奇心，
吸引听众进一步去了解神农架的独特之处。
2. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很高兴代表“与自然融为一体”协会在这里发表演讲。
(1) It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to give...作真正的主语。
(2) on behalf of 代表
e.g. On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表本部门感谢大家。
3. As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. 众所周知，2016年，神农架正式入选联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。
(1) 此处是As引导的非限制性定语从句，意为“众所周知”。
(2) make it 获得成功或达到
e.g. He looks less likely to make it to the final.
他看起来不太可能进入决赛。
4. Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas
是因为那像绿色大海一样绵延不绝的森林吗？
(1) that在此引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰先行词its forests。
(2) stretch on 延长，踮起，拉伸
e.g. Lay your baby next to you while you stretch on the floor.
把你的宝宝在你身边当你在地板上伸展。
5. Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, after
whom the park is named
是因为它那座公园是以传说中的中草药之父神农命名的吗？
(1) after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Shennong。
(2) name... after... 以……的名字命名…… be named after 以……命名
e.g. It was named after its inventor. 它以它的发明者命名。
6. Or is it the mysterious creature called "Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
或者是被称为“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的想象力？
本句为强调句型，强调 the mysterious creature called “Yeren”
(wild man)；过去分词短语called “Yeren” (wild man)作后置定语，
修饰the mysterious creature。
7. UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. 联合国教科文组织授予神农架这一地位，因为它符合该名单所要求的两个标准。
because 引导原因状语从句；过去分词短语required by the list作后置定语，修饰two criteria。
8. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper.
它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁衍。
that引导定语从句，修饰a naturally-balanced environment。
9. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物
发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
本句是主从复合句。where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词one of the rare locations，该定语从句中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the ecological and biological processes。在that引导的定语从句中，又包含了一个as引导的时间状语从句。
10. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the "Roof of Central China".
该地区海拔从400米左右上升到3000米以上，被称为“华中屋脊”。
“giving ... China”现在分词短语作结果状语。
11. The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions.
海拔高度的巨大范围导致了气候的巨大差异。
result in 导致；引起
result from 起因于，由……造成
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 由于，作为……的结果
12. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and
are regarded as living fossils.
一些动植物已经存活了数百万年，被认为是活化石。
be regarded as 被视作；被认为 regard ... as ... 视……为……
e.g. The singer is regarded as a representative of the youth of her
generation. 这位歌手被看作是她那一代年轻人的典型代表。
13. For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. 就第二个标准而言，我们可以看到，神农架有着令人难以置信的生物多样性。
that引导宾语从句。
14. It is a challenge to look after so many species.
照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。
It作形式主语，动词不定式短语“to ... species作真正的主语。
15. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey.
冬天，科学家不畏大雪和严寒为金丝猴提供食物。
(1) brave在这里用作动词，意为“勇于置身（恶劣或危险的
环境），是较书面化的用法。
e.g. Hundreds of fans braved rush-hour traffic to see the concert.
成百上千的粉丝不顾交通高峰期的拥挤去看演唱会。
(2) “to supply ... Monkey”动词不定式短语作目的状语。
(3) supply vt. 供应，提供 n.[C] 供应（量），供给（量）；
（常用复数）日用品，补给品
supply sb./sth. with sth.
=supply sth. to sb./sth. 为某人/某物提供某物
the water/gas supply 水/煤气供应
16. But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who
take things from nature without causing damage. 但神农架最令人印象
深刻的是当地人，他们从自然中获取东西而不造成破坏。
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the local people。
17. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey.
我参观了当地一个以自制蜂蜜闻名的村庄。
which引导定语从句，修饰a local village。
18. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.
这种蜂蜜的特别之处在于，它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂生产的。
What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
19. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. 虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
(1) 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，可以省略状语从句的主语，如果从句的谓语动词是主动状态就用现在分词形式，如果是被动语态就用过去分词的形式。
e.g. If seen from this position, the picture looks rather good.
从这个位置上看那张照片，它真的不错。
(2) coexist常和with搭配使用，意为“共存，共生”。
e.g. The question is no longer how to remove wolves but how to coexist
with them. 现在的问题不再是如何除掉狼，而是如何与狼共存。
20. By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return.
通过为蜜蜂提供一个安全的家，村民们收集了他们的蜂蜜作为回报。
(1) by doing sth. 通过做某事
e.g. You can reset the computer by pressing this button.
你可以按这个按钮来重设电脑。
(2) in return 作为回报/报答 in return for ...作为对……的回报/报答
e.g. We learn both how to love and how to be loved in return.
我们学会爱别人，也学会如何接受别人回馈的爱。
21. This is just one of the ways in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature. 这只是神农架人与自然和谐相处的方式之一。
in which 引导定语从句，修饰one of the ways。
22. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned - and deserves - its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
所有这些都解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，同时也突出了理解、意识和努力工作是如何为保护我们自然世界中一个独特而美好的部分做出贡献的。
why引导宾语从句。
Retelling WHY SHENNONGJIA
