(共14张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
What lessons do you know from nature
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the story and answer the questions.
The Meaning of Struggle
One day, a man found the pupa of a butterfly. Seeing an opening in the pupa, he realised that the butterfly was ready to emerge. So he sat down and watched as the butterfly struggled to force its body through the little hole. However, minutes passed and the butterfly still couldn’t get out. The struggle was too hard for its weak body. The man then kindly enlarged the hole in the pupa so that the butterfly could finally break free. But instead of flying away, it just dragged itself around weakly, then died. The struggle to break out of the pupa was necessary for the butterfly's survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong. Without the struggle, it was too weak to live.
In the same way, we need struggle to grow strong and survive. We must go through some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
1 What does a butterfly do to get out of its pupa
The butterfly struggles to force its body through the little hole.
2 Why did the man think he needed to help the butterfly
Because the butterfly couldn’t get out. The struggle seemed too hard for its weak body.
3 What happened to the butterfly after the man enlarged the hole in the pupa
The butterfly dragged itself around weakly, and then died.
4 What is the lesson behind this story What else can you learn from it
We need struggle to grow strong and survive.
content of the passage
Paragraph 1
the story of nature
Paragraph 2
the lesson form nature
Learning to learn
An extended metaphor refers to a comparison between two things that is developed at length over many lines of text, or throughout an entire work of literature. For example, in the butterfly story, the struggle of the butterfly illustrates life’s struggles. While the story appears to be about a butterfly, it is really about us.
2
Look at the pictures and think about what you can learn from nature.
3
Work in pairs. Plan your writing. Consider the following:
the topic you wish to write about
whether you will use an extended metaphor
what lesson it teaches us, and how we can apply this lesson to daily life
a suitable title for your story
Now write your story.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
Sample:
A Lesson from Ants
One day, I was resting in my grandparent’s garden when I saw that the sky was covered with dark clouds, this being a sure sign of rain. All of a sudden, an ant came into my sight. The tiny creature was trying hard to carry a tiny piece of bread to its nest, but its efforts were in vain. Each time the ant picked up the piece of bread, it rolled down its body and fell onto the ground. While I was wondering why the ant was trying so hard to achieve the impossible, it was joined by more ants. This group of ants worked together, and eventually they managed to carry the piece of bread to their nest.
Similarly, we need cooperate and collaborate in order to achieve what seems impossible for us to do as individuals. In order to achieve our goals, we should work together.
5
Work in groups. Plan a speech on the topic “Nature is our best teacher”. Think about what you have learnt in this unit.
6
Organise your ideas by answering the questions.
How can nature help people to solve practical problems in their lives
What lesson can you learn from nature
What else do you think people can learn from nature
How does this unit deepen your understanding of the relationship between people and nature
7
Prepare a short speech. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your speech
2 useful words, expressions and structures
8
Share your speech with the class. Vote for the best speech.
What lessons do we know from nature (共25张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
1
Read the short introductions to Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau and share what else you know about them with the class.
Born into a poor aristocratic family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming (365-427) was one of China’s greatest poets and a noted recluse. A master of the five-word line, Tao has been described as the first great “poet of fields and gardens”.
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early twenties, with poet Ralph Waldo Emerson as a mentor and friend. In 1845, he began his famous two-year stay at Walden Pond, which he wrote about in his masterwork, Walden.
课 堂 学 习
2
Read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt from nature.
Back to Nature
1 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time.
2 Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt conflicted over life at court. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years until his death, working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
3 While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond, focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
4 Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life:
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village,
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane,
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
5 Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts, as he describes in his journals:
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines.
6 It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires. In today's modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
Read the passage and find out what Tao and Thoreau learnt from nature.
Both of them got inspiration from nature for their literary works. Both of them lived simply in nature with few material desires, which helped them to attain their personal fulfilment.
Read the passage and divided it into parts, then summarise the main idea of each part.
Paragraph 1
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value.
The two men’s influence to people today
Tao Yuanming and Thoreau shared an intense respect for nature.
Paragraphs 2~3
Paragraphs 4~5
Paragraph 6
Learning to learn
A comparative essay compares, contrasts and evaluates two or more topics. There must be enough similarities and differences between the topics so that they can be discussed in a meaningful way. A number of points should be discussed within a comparative essay.
3
Organise information from the passage and complete the chart.
Tao Yuanming
He went back to nature because he felt conflicted over life at court.
His return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to.
The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.
Similarities:
Both made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.
Both were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their new lives.
Henry David Thoreau
Thoreau’s return to nature was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
Thoreau’s description of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.
He wrote about nature in order to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do.
Think Share
1 Why did it take Tao and Thoreau great courage to walk away from their previous lives
2 Why are their ideas important to our lives today
3 What do you think about living in nature like Tao and Thoreau Give your reasons.
4 Compare the two reading passages in this unit. In what ways does each passage contribute to the unit theme
1 Why did it take Tao and Thoreau great courage to walk away from their previous lives
2 Why are their ideas important to our lives today
3 What do you think about living in nature like Tao and Thoreau Give your reasons.
4 Compare the two reading passages in this unit. In what ways does each passage contribute to the unit theme
Because it was difficult to reject the easy and familiar life they used to live.
Because in today’s modern world, we still need to live harmoniously with nature, and live a simple life. Fewer material desires lead to better personal well-being and fulfilment.
Both passages have the common theme of learning from nature. The first passage focuses on the inspirations people get from nature, while the second focuses more on the natural way of living that people still need today. The second passage calls upon us to live in harmony with nature, which is an important message for today.
4
Work in pare the quotes by Tao and Thoreau.
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village,
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane,
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and botanical medicines.
1 Find the Chinese version of Tao’s poem, and translate Thoreau’s quote into Chinese.
2 Decide which portrayal of nature you prefer and make notes.
3 Organise your thoughts and share them with the class.
Genres of their works: Images in their works: What nature means to them: What message they try to convey: Tao ____________________________________ Thoreau
________________________________________
1 Find the Chinese version of Tao’s poem, and translate Thoreau’s quote into Chinese.
归园田居（其一）
陶渊明
少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。
误落尘网中，一去三十年。
羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。
开荒南野际，守拙归园田。
方宅十余亩，草屋八九间。
榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。
暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。
户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲。
久在樊笼里，复得返自然。
好好度过每一个季节，
呼吸新鲜的空气，
畅饮美酒，品尝水果，
尽情享受这一切。
让生活中只有饮食和草药。
Now think about your performance in this activity. How effectively did you compare the two literary works What additional information did you need to make the comparison
Language points
1. Superficially, these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar opposites. 表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。
句子主干是these two men were polar opposites; whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，对those two men 进行补充说明。
2. And yet they shared an intense respect for nature, which made them each an influential figure of their time. 然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
which引导的非限制性定语从句，对respect for nature进行补充说明；
3. In 405, he quit the service of the court for good, expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
(1) for good 永久地，永远地
e.g. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines.
某些工作因为被机器取代而永远消失了。
(2) 现在分词短语做伴随状语；
(3) that引导同位语从句，对line进行解释
(4) in return for 作为……的回报
e.g. I sent him a present in return for his help.
我送给他一份礼物以回报他的帮助。
4. From his poetry, we can learn that although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
(1) that引导宾语从句，although引导让步状语从句。
(2) succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
e.g. She succeeded in inventing the new machine.
她成功地发明了这台新机器。
5. While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而 梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
(1) while连接并列分句，表对比，意为“却；但是；而（用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的区别）”，此处作者是想用对比的方法介绍两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。；“he was opposed to”和“he lived”为定语从句，分别修饰lifestyle和way。
(2) be opposed to 反对……；与……相对
e.g. He was strongly opposed to the idea.
他坚决反对那个主意。
6. I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.
我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。
because引导原因状语从句。
7. Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value.
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。
Although引导让步状语从句。
8. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life: ...
他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：……
(1) “he wrote about”为定语从句；
(2) in contrast to 与……（形成）对比
e.g. The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.
该股票每股跌了60美分，和去年上涨21美分形成了对比。
(3) critical of 批评，批判
e.g. Many parents are strongly critical of the school.
许多家长对这所学校提出了强烈的批评。
9. Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do.
梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。
(1) aim to do sth. 目的是做某事，旨在做某事
e.g. We aim to help students make more informed career choices.
我们旨在帮助学生作出更有依据的职业抉择。
(2) that引导宾语从句，as引导方式状语从句。
(3) had a right to do sth. 有权利做某事
e.g. They had a right to seek alternative employment.
他们有权另谋高就。
10. We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts, as he describes in his journals: …
我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样：……
as引导非限制性定语从句。
11. It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, as both Tao and Thoreau did.
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近 大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。
(1) the easy and familiar为“the + 形容词”结构，构成名词，表示一类人或事物，此处指的是the easy and familiar life。
(2) as引导方式状语从句。
Retelling Back to Nature
Paragraph 1
Both men made dramatic transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way, their works show its beauty and value.
The two men’s influence to people today
Tao Yuanming and Thoreau shared an intense respect for nature.
Paragraphs 2~3
Paragraphs 4~5
Paragraph 6(共17张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
Review: non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, ...
b ... it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
c Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
d Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
1 Look at the “to do” structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve the same function in each sentence
2 In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form
No, they don’t. “To explore” in sentence (a) serves as object and “to float” in sentence (b) serves as predicative.
The -ed form is used as an adjective. The author wants to describe the visitors’ feeling, so the -ed form is used.
3 What is the function of the -ing form in sentence (d)
The -ing form is used as subject.
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
1. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
2. It is natural to think in this way,...
3. People whose interest is exploring the relationship...
4. To use biomimicry is to create structures...
【语法讲解】
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，共有三类：不定式、分词（现在分词、过去分词）和动名词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独做谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，它在句中可以用作其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。
作主语：Roller skating on rough pavement invites accidents.
作宾语：He avoided talking about this.
作表语：My idea is to rent a bicycle.
动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作且通常放在句首。
e.g. a. Fishing is my pleasure. (钓鱼是我的爱好。)
b. Talking mends no holes. (空谈无济于事。)
动词-ing形式作主语时，需要注意以下两点。
1) 谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. a. Reading aloud is vital to learn a second language.
(大声朗读对于学习第二语言是很重要的。)
b. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实。)
2) 动词-ing形式作主语的句子可以转化为用it作形式主语的句子。常见的结构有：
It is+no use/no good/useless, etc+动词-ing形式
It is nice/good interesting/a waste of, etc+动词-ing形式
e.g. a. Trying to persuade him to stop smoking is no use.
=It is no use trying to persuade him to stop smoking
(想说服他戒烟是没有用的。)
b. Learning theory without practice is no good.
=It is no good learning theory without practice.
(光理论不实践要不得。)
动词后接非谓语动词作宾语的情况分为三种：只能接不定式；只能接动名词；接动名词或不定式皆可。部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意思有差别，如下所示。
1) forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2) stop to do sth. 停止、中断（某事），目的是去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事
3) remember to do sth. 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
4) regret to do sth. 对要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔
5) try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
6) mean to do sth. 打算，有意要做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
7) go on to do sth. 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing sth. 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8) dread doing sth. 害怕、担心做某事
dread to do sth. 不敢去做某事（表示对某事十分担忧）
9) can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
to-infinitive形式作表语
动词不定式形式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。通常主语是表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等的名词或what引导的主语从句。例如：My purpose is to climb to the top of the snow mountain. (我的目标就是要爬到雪山的顶部。)
如果主语是主语从句，且该句中末尾是to do，则表语中的to可以省略。例如：
a. What I want to do is (to) get some fresh water.
(我要做的事就是弄些淡水来。）
b. What I need is to make them happy, not tired.
(我需要的是让他们快乐，而不是疲劳。）
-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语时表示一般性、习惯性的动作或抽象的动作，大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。例如：
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students. =Getting to know the needs of the students is the real question. (真正的问题是了解学生的需求。）
动词-ing形式作表语还可以表示主语具有的特征和属性。 例如：The news is really exciting. (这个消息真令人振奋。)
-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作表语时表示主语（人和事物）的被动关系或存在状态或情感情绪等。例如：
a. The cups were broken by the waitress. (杯子被服务员打碎了。)
(broken表示被动关系)
b. The cups are broken. (杯子碎了。)
(broken表示主语的存在状态）
C. I am very disappointed at the news. (我对这个消息感到很失望。)
(disappointed表示主语的情绪——感到失望)
2
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1___________________ (draw) inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries. Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou. The main principle of its design is 2___________________ (recreate) natural landscapes in miniature. First established in the Ming Dynasty, the original garden contained a rockery to symbolise Tiantai Mountain. Pine and bamboo groves were added later, along with a pond and an island. Visitors would be 3___________________ (astonish) to find the garden modeled closely on natural features. Visitors are also supposed 4___________________ (explore) it scene-by-scene. This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish, to a tree in blossom, a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
Drawing
to recreate / recreating
astonished
to explore
3
Read the information below and write a paragraph introducing the 24 Solar Terms with the words in the box. Use the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
Origin
created by farmers in Ancient China
based on Chinese lunar calendar
determined by the changes in the position of the sun
Significance
changes in weather mean a lot to farmers
determine the best time to sow and harvest
wisdom learnt from nature
First term
Beginning of Spring
days become longer and the temperature increases
Cultural heritage
added to UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2016
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms...
learn determine show amaze use
Sample:
Learning from nature’s wisdom led farmers in Ancient China to create the 24 Solar Terms, which were based on observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena. Indicating changes in weather conditions, the 24 Solar Terms remain of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices. The first term is known as “Beginning of Spring”, and marks when days become longer and the temperature begins to increase. Nowadays, the 24 Solar Terms not only apply to farming, but also guide Chinese people in everyday life. So varied are the functions of the Solar Terms and their contributions to cultural identity, that in 2016, they were added to UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
4
Work in pairs. Talk about one of the Solar Terms using the structures you have learnt in this unit where appropriate.
立春 the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)
雨水 Rain Water (2nd solar term)
惊蛰 the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)
春分 the Spring Equinox (4th solar term)
清明 Pure Brightness (5th solar term)
谷雨 Grain Rain (6th solar term)
立夏 the Beginning of Summer (7th solar term)
小满 Lesser Fullness of Grain (8th solar term)
芒种 Grain in Beard (9th solar term)
夏至 the Summer Solstice (10th solar term)
小暑 Lesser Heat (11th solar term)
大暑 Greater Heat (12th solar term)
立秋 the Beginning of Autumn (13th solar term)
处暑 the End of Heat (14th solar term)
白露 White Dew (15th solar term)
秋分 the Autumn Equinox (16th solar term)
寒露 Cold Dew (17th solar term)
霜降 Frost's Descent (18th solar term)
立冬 the Beginning of Winter (19th solar term)
小雪 Lesser Snow (20th solar term)
大雪 Greater Snow (21st solar term)
冬至 the Winter Solstice (22nd solar term)
小寒 Lesser Cold (23rd solar term)
大寒 Greater Cold (24th solar term)
1. Review the use of non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative.
2. Make some sentences with non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative.(共16张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
What do you know about biomimicry
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the passage about biomimicry and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
When solving a design problem, you can sometimes look to nature for a solution. One of the early examples is the study of birds to enable human flight. The Wright brothers, who succeeded in creating and flying the first aeroplane in 1903, got their inspiration from observing pigeons in flight. This approach, called biomimicry, studies and imitates nature's designs and processes to seek solutions to human problems. There are many types of biomimicry, among which the most common one is copying form and shape. By imitating the beak of a bird, for example, bullet trains can be made to run much faster and more quietly. Another type of biomimicry is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals. Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
1 What are the types of biomimicry mentioned in the passage What else do you know about them
One is copying form and shape. Another one is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals.
2 What other examples of biomimicry can you think of Share them with the class.
Voltaic cells and electric fishes.
2
Complete the information with the words and expressions.
observing, imitates, seek solutions to, copying,
taking inspiration from, inspired by
Answers:
1 taking inspiration from
2 Copying
3 observing
4 inspired by
5 seeking solutions to
Work in pairs. Talk about in what other ways we can learn from animals. Give examples.
3
4
Read the passage and answer the questions.
One of the outstanding features of traditional Chinese martial arts is the way they imitate animal movements. This came about because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
The first set of animal-imitating exercises came into being about 2,000 years ago. It was called Wu Qin Xi, or Five-animal Exercises, created by Hua Tuo (ca145-208). As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo is often credited with being the first in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He was known as the best physician of his time, and was an expert in acupuncture.
1 Why were Chinese martial artists inspired by animal movements
Because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals possess in order to survive in the wild.
2 What were Hua Tuo’s achievements
Hua Tuo created Wu Qin Xi. He was the first physician to use anesthesia during surgery in China. He was known as the best physician of his time and he was an expert in acupuncture.
5
Listen to the conversation about Wu Qin Xi and tick the topics mentioned by the speakers.
The creator of Wu Qin Xi
Who can practise the exercises
Why these animals were chosen
Physical benefits
Mental benefits
How to teach the exercises
√
√
√
Listen again and complete the introduction to Wu Qin Xi.
6
Wu Qin Xi was created by Hua Tuo almost 2,000 years ago. It means “Five-animal Exercises”, and each animal is 1_______________________. By doing these exercises, people learn from these animals and help 2_______________________. For example, the tiger exercise 3_______________________ the liver. The bear exercise helps people with good digestion. The monkey exercise helps 4_______________________; the 5_______________________ is good for the kidney; and the crane exercise is 6_______________________ Some people believe Wu Qin Xi helps them 7_______________________. Some of the Wu Qin Xi masters lived to 8_______________________, and still had good eyesight, hearing and strong teeth. Wu Qin Xi has 9_______________________, too. It can help 10_______________________.
Answers:
1 identified with a form of exercise
2 the / their organs to work better
3 does good to
4 the heart to work well
5 deer exercise
6 good for the lung
7 to live to an advanced age
8 more than 90 years of age
9 mental benefits
10 to relax the mind and improve concentration
7
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Showing interest
Talking about benefits
By…, you learn…
It helps people to…
…is good for…
Really
That’s interesting!
That’s very impressive.
Sounds great!
By..., you learn... That’s interesting!
Really That’s very impressive.
It helps people to... Sounds great!
... is good for...
8
Work in pairs. Think about other exercises inspired by animals. Discuss how they were created and their benefits, using the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about your performance. How well can you use the language you have learnt to talk about traditional Chinese exercises
1. Talk about some expressions of talking about benefits and showing interest.
2. Talk about examples of inspiration from animals.(共29张PPT)
Unit 5
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Starting out
Read the quotes and answer the questions.
1
1 What is the common message conveyed in these quotes
2 Have you ever learnt anything from nature Give examples.
The richness I achieve comes from nature, the source of my inspiration.
Claude Monet
A painter should regard nature as their teacher, and never stick with just one style of painting.
Zhang Daqian
Let nature be your teacher.
William Wordsworth
Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
1 What is the common message conveyed in these quotes
2 Have you ever learnt anything from nature Give examples.
The common message conveyed in these quotes is that they have a close relation with nature and they respect nature and get inspirations from nature.
Yes, such as survival of the fittest.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 What lessons from nature are mentioned
in the video
2 Which one inspires you most
2
1 What lessons from nature are mentioned in the video
2 Which one inspires you most
Trees give us lessons about strength in the face of hard times. Succulents in deserts give us lessons about learning to adapt to the environment. From birds, we learn to spread our wings and fly to reach our full potential. From salmon, we learn the importance of perseverance in order to achieve our goals. Ants teach us to embrace responsibility and always do our best.
1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Understanding ideas
1 What is shown in the pictures How much do you know about them
2 How could you associate them with architecture
A lotus flower, a termite mound and algae are shown in the pictures.
Now read the passage and check your ideas.
Nature in Architecture
1 Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
2 Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona's forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
3 People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building's plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
4 Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
The Algae House, Hamburg
5 The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that's not all - the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating is own renewable energy.
6 Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage. Give your reasons.
2
1 Extraordinary Architects
2 Lying on Earth
3 Architecture Frontier
4 Natural World
Read the passage and divided it into parts, then summarise the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Paragraphs 1-2) Nature gives us much inspiration.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 3-5) Some examples for the topic.
Part 3 (Paragraph 6) Live in harmony with nature.
Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.
3
Answers:
1 many of the most fascinating designs
2 lotus flower
3 the water that surrounds it
4 the water is then recycled
5 mimic the way nature works
6 move freely in and out of the building
7 traditional air conditioning and heating systems
8 make natural organisms part of a building
9 capture heat from the sun
10 produce fuel
11 generating its own renewable energy
12 live in closer harmony with our environment
Now work in pairs and talk about other examples of architecture inspired by nature.
1 Which of the three buildings are you most impressed by Why
2 If you were given a chance to design a building, what inspiration would you take from nature
3 How did the pictures help your understanding of the passage Share your ideas with the class.
Think & Share
1. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
(1) so ... that ...引导结果状语从句，how much引导宾语从句。
(2) take ... for granted 认为……理所当然
e.g. We should be grateful to our parents’ love instead of taking it for granted. 我们应该感谢父母的爱, 而不应视其为理所应当之事。
Language points
2. When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.
当我们看到一个松果时，我们可能会想它看起来有多像屋顶上的瓦片。
When引导时间状语从句，how much引导宾语从句。
3. An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.
一朵开放的花可能会让我们想到它有多像一把伞。
how much引导宾语从句。
4. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，
也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
本句为强调句型，英语中常用的强调句式的基本结构是“It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that + 其他部分”。一般来说，被强调的部分指人时，可用who或whom代替that。该结构可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语等。
e.g. It was not what you say but what you do that really counts.
真正重要的不是你说了什么，而是你做了什么。
5. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. 如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
(1) 本句中三个to do作后置定语修饰ways，此外，way to do也可以转换为way of doing结构。
e.g. The best way to see / of seeing the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.
看画展最好的方式是从顶层看起，一直往下走看到底层。
(2) “nature works”为省略了关系词that或者in which的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
6. People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。
whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
7. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。
in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词environment。
8. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。
9. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词building。
10. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。
“To use biomimicry”为不定式作主语，“to create structures”为不定式作表语，“ based on natural forms and processes”为过去分词短语作后置定语。
11. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词documentary。
12. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. 这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。
“covered in little holes”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰mounds，“designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰holes。过去分词短语作定语通常后置，在句法上相当于定语从句。
e.g. Paper cuttings used for religious purposes are often found in temples.
=Paper cuttings which / that are used for religious purposes are often
found in temples.
用于宗教目的的剪纸常常可以在寺庙里见到。
13. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.
白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。
“cooling”为现在分词作伴随状语，as引导时间状语从句。
14. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
“absorbed by the wall during the day”为过去分词短语作后置定语；“creating a comfortable temperature inside”现在分词短语作状语。
15. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. 公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词panels。
16. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. 这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。
(1) “from the sun”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰heat；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词energy。
(2) convert ... into ... 把……转换成……
e.g. In an electric power plant the heat converts water
into high-pressure steam.
在发电厂里，热能将水转化成高压蒸汽。
17. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating is own renewable energy. 因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
本句中含有并列连词not only... but also...，表示并列或递进关系，意为“不但……而且……”。注意not only... but also... 与as well as 所连接的并列成分各有侧重，not only... but also... 是把重点放在后者，as well as是把重点放在前者，因此在转换时一定要调整顺序。
e.g. Not only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday.
= The students as well as the teacher wish for a holiday.
不仅老师希望放假，学生也希望放假。
Retelling Nature in Architecture
Part 1 (Paragraphs 1-2) Nature gives us much inspiration.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 3-5) Some examples for the topic.
Part 3 (Paragraph 6) Live in harmony with nature.
