(共15张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
What traditional crafts that are dying out do you know
课 堂 学 习
1
Listen to the radio programme and choose its purpose.
1 To introduce famous traditional crafts to the audience.
2 To raise the audience's awareness of preserving traditional crafts.
3 To replace traditional crafts with modern technology.
4 To tell the stories of some famous craftworkers.
2
Listen again and complete the table.
Traditional crafts Clog making
1___________________________________
Reasons for their dying out 2___________________________________ has fallen.
Substitutes are 3_______________________ ____________ and much cheaper, while the cost of 4_____________________________ ______ for craftworkers is high.
The younger generation is 5______________ _____________________, which can take years to master.
Basket making with oak
The demand for these crafts
mass-produced with modern technology
the materials involved
not interested in learning traditional skills
Now work in pairs. Talk about how to keep traditional crafts from dying out.
3
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the radio programme.
What do you know about… Did you know that…
One reason is simply that… Another factor is that…
Giving reasons
Checking knowledge
What do you know about…
Did you know that…
One reason is simply that…
Another factor is that…
4
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1 What is currently happening to traditional crafts
2 Why are people starting to engage more with traditional crafts
Traditional crafts have long been disappearing from countries across the world. With many crafts having been, or about to be, lost forever, people have realised the importance of preserving those that remain. In fact, after a long period of decline, traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance. There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Such objects are produced through a combination of skill, respect for materials, devotion to tradition, and focus on the task. Craftsmanship speaks to the human need for skilled and socially useful work; the sort of work that can be admired and valued by society.
1 What is currently happening to traditional crafts
2 Why are people starting to engage more with traditional crafts
Traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance.
People are starting to engage more with traditional crafts because there is greater public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Furthermore, craftsmanship reflects people’s desire for skilled and socially useful work.
5
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
In October 1964, China exploded its first atomic bomb, marking a successful start of the “two bombs, one satellite” project, in which more than 17,000 scientists and researchers participated. Of those, 23 were awarded for their extraordinary contributions.
One of the 23 scientists was Deng Jiaxian, who was among the founders of China’s nuclear programme. After coming back from the US, Deng devoted himself whole-heartedly to the development of the “two bombs”. Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research. After the successful development of the atomic bomb, he worked closely with Yu Min, another leading scientist at the cutting edge of nuclear technology. Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. This was a remarkable achievement by the Chinese team of scientists, in such a short space of time.
Another respected scientist among the 23 award-winners was Qian Xuesen, who was experienced in rocketry and highly accomplished in his field. He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. However, he sought no fame and shunned the spotlight, returning to China with great resolution. He played a key role in China’s missile and aviation programmes, helping fast-track the development by decades.
The 23 scientists and many more like them overcame harsh conditions and dedicated much of their lives to their work. Their expertise in science, perseverance, integrity and innovation have inspired generations of scientific researchers to work towards a more powerful and prosperous China.
Qian Xuesen
Deng Jiaxian
Yu Min
1 What were the 23 scientists honoured for
2 What challenges did they meet How did they overcome them
They were honoured for their extraordinary contributions to the “two bombs, one satellite” project.
They endured extreme conditions and being apart from their families for years.
To overcome these challenges, they focused on their responsibilities and dedicated much of their lives to their work.
6
Put the expressions that show different qualities into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
refused to back down, kept on, thought outside the box, broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of, was experienced in, highly accomplished, his crack hand at, won him acclaim, sought no fame, shunned the spotlight, with great resolution, dedicated much of their lives to
Innovation
Perseverance
refused to back down
kept on
with great resolution
dedicated much of their lives to
thought outside the box
broke new ground
leading to the breakthrough of
Expertise
Integrity
sought no fame
shunned the spotlight
was experienced in
highly accomplished
his crack hand at
won him acclaim
7
Work in pairs. Talk about other people who show the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
Now comment on each other’s performances in using the words and expressions in this section.
1. Talk about some expressions about giving reasons, and
checking knowledge.
2. Talk about a person who shows the spirit of craftsmanship.(共16张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
What do you know about the Lei family
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the passage and answer the questions.
What do the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have in common These Qing-dynasty architectural marvels, along with many others, were all built by members of the same family - the Lei family.
For seven generations, the Lei family quietly dominated imperial architecture. Their designs were admirable, varying from grand buildings to public works, such as roads and dams. So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
The Lei family were also pioneering engineers, who used a grid system to plan their projects in minute detail. They took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of which have survived to this day and are registered as part of UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.
In addition to their architectural achievements, the Lei family showed diligence and humility. Each generation conscientiously learnt their craft and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years to complete. Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them.
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and humility, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the legacy that true craftwork is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
1 What is the passage about
2 What qualities of the Lei family are mentioned Find examples in the passage to support your answers.
3 What is the conclusion of the passage
The passage is about the Lei family, who for seven generations were behind the marvels of imperial architecture.
The qualities mentioned are those of skill, innovation, diligence and humility. This is evident in their buildings surviving for hundreds of years, in their use of a pioneering grid system to plan their projects, in each generation’s conscientious learning of their craft and undertaking ambitious projects, and in their works being more associated with the imperial court than with them.
Although the names of those who created these remarkable works may not be known by future generations, their spirit of craftsmanship is everlasting.
Learning to learn
An expository essay contains a fair and balanced analysis of an event, a situation or an idea. It commonly begins by clearly stating what it aims to explain or analyse. The main body comprises paragraphs with supporting evidence and facts. It concludes by reviewing the main theme of the essay in light of all the evidence that has been presented.
content of the passage
Paragraph 1
Paragraphs 2-4
Introducing the Lei family
The Lei family’s qualities and examples
Paragraph 5
Reviewing the theme
2
Choose one person who demonstrates the spirit of craftsmanship and complete the notes. Do further research if necessary.
Person: ____________________________________________________
Qualities: __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Examples: _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Conclusion: ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Now write an expository essay.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s essays and share them with the class. Consider how well you have understood how to write expository essays.
Sample:
The vividly coloured, finely shaped figurines of “Clay Figure Zhang” have been seeing a surge in popularity as an authentic and valuable traditional craft.
The nearly 200-year history of “Clay Figure Zhang” began with Zhang Mingshan, who became known for his ability to breathe life and beauty into these painted clay figurines. Born into a poor family, Zhang Mingshan made them as a means of earning a living.He often visited markets where he observed people of all walks of life, and went to theatres to observe those performing on stage. Day in, day out, he used tonnes of clay to mould what he saw, and sometimes added decorative items or new features to the figurines. So vivid and lifelike were they that they attracted crowds of spectators to the stand from which he sold them.
Fortunately, Zhang Mingshan’s craftsmanship has been passed down through his descendants, with these distinctive clay figurines now being crafted by the sixth generation of “Clay Figure Zhang”
4
Read the two points of view and answer the questions.
1 What is James trying to express
2 What is Ivy trying to express
3 Which person do you agree with
James
Ivy
I can’t understand why some people spend their whole life doing just one thing. I know these activities require time and effort to do, but I’d rather try as many different things as possible. I don’t want to regret things when I’m old!
I admire those people who devote their whole lives to one thing. Not only have they mastered their skills, but they have also mastered their lives! I hope that I can dedicate myself to, and one day master, a craft.
5
Work in groups and take sides. Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.
Point of view: ____________________________________________
Arguments: ______________________________________________
Supporting examples: ______________________________________
6
Prepare for a debate. Consider the following:
1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group
2 your arguments, opening and summary
3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can respond to them
4 useful words, expressions and structures
7
Team up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold a debate.
1. How can we write an expository essay
2. Talk about your view about that some people
spend their whole life doing just one thing.(共30张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
1
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Who was the Forbidden City built for
2 When did it become home to the Palace Museum
3 How many works of art are there in the Palace Museum
4 What do you think makes the Palace Museum unique in the world
1 Who was the Forbidden City built for
2 When did it become home to the Palace Museum
3 How many works of art are there in the Palace Museum
4 What do you think makes the Palace Museum unique in the world
The Forbidden City was built for emperors, their families and servants in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
It became home to the Palace Museum in 1925.
There are around 1.8 million works of art.
课 堂 学 习
2
Look at the title and the pictures. Predict what the passage is about.
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
MASTERS OF TIME
1 In the quiet courtyards of Xi San Suo, behind the high walls of the Forbidden City, time ticks at its own pace. If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques. Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin.
2 Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. Day in, day out, Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. But for quite some time, he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum.
3 Qing emperors were very fond of clocks. Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces. Today, the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly originating from Europe and China. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year. But, through their painstaking efforts, Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks – they bring them back to life.
4 The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks. To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world. Now, after eight months of endless adjustments, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong. The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life: water flows, boats sail, dogs bark, chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin. It is a truly awe-inspiring moment. It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
5 But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work to do, because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago. This is a race against time that can never be won! Nonetheless, Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, who will take on many of the future repairs. What's more, inspired to follow in his father's footsteps, Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks. This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills, the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time.
6 In today's fast-paced world, the saying that “time waits for no man”has never seemed more apt. Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country.
3
Match the questions to the paragraphs and find out the answers.
a Why is Wang Jin optimistic about the future of the timepieces in the Palace Museum
b Why is it painstaking for Wang Jin and his students to repair the collection of timepieces in the Palace Museum
c What has been done to the clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong
d Who is Wang Jin and where does he work
e What qualities do Wang Jin and his colleagues display in their work
f What was special about Wang Jin and his student Qi Haonan
5
3
4
1
6
2
a Because he has passed on his skills to a new generation of artisans, who will not only help preserve traditional skills but also bring innovation to the art of clock repairing so that it stands the test of time.
b Because repairing such a large and important collection of timepieces involves complex work, unique methods of restoration and sourcing difficult-to-find materials, which take a lot of time, care and attention to detail.
c Wang Jin has spent eight months adjusting the gigantic clock, which is about to be wound up and brought back to life.
d He is a clock restoration master, working in Xi San Suo in the Forbidden City.
e They display qualities of skill, patience, modesty and devotion in their work.
f They used to be the only two timepiece restorers in the Palace Museum.
Think Share
1 What is your understanding of the title, “Masters of Time” What figure of speech does the author use
2 What is your understanding of the sentence, “This is a race against time that can never be won” Do you agree with this Give your reasons.
3 What do Bill Cunningham and Wang Jin in the two reading passages in this unit have in common
4 What can you do to help to pass on traditional skills and the spirit of craftsmanship
1 What is your understanding of the title, “Masters of Time” What figure of speech does the author use
2 What is your understanding of the sentence, “This is a race against time that can never be won” Do you agree with this Give your reasons.
3 What do Bill Cunningham and Wang Jin in the two reading passages in this unit have in common
4 What can you do to help to pass on traditional skills and the spirit of craftsmanship
They are both devoted, motivated, passionate and skilled masters in their fields of work.
4
Work in groups. Give a speech about the spirit of craftsmanship in the Palace Museum.
1 Think about other masters in the Palace Museum. Then discuss the questions within your group to prepare for your speech. Do further research if necessary.
Who are the masters
What fields do they work in
What specific examples can you give of their work
What aspects of the spirit of craftsmanship are demonstrated through their work
How can you develop and display such spirit in daily life
2 Organise your speech by completing the table.
3 Give your speech to the class.
Aspects of the spirit of craftsmanship
Supporting examples
Conclusion
Now think about your performance in the speech. Vote for the most convincing speech and ask the speaker to share some public speaking skills.
Language points
1. If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.
要不是那三集纪录片，外面的人永远也不会知道，在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人竟然都是精于各门技艺的大师，他们毕生都在修复珍贵的古董。
(1) If... hadn’t..., ...would have...是虚拟语气句型，表示与过去事实相反。
(2) “that the ... their craft”为that引导的宾语从句。
(3) “who have ... antiques”为who引导的非限制性定语从句。
2. Among these is the clock restoration master, Wang Jin.
这其中便包括钟表修复大师王津。
介词短语位于句首引起全部倒装。
3. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. 王津穿过七重深红色的大门，走向自己的工作地点。尽管现在他经常被想和他合影的粉丝拦住，他仍然认为自己是故宫博物院的一名普通工人。
(1) “Walking through ... his workplace为现在分词短语作伴随状语；
(2) although引导让步状语从句，“wanting their photo ... with him”
为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰admirers。
4. Day in, day out, Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. 王先生和他的学生们日复一日地修复着数百年前的钟表
(1) day in, day out 日复一日
e.g. You get fit by playing the game, day in, day out, morning, noon and night. 从早到晚都坚持做这项运动，日复一日，你就能强壮起来。
(2) date back (to) 追溯到
date back + 时间段 date back to + 时间点
e.g. This story dates back 200 years. 故事发生在200年前。
The tradition could date back to 300 BC.
这一传统可追溯到公元前300年。
5. Qing emperors were very fond of clocks. 清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。
be fond of 喜欢
e.g. She's very fond of sweet things. 她非常喜欢吃甜食。
6. Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces.
因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。
present sb. with sth. 把某物赠送给某人
e.g. On his retirement, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.
在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆。
7. Today, the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world, mainly originating from Europe and China.
如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。
originate from 来自，源于
e.g. All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。
8. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of restoration.
小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。 range from…to…： 范围从……到……
e.g. Courses range from cookery to computing.
课程多种多样，从烹调到计算机操作应有尽有。
9. Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials, this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.
工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复
两件大型钟表。
that引导宾语从句；a maximum of 至多，最多。
e.g. A maximum of five tickets can be purchased with one valid
identification card. 每个有效身份证件最多可买5张门票。
10. But, through their painstaking efforts, Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks – they bring them back to life.
但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表—— 他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
bring sth. back to life 让某物获得重生
e.g. Experts studying them hope to find the genetic secrets of the mammoth and bring them back to life. 研究猛犸象的专家们希望能破解猛犸象的基因秘密，让它们获得重生。
11. The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks. 在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。
break the silence 打破沉默
e.g. Nobody wants to break the silence, so the atmosphere in the room is pretty weird. 没有人愿意打破沉默，所以屋子里的氛围十分怪异。
12. Now, after eight months of endless adjustments, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong.
经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。
(1) wind up 上紧(钟、表等的)发条；结束
e.g. He forgot to wind up the clock.
他忘了给钟上发条。
(2) that引导定语从句，修饰clocks。
13. The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life: water flows, boats sail, dogs bark, chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin. 那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了：水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。
(1) that引导定语从句，修饰先行词objects
(2) come back to life 复活；恢复健康，苏醒过来
e.g. Everything seems to come back to life in spring.
在春天，万事万物似乎又再度苏醒了。
14. It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor.
人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
本句为主从复合句，it作形式主语，第一个that引导主语从句，在主语从句中，when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句。
15. But, despite the combined work of several generations of masters, it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete. 但是，尽管经过了几代大师的共同努力，钟表的修复似乎永远不可能完成。
that引导主语从句。
16. Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored, there would still be work to do, because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago.
即使故宫博物院的每一件钟表都被修复了，仍然有工作要做，因为可能需要重新开始对很久以前修复的钟表进行修复。
本句为复合句，even if引导让步状语从句；because引导原因
状语从句，在此从句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词clocks。
17. This is a race against time that can never be won!
这是一场与时间的赛跑，却永远不可能赢！
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词race。
18. Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, who will take on many of the future repairs. 多年前，王先生继承了师父的事业，而现在他已将自己的技艺传授给了将承担未来许多修复工作的新成员。
(1) follow in the footsteps of ... 跟随……的脚步，效仿
e.g. So I decided to follow in the footsteps of the great American philosopher, Morgan Spurlock, and try something new for 30 days.所以我决定追随伟大的美国哲学家摩根·斯普洛克的脚步，尝试一些新的东西30天。
(2) pass on sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人
e.g. May I trouble you to pass on a message to her
烦您给她捎个信儿。
(3) who引导非限制性定语从句；take on 承担
e.g. No other organization was able or willing to take on the job.
没有任何其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。
19. What's more, inspired to follow in his father's footsteps, Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.
更重要的是，在继承父业这一壮志的激励下，王先生的儿子现在也开始修复古董钟表。
take up doing sth. 开始做某事
e.g. He left a job in the city to take up farming.
他辞去城里的工作，开始务农。
20. This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills, the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time.
新一代的工匠不仅能够协助保留传统技艺，他们给技艺带来的创新也将确保钟表修复艺术能够经得起时间的考验。
“they bring to the craft”为定语从句，修饰先行词innovation；that引导宾语从句。
21. In today's fast-paced world, the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt. 在当今快节奏的世界里，“时间不等人”的说法似乎再贴切不过了。
(1) that引导同位语从句，作saying的同位语。
(2) Time waits for no man. 时间不等人，时不我待
(3) “否定副词never/not+形容词的比较级”结构表示最高级；
e.g. I couldn’t appreciate it more if you were to write back soon.
如果你能尽快回信，我将感激不尽。
22. Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts.
然而，在西三所的隐秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事们用灵巧的双手和谦逊的心沉着地拼凑着过去，带来了永恒。
“Mr Wang ... modest hearts”为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
23. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 好像他们已经与自己的技艺和这个国家的历史融为了一体。
as if引导表语从句。
Retelling MASTERS OF TIME
Para. 1 Who is Wang Jin and where does he work
Para. 2 What was special about Wang Jin and his student Qi Haonan
Para. 3 Why is it painstaking for Wang Jin and his students to repair the collection of timepieces in the Palace Museum
Para. 4 What has been done to the clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong
Para. 5 Why is Wang Jin optimistic about the future of the timepieces in the Palace Museum
Para. 6 What qualities do Wang Jin and his colleagues display in their work (共11张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
Predicative clauses
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a This is what makes them so special.
b A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
1 What form does the predicative take in sentences (a) and (b)
2 Why is “what” used in sentence (a) and “where” used in sentence (b)
3 What other words do you know that can lead a predicative clause
1 What form does the predicative take in sentences (a) and (b)
2 Why is “what” used in sentence (a) and “where” used in sentence (b)
3 What other words do you know that can lead a predicative clause
The predicative in sentences (a) and (b) takes the form of a clause.
“What” is used in sentence (a) because it acts as the subject of “makes” in the predicative clause. “Where” is used in sentence (b) because it acts as the adverbial in the predicative clause.
Other words are who, when, how, why, etc.
Now look for more sentences with predicative clauses in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within
his photos.
2. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed,
a worker not a star - and this was how he wanted it.
【语法讲解】
表语从句是指一个句子作为表语， 放在系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
含有表语从句的一般结构为“主语+系动词+关联词+表语从句”。
1）可接表语从句的系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
e.g. It seems as if it were spring already.
似乎春天已经来了。
2）引导表语从句的常见关联词有连接代词who, which, whatever等，连接副词how, why, whenever等，从属连词：as, that, whether等。
e.g. The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们找谁来代替她。
The problem is how we can find him.
问题是我们如何找到他。
The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem.
事实是我们不知道怎么解决这个问题。
The question is whether they will help us.
问题是他们会不会帮助我们。
3）引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。
e.g. The trouble is (that) he is ill. 麻烦的是他生病了。
2
Listen to the story of Ruth Bancroft and complete the sentences with predicative clauses. Listen again if necessary.
1 One reason why the garden is unique is ________________________
________________________________________________________.
2 Another reason for its uniqueness is ___________________________
________________________________________________________.
3 The drought-resistant plants with thick, fleshy leaves became _______
________________________________________________________.
4 Although Walnut Creek was not ______________________________
________________________________________________________,
Ruth managed to grow them by much trial and error.
5 It seemed ________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
6 Those five-star reviews prove ________________________________
________________________________________________________.
that it comprises an array of plants adapted to dry conditions
that it is the life’s work of only one woman: Ruth Bancroft
what she was most interested in
where they grew naturally
as though nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work
how much visitors admire her garden
3
Rewrite the underlined sentences using predicative clauses.
Mei Lanfang (1894-1961)
Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894. At the age of eight, he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis. When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high. Every day Mei watched them as they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art. His hard work and dedication made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
Mei was also an innovator. In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters. This contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.
Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. This lifelong devotion has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
Answers:
1 The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
2 Watching the pigeons as they flew every day was how he developed the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art.
3 His hard work and dedication were what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
4 His innovations in make-up and costume design, which allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters, were what contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.
5 This lifelong devotion was what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
4
Think of another artist and write about their devotion to their art. Use predicative clauses where appropriate.
1. Talk about the use of predicative clauses.
2. Make some sentences with predicative clauses.(共31张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 How did Cook Ding compare himself to other cooks
2 What lesson did Lord Wenhui learn from Cook Ding
1
Starting out
1 How did Cook Ding compare himself to other cooks
2 What lesson did Lord Wenhui learn from Cook Ding
Cook Ding compared himself to other cooks by comparing how often they had to change their knives.
Lord Wenhui learnt that it is important to study the principles of doing things, and to have perseverance, concentration, wisdom and devotion to one’s craft.
Read the quotes and answer the questions.
2
1 What’s your understanding of these quotes
2 What qualities does each of these quotes convey
3 Which of these quotes is the most meaningful to you Give your reasons.
It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.
Albert Einstein
I know the price of success: dedication, hard work, and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Without craftsmanship, inspiration is a mere reed shaken in the wind.
Johannes Brahms
1 What’s your understanding of these quotes
2 What qualities does each of these quotes convey
3 Which of these quotes is the most meaningful to you Give your reasons.
The quote by Albert Einstein conveys the quality of perseverance.
The quote by Frank Lloyd Wright conveys the quality of commitment.
The quote by Johannes Brahms conveys the qualities of skill and aptitude.
1
Look at the photos and answer the questions.
Understanding ideas
1 What differences are there between these two photographers
2 What do you think they each want to show through their works
3 What does the first picture tell you about the photographer
1 What differences are there between these two photographers
2 What do you think they each want to show through their works
3 What does the first picture tell you about the photographer
The photographer in the first picture is working on the street with a single, easy-to-carry camera. The photographer in the second picture is working in a studio with expensive, technologically-advanced equipment.
The first picture tells us about the photographer's approach to his work and his interest in people's day-to-day lives.
Now read the passage and check your answers.
Life Behind the Lens
1 A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes. If you saw him, you’d never think there was anything remarkable about him. And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man.
2 This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
3 What made Cunningham so great It certainly wasn't the use of expensive, technologically-advanced equipment. Cunningham always used simple, relatively cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York, not in a studio. Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections. Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway. These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential. Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone - fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
4 Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day, regardless of the weather. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special.
5 Although he was a world famous fashion photographer, Cunningham's approach to life was uncomplicated. He lived in a small apartment with a shared washroom. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
6 Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. “Money's the cheapest thing,” he once said, then added: “... freedom is the most expensive.” This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft, enabling him to capture New York's unique street style.
7 Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer - he was a “cultural anthropologist", who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star - and this was how he wanted it.
Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.
2
1 Social Butterfly
2 Art and Devotion
3 Follower of Fashion
4 A Life in Photographs
Skimming
Understand the structure of the passage.
Scanning
Part 1 Paragraph(s) _______
Part 2 Paragraph(s) _______
Part 3 Paragraph(s) _______
Part 4 Paragraph(s) _______
_____________ of Bill Cunningham
Cunningham's fashion beliefs and _____________ to photography
Cunningham's life _____________
Cunningham's _____________ for photography
Introduction
1-2
3-4
5-6
7
devotion
philosophy
passion
Careful reading
Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.
3
Answers:
1 high society and big brands
2 the people
3 who they are
4 go out onto the streets of New York
5 he knew he had the right photos
6 took a day off and not once stayed home sick
7 a small apartment with a shared washroom
8 the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee
9 the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer
10 his integrity and would not be bought by anyone
Now come up with five words or expressions to describe Bill Cunningham. Give your reasons.
1 What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham's words “Money's the cheapest thing”
2 Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”
3 What can you learn from Bill Cunningham Share your thoughts with the class.
4 What text types have you learnt about to help you describe people
If you were to write about Bill Cunningham, which would you choose
Think & Share
1 What is your understanding of Bill Cunningham's words “Money's the cheapest thing”
2 Why is Bill Cunningham called a “cultural anthropologist”
3 What can you learn from Bill Cunningham Share your thoughts with the class.
4 What text types have you learnt about to help you describe people If you were to write about Bill Cunningham, which would you choose
Bill Cunningham is called a “cultural anthropologist” because his photography captured and created an everlasting record of the life of New York and its people over half a century.
1. A white-haired old man riding an ordinary bicycle around the streets of New York, always wearing the same blue worker’s jacket and simple black running shoes.
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。
该句采用了照片说明文字的描写方式，使读者的关注重点立刻落在主语A white-haired old man上，突出Bill Cunningham的人物形象特点。
Language points
2. If you saw him, you’d never think there was anything remarkable about him. 如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。
If引导条件状语从句，“there was...about him”为省略that的宾语从句。
3. This ordinary-looking man was Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔·坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
“one of the ... 50 years”是Bill Cunningham的同位语 。
4. Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也不是因为他交友广泛，识人无数。
否定副词nor置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装，即系动词（was）提
到主语（it）的前面。
5. Although he always knew where fashionable parties and events were happening, Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people in the poor Bronx as much as VIPs in rich Manhattan.
虽然他总是知道时尚聚会和大型活动举办的地点，但无论是对于在贫穷的布朗克斯拍摄普通人，还是在富裕的曼哈顿拍摄贵宾，他都同样喜欢。
Although引导让步状语从句，where引导宾语从句。
6. He found inspiration where others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a man buying oranges at the local grocery store, or a woman riding home on the graffiti-covered subway. 他能在一些简单的日常场景中得到其他人无法得到的灵感，比如一个在当地杂货店买橘子的男人，或是一个乘坐画满涂鸦的地铁回家的女人。
where引导定语从句； “buying oranges ... store”和“riding home ... subway”为现在分词短语都作后置定语，修饰a man和a woman。
7. These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些东西是真实的，在这种真实中，坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
标红部分为强调句型，强调句型的结构为：It is/was... + that/who...
在英语中，要强调句子的某一部分，可以使用本强调句型结构。
在该结构中，it在句中无具体指代意义，只能引出被强调部分的
作用，并且去掉It is/was和that/who后，句子的其余部分仍能组成
一个语法结构完成的句子。例如，将本句中的it was within their
reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential去掉相应结构，
剩余部分重组后变为Cunningham saw both beauty and potential
within their reality，仍为一个语法结构完整的句子。
8. Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone - fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么，而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来，时尚属于民众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
what引导宾语从句，not后省略with，who引导的从句作with的宾语，and连接两个宾语从句；“as he saw it”作插入语，起着解释说明作用。
9. Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work. 此外，坎宁安的伟大之处还在于他对摄影的奉献精神，以及他在工作中投入的大量时间和精力。
what引导主语从句；“he put into his work”为定语从句，修饰
先行词“the hours and hours of sheer hard work”。
10. He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos. 甚至在暴风雨时，他也会待在外面，直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。
本句为主从复合句，not ... until引导时间状语从句；“he had the right photos”为宾语从句，省略了引导词that。
11. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. 我们可以从他的照片中看到这种奉献和努力。
what引导表语从句。
12. This is what makes them so special.
这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
what引导表语从句。
13. Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer, Cunningham's approach to life was uncomplicated. 虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。
Although引导让步状语从句。
14. A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
where引导表语从句。
15. He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. 他珍视自己的正直，不为任何人所动摇，无论提供给他多少免费衣物或远程航班。
no matter how many引导让步状语从句。
16. And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun. 而且如果他去参加名人聚会，他是去工作而不是玩乐。
if引导条件状语从句。
17. He was 87 when he passed away, and had been working right up until his last illness.
他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。
when引导时间状语从句。
18. Nothing ever stopped him from getting the photo he wanted.
没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。
“he wanted”是定语从句，修饰先行词the photo。
19. His hard work made him more than a fashion photographer - he was a “cultural anthropologist", who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. 他的辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。
who引导非限制性定语从句。
20. Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star - and this was how he wanted it.
比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是一位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
本句运用了作比较的描写手法，“how he wanted it”为表语从句。
Retelling Life Behind the Lens
Part 1 Paragraphs 1-2
Part 2 Paragraphs 3-4
Part 3 Paragraphs 5-6
Part 4 Paragraph 7
Introduction of Bill Cunningham
Cunningham's fashion beliefs and devotion to photography
Cunningham's life philosophy
Cunningham's passion for photography
