北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（含答案）

北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试
英语
考生须知 1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dog. My parents told me when I was old enough and 1 , I could have one.
One day I hopped off the bus, not knowing what awaited me inside. I walked through the door, and to my 2 , a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was born that day.
She was a smart dog. We 3 play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together.
Eleven years we were together, best of friends. Unfortunately, arthritis (关节炎) and old age set in on her. My parents knew what had to be done, but they let me find and make the decision myself.
She was 4 so much and the medicine didn’t seem to help anymore. She could 5 walk. I looked into those deep brown eyes and 6 it was time to let her go.
I carried her into the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her on the table. She leaned her head forward and gave a lick to my hand as if to say, “I understand. Stay 7 .” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked before giving the final shot, “Are you sure ” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I nodded yes. The final shot was given. My eyes fixed upon her wagging tail. In a matter of seconds, it 8 . The vet listened for a heartbeat, and said, “It’s over.”
I took her home and buried her in the pasture, where she loved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the 9 thing I had ever done.
Recently I went back to her grave. Growing on her grave was a single wildflower. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I know now that, that special friend will be 10 me always.
1. A. confident B. brave C. creative D. responsible
2. A. relief B. surprise C. annoyance D. confusion
3. A. would B. should C. might D. must
4. A. suffering B. expecting C. paying D. gaining
5. A. even B. almost C. still D. hardly
6. A. insisted B. realized C. agreed D. predicted
7. A. honest B. popular C. strong D. active
8. A. stopped B. expanded C. hurt D. rose
9. A. greatest B. hardest C. wisest D. warmest
10. A. above B. on C. with D. for
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) 11 (become) a global therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a popular treatment for a variety of 12 (disease). According to a 2023 WHO report, acupuncture has been used in 113 member countries, 13 shows its widespread recognition and application.
B
As I walked through the square, I 14 (invite) to join a dance at the Malaysian booth. In no time, I found 15 (I) in the midst of a large dance circle. People from 16 (difference) backgrounds celebrated together with energetic movements and joyful laughter. Beside me were a girl from Inner Mongolia, China, and a girl from Russia 17 were excited to discover that their hometowns were right next to each other, despite being in different countries.
C
There is no question that the so-called meatless meat 18 (win) when it comes to the health of our planet. Plant-based meat, like all foods, has some impact on the environment, 19 it doesn’t come close to having the sort of impact on the planet that meat does. To see 20 the difference is, we have to look at a few key elements of environmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbon emissions.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-College Program is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a glimpse of college life. You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. To enter Summer 2024, you must meet the criterion: being a high school graduate.
With almost 30 courses to choose from, you’re sure to find a topic that arouses your interest among the courses offered to Pre-College Program students. Although courses are non-credit (无学分的) and do not have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with your grade. This is a great way to help with your college application.
The total fee for a 2024 Harvard Pre-College Program session is $5,550. The program fee includes tuition (学费), a room and meal plan, activity costs, and an accident and sickness insurance plan for the full two weeks. There is also a $75 application fee. A limited number of scholarships are available to assist qualified students who need financial support.
Harvard’s Pre-College Program combines the hard work and strictness of an Ivy League education with the fun that comes with living, studying, and socializing with new friends. Whether you’re engaging in meaningful debate in class or exploring the Boston area, you’ll be creating memories that will last you a lifetime. The first step in your journey toward this amazing experience is plete our information request form to hear from us about important deadlines and helpful resources.
21. You can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-College Program if you ______.
A. have got Harvard’s offer B. have finished high school
C. have reached college level D. live on the Harvard campus
22. If you take the program, you ______.
A. need to pay the costs just for tuition and accommodation
B. will have a great chance to get the scholarships if you want
C. can enjoy the same resources at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a report from your teacher at the end of the program
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage
A. To offer information about a summer program.
B. To introduce the benefits of a summer program.
C. To emphasize the importance of pre-college education.
D. To share an amazing experience on the Harvard campus.
B
On a summer morning, I woke up early, herded my three-and five-year-old daughters into the car, packed my friend and her two daughters into the car, and drove two hours to the New Jersey Shore, where we spread our towels on the beach by 10 a.m.
Out of nowhere, the girls took off running. About 50 yards from us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic poles. The girls stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back to us—all except my three-year-old, Drew.
My brain immediately shot into Mama Bear mode: human trafficker (人贩子)
“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working. Good moms should be cautious. Good moms should teach their daughters that the world is a dangerous place. So I felt relieved when Drew trotted over to me and grabbed a shovel. Then she looked me in the eye, “I want to be with that man.” She ran back, sat down next to him, and started digging.
As I was thinking about what she was saying to him, she ran back to us, waving something very shiny and slimy. “A toy fish!” This must have been what he was using for bait. And he’d given it to Drew. The three other girls were impressed, and they all longed for the fish. Drew looked at me for help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she protested. The sand turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flipping through the air. Tears were fast approaching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was holding three more rubber fish and handed them to each of the girls. By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really cute Jonas brother. “Thank you,” they said, without prompting.
“Thank you,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the world... but there is also good, and kindness in strangers, and lessons for mothers to learn that only a three-year-old could teach them.
24. The author thought a good mom should ______.
A. allow her kids to relax B. care about her kids’ safety
C. take her kids to explore nature D. encourage her kids to share with others
25. What made the author change her attitude towards the man
A. The man letting Drew sit next to him. B. The man teaching the kids how to fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish to Drew. D. The man handing extra rubber fish to the kids.
26. What can we learn from this passage
A. There is goodwill in the world. B. Children have their own blessings.
C. Everything comes to those who wait. D. Watch out for people with bad intentions.
C
In the story A Christmas Carol, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrooge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrooge’s eyes are opened as to how his behavior affects other people—and he goes from a selfish grump to a generous benefactor overnight, thanks to visits from ghosts.
Scrooge’s transformation comes down to knowledge. But do people really want to know how their actions affect others As behavioral scientists, we wanted to understand just how common willful ignorance is—as well as why people engage in it.
Experiments were carried out to find answers. Researchers asked one member of each pair to choose between two options (选择) in one of two settings, determining the earnings for themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chose $5 for themselves, they knew their partner would also receive $5. If, however, they chose $6 for themselves, they knew their partner would receive only $1 in return.
In the ambiguous setting, there were two possible situations. In one, if the decision-maker selected $6 for themselves, their partner would receive $1, and if the decision-maker chose $5, their partner would receive $5. But in the other situation, the decision-maker could pick $6 and their partner would receive $5, or the decision-maker could select $5 and their partner would receive $1. The decision-maker knew these two systems—but they were not initially aware of which situation they were in. Interestingly, the decision-maker had the opportunity to resolve that ambiguity by clicking a button.
Across all studies, we found in the transparent setting 55% chose the altruistic option. In the ambiguous setting, however, 40% of participants chose to remain ignorant. 60% of people in the ignorant group chose a higher personal payout in situations where this choice came at the expense of their partner. Among those who requested more information, 36% knowingly kept a higher payout at a cost to their partner. Only 39% of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55% in the transparent condition.
But how do we know if ignorance in the ambiguous setting was willful We conducted a second analysis focused on what motivates people to seek information.
In this analysis we looked at how people who obtained additional information behaved in comparison with those who were given information. We found that people who chose to receive information in the ambiguous setting were seven percentage points more likely to make the altruistic choice than people in the transparent setting. By the same token, the finding also suggests ignorance prevents people from knowing how their actions harm others.
If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions, it may make people feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignorant. We may not have Dickensian ghosts to guide us—but there are still steps we can take.
27. The author mentions Scrooge’s change mainly to ______.
A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a character D. give an example
28. If the decision-maker chose to click the button in the ambiguous setting, they would ______.
A. drop out of the experiment B. know the situation they are in
C. receive the additional earnings D. switch to the other situation they prefer
29. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Inadvisable. B. Selfless. C. Fair-minded. D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. The ignorant group tend to sacrifice their own interest.
B. Moral evaluation might lead to more intentional ignorance.
C. There is no common payout system shared by both settings.
D. Avoiding information might make people feel like bad persons.
D
Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers: algorithmic bias (算法偏见) and discrimination, the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. However, others are focusing on the potential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery. Could they be right
Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis.
In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery and encouraged researchers to favor their own observations over the received wisdom of antiquity (古代), while the introduction of scientific journals gave them new ways to share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment of research laboratories, which brought together ideas, people and materials on an industrial scale, gave rise to further innovations. From the mid-20th century, computers in turn enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling.
All this is to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.
Two areas in particular look promising. The first is “literature-based discovery” (LBD), which involves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, to look for new hypotheses, connections or ideas that humans may have missed. The second area is “robot scientists”. These are robotic systems that use AI to form new hypotheses, based on analysis of existing data and literature, and then test those hypotheses by performing hundreds or thousands of experiments, in fields including systems biology and materials science. Unlike human scientists, robots are less attached to previous results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy to replicate. They could scale up experimental research, develop unexpected theories and explore avenues that human investigators might not have considered.
The idea is therefore feasible. But the main barrier is sociological: it can happen only if human scientists are willing and able to use such tools. Governments could help by pressing for greater use of common standards to allow AI systems to exchange and interpret laboratory results and other data. They could also fun d more research into the integration of AI smarts with laboratory robotics, and into forms of AI beyond those being pursued in the private sector. Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpoint, the author is likely to be ______.
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. LBD focuses on testing the reliability of ever-made hypotheses.
B. Resistance to AI prevents the transformation of scientific practice.
C. Robot scientists form hypotheses without considering previous studies.
D. Both journals and labs need adjustments in promoting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange of data.
B. Performing scientific tasks relies on government funding.
C. Less popular AI forms might be worth paying attention to.
D. The application of AI in public sector hasn’t been launched.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Transforming Science. How Can AI Help
B. Making Breakthroughs. What Is AI’s Strength
C. Reshaping History. How May AI Develop Further
D. Redefining Discovery. How Can AI Overcome Its Weakness
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptation (诱惑) is part of life. It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. 35 Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for.
Unsurprisingly, research shows that people with greater self-control experience benefits such as success at school and work and greater satisfaction in their relationships. But there’s growing evidence that self-control can also come with various downsides.
36 Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. In fact, that’s what we’ve found in our research.
The hidden costs of high self-control also extend beyond the social area to affect a person’s emotional life. For instance, consider the experience of regret. Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. 37
Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. 38 That will lead them to feel more burdened by the dependence that others have on them. This increased exhaustion and sense of burden can reduce levels of satisfaction within those relationships.
Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. 39 By working to address the unfavorable outcomes related to high self-control, while continuing to pursue the favorable ones, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined people are less likely to forgive others.
B. People with higher self-control tend to enjoy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature.
D. Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person.
F. So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road.
G. During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题；共12分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.
41. The moment I get on the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents.
42. Festivals offer a sense of ______ for religious, social and geographical groups.
43. Now, festival celebrations have become more self-centered and are moving away from traditions. They are more focused on instant ______.
44. Traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese ______, and we must protect them.
45. Traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help ______ our national identity.
46. Digitizing ancient art allows us to explore the practices of long ago. It also makes the art ______ to the world.
47. Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the best way to ______ healthy friendships.
48. Important ______ skills are developed through direct contact with other people.
49. The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably ______, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce.
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became popular among the villagers.
51. Even a thirty-minute run will provide ______ from aches and tension that you may be suffering due to stress.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebrations and I”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试
英语参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. has become 12. diseases 13. which 14. was invited 15. myself
16. different 17. who/that 18. wins 19. but 20. what
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. G 36. D 37. F 38. E 39. C
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）
40. valued 41. surrounded 42. belonging 43. satisfaction 44. culture
45. reshape 46. accessible 47. maintain 48. social 49. convenient
50. contribution 51. relief
第二节（20分）
52.略。